DOCSLIB.ORG

Efficacy of a Novel Oral Chewable Tablet Containing Sarolaner, Moxidectin and Pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) Against Natural Flea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Efficacy of a Novel Oral Chewable Tablet Containing Sarolaner, Moxidectin and Pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) Against Natural Flea Becskei et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:72 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-3946-1 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Efcacy of a novel oral chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) against natural fea and tick infestations on dogs presented as veterinary patients in Europe Csilla Becskei1*, Daphne Fias1, Sean P. Mahabir2 and Robert Farkas3 Abstract Background: A novel chewable oral tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) has recently been developed to provide persistent protection against fea and tick infections for a month, treatment of hookworm and roundworm infections and prevention of heartworm and lungworm disease in dogs. Two feld studies were conducted to evaluate the safety and efcacy of Simparica Trio™ against natural fea and tick infestations on dogs in Europe. Methods: Dogs with natural fea or tick infestations were allocated randomly to treatment on Day 0 with either Simparica Trio™ tablets (fea study: n 297; tick study: n 189) to provide 1.2–2.4 mg/kg sarolaner, 24–48 µg/kg = = moxidectin and 5–10 mg/kg pyrantel (as pamoate salt) or with NexGard® Spectra (afoxolaner milbemycin oxime) according to the label instructions (fea study: n 164; tick study: n 91). Efcacy was calculated+ based on the mean percent reduction in live parasite counts compared= to the respective= pre-treatment counts on Days 14 and 30 in the fea study and on Days 7, 14, 21 and 30 in the tick study. To count the feas, the dog’s entire coat was systematically combed using an extra fne-tooth fea comb until all feas were removed. For the tick counts, the dog’s entire coat was searched manually. Resolution of the clinical signs of fea allergy dermatitis (FAD) was assessed in fea allergic dogs in the fea study. Palatability was assessed in both studies. Results: Simparica Trio™ was well tolerated in both studies. Efcacy against feas was 97.9% in the Simparica Trio™ ≥ group and 96.1% in the NexGard® Spectra group. Efcacy against ticks was 94.8% in the Simparica Trio™ group ≥ ≥ and 94.4% in the NexGard® Spectra group. Clinical signs of fea allergy dermatitis improved following treatment ≥ with Simparica Trio™. Simparica Trio™ tablets were voluntarily and fully consumed on 78% of the 485 occasions they were ofered. ≥ Conclusions: A single oral dose of Simparica Trio™ was safe and highly efcacious against naturally occurring fea and tick infestations for 1 month on dogs. Clinical signs of FAD improved following treatment. Simparica Trio™ was voluntarily and readily consumed by most dogs. *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Zoetis, Mercuriusstraat 20, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creat iveco mmons .org/licen ses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creat iveco mmons .org/publi cdoma in/ zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Becskei et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:72 Page 2 of 9 Keywords: Dog, Efcacy, Fleas, Moxidectin, Oral, Sarolaner, Simparica Trio™, Pyrantel pamoate, Ticks, Veterinary patients Background against naturally occurring fea and tick infestations on Fleas are present throughout Europe and the cat fea dogs presented as veterinary patients in Europe. (Ctenocephalides felis) is the species most commonly found on dogs, followed by the dog fea (Ctenocephal- Methods ides canis) and the hedgehog fea (Archaeopsylla erina- Two masked, randomized, positive-controlled feld stud- cei) [1]. Flea blood-feeding causes local irritation (fea ies were conducted on dogs with natural fea or tick bite dermatitis) and with repeated exposure dogs may infestations, enrolled at 30 veterinary practices in Ger- develop fea allergy dermatitis [2, 3]. Heavy infestations many (10 sites), Hungary (10 sites), and Portugal (10 can lead to anemia, especially in young or debilitated sites). Both studies were conducted in accordance with animals [2]. Fleas transmit several zoonotic disease the World Association for the Advancement of Veteri- agents including those that cause fea-borne spotted nary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines for evaluating fever (Rickettsia felis), murine typhus (Rickettsia typhi) the efcacy of parasiticides for the treatment, preven- and cat scratch disease (Bartonella henselae) [4]. Fleas tion and control of fea and tick infestation on dogs and also serve as intermediate hosts for helminths such as cats [9] and complied with Good Clinical Practices [10]. the dog tapeworm Dipylidium caninum, also called the Personnel involved in making assessments of efcacy or fea tapeworm [5]. safety were masked to treatment assignments. Day 0 was Ticks are endemic throughout most of Europe and defned as the day the treatment was administered. those from the genera Dermacentor, Ixodes and Rhipi- cephalus are commonly found infesting dogs [1]. Tick Animals blood-feeding causes nuisance and skin irritation, and Te patient population was recruited from dogs at least in heavy infestations can result in anemia [6]. Ticks 8 weeks of age and at least 2.0 kg body weight. Tere transmit several disease-causing agents, some of which were no breed or sex restrictions, however pregnant or are zoonotic. Dermacentor reticulatus is known to be lactating females or dogs intended for breeding were not the vector of Babesia canis canis, and in Europe the eligible for enrollment. Dogs living in or with a history causative agents of canine and human anaplasmosis of travel to heartworm endemic regions were confrmed (Anaplasma phagocytophilum) and Lyme borreliosis to be negative for heartworm (Diroflaria immitis) anti- (Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato)) are transmitted by gen. Enrolled dogs had not received treatment with any Ixodes ricinus. Rhipicephalus ticks are known to trans- ectoparasiticide with residual efcacy against feas or mit the disease agents that cause canine ehrlichiosis ticks within 30 days of enrollment and had not received (Ehrlichia canis), babesiosis (Babesia vogeli, Babesia injectable moxidectin (Guardian®; Elanco, Greenfeld, gibsoni), hepatozoonosis (Hepatozoon canis) and Medi- IN, USA) within the six months prior to study treatment. terranean spotted fever (Rickettsia conorii) [7]. Enrollment in both studies was restricted to house- Because of these above-mentioned health risks, it is holds with a maximum of three dogs, and additionally recommended that dogs at risk of fea and tick infes- in the fea study to households with a maximum of three tation receive sustained fea and tick treatment with cats. To be considered for enrollment, at least one dog insecticidal and acaricide activity [1, 8]. To provide safe in the household had to harbor ≥ 5 live adult feas in the and efcacious treatment options for dogs to address fea study or ≥ 3 live attached ticks in the tick study. In this need of veterinarians and owners, there is a con- multiple dog households where more than one dog met tinuous need to develop new parasiticides, including the inclusion criteria, the investigator chose the frst dog combinations with various active ingredients. A chew- that harbored the minimum required number of feas or able oral tablet that contains sarolaner, moxidectin and ticks as the primary patient, and all other enrolled dogs pyrantel has recently been approved (Simparica Trio™, were considered supplementary patients. Enrollment of Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ, USA) that provides treatment of all dogs in the household was required in the fea study fea and tick infestations for 1 month in dogs, as well as but was optional at the discretion of the investigator roundworm and hookworm infections, and prevention or dog owner in the tick study. In both studies, efcacy of heartworm and lungworm diseases. Te two clinical assessments were conducted on primary patients, and feld studies reported here were conducted to evaluate palatability and safety assessments on both primary and the palatability, safety, and efcacy of Simparica Trio™ supplementary patients. Becskei et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:72 Page 3 of 9 Flea and tick counts dog’s history and clinical signs of fea infestation during Flea counts on primary patients were conducted pre- the study. treatment on Day-1 or 0, and post-treatment on Days 14 (± 5) and 30 (± 5). Te dog’s entire coat was sys- Randomization tematically combed using an extra fne-tooth fea comb Primary dogs were allocated to one of the two treat- until all feas were removed. Each dog was combed for ments according to a pre-determined generalized rand- a minimum of 10 min. If feas were found in the last 5 omized block design with a one-way treatment structure min, then combing was continued in 5-min increments replicated in multiple clinics. At each clinic, dogs were until no feas were found in a 5-min period. All live blocked based on order of enrolment. Dogs were blocked feas were counted as they were removed. Fleas capable in groups of three and allocated randomly to treat- of maintaining upright orientation and/or coordinated ment with sarolaner moxidectin pyrantel (Simparica movement were considered alive.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lindane Lotion USP, 1% RX Only WARNINGS
    Lindane Lotion USP, 1% RX Only WARNINGS: Lindane Lotion should only be used in patients who cannot tolerate or have failed first-line treatment with safer medications for the treatment of scabies. (See INDICATIONS AND USAGE.) Neurologic Toxicity Seizures and deaths have been reported following Lindane Lotion use with repeat or prolonged application, but also in rare cases following a single application used according to directions. Lindane lotion should be used with caution for infants, children, the elderly, and individuals with other skin conditions (e.g, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis) and in those who weigh < 110 lbs (50 kg) as they may be at risk of serious neurotoxicity. Contraindications Lindane Lotion is contraindicated in premature infants and individuals with known uncontrolled seizure disorders. Proper Use Instruct patients on the proper use of Lindane Lotion, the amount to apply, how long to leave it on, and avoiding re-treatment. Inform patients that itching occurs after the successful killing of scabies and is not necessarily an indication for re-treatment with Lindane Lotion. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION.) DESCRIPTION Lindane Lotion USP, 1%, is an ectoparasiticide and ovicide. In addition to the active ingredient, lindane, it contains glycerol monostearate, cetyl alcohol, stearic acid, trolamine, carrageenan, 2- amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, methylparaben, butylparaben, perfume and water to form a lotion. Lindane is the gamma isomer of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane having the following structural formula: C6H6Cl6 M.W. 290.83 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Lindane Lotion USP, 1%, is an ectoparasiticide and ovicide effective against Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies). Lindane exerts its parasiticidal action by being directly absorbed into the parasites and 1 their ova.
    [Show full text]
  • Revised Use-Function Classification (2007)
    INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY IPCS INTOX Data Management System (INTOX DMS) Revised Use-Function Classification (2007) The Use-Function Classification is used in two places in the INTOX Data Management System: the Communication Record and the Agent/Product Record. The two records are linked: if there is an agent record for a Centre Agent that is the subject of a call, the appropriate Intended Use-Function can be selected automatically in the Communication Record. The Use-Function Classification is used when generating reports, both standard and customized, and for searching the case and agent databases. In particular, INTOX standard reports use the top level headings of the Intended Use-Functions that were selected for Centre Agents in the Communication Record (e.g. if an agent was classified as an Analgesic for Human Use in the Communication Record, it would be logged as a Pharmaceutical for Human Use in the report). The Use-Function classification is very important for ensuring harmonized data collection. In version 4.4 of the software, 5 new additions were made to the top levels of the classification provided with the system for the classification of organisms (items XIV to XVIII). This is a 'convenience' classification to facilitate searching of the Communications database. A taxonomic classification for organisms is provided within the INTOX DMS Agent Explorer. In May/June 2006 INTOX users were surveyed to find out whether they had made any changes to the Use-Function Classification. These changes were then discussed at the 4th and 5th Meetings of INTOX Users. Version 4.5 of the INTOX DMS includes the revised pesticides classification (shown in full below).
    [Show full text]
  • Antibiotics May Eradicate Gastrointestinal Immunodeficiency.8
    1122 Letters to the Editor J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.54.12.1122 on 1 December 1991. Downloaded from sitivity.? We present a case of OMM without pseudobulbar palsy. The association of vitro.8 Whipple's disease is associated with symptoms of Whipple's disease and with supranuclear gaze paresis with oculomas- immunodeficiency.8 Thus intestinal wall negative peroral jejunoileal biopsies, which ticatory myorhythmia, however, seems to be macrophages are ineffective in phagocytosing indicates the usefulness of laparotomy for pathognomonic of the effects of Whipple's intracellular gram positive bacilli, resulting in jejunoileal biopsies as an alternative to brain disease on the CNS.'2 This led us to perform inability to eliminate chronic infection.9 This biopsy to confirm Whipple's disease. surgical jejunal and mesenteric lymph node suggests that Whipple's disease may be con- A 47 year old woman was admitted in May biopsies rather than a brain biopsy despite sidered as a disease of macrophages.8 The 1988 in a depressed state. In June 1987 she negative endoscopic and numerous peroral periventricular and periaqueductal distribu- had noted progressive visual disturbance. distal jejunal and ileal biopsies. The nor- tion of the CNS involvement in Whipple's Rhythmic elevations of her right upper lip mality ofthe CT and MRI scans also suppor- disease consists of macrophagic infiltration appeared, and later, paroxysmal hypersomnia ted this decision. and subependymal nodules. Such a and considerable weight gain (10 kg). A nine The possibility of brain involvement with- "tumoural" involvement may explain why month course oftreatment for depression was out systemic manifestation in Whipple's dis- antibiotics with good BBB diffusion are not ineffective and her symptoms and signs ease should be kept in mind.
    [Show full text]
  • PASS Information
    H9X-MC-B010 Non-interventional PASS Final Study Report Page 1 PASS Information Title Utilisation of dulaglutide in European countries: A cross-sectional, multi-country and multi-source drug utilisation study using electronic health record databases Version identifier of the final study report Version 1.0 Date of last version of the final study report N/A EU PAS register number EUPAS13783 Active substance Dulaglutide (ATC code: A10BJ05) Medicinal product(s): Trulicity 0.75 mg solution for injection Trulicity 1.5 mg solution for injection Product reference: EU/1/14/956 Procedure number: EMEA/H/C/002825 Marketing authorisation holder(s) Eli Lilly Nederland B.V. Joint PASS No Research question and objectives The purpose of this study is to describe how dulaglutide is used among different patient groups in Europe. Primary objective: To describe the frequency of dulaglutide use in the population and characterise by age, gender, main comorbidities, and main co- prescriptions overall and in the following subgroups of interest: o Populations of interest: • Patients with severe renal failure • Patients with hepatic disease • Patients with heart failure • Patients with severe gastrointestinal disease • Children and adolescents (<18 years of age) • Elderly patients (≥75 years of age) • Pregnant or breast-feeding women o Medication use: • Medication errors • Off-label use Secondary objective: To describe the off-label use among each of the above populations of interest. Country(-ies) of study France, Germany, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom Author PPD Signature of principal investigator Signature on file/see approval date below Approval Date: 14-Nov-2019 GMT H9X-MC-B010 Non-interventional PASS Final Study Report Page 2 Marketing Authorisation Holder Marketing authorisation holder (MAH) Eli Lilly Nederland B.V.
    [Show full text]
  • A Saprolegnia Parasitica Challenge System for Rainbow Trout: Assessment of Pyceze As an Anti-Fungal Agent for Both Fish and Ova
    DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published May 12 Dis Aquat Org l A Saprolegnia parasitica challenge system for rainbow trout: assessment of Pyceze as an anti-fungal agent for both fish and ova T. G.Pottinger*, J. G. Day NERC Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Windermere Laboratory, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria, LA22 OLP, United Kingdom ABSTRACT: A reproducible Saprolegnia parasitica spore delivery system was developed and demon- strated to be effective in providing a sustained spore challenge for up to 10 d. Treatment of rainbow trout with slow-release intraperitoneal implants containing cortisol resulted in chronically elevated blood cortisol levels and rendered the fish susceptible to infection by S. parasitica when exposed to the spore challenge. Sham-implanted fish were not susceptible to infect~on.Bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitro- propane-1,3-dol), formulated as Pyceze, was effective in protecting predisposed fish from infection by S. parasitica when administered as a daily bathlflush treatment at concentrations of 15 mg I-' and greater. Pyceze was also demonstrated to protect fertilised rainbow trout ova from S. parasitica chal- lenge when administered as a daily bath/flush treatment at concentrations of between 30 and 100 mg 1-l. Pyceze appears to qualify as a safe and effective replacement for malachite green and formalin in the prevention of fungal infections in the aquaculture environment. KEY WORDS: Saprolegnia . Fungal infection . Salmonid . Bronopol - Pyceze . Cortisol INTRODUCTION chite green in combating mycotic infections of fish and fish eggs, but is safer for the operator, the fish, and Mycotic infections of farmed fish, primarily by water the environment. Among the alternative compounds moulds or pseudofungi of the genus Saprolegnia, rep- tested for antifungal activity are sodium chloride resent a significant economic and welfare problem.
    [Show full text]
  • A Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Third Transmembrane Region Has Opposite Impacts on the Selectivity of the Parasiticides
    Supplemental material to this article can be found at: http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/suppl/2017/09/08/mol.117.109413.DC1 1521-0111/92/5/546–555$25.00 https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.117.109413 MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY Mol Pharmacol 92:546–555, November 2017 Copyright ª 2017 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics A Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Third Transmembrane Region Has Opposite Impacts on the Selectivity of the Parasiticides Fluralaner and Ivermectin for Ligand-Gated Chloride Channels s Yunosuke Nakata, Toshinori Fuse, Kohei Yamato, Miho Asahi, Kunimitsu Nakahira, Fumiyo Ozoe, and Yoshihisa Ozoe Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan (Y.N., T.F., K.Y, F.O., Y.O.); and Downloaded from Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., Saitama, Japan (M.A., K.N.) Received May 16, 2017; accepted September 9, 2017 ABSTRACT Fluralaner (Bravecto) is a recently marketed isoxazoline ectopar- transmembrane region (TM3) with an aromatic amino acid molpharm.aspetjournals.org asiticide. This compound potently inhibits GABA-gated chloride dramatically enhanced the potency of fluralaner in the GluCls. channels (GABACls) and less potently glutamate-gated chloride In stark contrast to the enhancement of fluralaner potency, this channels (GluCls) in insects. The mechanism underlying this mutation eliminated the activation of currents and the potenti- selectivity is unknown. Therefore, we sought to identify the ation but not the antagonism of glutamate responses that are amino acid residues causing the low potency of fluralaner toward otherwise all elicited by the macrolide parasiticide ivermectin GluCls. We examined the fluralaner sensitivity of mutant housefly (IVM).
    [Show full text]
  • Study Protocol
    STUDY PROTOCOL FOR COMPASSIONATE AQUACULTURE INVESTIGATIONAL NEW ANIMAL DRUG (INAD) EXEMPTION FOR 35% PEROX-AID® (HYDROGEN PEROXIDE) FOR THE CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES (INAD #11-669) Sponsor: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of the National Fish Hatchery System ______________________ ___________________ Sponsor Signature Date Approved Manufacturer: Eka Chemicals Inc. 1775 West Oak Commons Court Marietta, Georgia 30062-2254 Facility for Coordination of 35% PEROX AID® INAD: Aquatic Animal Drug Approval Partnership Program 4050 Bridger Canyon Road Bozeman, Mt 59715 Proposed Starting Date: December 1, 2007 Proposed Ending Date: November 30, 2012 Study Director: Mr. Jim Bowker _________________________ ________________ Study Director Signature Date Clinical Field Trial Location and Trial Number: Facility ______________________________________________________________ Type or Print Name Investigator____________________________________________________________ Type or Print Name __________________________________________ ________________________ Investigator Signature Date 1 I. STUDY ID AND TITLE 3 II. SPONSOR 3 III. INVESTIGATORS/FACILITIES 4 IV. PROPOSED STARTING AND COMPLETION DATES: 4 V. BACKGROUND/PURPOSE 4 VI. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 6 VII. MATERIALS 7 VIII. EXPERIMENTAL UNIT 10 IX. ENTRANCE CRITERIA 10 X. TREATMENT GROUPS 11 XI. TREATMENT SCHEDULES 12 XII. TREATMENT RESPONSE PARAMETERS 15 XIII. FORMS FOR DATA COLLECTION 15 XIV. RECORD KEEPING PROCEDURES 16 XV. DISPOSITION OF INVESTIGATIONAL ANIMALS 16 XVI. DISPOSITION OF INVESTIGATIONAL
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory and Field Studies to Investigate the Efficacy of a Novel
    Kryda et al. Parasites Vectors (2019) 12:445 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3702-6 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Laboratory and feld studies to investigate the efcacy of a novel, orally administered combination product containing moxidectin, sarolaner and pyrantel for the prevention of heartworm disease (Diroflaria immitis) in dogs Kristina Kryda1*, Robert H. Six1, Kelly F. Walsh1, Susan J. Holzmer1, Sara Chapin1, Sean P. Mahabir1, Melanie Myers1, Tammy Inskeep1, Jady Rugg1, Blair Cundif1, Aleah Pullins1, Michael Ulrich2, John W. McCall3, Tom L. McTier1 and Steven J. Maeder1 Abstract Background: Diroflaria immitis is a flarial parasite of dogs that can cause serious or fatal cardiopulmonary disease. Three studies were conducted to evaluate the efcacy and safety of monthly treatment with moxidectin in a chew- able tablet product in combination with sarolaner and pyrantel to prevent heartworm disease in dogs after experi- mental challenge and in a clinical feld study in the USA. Methods: In two laboratory studies, dogs (8 per group) that had been inoculated 30 days prior with 50 third-stage D. immitis larvae were randomized to treatment on Day 0 with placebo or combination product, at the minimum dose of 24 µg/kg moxidectin, 2 mg/kg sarolaner and 5 mg/kg pyrantel (as pamoate salt). Study 2 also included groups treated with tablets containing moxidectin-alone (24 µg/kg) or sarolaner-alone (2 mg/kg). Efcacy was evaluated ~ 5 months after inoculation by adult heartworm counts at necropsy. In the feld study, 410 dogs 8 weeks-old from 23 USA veterinary clinics were treated for 11 months with either combination product at 24–48 µg/kg≥ moxidectin, 2–4 mg/kg sarolaner and 5–10 mg/kg pyrantel (n 272) or Heartgard® Plus (ivermectin/pyrantel) at the label recom- mended dose rate (n 138).
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmaceuticals As Environmental Contaminants
    PharmaceuticalsPharmaceuticals asas EnvironmentalEnvironmental Contaminants:Contaminants: anan OverviewOverview ofof thethe ScienceScience Christian G. Daughton, Ph.D. Chief, Environmental Chemistry Branch Environmental Sciences Division National Exposure Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development Environmental Protection Agency Las Vegas, Nevada 89119 [email protected] Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada Why and how do drugs contaminate the environment? What might it all mean? How do we prevent it? Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada This talk presents only a cursory overview of some of the many science issues surrounding the topic of pharmaceuticals as environmental contaminants Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada A Clarification We sometimes loosely (but incorrectly) refer to drugs, medicines, medications, or pharmaceuticals as being the substances that contaminant the environment. The actual environmental contaminants, however, are the active pharmaceutical ingredients – APIs. These terms are all often used interchangeably Office of Research and Development National Exposure Research Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, Las Vegas, Nevada Office of Research and Development Available: http://www.epa.gov/nerlesd1/chemistry/pharma/image/drawing.pdfNational
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,446,070 Mantelle (45) Date of Patent: "Aug
    USOO544607OA United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,446,070 Mantelle (45) Date of Patent: "Aug. 29, 1995 54 COMPOST ONS AND METHODS FOR 4,659,714 4/1987 Watt-Smith ......................... 514/260 TOPCAL ADMNSTRATION OF 4,675,009 6/1987 Hymes .......... ... 604/304 PHARMACEUTICALLY ACTIVE AGENTS 4,695,465 9/1987 Kigasawa .............................. 424/19 4,748,022 5/1988 Busciglio. ... 424/195 75 Inventor: Juan A. Mantelle, Miami, Fla. 4,765,983 8/1988 Takayanagi. ... 424/434 4,789,667 12/1988 Makino ............ ... 514/16 73) Assignee: Nover Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Miami, 4,867,970 9/1989 Newsham et al. ... 424/435 Fla. 4,888,354 12/1989 Chang .............. ... 514/424 4,894,232 1/1990 Reul ............. ... 424/439 * Notice: The portion of the term of this patent 4,900,552 2/1990 Sanvordeker .... ... 424/422 subsequent to Aug. 10, 2010 has been 4,900,554 2/1990 Yanagibashi. ... 424/448 disclaimed. 4,937,078 6/1990 Mezei........... ... 424/450 Appl. No.: 112,330 4,940,587 7/1990 Jenkins ..... ... 424/480 21 4,981,875 l/1991 Leusner ... ... 514/774 22 Filed: Aug. 27, 1993 5,023,082 6/1991 Friedman . ... 424/426 5,234,957 8/1993 Mantelle ........................... 514/772.6 Related U.S. Application Data FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 63 Continuation-in-part of PCT/US92/01730, Feb. 27, 0002425 6/1979 European Pat. Off. 1992, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 0139127 5/1985 European Pat. Off. 813,196, Dec. 23, 1991, Pat. No. 5,234,957, which is a 0159168 10/1985 European Pat.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflection Paper on Resistance in Ectoparasites
    1 13 September 2018 2 EMA/CVMP/EWP/310225/2014 3 Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) 4 Reflection paper on resistance in ectoparasites 5 Draft Draft agreed by Efficacy Working Party (EWP-V) May 2018 Adopted by CVMP for release for consultation September 2018 Start of public consultation 21 September 2018 End of consultation (deadline for comments) 31 August 2019 6 Comments should be provided using this template. The completed comments form should be sent to [email protected] 7 Keywords Ectoparasites, resistance to ectoparasiticides 30 Churchill Place ● Canary Wharf ● London E14 5EU ● United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0)20 3660 6000 Facsimile +44 (0)20 3660 5555 Send a question via our website www.ema.europa.eu/contact An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2018. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. 8 Reflection paper on resistance in ectoparasites 9 Table of contents 10 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4 11 2. Definition of resistance ...................................................................................................... 4 12 3. Current state of ectoparasite resistance ............................................................................ 4 13 3.1. Ticks .............................................................................................................................. 4 14 3.2. Mites .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Known Bioactive Library: Microsource 1 - US Drug Collection
    Known Bioactive Library: Microsource 1 - US Drug Collection ICCB-L ICCB-L Vendor Vendor Compound Name Bioactivity Source CAS Plate Well ID antifungal, inhibits Penicillium 2091 A03 Microsource 00200046 GRISEOFULVIN 126-07-8 mitosis in metaphase griseofulvum 3505-38-2, 486-16-8 2091 A04 Microsource 01500161 CARBINOXAMINE MALEATE antihistaminic synthetic [carbinoxamine] 2091 A05 Microsource 00200331 SALSALATE analgesic synthetic 552-94-3 muscle relaxant 2091 A06 Microsource 01500162 CARISOPRODOL synthetic 78-44-4 (skeletal) antineoplastic, 2091 A07 Microsource 00210369 GALLIC ACID insect galls 149-91-7 astringent, antibacterial 66592-87-8, 50370-12- 2091 A08 Microsource 01500163 CEFADROXIL antibacterial semisynthetic 2 [anhydrous], 119922- 89-9 [hemihydrate] Rheum palmatum, 2091 A09 Microsource 00211468 DANTHRON cathartic 117-10-2 Xyris semifuscata 27164-46-1, 25953-19- 2091 A10 Microsource 01500164 CEFAZOLIN SODIUM antibacterial semisynthetic 9 [cefazolin] glucocorticoid, 2091 A11 Microsource 00300024 HYDROCORTISONE adrenal glands 50-23-7 antiinflammatory 64485-93-4, 63527-52- 2091 A12 Microsource 01500165 CEFOTAXIME SODIUM antibacterial semisynthetic 6 [cefotaxime] 2091 A13 Microsource 00300029 DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE mineralocorticoid adrenocortex 56-47-3 58-71-9, 153-61-7 2091 A14 Microsource 01500166 CEPHALOTHIN SODIUM antibacterial semisynthetic [cephalothin] 2091 A15 Microsource 00300034 TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE androgen, antineoplastic semisynthetic 57-85-2 24356-60-3, 21593-23- 2091 A16 Microsource 01500167 CEPHAPIRIN SODIUM
    [Show full text]