sustainability Article Settlement and Recruitment Potential of Four Invasive and One Indigenous Barnacles in South Korea and Their Future Michael Dadole Ubagan 1,2,†, Yun-Sik Lee 1,3,† , Taekjun Lee 1 , Jinsol Hong 4 , Il Hoi Kim 1 and Sook Shin 1,3,*,† 1 Marine Biological Resources Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea;
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[email protected] (I.H.K.) 2 Department of Animal Biotechnology and Resource, College of Science and Technology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea 3 O-Jeong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea 4 Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
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[email protected]; Tel.: +85-02-3399-1717; Fax: +85-02-3399-1762 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Invasion by nonindigenous species is a major threat to marine ecosystems. In this study, the distribution and occupied area (as a percentage) of four invasive barnacles (Amphibalanus am- phitrite, Amphibalanus eburneus, Amphibalanus improvisus, Perforatus perforatus), and one indigenous (Balanus trigonus) barnacle in 13 ports in three Korean seas (East sea, Korea Strait, and Yellow Sea) were investigated. The average ratio for all five species was 11.17% in summer and 7.59% in winter, indicating a higher occupancy in summer. B. trigonus, which is an indigenous species, was found on all ports, except for one (IC). Of the invasive species, A. amphitrite was found mainly in the Yellow Sea, A. improvisus in the Korea Strait, and A.