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Efficacy of Electrolyzed Water in Degrading and Removing
EFFICACY OF ELECTROLYZED WATER IN DEGRADING AND REMOVING PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON FRESH PRODUCE By HANG QI (Under the Direction of Yen-Con Hung) ABSTRACT Pure solution of diazinon, cyprodinil, and phosmet were treated with electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water and electrolyzed reduced (ER) water. Lower pH, higher available chlorine content (ACC), and longer treatment time of EO water resulted in higher reductions of the three pesticides. ER water was effective in degrading phosmet, slightly effective in reducing diazinon, and ineffective in degrading cyprodinil. Soaking grapes in 12 mg/L mixed pesticide solution for 10 min was found to be the appropriate method for pesticide inoculation. EO water at 500 mL combined with 100 rpm shaking was determined to be the most effective way to wash 200 g contaminated grapes. Then, fresh grapes, spinach, and snap peas contaminated with the three pesticides were washed with EO water at different ACC and treatment time. The results showed both ACC and treatment time were significant (P ≤ 0.05) factors for EO water in removing the three pesticide residues on produce samples. EO water was more effective than ER water, diluted bleach, Vegwash and DI water. Finally, the effect of EO water treatment on produce quality was evaluated. No significant (P > 0.05) color and texture degradation was found for EO water treated produce samples. INDEX WORDS: Electrolyzed water, fresh produce, diazinon, cyprodinil, phosmet EFFICACY OF ELECTROLYZED WATER IN DEGRADING AND REMOVING PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON FRESH PRODUCE by HANG -
Polypore Diversity in North America with an Annotated Checklist
Mycol Progress (2016) 15:771–790 DOI 10.1007/s11557-016-1207-7 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Polypore diversity in North America with an annotated checklist Li-Wei Zhou1 & Karen K. Nakasone2 & Harold H. Burdsall Jr.2 & James Ginns3 & Josef Vlasák4 & Otto Miettinen5 & Viacheslav Spirin5 & Tuomo Niemelä 5 & Hai-Sheng Yuan1 & Shuang-Hui He6 & Bao-Kai Cui6 & Jia-Hui Xing6 & Yu-Cheng Dai6 Received: 20 May 2016 /Accepted: 9 June 2016 /Published online: 30 June 2016 # German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract Profound changes to the taxonomy and classifica- 11 orders, while six other species from three genera have tion of polypores have occurred since the advent of molecular uncertain taxonomic position at the order level. Three orders, phylogenetics in the 1990s. The last major monograph of viz. Polyporales, Hymenochaetales and Russulales, accom- North American polypores was published by Gilbertson and modate most of polypore species (93.7 %) and genera Ryvarden in 1986–1987. In the intervening 30 years, new (88.8 %). We hope that this updated checklist will inspire species, new combinations, and new records of polypores future studies in the polypore mycota of North America and were reported from North America. As a result, an updated contribute to the diversity and systematics of polypores checklist of North American polypores is needed to reflect the worldwide. polypore diversity in there. We recognize 492 species of polypores from 146 genera in North America. Of these, 232 Keywords Basidiomycota . Phylogeny . Taxonomy . species are unchanged from Gilbertson and Ryvarden’smono- Wood-decaying fungus graph, and 175 species required name or authority changes. -
And There Were Mushrooms…
VOLUME 53: 4 November-December 2013 www.namyco.org Ozarks Were Really Fun! And There Were Mushrooms… By NAMA President, David Rust From the plane coming into Little Rock, we could see a lot of green: to the north where the Ozarks begin, trees and waterways dominated the landscape. We could see right off that Shepherd of the Ozarks would serve as a beautiful base camp for a foray. Big Creek, which runs through the property, has cut through the layers of lime- stone over time, creating a beautiful backdrop. Trees were turning color, and frost touched the meadow. On the first evening, Theo Witsell, botanist from the Arkansas Heritage Program, presented a look at local ge- ology, habitats and the diverse botany of Arkansas, focusing first on the larger picture of plateaus, river bottoms, prairies and woodlands, and finishing with a breathtaking display of rare plants. Friday morning we ventured out into places like Gunner Pool, Barkshed Creek, Blanchard Caverns, Leatherwood Wilderness Area, Buffalo River, Ozark National Forest, Woolly Hollow, and Moccasin Springs. And there were mushrooms. Before this year’s foray, Searcy County had only five records of fungi. The initial tally for this foray is 280 species and counting, with an expected boost from participants in the PolyPeet Project, who scoured the woods for poly- pores and inspected incoming foray collections. Alfredo Justo led a team from Clark University’s Hibbett Lab. The goal of the PolyPeet Project is to study the taxonomy and evolution of Polyporales, and produce comprehen- sive modern monographs in selected genera. We found mushrooms like Russula flavida, Lactarius in- digo, Amanita daucipes, and Amanita polypyramis, Daeda- leopsis confragosa, Craterellus ignicolor, Cortinarius scau- rotraganoides, Polyporus radicatus, and a beautiful purple collection of Pseudobaeospora. -
An Annotated Checklist of the Homobasidiomycetes of Iowa
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 54 Annual Issue Article 10 1947 An Annotated Checklist of the Homobasidiomycetes of Iowa Phyllis D. Gardner State University of Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1947 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Gardner, Phyllis D. (1947) "An Annotated Checklist of the Homobasidiomycetes of Iowa," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 54(1), 67-97. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol54/iss1/10 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gardner: An Annotated Checklist of the Homobasidiomycetes of Iowa An Annotated Checklist of the Homobasidiomycetes of Iowa PHYLLIS D. GARDNER The Homobasidiomycetes comprises those Basidiomycetes charac terized by simple basidia and basidiospores which do not, as a rule, germinate by repetition but produce a mycelium directly. According to the current treatment followed in this laboratory, there are seven recognized orders, all of which occur in Iowa. One order, the Exo basidiales, is characterized by the absence of a fruiting body, the place of that structure being taken by the parasitized tissues of the host. Of those orders in which a basidiocarp is present, the Agaricales possesses a hymenium or fruiting layer often exposed from the be ginning and always before the spores are mature. -
Pesticide Degradates of Concern to the Drinking Water Community
Pesticide Degradates of Concern to the Drinking Water Community Project #2938 Subject Area: High-Quality Water Web Report TO: Awwa Research Foundation Subscribers RE: Enclosed report, Pesticide Degradates of Concern to the Drinking Water Community The objectives of this project were to develop a priority list of pesticides and their degradates and adjuvants of potential concern and identify related research priorities. To meet these objectives, the research team collated data on the occurrence, properties, persistence and toxicity of pesticide degradates and adjuvants in soils, waters, and treatment processes; and held a workshop to discuss prioritization approaches and research needs. The information generated from the literature review and workshop recommendations has been summarized in the enclosed report and was used to develop a priority list of pesticide degradates. General research needs in four key areas were also identified at the workshop and are included in the report. Due to the technical nature of this project, the results are being made available to both subscribers and the research community through this electronic version of the report on AwwaRF’s web site. ©2008 AwwaRF. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ©2008 AwwaRF. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Pesticide Degradates of Concern to the Drinking Water Community ©2008 AwwaRF. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED About the Awwa Research Foundation The Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF) is a member-supported, international, nonprofit organization that sponsors research to enable water utilities, public health agencies, and other professionals to provide safe and affordable drinking water to consumers. The Foundation’s mission is to advance the science of water to improve the quality of life. To achieve this mission, the Foundation sponsors studies on all aspects of drinking water, including supply and resources, treatment, monitoring and analysis, distribution, management, and health effects. -
A Checklist of the Aphyllophoroid Fungi (Basidiomycota) Recorded from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Posted date: September 2009 Summary published in MYCOTAXON 109: 439–442 A checklist of the aphyllophoroid fungi (Basidiomycota) recorded from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest JULIANO MARCON BALTAZAR & TATIANA BAPTISTA GIBERTONI [email protected], [email protected] Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Micologia Av. Nelson Chaves s/n, CEP 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil Abstract — The Atlantic Forest is one of the most diverse and threatened biomes of the world. A list with 733 species of aphyllophoroid fungi reported from the Brazilian Altantic Forest is presented based on an intensive search of literature records. These species are distributed in 219 genera and 47 families. Polyporaceae is the most highly represented family with 153 species; Phellinus is the genus with the highest number of species (42). Key words — Aphyllophorales, macrofungi, neotropics Introduction The Atlantic Forest is a unique series of South American rainforest ecosystems, which also includes other distinct vegetation types, such as mangroves and ‘restinga’ (Mittermeier et al. 2005). This biome is located along the Atlantic coast of Brazil and inland into parts of Argentine and Paraguay. It once covered an area of approximately 1,300,000 km2 (Pôrto et al. 2006), and it was present in 17 of the 27 states of Brazil. This rainforest is one of the most diverse regions and one of the most threatened environments of the world, since its area is now home to 67% of the Brazilian population and it is currently reduced to 7.26% of its original size, placing it among the five most important hotspots (Mittermeier 2005, SOS Mata Atlântica/INPE 2008). -
Environmental History & Basics of Environmental Statutes Steve Mason
Environmental History & Basics of Environmental Statutes Steve Mason 15th Annual OSC Readiness Training Program www.oscreadiness.org What is Environmental Law ? • Legal system of statutes, rules, guidelines, policies, and judicial/administrative interpretations addressing wide-ranging set of environmental issues and concerns • Minimizes, prevents, punishes, or remedies consequences of actions which damage or threaten environment, public health, and safety • Most environmental laws result from catastrophe 15th Annual OSC Readiness Training Program www.oscreadiness.org 1 Some Examples • EPCRA – Bhopal, India • CERCLA – Love Canal • CWA – Fires on the Cuyahuga River, Ohio • OPA – Exxon Valdez & Mega Borg • CAA Amendments (RMP) – Series of deadly explosions & releases in late ’80s 15th Annual OSC Readiness Training Program www.oscreadiness.org 2 It Can Get Confusing !!!!! 15th Annual OSC Readiness Training Program www.oscreadiness.org 3 Great Moments in History of Environmental Protection Decline of Roman Empire partly due to lead poisoning; used lead acetate to sweeten wine and turn pulp into sweet condiment; lead piping used to distribute water 1340s: Bubonic plague decimates Europe, creating first attempts to enforce public health and quarantine laws; cleanest residents executed for fear of intentionally spreading plague 15th Annual OSC Readiness Training Program www.oscreadiness.org 4 Great Moments in History of Environmental Protection 1589: Water closet invented by John Harington in England, but indifference to filth and -
Pesticide ER Course Agenda
Pesticide ER Course Agenda • Introduction and video • Pesticides and Fed/State Regulations • Human Impacts • Hazard Recognition • Case Study – Wildlife Baiting Investigation – Break 3:00 – 3:15 • Environmental Impacts • Case Study – 15 Mile Creek • Analysis, Treatment, T&D • Scenario Exercises • Course Closing and Evaluation – Out by 5:30pm Pesticides And Federal/State Regulations 2 3 4 Definitions The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) specifies: A pesticide is any substance or mixture intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any insect, rodent, nematode, fungi, or weeds or any other forms of life declared to be pests. (FIFRA) A pest is any form of plant or animal life or virus, bacteria, or other microorganism, except those on or in living man or animals. 5 CERCLA vs FIFRA “Mindset” OPP only EPA program that allows hazardous materials to be willfully introduced into the environment. CERCLA Response Normal Pesticide Application Hazardous substance, Released to environment pollutant/contaminant Will not cause unreasonable Release (or threat of ) harm to environment Pose health & environmental Discretionary threats Must protect Public Sampling guaranteed to find Health & Environment application Define nature/extent of problem-SAMPLE Residual expected—not waste Dispose of waste 6 Pesticide Classes Insecticide Miticide Herbicide Molluscicide Fungicide Slimicide Rodenticide Silvicide Nematicide Disinfectants Bactericide Homocide Predacide Fumigants Algicide Repellants -
Integrated Pest Management Plan for Bates School Wellesley, Massachusetts (#1 of 8 Wellesley Public Schools) 12/19/2001 OUTDOORS
Integrated Pest Management Plan for Bates School Wellesley, Massachusetts (#1 of 8 Wellesley Public Schools) 12/19/2001 OUTDOORS 1) General School Information Bates School 116 Elmood Rd Wellesley, MA 02482 781-446-6260 Prepared by Sarah Little Dec 19, 2001 2) IPM Coordinator Dana Cotto Director of Buildings and Grounds (of Schools) 781-446-6210 x4517 [email protected] 3) School IPM Committee Amber Bock Principal Ted McGlone Head Custodian Anne Prinn Director, Nursing Services (of Schools) Lenny Izzo Environmental Health Specialist (Health Dept) Janet Bowser Director, Wellesley Natural Resources Commission Judy Curby Assistant Director, Department of Public Works 4) School IPM Policy The School Board, the Health Department, the Department of Public Works, and the Natural Resource Commission recognize the potentially serious risks inherent in using chemical pesticides in the school environment. It therefore supports the implementation of a comprehensive Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program for all school buildings and grounds with the goal of controlling pests while preventing exposure of children to harmful pesticides. 1 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) will be defined as the coordinated use of physical, biological and cultural controls, and, in the face of a public health threat or substantial property damage, the use of least-toxic pest control chemicals. The goal of using IPM in Wellesley is to control pests without exposing people, property and the environment to harmful chemicals. Integrated Pest Management will be understood to involve the monitoring of pest populations, establishment of tolerance thresholds, modifications of habitats (to eliminate sources of food, water and harborage and entry), utilization of least-toxic controls, keeping of records and evaluation of performance on an ongoing basis. -
A Survey of Fungal Diversity in Northeast Ohio1
A Survey of Fungal Diversity in Northeast Ohio1 BRI'IT A. BUNYARD, Biology Department, Dauby Science Center, Ursuline College, Pepper Pike, OH 44124 ABSTRACT. Threats to our natural areas come from several sources; this problem is all too familiar in northeast Ohio. One of the goals of the Geauga County Park District is to protect high quality natural areas from rapidly encroaching development. One measure of an ecosystem's importance, as well as overall health, is in the biodiversity present. Furthermore, once the species diversity is assessed, this can be used to monitor the well-being of the ecosystem into the future. Currently, a paucity of information exists on the diversity of higher fungi in northern Ohio. The purpose of this two-year investigation was to inventory species of macrofungi present within The West Woods Park (Geauga Co., OH) and to evaluate overall diversity among different taxonomic groups of fungi present. Fruit bodies of Basidiomycetous and Ascomycetous fungi were collected weekly throughout the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons, identified using taxonomic keys, and photographed. At least 134 species from 30 families of Basidiomycetous fungi and at least 19 species from 11 families of Ascomycetous fungi were positively identified during this study. The results of this study were more extensive than from those of any previous survey in northeast Ohio. These findings point out the importance of The West Woods ecosystem to biodiversity of fungi in particular, possibly to overall biodiversity in general, and as an invaluable preserve for the northeast Ohio region. OHIO J SCI 103 (2):29-32, 2003 INTRODUCTION need for biodiversity assessment to evaluate the fates Fungi are among the most diverse groups of living of ever-decreasing natural habitats (Hawksworth 1991; organisms on earth, though inadequately studied world- National Research Council 1993; Cannon 1997; Rossman wide (Hawksworth 1991; Cannon 1997; Rossman and and Farr 1997). -
M U S H R O O
M U S Jack O’lantern H 7311 Highway 100 R Nashville, TN 37221 615-862-8555 [email protected] www.wpnc.nashville.gov O List compiled by Deb Beazley, 1986,1993,2003,2006,2009, 2018 Photographs by Deb Beazley O M Green Spored Lepiota S Of Warner Parks Common Split Gill MUSHROOMS OF THE WARNER PARKS 200) Arched Earthstar Geastrum fornicatum 201) Rounded Earthstar Geastrum saccatum ** Remember: The Park is a delicate natural area. All plants, animals, and fungi are strictly protected. Collecting of anything is prohibited. Stalked Puffballs: Order Tulostomatales 202) Buried-stalk Puffball Tulostoma simulans Kingdom: Fungus Phylum: Ascomycota - Spores formed inside sac-like cells called asci; (also contains yeasts, False Truffles: Order Hymenogastrales bread molds, and powdery mildews) 203) Yellow Blob False Truffle Alpova luteus (trappei) Class: Discomycetes - Asci line the exposed surface of the fruiting body Bird’s Nest Fungi: Order Nidulariales Cup Fungi: Order Pizizales 204) White-egg Bird’s Nest Crucibulum laeve 1) Scarlet Cup Sarcoscypha coccinea 205) Splash Cups Cyathus stercoreus 2) Stalked Scarlet Cup Sarcoscypa occidentalis 206) Striated Splash Cups Cyathus striatus 3) Burn Site Shield Cup Ascoblus carbonazius Rounded Earthstar 4) Crustlike Cup Rhizina undalata Stinkhorns: Order Phallales 5) Devil’s Urn Urnula craterium 207) Pitted White Stinkhorn Phallus impudicus 6) Eyelash Cup Scutellinia scutellata 208) Elegant Stinkhorn Mutinus elegans 7) Ribbed-stalked Cup Helvella acetabulum 209) Lantern Stinkhorn Lysurus mokusin 8) Yellow Morel Morchella esculenta 9) Hairy Rubber Cup Bulgaria rufa Smuts, Rusts, Blights, and Wilts 210) Cedar Apple Rust Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae Earth Tongues: Order Helotiales 211) Corn Smut Ustilago maydis 10) Velvety Earth Tongue Trichoglossum hirsutum 11) Purple Jelly Drops Ascocoryne sarcoides Class: Myxomycetes 12) Yellow Fairy Cups Bisporella citrina Yellow Morel 13) Fairy Fan Spathularia sp. -
NEMF MASTERLIST - Sorted by Taxonomy
NEMF MASTERLIST - Sorted by Taxonomy Sunday, April 24, 2011 Page 1 of 80 Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus and Species Amoebozoa Mycetomycota Protosteliomycetes Protosteliales Ceratiomyxaceae Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. fruticulosa Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. globosa Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa var. poroides Mycetozoa Myxogastrea Incertae Sedis in Myxogastrea Stemonitidaceae Brefeldia maxima Comatricha dictyospora Comatricha nigra Comatricha sp. Comatricha typhoides Lamproderma sp. Stemonitis axifera Stemonitis axifera, cf. Stemonitis fusca Stemonitis herbatica Stemonitis nigrescens Stemonitis smithii Stemonitis sp. Stemonitis splendens Fungus Ascomycota Ascomycetes Boliniales Boliniaceae Camarops petersii Capnodiales Capnodiaceae Capnodium tiliae Diaporthales Valsaceae Cryphonectria parasitica Valsaria peckii Elaphomycetales Elaphomycetaceae Elaphomyces granulatus Elaphomyces muricatus Elaphomyces sp. Erysiphales Erysiphaceae Erysiphe polygoni Microsphaera alni Microsphaera alphitoides Microsphaera penicillata Uncinula sp. Halosphaeriales Halosphaeriaceae Cerioporiopsis pannocintus Hysteriales Hysteriaceae Glonium stellatum Hysterium angustatum Micothyriales Microthyriaceae Microthyrium sp. Mycocaliciales Mycocaliciaceae Phaeocalicium polyporaeum Ostropales Graphidaceae Graphis scripta Stictidaceae Cryptodiscus sp. 1 Peltigerales Collemataceae Leptogium cyanescens Peltigeraceae Peltigera canina Peltigera evansiana Peltigera horizontalis Peltigera membranacea Peltigera praetextala Pertusariales Icmadophilaceae Dibaeis baeomyces Pezizales