DOCSLIB.ORG

Mining for Gold

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mining for Gold !"#"#$%&'(%)'*+% !"#$%&'(")%*%+,"-,."/012+$-(%+,"%,(+"('3"/**3,(%-2"4-(5$3"-,."65$1+*3"+7"('3"#'%88'5,%" 9-,&'-"%,"('3"!,:%3,(";30(*"-,."<%=3*"+7"('3"4+>23"?,3*"-,."#$+5&'("(+"<%73"" ('$+5&'"<%=%,&"('3"65$3"-,."63$73:(3."@+2A"<%73"%,"('3"B+.3$,"C+$2." ,-%.--/%0/12//*'3/%42"3325#"% % % % 6#1('+571"'#% % C'3,"D3.%(-(%,&"+,"('%*"1-13$">37+$3">3&%,,%,&"%(E"F"*3("DA"%,(3,(%+,*"7+$"('3"7527%22D3,("+7" WKHSXUSRVHRIWKH%XGGKD·V6DVDQD³+5$"7$33.+D"7$+D"*5773$%,&"-,."('3"G327-$3"+7"-22" 2%=%,&">3%,&*H"";'3!"#$#%%&E"+$"%D-&3E"('-(":-D3"(+"D%,."G-*"+7"'&(&³('3"'3-$(G++.E"+$" 3**3,:3H""" " F"$3D3D>3$3."DA"+G,"%,*1%$-(%+,"(+"5,.3$(-83">'%88'5,%"2%73":-D3"G'3,"$3-.%,&"('%*" SKUDVHLQWKH3DOL7H[W6RFLHW\·V"($-,*2-(%+,"+7"('3")*#++*,"#!-#.*&"/&I"´$EKLNNKXQLLV 8998#1"/*:µ%;"";'3"#5..'D·VWHDFKLQJDQDORJLHVRIKHDUWZRRGJ"-,."$37%,%,&"&+2.K"-$3"2-D1*" ('-("%225*($-(3"('3"D3-,%,&"-,."&+-2"-*"G322"-*"('3"D3-,*"+7"('3"1$-:(%:3H""L+,*52(%,&"G%('"-," 32.3$"B-'-('3$-"D3,(+$"+7"D%,3"%,"('3"#'%88'5"9-,&'-"+,"G'-("G+52.">3"5*3752"(+"1$3*3,(" (+"('3"M%$*("N2+>-2"L+,&$3**"+,"#5..'%*("C+PHQKHUHSHDWHGWKUHHWLPHV´PLQLQJIRU &+2.µO";'5*E"('3"(%(23"-,."('3D3"+7"('%*"1-13$"-113-$3.H" " ,QODWHUUHIOHFWLRQ,UHDOL]HGWKDW´6DUDµ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´'KDPPD PHVVHQJHUVµ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·V"Q'-DD-S)%,-A-E" >'%88'5,%"+$.%,-(%+,E"G%22"3,->23"('%*",+>23"15$1+*3H""7KH%XGGKD·VDQVZHULVFOHDUO\ -77%$D-(%=3H"";'%*"%*"('3">-*%*"+7"+5$"%,(3,(H" ;'3"3,(%$3"Q+:($%,3"-,."Q%*:%12%,3E">+('"Q'-DD-"-,.")%,-A-E"$3=+2=3"-$+5,."-,."-$3" $%&'(2A"D3-,("(+">3"*8%22752"D3-,*"-,."-"1$-:(%:-2"1-('"(+"7-:%2%(-(3"('%*"+,3"3**3,(%-2"15$1+*3H""" ;'%*"'-*">33,".3*:$%>3."-*"('3"+=3$-$:'%,&"+13$-(%,&"1$%,:%123"+7"('3"#5..'-·V9-*-,-E"+7" '%*"Q'-DD-E"DQGRIKLV6DQJKD:HNHHSWKH%XGGKD·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·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·VGLUHF(%+,"(+"('3"-*1%$%,&"G+D3,"G'+"'-."&+,3"7+$('E"-*"$3:+$.3."%,"('3"6-2%"(30(*E" G-*I" ´*RWDPL-*"('3">'%88'5*"($-%,"('3DVHOYHVVRVKRXOG\RXWUDLQ\RXUVHOYHVµ^""!52,3&4&//&6! @%*(+$%-,*"'-=3"12-:3."('3"7+5,.-(%+,"+7"('3"#'%88'5,%"9-,&'-E"-::+$.%,&"(+"('3"*(+$A"+7" ('3"+$.%,-(%+,"+7"B-'-1-\-1-(%"N+(-D%"30:3$1(3."->+=3E"-("*%0"A3-$*"IROORZLQJWKH%XGGKD·V 7%$*("(3-:'%,&H_"";'3"7+$D-(%+,"+7"('3"7%$*("1$3:31("+7"('3")%,-A-E"('3"3012%:-(%+,"+7"G'%:'"%*" 30:3$1(3.".%$3:(2A">32+GE"%*"&3,3$-22A"*-%."%,";'3$-=-.-,"#5..'%*("(3-:'%,&"(+">3".-(3." (G3,(A"A3-$*"-7(3$"('3"/,2%&'(3,D3,(H""! ,QWKH3DOL9LQD\D·V7,%%&!-#.*&"/&E"('3"=3$A"7%$*("SUHFHSW·VGHILQLWLRQRIDEKLNNKXQL RUD >'%88'5R"2%*(*"('3"=-$%+5*":+,*(%(53,("7-:(+$*"('-("D-83"+,3"-"#5..'%*("D+,-*(%:E">3&%,,%,&" G%('"('3",-D3E"7+$DE"-,."2%=32%'++."+7"-"D3,.%:-,(E"('-("%*E"´*'3"%*":-223."-">'%88'5,%" >3:-5*3"*'3"%*"-"'&$&"&"G'+"G3-$*"1-(:'G+$8"$+>3*"-,."2%=3*".313,.3,("51+,"-2D*Hµ"";'3,E" -D+,&*("('3"3-$2A"(A13*"+7"+$.%,-(%+,"2%*(3.E"G3"7%,."('3"8*#!.*#++*,"#9E"('3">'%88'5,%*" +$.-%,3.">A"WKH´FRPHEKLNNKXQLµRUGLQDWLRQ"-,."('3"%#*#!'&(&"&/&$&"8*#!.*#++*,"#E"('3" >'%88'5,%*"+$.-%,3."('$+5&'"&+%,&"7+$"('3"('$33"$375&3*H""430("G3"7%,."('3".*&1(&!.*#++*,"#'" -,."'&(&!.*#++*,"#'WKRVHEKLNNKXQLVZKRDUH´H[FHOOHQWµDQGZKRDUH´HVVHQWLDOµ ZKRKDYH $3-2%V3."('3"3**3,:3"+$"('3"'3-$(G++.RH"";'3$3"-$3"('+*3"*(%22"%,"´($-%,%,&Eµ"('3"'8+*&! .*#++*,"#'`"-,."('+*3"´>3A+,."($-%,%,&Eµ"('3"&'8+*&!.*#++*,"#'H""!("('3"3,.E"G3"7%,."('3"7%,-2" IRUPRIRUGLQDWLRQIRUEKLNNKXQLVLQWKH%XGGKD·VOLIHWLPHWKHEKLNNKXQLVZKRDUHVXFKE\ '-=%,&">33,"´+$.-%,3.">A">+('"9-,&'-*"%,"5,%*+,"('$+5&'"('3"5,*'-8->23"-,."7522A"=-2%."-:(" +7"-"D+(%+,"G%('"('$33"1$+,+5,:3D3,(*Hµ""" ;'3"#5..'-"'%D*327"-77%$D3."('-("'%*"9-*-,-"+7"7+5$"-**3D>2%3*">3:-D3":+D123(3"G%('"('3" 3*(->2%*'D3,("+7"('3"#'%88'5,%"9-,&'-E"-*"%("'-*"-2*+">33,"7+$"('3"#5..'-*"+7"('3"1-*(H""!*" -77%$D3.">A"('+5*-,.*"+7"#5..'%*("D+,8*"-$+5,."('3"G+$2."3-:'".-A"$3:%(%,&"('3":&%&"&! 7,%%&"(+"3D1+G3$"('3%$";&(#%%&">23**%,&":'-,(*"-,."%,*1%$3"('3%$"D3.%(-(%+,*I"<1&$!;#!7&"/*8! (&%&"&$!;&"#%&$=!8%8"&!'&>>8"&!',4&%%*#!*?%,´,QWKH6DQJKDLVWKLVSUHFLRXVMHZHOE\WKLVWUX('" D-A"('3$3">3"G322SEHLQJµ" ;'3"7+$D*"+7"+$.%,-(%+,"->+=3"-$3".%*(%,:(%=3"-,."%D1+$(-,(E"*'+G%,&"('-(">+('"('3"#5..'-" '%D*327"-,."('3"9-,&'-"-*"&5%.3.">A"'%DE"5*3."7230%>%2%(A"%,"D3('+."5,.3$"=-$A%,&" :%$:5D*(-,:3*Hab""?$.-%,3.">A"G'-(3=3$"=-2%."D3('+.E"%("%*"('3"'&(&!.*#++*,'"-,."'&(&! .*#++*,"#'"('-("-$3"('3*3"3**3,(%-2"\3G32*"->+=3`"('%*"($3-*5$3E"('3"5,*5$1-**3."7%32."+7"D3$%(" 7+$"('3"G+$2.H""" 3 M+$"D+$3"('-,"(G3,(AS7%=3":3,(5$%3*"('3"D+,-*(%:"9-,&'-"('-("'-*">33,"('3"83313$"+7"('%*" 3**3,:3³"('3"1$-:(%(%+,3$*E"('3"8,+G3$*E"-,."('3"(3-:'3$*"+7"('3"1%('E"('3"'3-$("+7"('3" #5..'-·VWHDFKLQJDQGHQOLJKWHQPHQW8QERUQDQG8,.A%,&H""!2('+5&'"('3$3"-$3"D-,A" 323D3,(*E"('3"&+2."%*"*(%22"$-.%-,("-,.".%*:3$,->23H"";'3"D-\+$%(A"+7"('3"C3*(3$,"#5..'%*(" D+,-*(%:*"('-("F"8,+GE"DA*327"%,:25.3.E"G3$3"%,"7-:("%,*1%$3."(+"D+,-*(%:"2%73">A"('3"7+$('" 184&1,%&"RU´GLYLQHPHVVHQJHUEµ"('3"=%*%+,"+7"-,"%,*1%$%,&"D+,-*(%:H""" :LWKWKHVSUHDGRIWKHOD\ZRPHQ·VOLEHUDWLRQPRYHPHQWLQRXUPRGHUQZRUOGHYHQLIWKHUH '-.",3=3$">33,">'%88'5,%"!$-'-,(-*E",+$"=3$*3*"+7"('3";'3$%&-('-"%,"G'%:'"G+D3,"*%,&" ('3%$"*+,&*"+7"7$33.+DE",+$"-,A"&$3-(3*("G+D-,".%*:%123*"+7"('3"#5..'-E",+$"-77%$D-(%+,*" 7$+D"('3"#5..'-"'%D*327"+7"'%*"9-*-,-">3%,&":+D123(3"G%('">'%88'5,%*E"*(%22"G+D3,"+7" (+.-A"D%&'("-*1%$3"(+"+$.-%,E"-*"%,"+('3$"7-%('"($-.%(%+,*H""#5("#5..'%*DE"7$+D"%(*">3&%,,%,&*E" %*",+("*5:'"-">3$37("($-.%(%+,aa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³>+('"D3,"-,."G+D3,³-G-%(%,&"&++.":+,.%(%+,*E"G-(3$%,&E",+5$%*'%,&E"-,." :52(%=-(%+,H"" " C/#$2/#599/1"D%>878"E"#$%128%F"#8/$8% " F,"DA"(%D3"($-%,%,&"G%('"('3"#'%88'5,%"9-,&'-"%,"9+5('"c+$3-E"-*"1-$("+7"+5$"('$%:3S.-%2A" FKDQWLQJZHUHFROOHFWHGDQGFKDQWHGRXUKRPDJHWRWKH´7HQ*UHDW'LVF%123*µaJ"-*" 7&"/*&",''&%#@!WKHPHGLWDWLRQNQRZQDV´5HFROOHFWLRQRIWKH6DQJKDHµ,QIDFWWKH%XGGKD '%D*327"$3:+DD3,.3."('-("'%*"D+,-*(%:*"1$-:(%:3"*5:'"9-,&'-,5**-(%".-%2AH""d3*3-$:'"%,(+" ('3"%.3,(%(A"+7"('3"(3,"&$3-(".%*:%123*"23."D3"(+".%*:+=3$"('-("-("+,3"1+%,("%,"('3"#5..'-U*"
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chulalongkorn University Sustainability Report 2013-2014
    Chulalongkorn University Sustainability Report 2013-2014 Based on ISCN-GULF Sustainable Campus Charter Contact Information Assoc.Prof. Boonchai Stitmannaithum, D.Eng. Vice President for Physical Resources Management Chulalongkorn University 254 Phaya Thai Road, Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 THAILAND E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 02-218-3341 Table of Contents President's Statement 2 Introduction 6 About Chulalongkorn University 8 Sustainability at Chulalongkorn University 12 Principle 1 – Sustainability Performance of Buildings on Campus 15 Principle 2 – Campus-Wide Master Planning and Target Setting 23 Principle 3 – Integration of Facilities, Research and Education 32 Appendix A: Academic Programs with the Focus on Sustainability and Environment 36 Appendix B: Example of Courses with the Focus on Sustainability 37 Appendix C: Research Center and Initiatives on Sustainability and Environment 39 Appendix D: Related Activities, Projects and Programs on sustainability 42 Appendix E: Chemical Consumed by UN Class 2013-2014 44 Appendix F: Chulalongkorn University Chemical Waste Management Flow Chart 45 Appendix G: Faculty and Researcher Data 2013-2014 46 Appendix H: Student Data 2013-2014 47 President's Statement In recent years, "sustainability" has become the term whose meaning is critical to the development of Chulalongkorn University. From a segregated sustainable operation in the beginning stage that only focused on one operational area at one time, nowadays, Chulalongkorn University lays emphasis on an integrated sustainable operation concept which is not solely limited to energy and environment, but also to the understanding of interconnections between society, technology, culture, and the viability of future campus development. In 2014, many sustainable projects and programs were initiated.
    [Show full text]
  • Gerontocracy of the Buddhist Monastic Administration in Thailand
    Simulacra | ISSN: 2622-6952 (Print), 2656-8721 (Online) https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/simulacra Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2021 Page 43–56 Gerontocracy of the Buddhist monastic administration in Thailand Jesada Buaban1* 1 Indonesian Consortium for Religious Studies, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia * Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/sml.v4i1.9880 Article Info Abstract Keywords: This paper examines the monastic administration in Thai Buddhism, dhamma studies which is ruled by the senior monks and supported by the government. It aims to answer two questions; (1) why the Sangha’s administration has gerontocracy been designed to serve the bureaucratic system that monks abandon social Sangha Council and political justices, and (2) how the monastic education curriculum are secularism designed to support such a conservative system. Ethnographic methodology Thai Buddhism was conducted and collected data were analyzed through the concept of gerontocracy. It found that (1) Thai Buddhism gains supports from the government much more than other religions. Parallel with the state’s bureaucratic system, the hierarchical conservative council contains the elderly monks. Those committee members choose to respond to the government policy in order to maintain supports rather than to raise social issues; (2) gerontocracy is also facilitated by the idea of Theravada itself. In both theory and practice, the charismatic leader should be the old one, implying the condition of being less sexual feeling, hatred, and ignorance. Based on this criterion, the moral leader is more desirable than the intelligent. The concept of “merits from previous lives” is reinterpreted and reproduced to pave the way for the non-democratic system.
    [Show full text]
  • Discourses of Ethno-Nationalism and Religious Fundamentalism
    DISCOURSES OF ETHNO-NATIONALISM AND RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM SRI LANKAN DISCOURSES OF ETHNO-NATIONALISM AND RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM By MYRA SIVALOGANATHAN, B.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University © Copyright by Myra Sivaloganathan, June 2017 M.A. Thesis – Myra Sivaloganathan; McMaster University – Religious Studies. McMaster University MASTER OF ARTS (2017) Hamilton, Ontario (Religious Studies) TITLE: Sri Lankan Discourses of Ethno-Nationalism and Religious Fundamentalism AUTHOR: Myra Sivaloganathan, B.A. (McGill University) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Mark Rowe NUMBER OF PAGES: v, 91 ii M.A. Thesis – Myra Sivaloganathan; McMaster University – Religious Studies. Abstract In this thesis, I argue that discourses of victimhood, victory, and xenophobia underpin both Sinhalese and Tamil nationalist and religious fundamentalist movements. Ethnic discourse has allowed citizens to affirm collective ideals in the face of disparate experiences, reclaim power and autonomy in contexts of fundamental instability, but has also deepened ethnic divides in the post-war era. In the first chapter, I argue that mutually exclusive narratives of victimhood lie at the root of ethnic solitudes, and provide barriers to mechanisms of transitional justice and memorialization. The second chapter includes an analysis of the politicization of mythic figures and events from the Rāmāyaṇa and Mahāvaṃsa in nationalist discourses of victory, supremacy, and legacy. Finally, in the third chapter, I explore the Liberation Tiger of Tamil Eelam’s (LTTE) rhetoric and symbolism, and contend that a xenophobic discourse of terrorism has been imposed and transferred from Tamil to Muslim minorities. Ultimately, these discourses prevent Sri Lankans from embracing a multi-ethnic and multi- religious nationality, and hinder efforts at transitional justice.
    [Show full text]
  • Maha Oya Road. 25 Kms SW of Batticaloa
    31 Piyangala AS. Rājagalatenna 32068. Near Mayadunna, near Bakiella. North of Uhana, midway along the Amapara - Maha Oya road. 25 kms SW of Batticaloa. Large forest area (1 square mile) bordering a wildlife sanctuary and the extensive ancient Rājagala monastery ruins situated on top of the mountain. Some caves. There is an army camp near the place due to its proximity to LTTE areas. Two monks. The place is supposed to be quite nice. Affiliated to Galdūwa. Veheragala A. Maha Oya. Midway on the Mahiyangana -Batticaloa Road. Ancient cave monastery on a hill 1 km from the Maha Oya hot springs. This used to be an arañña built by Ven. Ambalampitiya Rāhula (the founder of Bowalawatta A.), but it was abandoned after a hurricane destroyed the buildings 15 or so years ago. No monks at present, but there are 4 caves kuñis which are inhabitable and can be repaired. Supposed to be a nice place. Jaffna District. Dambakolapatuna. Keerimalai, Kankasanture. One or two kuñis in quiet dune area near the beach, close to the Navy base to which the kuñi is connected. It is possible to go on piõóapāta in nearby villages. This is supposedly the place where the Sri Mahā Bodhi arrived in Sri Lanka. 30 Mahasudharshana AS. Gadugodawāwa, Pahala-oya-gama, Ūraniya. (Between Mahiyangana and Bibile). Affiliated to Waturawila. Polonaruwa District. The second ancient capital of Sri Lanka. There are quite a few ancient monasteries on the hills and rocks in this area. Hot climate with dry season. Low country with some hills and rock-outcrops. Some large national parks.
    [Show full text]
  • The No-Self Theory: Hume, Buddhism, and Personal Identity Author(S): James Giles Reviewed Work(S): Source: Philosophy East and West, Vol
    The No-Self Theory: Hume, Buddhism, and Personal Identity Author(s): James Giles Reviewed work(s): Source: Philosophy East and West, Vol. 43, No. 2 (Apr., 1993), pp. 175-200 Published by: University of Hawai'i Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1399612 . Accessed: 20/08/2012 03:38 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. University of Hawai'i Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Philosophy East and West. http://www.jstor.org THE NO-SELF THEORY: HUME, BUDDHISM, AND JamesGiles PERSONAL IDENTITY The problem of personal identity is often said to be one of accounting for Lecturerin Philosophy what it is that gives persons their identity over time. However, once the and Psychologyat Folkeuniversitetet problem has been construed in these terms, it is plain that too much has Aalborg,Denmark already been assumed. For what has been assumed is just that persons do have an identity. To the philosophers who approach the problem with this supposition already accepted, the possibility that there may be no such thing as personal identity is scarcely conceived. As a result, the more fundamental question-whether or not personal identity exists in the first place-remains unasked.
    [Show full text]
  • Open to the Public! a New Network of Communal Recreational Waterfront Space in Bangkok
    Open to the Public! A New Network of Communal Recreational Waterfront Space in Bangkok by Apichart Srirojanapinyo Bachelor of Architecture Chulalongkorn University, 2003 Submitted to the Department of Architecture in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Architecture Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 2009 © 2009 Apichart Srirojanapinyo. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. Signature of Author……………………………………………………………………………………………… Apichart Srirojanapinyo Department of Architecture May 21, 2009 Certified by………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Stanford Anderson Professor of History and Architecture Thesis Supervisor Accepted by………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Julian Beinart Professor of Architecture Chair of the Department Committee on Graduate Students 1 List of thesis committees Thesis Advisor: Stanford Anderson Title: Professor of History and Architecture Thesis Reader: Robert Cowherd Title: Associate Professor of Architecture 2 Open to the Public! A New Network of Communal Recreational Waterfront Space in Bangkok by Apichart Srirojanapinyo Submitted to the Department of Architecture on May 21, 2009. in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Architecture Studies Abstract Physically and historically, Bangkok has been shaped by its relationship to its waterfront. Flowing 370 kilometers through Thailand, the Chao Phraya River is more than the nation’s lifeline. It was a principal waterway that largely determined the expansion of this former agricultural city. With the advent of industrialization, the focus shifted to the establishment and consolidation of man- made infrastructures such as roads and highways, leaving the waterfronts as large areas of underused land, deteriorated ports, warehouses, and informal settlements.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Buddhist Philosophy
    A HISTORY OF B U D D H IS T P H ILO S O P H Y Continuities and Discontinuities * DAVID J. KALUPAHANA A HISTORY OF BUDDHIST PHILOSOPHY Continuities and Discontinuities David J. Kalupahana MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PRIVATE LIMITED • DELHI Reprint: Delhi, 2006 First Indian Edition: Delhi, 1994 © 1992 University of Hawaii Press First Published by the University of Hawaii Press, 1992 ISBN: 81-208-1191-7 MOTILAL BANARSIDASS 41 U A Bungalow Road, Jawahar Nagar, Delhi 110 007 8 Mahalaxmi Chamber, 22 Bhulabhai Desai Road, Mumbai 400 026 236, 9th Main III Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560 011 203 Royapettah High Road, Mylapore, Chennai 600 004 Sanas Plaza, 1302 Baji Rao Road, Pune 411 002 8 Camac Street, Kolkata 700 017 Ashok Rajpath, Patna 800 004 Chowk, Varanasi 221 001 For sale in India only Printed in India BY JAINENDRA PRAKASH JAIN AT SHR1JAINENDRA PRESS, A-45 NARAINA, PHASER, NEW DELHI 110 028 AND PUBLISHED BYNARENDRA PRAKASH JAIN FOR MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PRIVATE LIMITED, BUNGALOW ROAD, DELHI -110 007 This work, completed three days before an accident that left our youngest son, Milinda, paralyzed, is dedicated to our friends and well-wishers, at home and abroad, especially my colleagues Eliot Deutsch and Larry Laudan, whose gracious support lessened the trauma for both Milinda and the family. CONTENTS Introduction ix Abbreviations xv Part One: Early Buddhism I Indian Philosophy and the Search for Ultimate Objectivity 3 II Life of the Buddha 22 III Knowledge and Understanding 30 IV Experience and Theory (Paficcasamuppana and Pa(iccasamuppclda)
    [Show full text]
  • Official Chulalongkorn University Announcement on Admission Process
    Announcement from Chulalongkorn University Admission to the Bachelor of Arts in Economics (International Program) Faculty of Economics For the Academic Year 2021 (Admission - Second Round) ----------------------------------------------------- The Chulalongkorn University has authorized the Bachelor of Arts in Economics (International Program), Faculty of Economics, to select applicants for the Academic Year 2021 (Admission). 1. Qualification of Applicants Applicants must have completed or presently be enrolled in their final year of high school, or the equivalent. 1.1. Applicants must submit all of the following three required documents and meet all three requirements. 1.1.1. Transcript of high school or the equivalent with a minimum GPAX of 2.75 1.1.2. One of the following English proficiency test scores: IELTS with a minimum band of 6.0 or TOEFL (Internet Based) with a minimum score of 79 or CU-TEP with a minimum score of 79 or CU-AAT (Verbal) with a minimum score of 400 or SAT (Evidence-Based Reading and Writing) with a minimum score of 450 1.1.3. One of the following Mathematics test scores: CU-AAT (Math) with a minimum score of 600 or SAT (Math) with a minimum score of 650 or SAT Subject (Math Level II) with a minimum score of 650 or IB (Math HL) with a minimum score of 6 or A-Level (Math) with a minimum grade of B Applicants who wish to apply by using CU-AAT (Verbal) and CU-AAT (Math) or SAT (Evidence- Based Reading & Writing) and SAT (Math) must submit the scores of both parts from the same test occasion.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhism and Responses to Disability, Mental Disorders and Deafness in Asia
    Buddhism and Responses to Disability, Mental Disorders and Deafness in Asia. A bibliography of historical and modern texts with introduction and partial annotation, and some echoes in Western countries. [This annotated bibliography of 220 items suggests the range and major themes of how Buddhism and people influenced by Buddhism have responded to disability in Asia through two millennia, with cultural background. Titles of the materials may be skimmed through in an hour, or the titles and annotations read in a day. The works listed might take half a year to find and read.] M. Miles (compiler and annotator) West Midlands, UK. November 2013 Available at: http://www.independentliving.org/miles2014a and http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/bibliography/buddhism/index.php Some terms used in this bibliography Buddhist terms and people. Buddhism, Bouddhisme, Buddhismus, suffering, compassion, caring response, loving kindness, dharma, dukkha, evil, heaven, hell, ignorance, impermanence, kamma, karma, karuna, metta, noble truths, eightfold path, rebirth, reincarnation, soul, spirit, spirituality, transcendent, self, attachment, clinging, delusion, grasping, buddha, bodhisatta, nirvana; bhikkhu, bhikksu, bhikkhuni, samgha, sangha, monastery, refuge, sutra, sutta, bonze, friar, biwa hoshi, priest, monk, nun, alms, begging; healing, therapy, mindfulness, meditation, Gautama, Gotama, Maitreya, Shakyamuni, Siddhartha, Tathagata, Amida, Amita, Amitabha, Atisha, Avalokiteshvara, Guanyin, Kannon, Kuan-yin, Kukai, Samantabhadra, Santideva, Asoka, Bhaddiya, Khujjuttara,
    [Show full text]
  • Studies in Central & East Asian Religions Volume 9 1996
    Studies in Central & East Asian Religions Volume 9 1996 CONTENTS Articles Xu WENKAN: The Tokharians and Buddhism……………………………………………... 1 Peter SCHWEIGER: Schwarze Magie im tibetischen Buddhismus…………………….… 18 Franz-Karl EHRHARD: Political and Ritual Aspects of the Search for Himalayan Sacred Lands………………………………………………………………………………. 37 Gabrielle GOLDFUβ: Binding Sūtras and Modernity: The Life and Times of the Chinese Layman Yang Wenhui (1837–1911)………………………………………………. 54 Review Article Hubert DECLEER: Tibetan “Musical Offerings” (Mchod-rol): The Indispensable Guide... 75 Forum Lucia DOLCE: Esoteric Patterns in Nichiren’s Thought…………………………………. 89 Boudewijn WALRAVEN: The Rediscovery of Uisang’s Ch’udonggi…………………… 95 Per K. SØRENSEN: The Classification and Depositing of Books and Scriptures Kept in the National Library of Bhutan……………………………………………………….. 98 Henrik H. SØRENSEN: Seminar on the Zhiyi’s Mohe zhiguan in Leiden……………… 104 Reviews Schuyler Jones: Tibetan Nomads: Environment, Pastoral Economy and Material Culture (Per K. Sørensen)…………………………………………………………………. 106 [Ngag-dbang skal-ldan rgya-mtsho:] Shel dkar chos ’byung. History of the “White Crystal”. Religion and Politics of Southern La-stod. Translated by Pasang Wangdu and Hildegard Diemberger (Per K. Sørensen)………………………………………… 108 Blondeau, Anne-Marie and Steinkellner, Ernst (eds.): Reflections of the Mountains. Essays on the History and Social Meaning of the Cult in Tibet and the Himalayas (Per K. Sørensen)…………………………………………………………………………. 110 Wisdom of Buddha: The Saṃdhinirmocana Mahāyāna Sūtra (Essential Questions and Direct Answers for Realizing Enlightenment). Transl. by John Powers (Henrik H. Sørensen)………………………………………………. 112 Japanese Popular Deities in Prints and Paintings: A Catalogue of the Exhibition (Henrik H. Sørensen)…………………………………………………………………………. 113 Stephen F. Teiser, The Scripture on the Ten Kings and the Making of Purgatory in Medieval Chinese Buddhism (Henrik H.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Patrons, Tāmraparṇīya Monks, and the Buddha's Awakening in 5Th
    A Tide of Merit: Royal Patrons, Tāmraparṇīya monks, and the Buddha’s Awakening in 5th–6th century Āndhradeśa Vincent Tournier To cite this version: Vincent Tournier. A Tide of Merit: Royal Patrons, Tāmraparṇīya monks, and the Buddha’s Awak- ening in 5th–6th century Āndhradeśa. Indo-Iranian Journal, Brill Academic Publishers, 2018, 61 (1), pp.20-96. 10.1163/15728536-06101003. halshs-02436883 HAL Id: halshs-02436883 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02436883 Submitted on 13 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Indo-Iranian Journal 61 (2018) 20–96 brill.com/iij A Tide of Merit Royal Donors, Tāmraparṇīya Monks, and the Buddha’s Awakening in 5th–6th-Century Āndhradeśa Vincent Tournier* École française d’Extrême-Orient [email protected] … For Richard Salomon ∵ Abstract Stressing the importance of 5th–6th-century copper-plate charters connected to the Viṣṇukuṇḍin dynasty for the history of Buddhism in Āndhradeśa, this article demon- strates that, contrary to earlier scholarly assumptions, and despite the paucity of arche- ological evidence for Buddhist activity at that time, Buddhist lineages still benefitted from lavish donations by ruling families.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington Buddhist Vihara Winter2008
    Quarterly Newsletter of the Washington Buddhist Vihara Winter2008 -Dedication- This issue of The Washington Buddhist is dedicated to commemorate Arahant Sanghamitta, whose day we celebrated on Sunday March 23, 2008. When Emperor Asoka (3rd Century B.C.) was crown prince, he married a beautiful princess and had two children: Prince Mahinda and Princess Sanghamitta. Both of these royal children joined the Sangha. Emperor Asoka sent his own son, Ven. Mahinda, as a missionary to Sri Lanka, where his mission was very successful. Among his new converts was Princess Anula (Sotapanna) who requested ordination. Ven. Mahinda sent for his sister, Ven.Sanghamitta. King Asoka cordially sent Ven. Sanghamitta with ten other learned bhikkhunis to give ordination to the Sri Lankan princess and her retinue. Ven.Sanghamitta is considered the first bhikkhuni to carry the ordination lineage to Sri Lanka, where the lineage was well established. In 433 A.D. the Sri Lankan lineage went to establish the bhikkhuni lineage in China; this lineage has been kept alive up to present. History tells us that Ven. Sanghamitta carried a branch taken from the south side of the Bodhi tree, the tree under which the Buddha achieved enlightenment, to Sri Lanka. This tree has the longest recorded history of any tree in the world. The Bodhi tree can still be seen in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka today, and is one of the most valued and respected Buddhist treasures. 2 N E W S The L E T T E R Vol. 40. Issue 1. Spring 2008 Table of Contents The Washington Buddhist Dedication 2 The Washington Buddhist is Table of Contents 3 published bi-annually at the Vihara Schedule 4 Washington Buddhist Vihara, 5017 Notes and News 5 16th St., NW, Washington, DC Silence in Buddhism 20011,Vihara U.S.A.
    [Show full text]