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River Names As a Testament of Cultural Heritage
ONOMÀSTICA 5 (2019): 65–89 | RECEPCIÓ 28.10.2019 | ACCEPTACIÓ 28.11.2019 River names as a testament of cultural heritage (on hydronyms in the Iskar river basin) Anna Choleva-Dimitrova Department of Onomastics Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences [email protected] Abstract: River names are some of the oldest -onyms on record. The article examines 170 river names from the basin of the Iskar river – the largest tributary of the Danube in Bulgaria. The origin and significance of river names emerge through the application of traditional onomastic methods – onomastic (etymological) analysis and onomastic reconstruction. Comparative onomastic data from adjacent and more distant regions in Bulgaria and the Balkans are also drawn on. Conclusions about the relative antiquity of the hydronyms are drawn. Key words: river name, hydronym, Iskar river, Danube river, tributary of a river Els noms dels rius com a llegat del patrimoni cultural (Sobre hidrònims a la conca del riu Iskar) Resum: Els noms dels rius, o topònims fluvials, són uns dels noms més antics de què es té notícia. L’article examina 170 noms de rius de la conca del riu Iskar —el major afluent del Danubi a Bulgària. Tractem d’aclarir l’origen i la significació d’aquests noms a partir de l’aplicació de mètodes onomàstics tradicionals: anàlisi etimològica i reconstrucció onomàstica. També es recullen dades onomàstiques comparatives de regions de Bulgària i dels Balcans, més properes i més llunyanes. Proposem algunes conclusions sobre l’antiguitat relativa dels hidrònims. Paraules clau: nom de riu, hidrònim, riu Iskar, riu Danubi, afluent d’un riu 1 Introduction Hydronymy is one of the most important branches of onomastics. -
Rila Monastery Nature Park Management Plan 2004-2013
The Minister of the Environment and Waters D. Arsenova Rila Monastery Nature Park Management Plan 2004-2013 DRAFT Adopted by Decision # ххх of the Council of Ministers dated хх.хх, 2004 Presented by ARD/BCEGP in fulfillment of Terms of Reference commissioned by the Ministry of the Environment and Waters, # хх-хх-хххх, March 2001 The drafting and publication of this Management Plan was made possible through the generous support of the Environment, Energy and Social Transition Department of the Europe and Eurasia Desk of the United States Agency for International Development, pursuant to Contract # LAG-I-00-99-00013-00. All opinions expressed herein are solely at the authors’ discretion and do not necessarily reflect the position of the United States Agency for International Development. February, 2004 Team of Authors The Core Planning Team which drafted the present Management Plan for Rila Monastery Nature Park comprises the following members: Dr. Petar Yankov D.Sc. (ecology/zoology), Dr. Dimitar Peev D.Sc. (ecology/botany), Eng. Ventsisval Velichkov (forest engineer), Mrs. Snezhana Kostadinova (sociologist), as well as the members of the Coordinating Team of the BCEG Project, as follows: Dr. Peter Hetz (team leader), Dimitrina Boteva, MSc. (biodiversity expert) and Gergana Pavlova (administrative support). The Extended Planning Team comprises the following members: Eng. Mihail Mihailov, Director of Rila Monastery Nature Park; Ms. Nikolina Georgieva, biodiversity expert with the Directorate Rila Monastery NP, Eng. Vassil Petrov, acting Director of Rila NP, His Eminence Gabriel, Metropolitan Bishop of Lovech, representative of the Holy Synod of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church; the Most Reverend Bishop John, Abbot of Rila Monastery, Eng. -
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DISCOVER THE BULGARIA MACEDONIA KOSOVO EAST! ALBANIA GREECE ROMANIA TURKEY GEORGIA RUSSIA with Top Guides Ltd, Bulgaria www.bulguides.com [email protected] The Classic Pirin and Rila Walking Trip Pirin&Rila Ranges, Bulgaria Overview 8 days/7 nights This is a must do 8-day walking ⛰2925m � 4-8hrs ↝7-14km route that covers the best of the ↑650-1150m ↓650-1000m mountains of Bulgaria and is designed for keen walkers who like Cost for 2 pax: 550EUR/person to spend 5 to 8h/day up the Transfers included: Yes√ mountains, 6 days in a row. The day Luggage Transport: Yes√ treks are strenuous, but totally doable for active people in average Bed&Meals: Yes√ fitness condition. The terrain is Accommodation: Family hotels sometimes rocky and demanding, but the routes entirely follow marked Best season: July to and established tourist hiking September trails within the Rila and Pirin national parks. The route covers the peaks of Polezan and Vihren in the Pirin Mountains, as well as numerous glacial lakes in the area – Todorini, Vasilashki, Bunderishki, Bezbog. Further you`ll visit Rila with the peaks of Musala (the highest on the Balkans) with Musalenski Lakes and Malyovitsa with the Dear`s Lake – both the highest and the most beautiful in the Rila Mountains. A cultural and rest day in the middle of the itinerary includes a visit to the world famous Rila Monastery. Transfers and luggage transfers are provided everyday and hiking is with a day pack only. The accommodation is in family type hotels – 4 nights in Bansko – a small town, located between the main mountain ranges of Bulgaria, and 3 nights in Govedartsi village, Rila. -
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E3S Web of Conferences 101, 01004 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910101004 ICESD 2019 Methodological Guidelines for the Sustainable Development of the Bulgarian Touristic Resorts through Reducing the Harmful Impact of Transport Elenita Velikova1, * 1 Department of Economy of tourism, UNWE, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria Abstract. The achievement of sustainable development of Bulgarian tourist resorts is questionable after the European Commission has put Bulgaria's two-month ultimatum to prove that it can deal with the problem of dirty air. Tourism is a sector that is accused of violating sustainable development due to its many negative environmental impacts. A significant part of the harmful impact is due to the transport used to reach the desired destination and the movement itself. Sustainable development is a key objective of the EU and Bulgaria should not lag behind in terms of the essential indicators for its achievement. This publication aims to propose effective measures to reduce the harmful impact of passenger transport on the environment by establishing sustainable transport practices in touristic resorts. The environmental component of sustainable development is among its main priorities. Based on expert analysis of Bulgarian touristic resorts, our own research and experience in the studied subject will offer effective measures to increase their sustainability by reducing the harmful impact of transport on the environment. 1 Introduction transport practices in tourist destinations and thus contributing to the sustainable development of tourism. In Sustainable development is a topic of importance to the order to achieve the stated objective, the state of the public since the 1990s as a result of human's threatening Bulgarian tourist resorts will be analyzed in relation to impact on Planet Earth. -
In Bulgaria – Plovdiv
ECOLOGIA BALKANICA International Scientific Research Journal of Ecology Special Edition 2 2019 Eight International Conference of FMNS (FMNS-2019) Modern Trends in Sciences South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Faculty of Mathematics & Natural Sciences Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria, 26-30 June, 2019 UNION OF SCIENTISTS IN BULGARIA – PLOVDIV UNIVERSITY OF PLOVDIV PUBLISHING HOUSE ii International Standard Serial Number Online ISSN 1313-9940; Print ISSN 1314-0213 (from 2009-2015) Aim & Scope „Ecologia Balkanica” is an international scientific journal, in which original research articles in various fields of Ecology are published, including ecology and conservation of microorganisms, plants, aquatic and terrestrial animals, physiological ecology, behavioural ecology, population ecology, population genetics, community ecology, plant-animal interactions, ecosystem ecology, parasitology, animal evolution, ecological monitoring and bioindication, landscape and urban ecology, conservation ecology, as well as new methodical contributions in ecology. The journal is dedicated to publish studies conducted on the Balkans and Europe. Studies conducted anywhere else in the World may be accepted only as an exception after decision of the Editorial Board and the Editor-In-Chief. Published by the Union of Scientists in Bulgaria – Plovdiv and the University of Plovdiv Publishing house – twice a year. Language: English. Peer review process All articles included in “Ecologia Balkanica” are peer reviewed. Submitted manuscripts are sent to two or three independent peer reviewers, unless they are either out of scope or below threshold for the journal. These manuscripts will generally be reviewed by experts with the aim of reaching a first decision as soon as possible. The journal uses the double anonymity standard for the peer-review process. -
(DIPTERA) FAUNA from the UPPER ISKAR RIVER CATCHMENT (BULGARIA) – SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION and ECOLOGICAL NOTES Dimitriy Dashinov
Supplement 1 Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection, IX, 2017, p. 16-21 NEW DATA ON THE CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) FAUNA FROM THE UPPER ISKAR RIVER CATCHMENT (BULGARIA) – SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGICAL NOTES Dimitriy Dashinov Abstract: The Chironomid composition was studied in 23 sites from 12 rivers along the upper part of the Iskar River catchment (Danube basin). Samples were gathered using Surber sampler in the summer period of 2015-2016. A total of 54 taxa (from 39 genera and 5 subfamilies) were identified from which 33 taxa were new for the upper Iskar River catchment. Two species were new for Bulgaria: Potthastia montium (Edwards, 1929) and Symbiocladius rhithrogenae (Zavrel, 1924). Two taxa belonged to genera not reported for the Bulgarian fauna – Cryptotendipes sp. and Sympotthastia sp. For most of the rivers the chiro abundance was relatively low with a mean of 60 ind.m-2, which is about 12% of the marozoobenthos community. Key words: Chironomidae, Iskar, Potthastia montium, Symbiocladius rhithrogenae, new records INTRODUCTION The period of sampling was in July - August 2015 and 2016. An overall macrozoobenthos sample On the Chironomidae fauna there is overall data was taken from each site using Surber sampler, for the whole Iskar River [5] [11] as well as from sections according to the adapted for Bulgaria version of the upstream and downstream of Sofia [17]. Along the multi-habitat sampling method [3]. The collected upper Iskar catchment studies of the Chironomidae samples were preserved in 70% alcohol and stored family are few. There is more data on the glacial lakes in the laboratory for further analysis. -
High Mountain Traverses and Via Ferrata
“ODYSSEIA-IN” AND “ZIG ZAG HOLIDAYS” TRAVEL TEAM SOFIA 1000, 20-V “А L. STAMBOLIISKI ”, (ENTRANCE FROM “L AVELE ” STR .) ТЕL : +359 2 989 05 38, FAX : +359 2 980 32 00 www.hiking-bulgaria.com E-mail: [email protected] HHiigghh MMoouunnttaaiinn TTrraavveerrsseess aanndd VViiaa FFeerrrraattaa BBUULLGGAARRIIAA TTRRIIPP DDOOSSSSIIEERR “ODYSSEIA-IN” AND “ZIG ZAG HOLIDAYS” TRAVEL TEAM SOFIA 1000, 20-V “А L. STAMBOLIISKI ”, (ENTRANCE FROM “L AVELE ” STR .) ТЕL : +359 2 989 05 38, FAX : +359 2 980 32 00 www.hiking-bulgaria.com E-mail: [email protected] Focus: Strenuous Hiking and traverse Duration: 9 days Period: July 1 – August 30 Trip Highlights: • Traverse on the highest peak on the Balkans – Mussala (2925m) • Via Ferrata on Malyovitsa Peak • Traverse on “The Horse” Marble Ridge in Pirin Mountains (UNESCO) • Visit of the biggest Orthodox Sanctuary – Rila Monastery (UNESCO) Difficulty: Strenuous/ Previous experience required TRIP SUMMARY: HAVE YOU EVER HEARD OF “T HE LITTLE HORSE ” MARBLE RIDGE ? WELL , YOU DON ’T NEED TO BE A HORSEBACK RIDER , NEITHER A GREAT ALPINIST TO VISIT THEM ! JUST JOIN US ON THIS HIGH -MOUNTAIN ADVENTURE AND WE WILL SHOW YOU BULGARIA FROM A DIFFERENT ANGLE . THE TOUR PASSES THROUGH RILA AND PIRIN NATIONAL PARKS – REVEALING ONE OF THE MOST STUNNING ALPINE VIEWS TO BE SEEN IN BULGARIA . WE START THE TRIP WITH TRAVERSE ON THE HIGHEST PEAK ON THE BALKANS – MUSSALA (2925 M). NEXT , TRAVERSE TO MALYOVITSA PEAK (2729 M) PASSING THROUGH THE HIGHEST VIA FERRATA IN THE COUNTRY – “T HE DOLL ”. IN OUR THIRD DAY , WE WILL GET TO THE “E VIL TOOTH ” PEAK (2678 M), LATER A STEEP 1000 M-DESCENT THROUGH “T HE WHITE CULOIR ” WILL LEAD US TO THE CULTURAL TREASURE OF BULGARIA – RILA MONASTERY (UNESCO). -
The Role of Bulgarian Monasteries in the Preservation of Culture
Preservation of Soul and Spirit: The Role of Bulgarian Monasteries in the Preservation of Culture Objectives: A. The student will be able to explain the function of monasteries. B. The student will be able to identify the geographic location of significant Bulgarian monasteries. C. The student will be able to describe the contributions of Bulgarian monasteries. Overview The context for this curriculum unit could be in conjunction with such topics as medieval life in World History; Comparative Religion; or European studies in Global Studies. In World Geography, this unit could be used as a supplement to European studies; a stand-alone unit on the role of geography in creating sacred spaces, or perhaps an introduction to the connections between geography and culture. Depending on the course and make-up of the class, I would recommend introducing this topic by discussing monastic life. For that reason, included in this unit is a brief overview of monasticism. References for this section are found at the conclusion. Procedure 1) Students will locate Bulgaria on a world map and identify its borders. 2) Students will read Handouts 1-4 then discuss the accompanying questions. 3) Students will locate and mark the following monasteries on their maps of Bulgaria: Rila, Bachovo, Troyen. Extension As a culminating activity, students can brainstorm about what parts of their culture they would try to save, if threatened by cultural extinction. Help students to identify their culture(s) by asking questions about traditions, language(s), music, dance, etc. Students could then compile cultural narratives. For example, would certain works of literature be important to save? Which ones? How would students choose? How would students save these works? Handout 1 Monastic Life What are monasteries? Why do they exist? Who lives there? Some students may think first of Roman Catholic monks, dressed in robes, perhaps copying manuscripts, and living in tiny rooms. -
Super Borovets Investment
Equest Investments Balkans Ltd Europe | Investment Companies | EIB | EIB LN 19 July 2007 S Land acquisition lifts NAV Recommendation Buy NAV at 31/12/06 1 €17.90 Estimated NAV £16.71 * Float part of Technomarket 2,3 +€4.85 Estimated NAV date y/e 2007 results Increase in Borovets land valuation 3 +€2.09 Current price £11.05 Estimated NAV, for y/e 2007 3,5 €24.84 Discount 8.5% (to actual NAV) Sterling equivalent at current exchange rate 4 £16.71 Discount 33.9% (to est NAV)* Trade sale/revalue of Auto Italia in 2008 2 +€1.33 Estimated NAV, for y/e 2008 3 €26.17 *Collins Stewart estimates Sterling equivalent at current exchange rate 4 £17.61 Note 1: after deduction of all AIM admission and fundraising costs. Note 2: See previous note dated 2/5/07 covering this NAV uplift. Note 3: Collins Stewart estimates. Note 4: Assuming no change in current £:€ exchange rates. Note 5: CBRE re-valuation adds €1.00, recent deals add €2.09 Borovets land purchase Stock Performance Equest Investments Balkans (EIB) has announced details of this transaction on 2 million m2 of agricultural land to be developed into the Super Borovets Ticker EIB ski region. SEDOL B1JTHF8 ISIN VGG308591053 Valuation increase Domicile BVI The deal was agreed in Dec 06 at a price of €39.1psm. In Apr 07 the land Exchange AIM and Dublin was valued at €75psm. It has nearly doubled in value, primarily because the NAV per share (€) €17.90 master plan has been approved in the intervening period and the land use NAV per share (£) £12.04 * has changed from agricultural to regulated. -
Pirin and Rila Ranges
Ski Touring in Bulgaria – Pirin and Rila ranges Day 1: Arrival at Sofia aiprort. Meet with your guide. 2.45h transfer to the town of Bansko in the Pirin Mountains. Accommodation in a hotel in Bansko for 4 nights, welcome dinner. Day 2: Pirin Mountains - Bezbog area. Morning 30 min. transfer takes us to the bottom station of Bezbog chair lift. We take it up to Bezbog Hut at 2240 m. From here we ascent to one of the highest peaks of Pirin Mountains – Mount Polezan (2851 m). A few options for the descent, according to the conditions. Total for the day: +600/-1700 m or +1200/-2300 m (option for a second ascent). Polezan area Day 3: Pirin Mountains - Hvoynati Peak. We’ll spend the day in the area of the highest peak of Pirin Mountains (Mount Vihren). Drive from Bansko to the ski zone above the town – 20 min. We skin up to Vihren Hut at 1950 m starting from 1650 m for about an hour. Our route goes further up along the valley near Muratovo Lake and finally to the top of Hvoynati Peak (2635 m) that offers a great close view towards the giant Vihren Peak. We’ve got a few options to descent according to the snow conditions. We ski back down all the way to Bansko. Total for the day: +1000/-1700 m Hvoynati Peak Day 4: Pirin Mountains – Todorka Peak. Today we use the lift system of the resort in order to get quick access to the highest parts of the mountain. A 1h ridge walk (boot crampons required) starts from the top lift station at 2550. -
MIT SUMMIT from Skiing, Snowboarding and Mountaineering Experiences
Bulgaria boasts the full range of terrains, landscapes and opportunities for adventure any outdoor enthusiast may dream of. Mountains rising over 2,900 m, more FROM SUMMIT than 200 mountain lodges and over 300 alpine lakes, clearwater rivers and canyons, tens of thousands of kilometres of marked hiking trails, a well-developed system of TO SEA protected areas, and more than 300 km of coastline. ADVENTURE TRAVEL ADVENTURE TRAVEL ADVENTURE Every time of the year brings new adventure. In spring we open the rafting, kayaking and FOUR canyoning season along high-water rivers, we climb old and new routes, we marvel at the sheer scale of bird migration, and we pitch camp for a long, nine-month season that’s also great for SEASONS cycling throughout. In summer we hike through cool ancient forests, we balance on challenging rocky arêtes, we fly, we surf, we dive and enjoy plunging in water. In autumn we are still high up in the mountains, hiking and trekking, and we continue camping. Winter rewards us with great skiing, snowboarding and mountaineering experiences. bulgariatravel.org ADVENTURE TRAVEL bulgariatravel.org 360mag.bg hiking-bulgaria.com stenata.com 2021 ADVENTURE TRAVEL IN BULGARIA - AIR - CONTENTS 74 PARA-/ HANG GLIDING Sopot 75 SKYDIVING Montana - HIGHLIGHTS - 76 BUNGEE 6 FROM SEA TO SUMMIT 77 HOT-AIR BALLOONS FOUR SEASONS 8 - MOUNTAINS - - CYCLING - 32 NATURAL DIVERSITY 58 MARKED/TRACKED ROAD AND MOUNTAIN BIKE ROUTES 34 MOUNTAIN LODGES AND SPORTS CENTRES Rudopia Belmeken High-Altitude Sports Complex Trans- Rhodope Bike Trail Malyovitsa -
Cimas Del Balcán
Cimas del Balcán Rila - Bansko - Trekking en las Montañas Pirin - Melnik - Sofia 06 - 15 AGO 2021 (10 días) V2393 Tamaño del grupo: reducido (5 - 8 pax) Lo Mejor de la Montaña Búlgara Bulgaria es un país con una enorme presencia de la naturaleza, especialmente atractivo para el senderismo y el montañismo, sobre todo en su parte oeste, al sur de la capital, Sofía, en dirección hacia Grecia, donde iremos encontrando sucesivos parques nacionales cada vez más espectaculares. La mayor parte de nuestro viaje se desarrollará en los parques nacionales de Rila y Pirin. Parque Nacional Rila Sin duda el tesoro de este Parque son los Siete Lagos de Rila, un grupo de lagos de origen glaciar situados cada uno a distinta altura, formando una especie de escalones naturales gigantes. Conoceremos también los Lagos de Malyovitsa, bajo el pico del mismo nombre, y el espectacular circo glaciar del Monte Musala (2.925 m), el más alto de Bulgaria y de los Balcanes. Para acabar, no olvidaremos el otro gran punto de interés de Rila, que es su monasterio, auténtico centro espiritual y cultural de Bulgaria que visitaremos extensamente. La Alta Ruta de los Refugios del Parque Nacional Pirin En Pirin comenzaremos ascendiendo el Pico Vihren (2.914 m), segunda cima de Bulgaria y la más elevada de esta cordillera. Seguidamente, desde la base del Vihren, iniciaremos un mini trekking de tres etapas en el que recorreremos el Parque Nacional de norte a sur, finalizando en el Monasterio de Rozhen. Pernoctaremos en refugios, que como el de Tevno, están situados en luagres paradisíacos; pasearemos por frondosos bosques de pinos y abetos, circos glaciares cubiertos de lagunas y podremos relajarnos en fantásticos pastos de altura, que en esta época se cubren de flores alpinas.