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International Relations Theory Political Science 240/IRGN 254 International Relations Theory (Spring Quarter 2003) Prof. Stephan Haggard (Office hours, Monday 12-2, Robinson Building 1425 or by appointment at [email protected] or 4-5781) This course provides an introduction to some strands of contemporary international relations theory. Writing requirements (approximately 60 percent). Three five page papers on the assigned readings, due in class on the day of the discussion (late papers will not be accepted). Alternatively, you may write a single, 15-20 page review essay that deals with the assigned and background readings for a particular session in greater depth. “Background” readings include important or exemplary statements on a particular issue, provide more on the history of a given debate, or suggest cognate areas of inquiry that we cannot explore in depth (or even at all). Seminar participation (approximately 40 percent). In addition to active participation in the discussion, students will be responsible for initiating one or two seminars—depending on class size-- through a brief (10-15 minute) presentation. The presentation will simply outline some of the most important questions that arise out of the readings. The following books have been ordered for purchase. David A. Lake and Robert Powell, eds., Strategic Choice and International Relations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999. Kenneth N. Waltz, Theory of International Politics. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 1979. Helen V. Milner, Interests, Institutions, and Information: Domestic Politics and International Relations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997. Peter J. Katzenstein, Robert O. Keohane, and Stephen D. Krasner, eds., Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999. [Also available in International Organization 52, 4 (Autumn 1998).] Robert Powell, In the Shadow of Power: States and Strategies in International Politics (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999). Stephen van Evera, Causes of War: Power and the Roots of Conflict (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999). I. March 31. Introduction. International Relations in the United States: A Sociology of Knowledge Recommended Miles Kahler, “Inventing International Relations: International Relations Theory after 1945,” in Michael W. Doyle and G. John Ikenberry, eds., New Thinking in International Relations Theory (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997), pp. 20-53 Katzenstein, Keohane, and Krasner, eds., Exploration and Contestation in the Study of World Politics, articles by Katzenstein, Keohane, and Krasner; Wœver; Ruggie; and Jervis. Background On US parochialism and other traditions in IR, see Stanley Hoffmann, “An American Social Science: International Relations,” Daedalus 106, 3 (1977): 41-60 Robert Crawford and Darryl Jarvis, eds. International Relations: Still an American Social Science (2001). For other critical reviews of the development of IR theory in the last several decades, see Kal Holsti, The Dividing Discipline (1985); Stephan Haggard, “Structuralism and Its Critics: Recent Progress in International Relations Theory,” in Emanuel Adler and Beverly Crawford, ed., Progress in Postwar International Relations. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.); and Colin Elman and Miriam Fendius Elman, Progress in International Relations Theory (2003). James Dougherty and Robert Pfaltzgraff, Contending Theories of International Relations (1996 and various earlier editions) provides an encyclopedia-like overview of the field. The field has seen several waves of debate about the issue of “science,” initially over “behavioral” vs. “traditional” approaches and most recently around the question of formal modeling. See Klaus Knorr and James Rosenau, ed., Contending Approaches to International Politics (1969); Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, “Toward a Scientific Understanding of International Conflict: A Personal View,” International Studies Quarterly 29, 2 (1985) and the comments by Jervis and Krasner; and Steven Walt, “Rigor or Rigor Mortis: Rational Choice and Security Studies,” International Security 23, 4 (Spring 1999) and the responses in IS 24, 2 (Fall 1999). The relationship between IR theory and historical scholarship is also an uneasy one, although there are professional efforts afoot to bridge the gap through an organized APSA section on International History and Politics. See for example John Lewis Gaddis, “History, Science and the Study of International Relations,” in Ngaire Woods, ed. Explaining International Relations since 1945 (1996); Robert Jervis’ comments on the debate over the balance of power and concert approaches to the 19th century system, “A Political Science Perspective on the Balance of Power and the Concert,” American Historical Review 97, 3 (1992); Aaron Friedberg, The Weary Titan: Britain and the Experience of Relative Decline, 1895-1905 and Fareed Zakaria, From Wealth to Power (1999). II. April 7. Models of the International System I: Basic Choices and the Problems They are Supposed to Solve. Robert Jervis, “Cooperation Under the Security Dilemma,” World Politics, 30 (1978), pp. 167- 214. Waltz, Theory of International Politics, chapters 1-6. Helen Milner, “The Assumption of Anarchy in International Relations Theory: A Critique,” in David Baldwin, ed., Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993). David A. Lake, “Anarchy, hierarchy, and the variety of international relations,” International Organization, 50, 1 (Winter 1996), pp. 1-34. Miles Kahler, “Evolution, Choice, and International Change,” in Lake and Powell, eds., Strategic Choice, pp. 165-196. Alexander Wendt, “Anarchy is What States Make of It,” International Organization 46, 2 (1992) 2 Background. On traditional conceptions of the balance of power, see Ernst Haas, “The Balance of Power: Prescription, Concept of Propaganda?” World Politics 5 (1953): 442-477; Hans Morgenthau, Politics Among Nations (many editions); Inis Claude, Power and International Relations (1962), pp. 3-93. John Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (2001) continues this tradition. Edward Gulick’s Europe’s Classical Balance of Power (1967) is an influential historical account on the 19th century system, but see the essay by Jervis cited above. Systems theory rose and fell out of favor, but Robert Jervis, System Effects: Complexity in Political and Social Life (1997) revives it, for example in his discussion of feedback (ch. 4). For more on the debate over neo-realism see John Ruggie, “Continuity and Transformation in the World Polity: Toward a Neorealist Synethsis,” World Politics 35, 2 (1983); Robert Keohane, ed. Neorealism and Its Critics (1986); Barry Buzan, Charles Jones, and Richard Little, The Logic of Anarchy: Neorealism to Structural Realism (1993); David Baldwin, ed. Neorelism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate (1993); Alexander Wendt, Social Theory of International Politics (1999); Emanuel Adler, “Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism and World Politics” European Journal of International Relations 3 (1997); Andrew Moravcsik, “Taking Preferences Seriously: Liberalism and IR Theory,” IO (Autumn 1997) and Jeff Legro and Andrew Moravcsik, “Is Anybody Still a Realist?” International Security 24, 2 (Fall 1999 and the responses in IS 25, 1 [Summer 2000]). Joseph Grieco cast the debate over realism in terms of “relative gains” in Cooperation Among Nations: Europe, America, and Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade (1990), but see Robert Powell “Absolute and Relative Gains in International Relations Theory,” American Political Science Review 85, 4 (1991): 1303- 1320. An important precursor to certain strands of constructivism—although he denied it--is Hedley Bull’s Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics (1977) and the collection Hedley Bull on International Society (2000) edited by Kai Alderson and Andrew Hurrell. A recent exemplar of this tradition is Martha Finnemore, National Interests in International Society (1996) and “Norms, Culture and World Politics: Insights from Sociology’s Institutionalism,” IO 50 (1996): 325-347. On economic models of systemic change, see George Modelski, “The Long Cycle of Global Politics and the Nation State,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 20, 2 (1978): 214-35; Robert Gilpin, War and Change in International Politics (1981); Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 500 to 2000 (1987); Joshua Goldstein, Long Cycles: Prosperity and War in the Modern Age (1988); and Torbjyorn Knutsen, The Rise and Fall of World Orders (1999). For models of the international system that emphasize its hierarchical dimension, see Wolfgang Mommsen, Theories of Imperialism (University of Chicago Press, 1977) for a compact summary of classic theories of imperialism; Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System I (New York: Academic Press) and his many other writings on the “world systems” approach; Robert W. Tucker’s realist account, The Inequality of Nations (New York, Basic Books 1977); Michael W. Doyle, Empires (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986); and Robert W. Cox, Production, Power and World Order (1987); and Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri’s incomprehensible Empire (2000). Inequality has been a central theme in the outpouring of work on “globalization” but the links have not been made to international politics; a useful exception is Andrew Hurrell and Ngaire Woods eds. Inequality, Globalization and World Politics (1999). Samuel Huntington sees the international
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