Unleashing the Power of Praying in the Spirit!
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Is Hip Hop Dead?
IS HIP HOP DEAD? IS HIP HOP DEAD? THE PAST,PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF AMERICA’S MOST WANTED MUSIC Mickey Hess Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hess, Mickey, 1975- Is hip hop dead? : the past, present, and future of America’s most wanted music / Mickey Hess. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-275-99461-7 (alk. paper) 1. Rap (Music)—History and criticism. I. Title. ML3531H47 2007 782.421649—dc22 2007020658 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright C 2007 by Mickey Hess All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007020658 ISBN-13: 978-0-275-99461-7 ISBN-10: 0-275-99461-9 First published in 2007 Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.praeger.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii INTRODUCTION 1 1THE RAP CAREER 13 2THE RAP LIFE 43 3THE RAP PERSONA 69 4SAMPLING AND STEALING 89 5WHITE RAPPERS 109 6HIP HOP,WHITENESS, AND PARODY 135 CONCLUSION 159 NOTES 167 BIBLIOGRAPHY 179 INDEX 187 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The support of a Rider University Summer Fellowship helped me com- plete this book. I want to thank my colleagues in the Rider University English Department for their support of my work. -
Bambauer-Macro-V2-Nov 28.Docx (Do Not Delete) 12/12/14 6:26 Pm
BAMBAUER-MACRO-V2-NOV 28.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 12/12/14 6:26 PM FOXES AND HEDGEHOGS IN TRANSITION DEREK E. BAMBAUER* INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 I. A FLATTER NETWORK ........................................................................... 2 II. UNIVERSAL SERVICE? .......................................................................... 7 III. THE CAST OF CHARACTERS .............................................................. 10 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................... 16 INTRODUCTION The migration from a congeries of communications protocols and technologies to an Internet Protocol-based system is an architectural shift of profound magnitude: it is as though people returned to the city of Babel, abandoning their native tongues for a single lingua franca. Perhaps, after this shift, nothing will be restrained from those who use the Internet.1 And yet, there will inevitably be problems that arise from the shift. Scholars and activists have already raised concerns about equal access to communications capabilities; about the security and resiliency of the new architecture; and about the tension between competing speech interests on the network. One way of thinking about these problems, and potential solutions, is to classify them as either hedgehogs or foxes. The British philosopher Isaiah Berlin suggested that intellectuals can be classified into these two camps, puckishly borrowing from the Greek -
Glossolalia: Divine Speech Or Man-Made Language? a Psychological Analysis of the Gift of Speaking in Tongues in the Pentecostal Churches in Botswana
GLOSSOLALIA: DIVINE SPEECH OR MAN-MADE LANGUAGE? A PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE GIFT OF SPEAKING IN TONGUES IN THE PENTECOSTAL CHURCHES IN BOTswaNA James N Amanze and Tino Shanduka Department of Theology and Religious Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Botswana [email protected] ABSTRACT Glossolalia is a very important element in the life of Pentecostal Churches and is at the centre of their spirituality. This paper examines the gift of speaking in tongues from a psychological perspective in order to find out what psychologists say about this very important gift of the Holy Spirit. The paper begins by looking at the history of speaking in tongues in the Church from the day of Pentecost and how it has become the symbol of God’s presence in the life of believers in Pentecostal Churches in Botswana today. The paper interrogates glossolalia on whether it is divine language or human language spoken by people who are emotionally charged. This research was undertaken in order to understand glossolalia better, since it is a contested area not only among Christians but also in other world religions where this phenomenon is widely manifested. The present work shows that while theologians are justified to consider glossolalia as divine language, there are indications that in some instances speaking in tongues can be a result of anxiety and human attempts to prove that the Holy Spirit is truly present in one’s spiritual life. This conclusion has been reached especially in cases where it has been found that glossolalia is a learned language. Key words: Pentecostal Churches; glossolalia; divine-speech; speaking in tongues; man-made language; ecstatic utterance; anxiety, depression; healing; kingdom of God; kingdom of the devil. -
An Evaluation of Speaking in Tongues As Angelic Language from the Judaean and Early Christian Perspectives
An Evaluation of Speaking in Tongues as Angelic Language from the Judaean and Early Christian Perspectives Eben de Jager Abstract In contemporary Pentecostal and Charismatic circles glossolalia is Keywords often referred to as the tongues of angels, with 1 Corinthians 13:1 Tongues of angels, angeloglossy, xenolalia, glossolalia, being quoted. Yet writings on the tongues of angels available in hebraeophone. the first century and the Judaean context from which Paul wrote do not support such a narrative. In addition, the Corinthian About the Author1 context and the writings of the Church Fathers also paint a picture Eben de Jager not aligned with the contemporary view. An analysis of 1 Masters Degree, UNISA. He is a member of Spirasa (The Spirituality Corinthians 13:1–3 shows it to be a weak support for establishing Association of South Africa). the concept of contemporary ‘angelic language’. Other influences may have given rise to the idea of glossolalia as the tongues of angels, but the Bible does not appear to support such a view. 1 The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the beliefs of the South African Theological Seminary. Conspectus—The Journal of the South African Theological Seminary ISSN 1996-8167 https://www.sats.edu.za/conspectus/ This article: https://www.sats.edu.za/de-jager-an-evaluation-of-speaking-in-tongues Conspectus, Volume 28, September 2019 35 1. Introduction There are many different views on the gift of tongues, or glossolalia, in Christian circles today. Cartledge (2000:136–138) lists twelve possibilities of what the linguistic nature of glossolalia might be, based on his study of various scholars’ work. -
3 Feet High and Rising”--De La Soul (1989) Added to the National Registry: 2010 Essay by Vikki Tobak (Guest Post)*
“3 Feet High and Rising”--De La Soul (1989) Added to the National Registry: 2010 Essay by Vikki Tobak (guest post)* De La Soul For hip-hop, the late 1980’s was a tinderbox of possibility. The music had already raised its voice over tensions stemming from the “crack epidemic,” from Reagan-era politics, and an inner city community hit hard by failing policies of policing and an underfunded education system--a general energy rife with tension and desperation. From coast to coast, groundbreaking albums from Public Enemy’s “It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back” to N.W.A.’s “Straight Outta Compton” were expressing an unprecedented line of fire into American musical and political norms. The line was drawn and now the stage was set for an unparalleled time of creativity, righteousness and possibility in hip-hop. Enter De La Soul. De La Soul didn’t just open the door to the possibility of being different. They kicked it in. If the preceding generation took hip-hop from the park jams and revolutionary commentary to lay the foundation of a burgeoning hip-hop music industry, De La Soul was going to take that foundation and flip it. The kids on the outside who were a little different, dressed different and had a sense of humor and experimentation for days. In 1987, a trio from Long Island, NY--Kelvin “Posdnous” Mercer, Dave “Trugoy the Dove” Jolicoeur, and Vincent “Maseo, P.A. Pasemaster Mase and Plug Three” Mason—were classmates at Amityville Memorial High in the “black belt” enclave of Long Island were dusting off their parents’ record collections and digging into the possibilities of rhyming over breaks like the Honey Drippers’ “Impeach the President” all the while immersing themselves in the imperfections and dust-laden loops and interludes of early funk and soul albums. -
Interrogating the Comparative Method: Whither, Why, and How?1
religions Article Interrogating the Comparative Method: Whither, Why, and How?1 Barbara A. Holdrege Department of Religious Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3130, USA; [email protected] Received: 15 January 2018; Accepted: 26 January 2018; Published: 12 February 2018 Abstract: This essay seeks to illuminate the problematics, methods, and dynamics of comparison by interrogating how certain analytical categories in the study of religion, such as scripture and the body, can be fruitfully reimagined through a comparative analysis of their Hindu and Jewish instantiations. I consider a range of issues that are critical to any productive comparative study, and I reflect more specifically on the principal components of my own comparative method in light of Oliver Freiberger’s analytical framework: the goals of comparative analysis; the modes of comparison; the parameters that define the scope and the scale of the comparative inquiry; and the operations involved in the comparative process, beginning with selection of the specific traditions and analytical categories to be addressed and formulation of the organizational design of the study and culminating in the re-visioned categories and models in the study of religion that constitute the fruits of the comparative inquiry. Keywords: comparative method; analytical categories; models of religious tradition; Hinduisms; Judaisms; Hindu-Jewish comparative studies; scripture; body; Veda; Torah Jonathan Z. Smith, in his 1982 essay “In Comparison a Magic Dwells,” surveys and critiques four basic modes of comparison—ethnographic, encyclopedic, morphological, and evolutionary— together with their more recent variants, and concludes that none of the proposed methods is adequate. Yet he suggests that the comparative enterprise should not thereby be abandoned, for the process of comparison is a constitutive aspect of human thought and is critical to the task of the scholar of religion. -
Divination and Interpretation of Signs in the Ancient World
iii Divination anD interpretation of signs in the ancient worlD edited by AmAr Annus with contributions by Amar Annus, Francesca rochberg, James Allen, ulla susanne Koch, Edward L. shaughnessy, niek Veldhuis, Eckart Frahm, scott B. noegel, nils Heeßel, Abraham Winitzer, Barbara Böck, seth richardson, Cynthia Jean, JoAnn scurlock, John Jacobs, and martti nissinen THE OriEnTAL insTiTuTE OF THE uniVErsiTy OF CHiCAgO OriEnTAL insTiTuTE sEminArs • NumBEr 6 CHiCAgO • IllinOis iv Library of Congress Control number: 2009943156 isBn-13: 978-1-885923-68-4 isBn-10: 1-885923-68-6 issn: 1559-2944 ©2010 by The university of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 2010. Printed in the united states of America. The Oriental Institute, Chicago THE uniVErsiTy OF CHiCAgO OriEnTAL insTiTuTE sEminArs • NumBEr 6 Series Editors Leslie schramer and Thomas g. urban with the assistance of Felicia Whitcomb Cover Illustration: Bronze model of a sheep’s liver indicating the seats of the deities. From Decima di gossolengo, Piacenza. Etruscan, late 2nd–early 1st c. b.c. Photo credit: scala / Art resource, ny Printed by Edwards Brothers, Ann Arbor, Michigan The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American national standard for informa- tion services — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library materials, Ansi Z39.48-1984. v TABLE OF COnTEnTs PrEFACE. vii inTrODuCTiOn 1. On the Beginnings and Continuities of Omen sciences in the Ancient World . 1 Amar Annus, University of Chicago sECTiOn OnE: THEOriEs OF DiVinATiOn AnD signs 2. “if P, then Q”: Form and reasoning in Babylonian Divination . 19 Francesca Rochberg, University of California, Berkeley 3. greek Philosophy and signs . -
Inclusive Language Inside the Christian Community
Inclusive Language Inside the Christian Community Senior Thesis By Hope Ariel Brown Department of Women Studies University of Washington June 2004 Advisor: Kathleen D. Noble, Ph.D For my mom, Charlotte Joy Lindberg with love and gratitude 2 Acknowledgements I have crossed paths with numerous individuals during the course of this project, all of whom I would like to recognize with joy and appreciation. First and foremost I must thank my inspiration for this project: my mom. This thesis would not have been created without countless discussions with my mom, whose vast knowledge, spiritual energy, love and devotion allowed me to write to the best of my potential. Thank you to each of the women interviewed: Sally Balmer, Sister Claudette Conrad, Mary-Evelyn Long, Deborah Sunoo, and Caryl Menkhus. I would also like to recognize my advisor Kate Noble, whose calm manner and encouraging words allowed me to organize my thoughts with both clarity and wild energy. Thank you to Angela Ginorio for guiding my first creative efforts, Kevin Mihata for a quick introduction to content analysis and qualitative methods, Prairie for her brilliant editing skills and emotional support, Kima for being herself and for centering me, Jannelle for taking me on walks, Peter for his love, all friends and family who listened with attentive and supportive ears, and that Divine energy, which pulses its way through all written words. 3 Table of Contents I. Introduction…………………………………………….5 II. Literature Review………………………………………9 III. Research Questions……………………………………18 IV. Methods………………………………………………..20 V. Results…………………………………………………22 VI. Discussion……………………………………………..46 VII. Limitations…………………………………………….49 VIII. Conclusion…………………………………………….50 IX. -
The Theosophical Seal by Arthur M. Coon the Theosophical Seal a Study for the Student and Non-Student
The Theosophical Seal by Arthur M. Coon The Theosophical Seal A Study for the Student and Non-Student by Arthur M. Coon This book is dedicated to all searchers for wisdom Published in the 1800's Page 1 The Theosophical Seal by Arthur M. Coon INTRODUCTION PREFACE BOOK -1- A DIVINE LANGUAGE ALPHA AND OMEGA UNITY BECOMES DUALITY THREE: THE SACRED NUMBER THE SQUARE AND THE NUMBER FOUR THE CROSS BOOK 2-THE TAU THE PHILOSOPHIC CROSS THE MYSTIC CROSS VICTORY THE PATH BOOK -3- THE SWASTIKA ANTIQUITY THE WHIRLING CROSS CREATIVE FIRE BOOK -4- THE SERPENT MYTH AND SACRED SCRIPTURE SYMBOL OF EVIL SATAN, LUCIFER AND THE DEVIL SYMBOL OF THE DIVINE HEALER SYMBOL OF WISDOM THE SERPENT SWALLOWING ITS TAIL BOOK 5 - THE INTERLACED TRIANGLES THE PATTERN THE NUMBER THREE THE MYSTERY OF THE TRIANGLE THE HINDU TRIMURTI Page 2 The Theosophical Seal by Arthur M. Coon THE THREEFOLD UNIVERSE THE HOLY TRINITY THE WORK OF THE TRINITY THE DIVINE IMAGE " AS ABOVE, SO BELOW " KING SOLOMON'S SEAL SIXES AND SEVENS BOOK 6 - THE SACRED WORD THE SACRED WORD ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Page 3 The Theosophical Seal by Arthur M. Coon INTRODUCTION I am happy to introduce this present volume, the contents of which originally appeared as a series of articles in The American Theosophist magazine. Mr. Arthur Coon's careful analysis of the Theosophical Seal is highly recommend to the many readers who will find here a rich store of information concerning the meaning of the various components of the seal Symbology is one of the ancient keys unlocking the mysteries of man and Nature. -
An Ethnography of Old Harbor and Ouzinkie, Alaska
BLACK DUCKS AND SALMON BELLIES An Ethnography of Old Harbor and Ouzinkie, Alaska by Craig Mishler Technical Memorandum No. 7 A Report Produced for the U.S. Minerals Management Service Cooperative Agreement 14-35-0001-30788 March 2001 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence 333 Raspberry Road Anchorage, Alaska 99518 This report has been reviewed by the Minerals Management Service and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Service, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ADA PUBLICATIONS STATEMENT The Alaska Department of Fish and Game operates all of its public programs and activities free from discrimination on the basis of sex, color, race, religion, national origin, age, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. For information on alternative formats available for this and other department publications, please contact the department ADA Coordinator at (voice) 907- 465-4120, (TDD) 1-800-478-3548 or (fax) 907-586-6595. Any person who believes she or he has been discriminated against should write to: Alaska Department of Fish and Game PO Box 25526 Juneau, AK 99802-5526 or O.E.O. U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ...............................................................................................................................iii List of Figures ...............................................................................................................................iii -
Fully Human and Fully Divine: the Birth of Christ and the Role of Mary
Religions 2015, 6, 172–181; doi:10.3390/rel6010172 OPEN ACCESS religions ISSN 2077-1444 www.mdpi.com/journal/religions Commentary Fully Human and Fully Divine: The Birth of Christ and the Role of Mary Ann Milliken Pederson 1,*, Gretchen Spars-McKee 2,†, Elisa Berndt 1,†, Morgan DePerno 1 and Emily Wehde 1 1 Department of Religion, Augustana College, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (E.B.); [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (E.W.) 2 Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, 1400 W. 22nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-605-274-5489; Fax: +1-605-274-5288. Academic Editor: Yudit Greenberg Received: 12 December 2014 / Accepted: 27 February 2015 / Published: 6 March 2015 Abstract: The task given to us for this article was to offer theological responses to, “Can modern biology interpret the mystery of the birth of Christ?” by Giuseppe Benagiano and Bruno Dallapiccola. We are female Protestant theologians and respond to the issues from this perspective. The Christian confession of the virgin birth of Jesus (stated within the Apostles and Nicene creeds) is a statement of faith that God became incarnate through the power of the Holy Spirit in the flesh of the human Jesus and, likewise, that God continues to become incarnate in our flesh and in the messy details of our lives. The mystery and miracle of the birth of Jesus has much more to do with the incarnation of God in human flesh and in God’s spirit at work in and with Mary, than to do with Mary’s gynecological or parthenogenical mechanisms. -
The Communications Frontier in Early New England. Katherine Grandjean
154 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Winter 2017 BOOK REVIEWS American Passage: The Communications Frontier in Early New England. Katherine Grandjean. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2015. 312 pages. $24.99 (hardback) Since Fredrick Jackson Turner’s now-famous 1893 essay, historians have grappled with the significance of the frontier in American history. Katherine Grandjean joins that continuing conversation with her book, American Passage: The Communications Frontier in Early New England. Utilizing almost 3,000 letters which are part of the Winthrop Family Papers, primarily housed at the Massachusetts Historical Society, Grandjean argues that “communication, in the end, was an arm of colonization” (215). While her dataset is primarily these letters which date from 1635 to 1675, Grandjean’s analysis of communication extends beyond the content of the letters to the technology and the personnel—the logistics—of communication, including roads and waterways. Grandjean asks us to rethink some moments in early American history through the lens of communication. For example, her book opens with the two traders found dead in their boats which helped spark the Pequot War. Why, she wonders, would the deaths of these two men (who had questionable reputations) cause the war? In the early years of settlement in New England, traders were the lifeblood that kept the people who had moved beyond Boston connected with food, supplies, and letters/news. Without them, colonists in places like Connecticut would not be able to survive for long. “Because the violence threatened those who carried goods between the English colonies, it threatened all” (33). Once the war was over, colonists worked to make peace between the warring Mohegans and Narragansetts specifically to keep the land route between Boston and the outlying communities connected.