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Terapie Homosexuality Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Katedra psychologie Filozofické fakulty TERAPIE HOMOSEXUALITY Diplomová práce Autor: Denisa Vlčková Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Olga Pechová, Ph.D. Olomouc 2010 Prohlašuji, ţe jsem diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně a všechny pouţité prameny řádně citovala a uvedla. Ráda bych poděkovala PhDr. Olze Pechové, Ph.D. za odborné vedení a pomoc, za její cenné rady i uţitečné tipy, které mi pomohly během vypracování této práce. Můj dík také patří těm, kdo byli ochotni mi věnovat svůj čas a odpovídat na mé všetečné otázky. V Olomouci dne 27.11.2010 .................................................... „If homosexuality is a disease, let´s all call in queer to work: ´Hello. Can´t work today, still queer´.“ Robin Tyler, americký aktivista za práva gayů a lesbických ţen. (Yaeger, 2003) OBSAH Úvod ...........................................................................................................................................5 TEORETICKÁ ČÁST .............................................................................................................6 1. Úvod k homosexualitě .......................................................................................................6 1.1 Definice homosexuality ...............................................................................................7 1.2 Etiologie homosexuality ..............................................................................................8 1.2.1 Genetika ............................................................................................................8 1.2.2 Hormony ...........................................................................................................9 1.2.3 Výchova ...........................................................................................................10 1.3 Sexuální orientace ......................................................................................................11 1.4 Klasifikace homosexuality .........................................................................................12 1.4.1 Klasifikace pohlaví ..........................................................................................12 1.4.2 Klasifikace podle sebepřijetí ............................................................................13 1.5 Homosexualita u zvířat ...............................................................................................13 1.6 Dotazník pro heterosexuály ........................................................................................14 2. Historie homosexuality ....................................................................................................16 2.1 Homosexualita u tzv. primitivních národů .................................................................16 2.2 Homosexualita v předkřesťanském světě ...................................................................17 2.3 Homosexualita v 19. století ........................................................................................18 2.4 Homosexualita ve 20. století ......................................................................................19 2.5 Socialistická homosexualita .......................................................................................20 2.6 Homosexualita není nemoc ........................................................................................22 3 Publikace „Terapie homosexuality“ ..............................................................................23 3.1 Vyjádření Doc. MUDr. Jaroslava Zvěřiny, CSc. a členů L+G LOGOSu ..................23 3.2 Názor MUDr. Radima Uzla, CSc. ..............................................................................25 3.3 Stanovisko Prof. PhDr. Petra Weisse, PhD. a MUDr. Ivoše Procházky, CSc. ..........26 4 Heterosexuální adaptace .................................................................................................27 4.1 Úvod ...........................................................................................................................27 4.2 Definice ......................................................................................................................27 4.3 Podmínky úspěšné adaptace .......................................................................................28 4.4 Motivace k adaptaci .................................................................................................. 29 4.5 Názory .......................................................................................................................30 5 Katolická církev a terapie homosexuality .....................................................................32 5.1 Koncepce homosexuality ve světle Bible ..................................................................32 5.2 Názory uvnitř církve ..................................................................................................33 6 Terapie homosexuality ....................................................................................................35 6.1 Dějiny léčby ...............................................................................................................35 6.1.1 Hormonální léčba a kastrace ...........................................................................36 6.1.2 Sugesce a hypnóza ...........................................................................................37 6.1.3 Kardiazolové šoky ...........................................................................................38 6.1.4 Averzivní terapie .............................................................................................38 6.1.5 Léčba intoxikací LSD ......................................................................................39 6.1.6 Léčba chirurgická ............................................................................................40 6.1.7 Léčba manţelstvím ..........................................................................................40 6.2 Názory na vhodnost a moţnosti léčby ........................................................................41 6.3 Kritéria vyléčení .........................................................................................................42 6.4 Současné pokusy o léčbu ............................................................................................43 6.4.1 Psychoanalýza, psychoterapie .........................................................................43 6.4.2 Léčba sebeovládáním, sluţbou církvi, účastí na Kristově kříţi, modlitbou a přátelstvím osoby stejného pohlaví, účastí na církevních setkáváních apod. ..46 6.4.3 Averzivní terapie .............................................................................................48 6.4.4 Reparativní terapie ...........................................................................................48 6.4.4.1 Východiska .......................................................................................49 6.4.4.2 Průběh ...............................................................................................50 6.4.4.3 Nedostatky ........................................................................................51 6.4.4.4 Výsledky ...........................................................................................52 7 Výpovědi členů Ex-ex-gay hnutí o terapii homosexuality ............................................55 7.1 Ex-gay a Ex-ex-gay hnutí ...........................................................................................55 7.2 Zkušenosti Ex-ex-gay členů s terapií .........................................................................56 7.3 Svědectví ....................................................................................................................57 PRAKTICKÁ ČÁST ..............................................................................................................61 8 Formulace výzkumného problému a cíl práce ..............................................................61 9 Formulace výzkumných otázek ......................................................................................63 9.1 Výzkumné otázky pro respondenty, kteří mají zkušenosti s terapií homosexuality ..63 9.2 Výzkumné otázky pro odborníky, kteří praktikují terapii homosexuality ................63 10 Metodologický rámec a výzkumný soubor ....................................................................64 10.1 Popis výzkumného souboru ....................................................................................64 11 Metody získávání a zpracování dat ................................................................................67 11.1 Polostrukturované interview .................................................................................67 11.2 Zpracování dat .......................................................................................................67 12 Etické problémy a jejich řešení ......................................................................................68 13 Výsledky ...........................................................................................................................69 13.1 Výzkumné otázky pro respondenty, kteří mají zkušenosti s terapií .....................69 13.2 Výzkumné otázky pro odborníky, kteří aplikují terapii homosexuality ...............71 13.3 Společné znaky obou interview ............................................................................74 14 Diskuze ..............................................................................................................................75
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