Historia naturalis bulgarica, 23: 37-99, 2016

The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains

Zdravko Hubenov

Abstract: A total of 1003 two-winged species that belong to 58 families have been reported from the Rila Mts. The Tachinidae (162 species or 16.1%) and Syrphidae (149 species or 14.8%) are the most numerous. The great number of species (736 species – 73.4%) has been found in the beech forest belt. The established species belong to 84 areographical categories. The dipterous fauna can be divided into two main groups: 1) species with Mediterranean type of distribution (48 species or 4.8%): more thermophilic and distributed mainly in the southern parts of the Palaearctic. Three species of southern type, distributed in the Palaearctic and beyond it, can be formally related to this group as well; 2) species with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution (955 species or 95.2%): more cold-resistant and widely distributed in the Palaearctic. Two hundred fifty-five species of northern type, distributed in the Palaearctic and beyond it, can be formally related to this group as well. The Holomediterranean (eight species or 0.8%) and South European (seven spe- cies or 0.7%) forms are best represented in the first group. The European (183 species or 18.2%), Holarctic (124 species or 12.4%), Holoeurosiberian (82 species or 8.2%) and Transpalaearctic (78 species or 7.8%) taxa prevail in the second group. The endemic species are 12 (1.2%). The zoogeographical character of the fauna is determined by the second group. The distribution of the separate categories in the vegetation belts of the Rila Mts. is presented.

Key words: Diptera, Bulgaria, Rila Mts., faunistic composition, areographical characteristics

Introduction The first data on Diptera of the Rila Mts. were 1982, 1984, 1985, 1995, 2004a, 2004b, 2007, 2008, reported by Joakimoff (1899) and Nedelkov 2009, 2013; Beiger, 1979; Hubenov, 1980, 1983; (1909, 1910, 1912). Between the two world wars Trenchev, 1980a, 1980b, 1980c, 1980d; Barták, Enderlein (1924, 1926), Czerný (1930), Komarek 1981; Lehr, 1981; Joost, 1982; Lauterer, 1983; & Vimmer (1934), Szilády (1934), Zilahi (1934), Krzemiński, 1984; Lavčiev et al., 1984; Väisänen, Drenski (1934, 1939a, 1939b, 1943), Drenowsky 1984; Mendl, 1986; Krzemiński & Starý, 1989; (1936, 1939), Jacentkovsky (1936, 1937, 1939), Michailova, 1989; Povolný & Verves, 1990; Lackschewitz (1940a, 1940b), Buhr (1941) and Bechev, 1991, 1994, 1996, 2001, 2004, 2006, 2010; Arndt (1943) published data on the two-winged Beschovski & Minkova, 1991; Skuhrava et al., fauna from the mountain. After the World War II, 1991; Beschovsky, Langourov, 1997; Markova, the first work which included materials from the 1997, 2006; Ganeva, 1998, 1999, 2000; Beshovski Rila Mts., was published by Nikolova (1950). Then & Zatwarnicki, 2000, 2001a, 2001b, 2002, 2004; significant number of articles related to dipterans of Dzhambazov, 2000; Kechev, 2005, 2006, 2007, the Rila Mts., including applied entomological works 2010; Papp, 2010). The hydrobiological (Valkanov, as well, (Buresch & Lazarov, 1956; Drenski, 1941; Dimitrov, 1962, 1963, 1966; Russev, 1966; 1957a, 1957b, 1958; Marinov, 1957; Božkov, 1959, Kovachev, 1973, 1976, 2000; Stoichev, 1996, 1991; Grigorov, 1962; Naidenow, 1962; Lavčiev, 2000a, 2000b, 2002, 2004; Stoichev, Chernev, 2001; 1964a, 1964b, 1966, 1967, 1980, 2003; Rozkošny, Stoichev, Danova, 2003) and biospeleological stud- 1965; Leclercq, 1966; Bankowska, 1967a, 1967b; ies (Beron, 1994, 2006, 2015) have a faunistic con- Hradsky & Moucha, 1967; Olsufjev et al., 1967; tribution. Beron, 1972; Chvala et al., 1972; Starý, 1973, 1974a, The data are fragmentary, concern separated 1974b, 1976; Jeljasova, 1975; Beshovski, 1978, parts of the mountain and are scattered in different 38 Zdravko Hubenov articles which are not specially referred to the Rila is 2629 km2 (2.37% of the Bulgarian territory), with Mts. There are more systematic studies of the explored the average height of 1487 m and 18 peaks over 2700 territory for the families Limoniidae, Cecidomyiidae, m a.s.l. and more than 100 peaks above 2000 m a.s.l. Simuliidae, Chironomidae, Syrphidae, Agromyzidae, It is divided into four parts: Nortwest (Lakatishka Chloropidae, Muscidae and Tachinidae. Generalised Rila, ridges Otovitsa-Kabul, Polich-Kalin and studies on the Diptera fauna of the Rila Mts. are lack- Malyovitsa-Mechit), Central (ridges Skakavitsa ing. In the management plan of the Rila National and Rilets), East (ridges Musala and Ibar) and Park, the dipterans (386 species) are scrutinized ac- Southwest (ridges Arizmanitsa and Ravnik). The cording to parts of the mountains, without exact lo- Rila Mts. represent a silicate massif consisting essen- calities (Hubenov et al., 2000) and without including tially of granites. In the Pleistocene glacial forms (car- all families. In the ecological assessment of the Rila lings, cirques, trog valleys and moraines) have been Monastery Nature Park (Peev, 2003), the dipterans formed. Gravity forms of alpine type (screes, stone are not included. rivers and seas, snowslide cones, gullies and moraine The aim of this paper is to collate the data con- shafts) are characteristic of its high parts The Rila cerning the study level, fauna and zoogeography of Mts. are under the influence of the Intermediate- the two-winged insects of the Rila Mts., Rila National Continental and Continental-Mediterranean cli- Park and Rila Monastery Nature Park. matic regions and include parts of the Rila-Osogovo and Mountain climatic regions (Stanev, 1991). The Study Area, Materials and Methods Rila Mts. are a main hydrographic node, from which originate the Iskar, Maritsa and Mesta Rivers. In the Rila Mts. are situated in the South-West cirques of the Rila Mts., 190 glacial lakes are situ- Bulgaria. To the north Dzhubrena River, Klisurska ated. Most lakes are situated between 2300 and 2400 Col (1025 m a.s.l.) and Klisurchitsa River sepa- m a.s.l. The Ledenoto Ezero Lake below the Musala rate it from the Verila Mts. The Samokovsko Field Peak is the highest (2709 m a.s.l.). The Rila Mts. be- (950 m a.s.l.), Bistritsa River, Borovetska Col (1305 long to the same titled region of the Illyrian Province m a.s.l.), the Malka Slivnitsa, Slivnitsa and Maritsa of the European deciduous forest area. The vegeta- Rivers (until Dolnya Banya Town – 640 m a.s.l.) tion is differentiated in a system of six vegetation separate it from the Ihtimanska Sredna Gora Mts. zones (Stojanov, 1966; Velchev et al., 1982, 1989; The Kostenets-Dolna Banya Basin (520-680 m a.s.l.) Velchev, Tonkov, 1986; Bondev, 1991, 1997, 2002; and Maritsa River, until the confluence of Yadenitsa Velchev, 1997, 2002): 1) Xerothermic oak forests, River, separate the Rila Mts. from the most south- best presented in the northeast, west and south-west eastern parts of the Ihtimanska Sredna Gora Mts. To hillsides up to 500-700 m a.s.l.; 2) Mesophylic and the east the border runs along the Yadenitsa River, xeromesophylic mixed forests, well presented in the Yundola Col (1375 m a.s.l.), Yundola Village (1400 west, east and south-east hillsides – from 600-700 m m a.s.l.), Lyuta Reka River, Avramova Col (1295 m to 900-1000 m a.s.l.; 3) Beech forests, best presented a.s.l.), Dreshenets River and Mesta River until Razlog in the north, northeast and west parts of the moun- Basin (940 m a.s.l.) which separates the Rila Mts. tain – from 900-1000 m to 1500-1600 m a.s.l.; 4) from the Rhodope Mts. To the south the mountain Coniferous forests, best presented in the north, east reaches the Razlog Basin and is separated from the and south hillsides – from 1500-1600 m to 2000-2200 Pirin Mts. through the Rablevska Reka River, Predel m a.s.l.; 5) Subalpine vegetation – from 2000-2200 Col (1140 m a.s.l.) and the Kulina, Elovitsa and to 2500 m a.s.l.; 6) Alpine vegetation – above 2400- Gradevska Rivers. To the west the mountain borders 2500 m a.s.l. Under the human impact the vegetation on the valley of the Struma River from the conflu- has undergone destructive changes, expressed most ence of the Gradevska River (Simitli Basin – 360 m strongly in the first two zones. Native vegetation in a.s.l.), through the Blagoevgrad Basin (360 m a.s.l.) many places is destroyed and replaced by cultivated until the confluence of the Dzherman River and the and derivative wood, shrubby and grass communi- Dzherman Valley from its confluence into the Struma ties. The boundaries between the vegetation belts are River until Dupnitsa Plain (400-700 m a.s.l.). not defined clearly and depending on the exposure, The Rila Mts. are a part of the Rila-Rhodope topography and human activities there are mixed massif and belongs to the Rila-Pirin mountain group. zones up to 200-300 m a.s.l. The Rila Mts. belong to The mountain stretches west-east and is over 70 km the Rila-Rhodope Zoogeographical Region and have long and 50 km wide. The maximum height at Musala an Eurosiberian faunistic character (Georgiev, 1982, Peak is 2925 m a.s.l.. The total area of the mountain 2002). The mountains are the richest in endemics The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 39

(268) and relicts (230) area in Bulgaria (Hubenov, Abbreviations used: Figures – numbers of the 2008). localities in Table 1 and numbers in the References, The territory of the Rila National Park includes Roman numbers – months of flight activity or pe- 81046 ha with the reserves Parangalitsa (1509 ha), riod of collecting, ● – Rila National Park, ♦ – Rila Central Rila Reserve (12393.7 ha), Ibar (2248.6 ha) Monastery Nature Park, ? – uncertain data or lack and Skakavitsa (70.8 ha). The park’s boundary rarely of data, +++ – species, reported for the first time descends below 1000 m a.s.l. (in the northeast and and localities, from which species are reported for west parts) and usually lies considerably higher (above the first time, atm – Afrotropical-Mediterranean, 1500-2000 m a.s.l.). The Rila Monastery Nature Park ba – Boreoalpine, ban – Balkan-Anatolian, bm – (27270 ha) with the Rila Monastery Forest Reserve Boreomontane, cee – Central and East European, (3678 ha) is also included in the mountains’ territory. cse – Central and South European, csean – Central The protected areas cover over 40% of the total area and South European-Anatolian, csee – Central of the mountain. and South-East European, cseean – Central and The material from the Rila Mts. has been collect- South-East European-Anatolian, cseeit – Central ed after 1890 and the main part of it is stored in the and South-East European-Iran-Тuranian, cseel National Museum of Natural History and the Institute – Central and South-East European-Lebanonian, of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research. A number cseit – Central and South European-Iran-Тuranian, of foreign entomologists have collected and pub- csena – Central and South European-North lished materials from Bulgaria, containing data about African, des – Disjunct Eurosiberian, dp – Disjunct the Rila Mts. The material is collected from 160 lo- Palaearctic, dpo – Disjunct Palaearctic-Oriental, calities (Table 1), combined in several starting points: e – European, ean – European-Anatolian, eanna – south of Sapareva Banya Town, Panichishte holi- European-Anatolian-North African, Eb – Balkan day resort, Govedartsi Village, Samokov Town, Beli endemic, Ebg – Bulgarian endemic, Ebs – Balkan Iskar Village, Borovets Resort and Kostenets Village; subendemic, eca – European-Central Asian, eeca south-east of Dupnitsa Town; east of the Rila Town, – East European-Central Asian, eit – European- Pastra Village and Blagoevgrad Town; surroundings Iran-Тuranian, em – East Mediterranean, ena – of the Rila Monastery; west of Yundola Area; nort- European-North African, Er – Regional endemic, west of Yakoruda Town; surroundings of the cha- esanca – Eurosiberian-Anatolian-Central Asian, lets Lovna, Vada, Skakavitsa, Rilski Ezera, Sedemte esca – Eurosiberian-Central Asian, ess – European Ezera, Malyovitsa, Yastrebets, Musala, Zavrachitsa, and South Siberian, eswa – European-South-West Granchar, Ribni Ezera, Belmeken, Treshtenik, Asian, et – European-Turanian, ewca – European- Makedoniya and Semkovo Holiday Resort. Some col- West Central Asian, h – Holarctic, h* – species intro- lectors did not give accurate localities on the labels duced in North America, ha – Holarctic-Australian, and indicated only the Rila Mts. (for 111 species). For hat – Holarctic-Afrotropical, hata – Holarctic- a number of widespread and numerous species the Afrotropical-Australian, hn – Holarctic-Neotropical, authors did not give the localities and mentioned they hnat – Holarctic-Neotropical-Afrotropical, hno occur everywhere. Such species are included in the – Holarctic-Neotropical-Oriental, ho – Holarctic- review only if they are reported from the Rila Mts. Oriental, hoa – Holarctic-Oriental-Australian, hoes – Zoogeographical analysis for the species cat- Holoeurosiberian, hom – Holomediterranean, hop – egorisation was used. This method allows obtain- Holopalaearctic, hpt – Holarctic-Paleotropical, hpta – ing data information about species complexes with Holarctic-Paleotropical-Australian, hptn – Holarctic- different zoogeographical character based on the Paleotropical-Neotropical, I – introduced species published data regarding species distribution and re- (immigrants), k – Cosmopolitan, m – montane, mca sults of the faunistic research. The classification of – Mediterranean-Central Asian, mss – Mediterranean the areas is based on the works of de Lattin (1967), and South Siberian, msws – Mediterranean and Malicky et al. (1983), Gorodkov (1984) and South-West Siberian, mt – Mediterranean-Turanian, Vigna Taglianti et al. (1999). The inversion of the mwca – Mediterranean-West Central Asian, nemit traditional nomenclature and the border between – Northeast Mediterranean-Iran-Тuranian, nm – the West and East Palaearctic along the Ural Mts. of North Mediterranean, nmca – North Мediterranean- Vigna Taglianti et al. (1999) is not accepted (the Central Asian, nmt – North Мediterranean-Тuranian, border runs along the Yenisey River). To compare om – Oriental-Mediterranean, pa – Palaearctic- the fauna, Czekanowski-Dice-Sörensen coeffi- Australian, pat – Palaearctic-Afrotropical, pata cient of similarity was used. – Palaearctic-Afrotropical-Australian, po – 40 Zdravko Hubenov

Table 1. Localities of Diptera from the Rila Mts.

Altitude Number Localities GPS Navigation (°N, °E) UTM Kode (m a.s.l.) of species 1. Bahchalaka (near Bistritsa Village) 1200 42°03’12.20”; 23°13’56.40” FM85 1 GM16, 2. Bela Mesta River 960-1650 19 GM25, GM26 3. Beli Iskar River 1070-1850 GM08, GM17 23 4. Beli Iskar Village (above the village) 1140 42°15’59.71”; 23°32’26.42” GM08 1 5. Beli Iskar River, near Kovach Peak 2300-2500 42°06’51.16”; 23°34’18.53” GM16 4 6. Belishka (Belichka) Reka River 1000-1600 GM05, GM14 16 7. Belichki Mochuri (near Skakavitsa Lake) 2200 42°12’42.27”; 23°18’23.00” FM97 1 8. Belmeken Chalet, surroundings 2100-2300 42°11’33.24”; 24°44’57.01” GM27 16 9. Belmeken Peak, surroundings 2626 42°10’49.79”; 23°46’18.05” GM27 6 10. Belovo (above Belovo, Maritsa River) 350-400 42°12’33.11”; 24°00’33.76” KG57 37 11. Belovo (near Golyamo Belovo, Yadenitsa River) 440 42°11’15.47”; 23°59’08.73” GM47 6 12. Bistritsa River near Samokov 984 42°19’08.77”; 23°33’43.46” GM18 3 (Musalenska Bistritsa River) 13. Bistritsa Village, above Blagoevgrad 590 42°03’13.74”; 23°11’02.95” FM85 16 14. Blagoevgrad Town 400-450 42°01’23.82”; 23°06’22.43” FM75 98 FM75, FM85, 15. Blagoevgradska Bistritsa River 430-2050 29 FM95, GM05 16. Blagoevgradska Bistritsa River, above 480 42°02’26.23”; 23°08’52.65” FM75 11 Blagoevgrad 17. Blagoevgradska Bistritsa River, above Bistritsa 671 42°03’01.51”; 23°12’32.96” FM85 7 Village 18. Blagoevgradska Bistritsa River near Haydushka 1568 42°02’29.48”; 23°22’36.93” FM95 11 Reka River 19. Blagoevgradska Bistritsa River near Macedoniya 2003 42°02’40.00”; 23°25’02.16” FM95, GM05 6 Chalet 20. Blagoevgradska Bistritsa River (the springs) 2465 42°03’27.08”; 23°26’26.16” GM05 3 21. Borovets Resort, surroundings 1230-1400 42°15’50.30”; 23°36’23.65” GM18 179 22. Borovets (above Borovets) 1400-1600 42°15’34.44”; 23°36’31.96” GM18 15 23. Brichebor Peak, surroundings 2104 42°07’10.82”; 23°21’21.83” FM96 16 24. Chadartepe Peak 1789 42°05’07.82”; 23°48’01.16” GM36 4 25. Chanagyolski Ezera Lakes 2216-2353 FM97 1 26. Chanagyolski Ezera – Dolen Chanak Lake 2216 42°12’05.45”; 23°19’50.90” FM97 2 27. Chanagyolski Ezera – Goren Chanak Lake 2353 42°11’57.44”; 23°19’33.44” FM97 6 28. Cherna Mesta River 1000-1300 GM25, GM26 19 29. Cherna Mesta River, above Yakoruda 960 42°02’14.21”; 23°42’47.64” GM25 3 30. Chernata Skala (south-east of Borovets) 1400 42°15’40.95”; 23°28’30.22” GM18 3 31. Cherni (Pravi) Iskar River 1060-2350 FM97, GM08 29 32. Cherni Iskar River near Govedartsi Village 1170-1200 42°15’33.13”; 23°27’54.64” GM08 2 33. Dagonovo Village (near Belitsa Town) 820 41°57’18.46”; 23°35’36.57” GM14 28 34. Dobro Pole (near Blagoevgradska Bistritsa River) 1350-1400 42°02’38.95”; 23°20’38.34” FM95 3 35. Dobro Pole (near Kravarsko Dere River) 1800-2000 42°04’21.08”; 23°19’55.64” FM96, FM95 1 36. Dolna Banya Holiday complex (above Dolna 800-1000 42°16’05.16”; 23°43’49.70” GM28 42 Banya, near Bistritsa River) 37. Dospey Village (near Samokov) 1000-1030 42°18’41.97”; 23°30’38.09” GM08 7 38. Drushlyavitsa River 1200-2300 FM97, FM96 2 39. Dupnitsa Town, surroundings 550-650 42°15’16.35”; 23°08’01.25” FM78 47 40. Dzhanka (col, Dolni Kuki), surroundings 2250-2335 42°07’31.26”; 23°34’49.59” GM16 1 The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 41

Table 1. Continued

Altitude Number Localities GPS Navigation (°N, °E) UTM Kode (m a.s.l.) of species FM88, FM98, 41. Dzherman River 750-2100 12 FM97 42. Eleni Vrah Peak 2654 42°10’06.17”; 23°22’02.30” FM97 1 43. Elenski Ezera Lakes 2470-2500 42°10’20.75”; 23°22’09.66” FM97 1 44. Eleshnitsa Chalet 2200 42°10’40.88”; 23°17’11.36” FM87 3 45. Eleshnitsa (mountain holiday resort) 900-950 42°07’15.47”; 23°16’33.39” FM86 6 46. Govedartsi Village, surroundings 1170-1200 42°15’33.13”; 23°27’54.64” GM08 36 47. Granchar Chalet, surroundings 2192-2400 42°07’16.86”; 23°35’37.26” GM16 6 48. Granchar Lake (Grancharski Ezera Lakes) 2190 42°07’11.63”; 23°35’33.65” GM16 1 49. Grancharitsa River 1700-2190 GM16 3 50. Grancharitsa River, near Granchar Chalet 2100 42°07’28.75”; 23°35’45.99” GM16 1 51. Ibar Peak, surroundings 2666 42°09’19.14”; 23°44’11.34” GM27 1 52. Ibar River, surroundings 1000-1750 GM27 1 53. Iskar River, near Samokov 966 42°19’18.42”; 23°33’13.61” GM18 2 54. Kamenitsa River 750-2300 FM86, FM87 2 55. Kirilova (Partizanska) Polyana 1350-1475 42°09’14.17”; 23°23’54.67” FM96, FM97 53 56. Klisura Village 1000-1030 42°19’45.24”; 23°21’56.53” FM98 2 57. Kobilino Branishte (col) 2145 42°10’27.26”; 23°27’05.81” GM07 3 58. Kocherinovo Town, surroundings 430-450 42°05’40.97”; 23°04’29.61” FM76 3 59. Kostenets Village (above Kostenets Village, near 900 42°14’53.22”; 23°48’16.12” GM38 44 the Kostenski waterfall) 60. Kovach (Nalbant) Peak, surroundings 2550-2634 42°06’08.00”; 23°34’21.03” GM16 1 61. Kravarsko (Dobropolsko) Dere River 1000-2200 FM96 30 62. Leva Reka River (Gorna Leva Reka) 1800-2250 GM07 4 63. Levi Iskar River 1250-2200 GM07, GM08 15 64. Macedoniya Chalet (below the chalet) 2003 42°02’40.00”; 23°25’02.16” FM95, GM05 5 65. Mala Tsarkva Village, above the village (near 1400 42°14’16.21”; 23°31’09.84” GM08 6 Levi Iskar River) 66. Malyovitsa Chalet, surroundings 1960 42°11’20.30”; 23°22’27.13” FM97 47 67. Malyovitsa Peak, surroundings 2729 42°10’22.27”; 23°21’44.58” FM97 1 68. Malyovitsa Ridge (Dalgiya Rid) 1700 42°09’00.71”; 23°21’05.39” FM96, FM97 2 69. Malyovitsa River 1350-2350 FM97 16 70. Marichini Ezera Lakes – Dolno Lake 2368 42°09’51.70”; 23°35’45.58” GM17 6 71. Marichini Ezera Lakes – Gorno Lake 2378 42°09’41.44”; 23°35’45.99” GM17 5 GM17, 72. Maritsa River 860-2375 1 GM18, GM28 73. Maritsa River near Belovo 340 42°13’34.94”; 23°59’19.17” KG57 3 74. Maritsa River near Kostenets 512 42°18’36.11”; 23°50’51.44” GM38 2 75. Maritsa River near Momina Klisura 370-380 42°13’53.40”; 23°57’36.12” GM47 4 76. Maritsa River near Raduil Village 860-900 42°16’59.64”; 23°41’09.08” GM28 6 77. Maritsa River near Saragyol place 1650-2000 42°13’09.14”; 23°38’34.42” GM17 3 78. Maritsa River, springs 2370-2550 GM17 2 GM25, 79. Mesta River 780-970 4 GM15, GM14 80. Mesta River (confluence of the rivers Bela and 960 42°02’18.38”; 23°42’39.28” GM25 3 Cherna Mesta) 81. Mesta River, above Yakoruda 930 42°01’52.05”; 23°41’33.18” GM25 4 82. Mesta River, below Yakoruda 868 42°00’46.19”; 23°38’56.64” GM15 5 42 Zdravko Hubenov

Table 1. Continued

Altitude Number Localities GPS Navigation (°N, °E) UTM Kode (m a.s.l.) of species 83. Mursalevo Village 460 42°07’17.48”; 23°03’35.22” FM66, FM76 4 84. Musala Chalet, surroundings 2100-2389 42°11’51.12”; 23°35’17.70” GM17 31 85. Musala Peak, surroundings 2600-2925 42°10’45.20”; 23°35’06.14” GM17 8 86. Musalenska Bistritsa River 900-2390 GM17, GM18 19 87. Musalenska Bistritsa, above Samokov 1040 42°18’09.04”; 23°34’08.51” GM18 4 88. Musalenska Bistritsa near Samokov 980 42°19’09.53”; 23°33’42.31” GM18 4 89. Musalenski Ezera Lakes 2389-2709 GM17 2 90. Musalenski Ezera – Alekovo Lake 2545 42°11’24.39”; 23°34’59.30” GM17 2 91. Musalenski Ezera – Dolno Lake 2389 42°11’48.12”; 23°35’16.30” GM17 1 92. Musalenski Ezera – Karakashevo Lake 2391 42°11’34.87”; 23°35’25.78” GM17 1 93. Musalenski Ezera – Ledenoto Lake 2709 42°10’55.54”; 23°35’20.08” GM17 2 94. Musalenski Ezera – No 4 2487 42°11’41.20”; 23°35’00.91” GM17 2 95. Musalenski Ezera – No 6 2390 42°11’42.29”; 23°35’19.62” GM17 1 96. Ovcharchenski Vodopad Waterfall 900 42°16’08.72”; 23°13’35.33” FM88 9 97. Parangalitsa Reserve 1500-1550 42°02’32.36”; 23°22’13.62” FM95, GM05 120 98. Parangalitsa Reserve – Field Station IBER, BAS 1550 42°02’30.52”; 23°22’34.01” FM95 3 99. Parangalitsa, near Haydushka River 1568 42°02’29.48”; 23°22’36.93” FM95 2 100. Pastra Village 800-1000 42°07’31.39”; 23°14’06.26” FM86 18 101. Pazardere River 2250-2500 FM97 1 102. Pionerska Chalet 1520 42°14’05.82”; 23°20’37.34” FM97 5 103. Predela (col, west of Razlog) 1142 41°52’54.41”; 23°20’55.39” FM93, FM94 30 104. Predela, surroundings 850-1150 41°53’52.95”; 23°19’19.61” FM93, FM94 45 105. Preka Reka River 1300-2400 FM97 20 106. Prodanov Rid Ridge (Prodanovska Planina) 950-1030 42°20’51.39”; 23°31’56.79” GM09 7 107. Raduil Village (near Borovets) 800-850 42°17’15.76”; 23°41’05.31” GM28 16 108. Ribni Ezera Chalet, surroundings 2200-2300 42°06’45.21”; 23°29’39.12” GM06 4 109. Rila Mts. (without exact locality) 340-2925 111 110. Rila Town, surroundings 545 42°07’54.78”; 23°08’26.10” FM76 26 111. Rila Monastery, surroundings 1147-1300 42°08’00.70”; 23°20’24.00” FM96 226 FM76, FM86, 112. Rilska Reka River 550-2235 35 FM96, GN06 113. Rilska Reka River, above Rila Monastery 1180-1250 42°08’25.61”; 23°21’11.35” FM96 10 114. Rilska Reka River, above Rila Monastery 1360 42°09’07.97”; 23°22’49.30” FM96 6 115. Rilska Reka River (influx of Iliyna Reka River) 1000-1200 42°06’38.05”; 23°19’00.49” FM96 3 116. Samokov Town (above Samokov) 1000-1100 42°18’45.77”; 23°33’37.80” GM18 16 117. Saragyol place, surroundings 2000 42°13’13.00”; 23°38’14.21” GM17 12 118. Sedemte Ezera Lakes 2103-2535 FM97 8 119. Sedemte Ezera – Babreka Lake 2324 42°12’13.27”; 23°18’34.10” FM97 20 120. Sedemte Ezera – Bliznaka Lake 2250 42°12’13.77”; 23°18’56.62” FM97 22 121. Sedemte Ezera – Detelinata Lake 2228 42°12’24.97”; 23°19’04.40” FM97 6 122. Sedemte Ezera – Dolno Lake 2103 42°12’42.87”; 23°19’34.03” FM97 5 123. Sedemte Ezera – Okoto Lake 2440 42°12’01.13”; 23°18’24.98” FM97 14 124. Sedemte Ezera – Ribno Ezero Lake 2196 42°12’26.89”; 23°19’23.39” FM97 6 125. Sedemte Ezera – Salzata Lake 2535 42°18’52.00”; 23°18’40.53” FM97 6 126. Semkovo Chalet, surroundings 1580-1750 42°03’11.86”; 23°32’00.03” GM15 4 127. Semkovo (holiday resort) 1580 42°02’42.99”; 23°31’34.75” GM05 5 The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 43

Table 1. Continued

Altitude Number Localities GPS Navigation (°N, °E) UTM Kode (m a.s.l.) of species 128. Shirok Dol River 1060-1300 42°16’52.05”; 23°31’35.36” GM08 2 129. Simitli Town, surroundings 360 41°53’32.11”; 23°07’26.44” FM73, FM74 18 130. Sitnyakovo (near Borovets) 1730 42°14’48.29”; 23°36’45.70” GM17 1 131. Sitnyakovo, surroundings 1730-2000 GM17 2 132. Skakavitsa Chalet, surroundings 1876 42°13’50.49”; 23°18’13.50” FM97 13 133. Skakavitsa River 1500-2175 FM97 8 134. Skakavitsa Lake (Skakavishko Ezero) 2171 42°12’54.57”; 23°18’14.69” FM97 3 135. Slavovo locality 900-1100 42°01’41.20”; 23°16’29.82” FM85 36 136. Smradlivo Ezero Lake (Smradlyo Lake) 2300 42°07’28.09”; 23°28’32.26” GM06 3 137. Solenoto Dere River (Solenata Voda) 1700-2300 GM17 4 138. Stobski Piramidi 630-700 42°05’33.83”; 23°07’14.14” FM76 6 139. Struma River 330-360 FM75, FM74 1 140. Suhoto Ezero Lake 1900 42°09’58.22”; 23°25’02.27” GM07 22 141. Tiha Rila locality 2000 42°08’03.93”; 23°28’45.32” GM06 4 142. Treshtenik Chalet, surroundings 1700 42°04’42.97”; 23°37’52.04” GM16 10 143. Tsarev Vrah Peak, surroundings 1800-2376 42°04’36.83”; 23°18’39.98” FM96 1 144. Urdina Reka River 1470-2300 FM97 22 145. Urdina Reka River 1600 42°12’34.64”; 23°22’13.15” FM97 6 146. Urdini Ezera Lakes 2278-2375 FM97 11 147. Urdini Ezera – Fourth Lake 2336 42°10’32.66”; 23°19’57.43” FM97 1 148. Urdini Ezera – Panitsata Lake 2278 42°10’40.21”; 23°19’45.92” FM97 1 149. Urdini Ezera – Parvo Lake 2375 42°10’28.10”; 23°19’44.57” FM97 2 150. Urdini Ezera – Ribno (Damgsko) Lake 2338 42°11’10.41”; 23°13’31.32” FM97 1 151. Urdini Ezera – Triagalnika Lake 2339 42°10’44.10”; 23°19’22.18” FM97 3 152. Urdini Ezera – Sixth Lake 2295 42°11’07.04”; 23°20’01.19” FM97 2 153. Vada Chalet, surroundings 1410-1500 42°13’42.29”; 23°21’47.43” FM97 10 154. Vodniya Chal (above Rilska Reka) 1850 42°08’28.65”; 23°26’38.53” FM96 8 155. Votrachka Reka River 800-1300 GM14, GM15 15 156. Yakoruda Town, surroundings 930-1000 42°02’15.54”; 23°40’32.01” GM25 17 157. Yakorudsko Ribno Ezero Lake 2200 42°06’05.70”; 23°35’17.93” GM16 1 158. Yundola (col, northwest of Velingrad) 1374 42°03’42.98”; 23°51’08.62” GM36 89 159. Zavrachitsa Chalet 2178 42°10’06.76”; 23°38’24.54” GM17 2 160. Zhabokrek, near Rilska Reka River 580-660 42°07’47.99”; 23°09’46.68” FM86 18

Palaearctic-Oriental, poa – Palaearctic-Oriental- West Eurosiberian-Central Asian, wesit – West Australian, ppt – Palaearctic-Paleotropical, ppta Eurosiberian-Iran-Тuranian, wp – West Palaearctic, – Palaearctic-Paleotropical-Australian, ptm – wpat – West Palaearctic-Afrotropical, wpo – West Paleotropical-Mediterranean, se – South European, Palaearctic-Oriental. see – South-East European, sena – South European- North African, sess – South European and South Results and Discussion Siberian, sk – Semicosmopolitan, sp – South Palaearctic, spat – South Palaearctic-Afrotropical, A total of 1003 dipteran species (25.1% of the sppta – South Palaearctic-Paleotropical-Australian, species found in Bulgaria) belonging to 58 families tp – Transpalaearctic, wces – West and Central have been established in the Rila Mts. so far (Tables 2 Eurosiberian, wcp – West and Central Palaearctic, and 3). The family Tachinidae is the most numerous wes – West Eurosiberian, wesanca – West – 162, followed by Syrphidae – 149, Cecidomyiidae Eurosiberian-Anatolian-Central Asian, wesca – – 65, Limoniidae – 62, Chloropidae – 61, Muscidae 44 Zdravko Hubenov

– 55, Chironomidae – 53 and Agromyzidae – 48. The the Central Balkan National Park is poorly investi- remaining families contain from one to 37 species. gated with respect to the two-winged insects. When The taxa distribution in most cases is connected with comparing the whole mountain with the Vitosha the exploration of the corresponding mountain re- Mt., there is no difference in the number of the gion. This is evident when comparing the established established species. The last studies on Diptera of species with regard to localities (Table 1). Five areas of the Pirin Mts. (Hubenov 2015b) allow the fauna detailed research (over 80 species found) are outlined. families to be compared with these of the Rila Mts. First are the surroundings of the Rila Monastery (266 The great number of species, established in the Rila species) and Borovets (179 species) – the most visited Monastery Nature Park is related to the fact that the places of the mountain. The popular starting points surroundings of the Rila Monastery are the most vis- for entering theRila Mts., Blagoevgrad and Yundola ited region of the Rila Mts. (Table 1). Under further (89-98 species), also form a group of well-studied re- exploration, the Rila Mts. are expected to be simi- gions. The Parangalitsa Reserve (120 species) where lar to the most of the Bulgarian high mountains in there is a research base of the Bulgarian Academy terms of species composition of Diptera. This relates of Sciences is also well-studied. Regarding the other to the natural habitats of the mountain, as well as parts of the mountains, the surroundings of Belovo, to the wide distribution of the dipterans, their high Kostenets, Dolna Banya, Govedartsi Village, Dupnitsa mobility and poorly expressed endemism. and the Predela Area (from 36 to 47 species) are bet- In the xerothermic oak forests belt 256 species ter studied. Of the inner parts of the mountains, (25.5%) have been established, despite its limited de- the surroundings of Kravarsko Dere River, Kirilova velopment in the north-eastern, western and south- Polyana, the valley of Rilska Reka River, the Slavovo western parts of the mountain. This is connected with Area and the chalets Malyovitsa and Musala (from 30 the open spaces to which species of the contiguous val- to 53 species) are better studied. It is seen that the lo- leys penetrate. Most species have been found in beech calities from which the material is collected, are con- forests (736 species – 74.4%), and mesophilic and xer- centrated around the popular tourist centres or routes omesophilic mixed forests (351 species – 35.0%). The (when they are not near the chalets). Significant parts border between beech and coniferous forests of the of the mountains are unexplored and material is not Rila Mts. is not clear and depending on the exposure, collected. This relates both to difficulties when ap- relief and anthropogenic impact, there are wide areas proaching the terrain and the insufficient studies of of mixing (200-300 m a.s.l.). This determines the high the separate families. The number of the established species richness in the beech belt, the great number species probably represents about 50-60% of the ac- of common species and the similarity of the dipteran tual species composition of the studied territory. The fauna among the second, third and fourth vegetation dipterans are a highly mobile group and after further belts. Regarding the hypsometric belts, the maximum studies on the Rila Mts. can be expected to reach over number of species is recorded between 1000 and 1500 2000 species or 55-65% of the species composition of m a.s.l. The upper limit of the coniferous zone gradu- the most families found in the country. ally passes into the subalpine vegetation zones with A total of 564 species (56.23%) have been es- a mixture of regions at about 200 m a.s.l. Thus, most tablished in the protected areas of the Rila Mts. (Rila of the species are common to both vegetation belts National Park – 379 species and Rila Monastery and the number of taxa established in the subalpine Nature Park – 304 species). In comparison with belt increases. Among the species found in the alpine the Central Balkan National Park [184 species belt, Molophilus lautereri Stary (Bulgarian endemic of (Hubenov et al., 2000a)], East Rhodopes [279 spe- Limoniidae), Micropsectra radialis Goet. (Palaearctic- cies (Hubenov, 2004)], Vitosha Mt. [1000 species Oriental species of Chironomidae), Eudorylas jenkin- (Hubenov, 2014)] and Pirin National Park [557 spe- soni Coe (European species of Pipunculidae) and cies (Hubenov 2015b)], the dipteran fauna of the Didea alneti Fall. (Holarctic species of Syrphidae) Rila Mts. is commensurable with the fauna of the are typical only for this belt. All other species have Pirin Mts. The number of taxa recorded from the been established in the subalpine belt and most of Rila Mts. significantly exceeds the one of the Central them – in the other vegetation belts as well. In some Balkan National Park and the East Rhodopes, and cases, the finding of species at certain altitude takes decreases vis-a-vis Vitosha Mt. It should be kept place accidentally. The lack of systematic research on in mind that Vitosha is the most studied Bulgarian Diptera of the Rila Mts. and the fragmentary data for mountain and its whole territory is used for com- most families do not allow explicit conclusions about parison (not only the Vitosha Nature Park) while the adherence of the taxa to one or another vegeta- The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 45

Table 2. Two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mts.

Total species Species of the Rila Species of the Rila Species of Rila number of the two Monastery Nature National Park Mts. Families parks Park

number % number % number % number % Nematocera 188 33.33 128 33.77 109 35.85 294 29.31 Tipulidae 7 1.24 3 0.79 7 2.30 9 0.90 Limoniidae 49 8.69 22 5.80 31 10.20 62 6.18 Pediciidae 10 1.77 6 1.58 6 1.97 13 1.30 Blephariceridae 1 0.18 1 0.26 2 0.20 Bibionidae 2 0.35 2 0.66 4 0.40 Mycetophilidae 9 1.60 8 2.11 3 0.99 14 1.40 Bolitophilidae 4 0.71 4 1.06 4 0.40 Diadocidiidae 1 0.18 1 0.26 1 0.33 1 0.10 Keroplatidae 2 0.35 1 0.26 2 0.66 3 0.30 Macroceridae 2 0.35 2 0.66 4 0.40 Sciaridae 4 0.71 1 0.26 4 0.32 4 0.40 Cecidomyiidae 18 3.19 3 0.79 17 5.59 65 6.48 Trichoceridae 1 0.18 1 0.26 1 0.10 Scatopsidae 1 0.18 1 0.33 1 0.10 Ptychopteridae 1 0.18 1 0.26 1 0.10 Culicidae 3 0.53 2 0.53 1 0.33 9 0.90 Simuliidae 35 6.21 34 8.97 29 9.54 37 3.69 Ceratopogonidae 2 0.35 2 0.53 6 0.60 Chironomidae 38 6.74 38 10.03 3 0.99 53 5.28 Brachycera 43 7.62 33 8.71 19 6.25 108 10.77 Orthorrhapha Coenomyiidae 1 0.18 1 0.33 1 0.10 Stratiomyidae 2 0.35 2 0.66 5 0.50 Rhagionidae 4 0.71 4 1.05 2 0.66 5 0.50 Tabanidae 20 3.55 20 5.28 1 0.33 25 2.49 Bombyliidae 4 0.71 3 0.79 4 0.32 9 0.90 Therevidae 2 0.20 Asilidae 7 1.24 3 0.79 6 1.97 23 2.29 Empididae 3 0.53 1 0.26 3 0.99 8 0.80 Hybotidae 5 0.50 Dolichopodidae 2 0.35 2 0.53 25 2.49 Brachycera 333 59.04 218 75.52 176 57.89 601 59.92 Cyclorrhapha Platypezidae 1 0.10 Phoridae 1 0.18 1 0.26 1 0.10 Pipunculidae 3 0.53 2 0.53 1 0.33 5 0.50 Syrphidae 76 13.47 53 13.98 31 149 14.86 Conopidae 8 1.42 4 1.05 6 1.97 20 1.99 Tephritidae 5 0.89 1 0.26 4 0.32 8 0.80 Lauxaniidae 1 0.10 Cremifaniidae 1 0.18 1 0.26 1 0.10 Chamaemyiidae 1 0.18 1 0.26 1 0.10 Sciomyzidae 1 0.18 1 0.33 2 0.20 46 Zdravko Hubenov

Table 2. Continued

Total species Species of the Rila Species of the Rila Species of Rila number of the two Monastery Nature National Park Mts. Families parks Park

number % number % number % number % Agromyzidae 33 5.85 33 10.85 48 4.79 Opomyzidae 2 0.35 2 0.53 2 0.20 Milichiidae 1 0.18 1 0.26 1 0.10 Chloropidae 39 6.91 35 9.23 10 3.29 61 6.08 Heleomyzidae 2 0.35 2 0.53 2 0.20 Sphaeroceridae 2 0.35 2 0.53 2 0.20 Drosophilidae 1 0.18 1 0.33 1 0.10 Diastatidae 1 0.18 1 0.26 1 0.10 Ephydridae 22 3.90 22 5.80 3 0.99 26 2.59 Hippoboscidae 1 0.18 1 0.26 1 0.33 2 0.20 Scathophagidae 2 0.35 2 0.53 2 0.20 Anthomyiidae 2 0.35 2 0.53 3 0.30 Fanniidae 2 0.35 2 0.53 2 0.66 2 0.20 Muscidae 38 6.74 35 9.23 11 3.62 55 5.48 Calliphoridae 8 1.42 3 0.79 6 1.97 14 1.40 Sarcophagidae 14 2.48 2 0.53 12 3.95 24 2.39 Rhinophoridae 1 0.10 Gasterophilidae 3 0.30 Tachinidae 67 11.88 43 11.34 54 17.76 162 16.15 Families 52 89.65 44 75.86 36 62.07 58 Species 564 56.23 379 37.79 304 30.31 1003 tion zone to be made. The distribution of species in beyond it. This group (258 species – 25.7%) in- groups according to their presence in the vegetation cludes 26 categories, of which 23 combine species belts has a relative character and depends on the spe- of northern type (widely distributed in the Holarctic cific features of taxa and research area, as well as on and Palaearctic) and three with species of southern the duration of the research. There is a correlation type (distributed only in the southern parts of the between the horizontal and vertical distribution of Palaearctic). The difference between the separate Diptera. Species found in the subalpine and alpine vegetation belts with respect to this group is from zones (above 2200 – 2500 m a.s.l.), have large areals, 0.4 to 16.1% (from 11 to 196 species). In the first five and are with mainly Palaearctic-Oriental, Holarctic, vegetation belts the difference is minimal (not ex- Transpalaearctic, West Palaearctic, Holoeurosiberian ceeding 5.1%) and increases in the alpine belt where or European distribution (Table 3). There are con- the species with vast areas dominate. It is very likely siderable differences between the Pirin and Rila the establishment of other species of the group of Mountains (from 11.3% to18.3%) in the number of the northern type in the last two vegetation belts species in the first three vegetation belts (especially of the Rila Mts. owing to their distribution and in- the beech belt). They are probably related to the spe- sufficient studies of the higher parts of the moun- cific climatic conditions of the two mountains and tain. It is accepted that the species of the northern the insufficient research on most of the families. type have vast areas and ecological flexibility. In The zoogeographical categorisation of the spe- the Superpalaearctic complex, the Holarctic species cies (Table 3) is made on the basis of current data (124 species – 12.4%) prevail and as compared to the about their distribution. Thus, the dipterans are di- other areographical categories where the Holarctic- vided into 84 areographical categories, combined Oriental (31 species – 3.1%) and the Palaearctic- into two main groups and six subgroups (Table 4). Oriental forms (29 species – 2.9%) are better pre- Species distributed in the Palaearctic and sented (Table 4). The species of the southern type are The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 47 120 120 102 120 120 119 102 102 102 169 122 145 145 102 120 120 120 119, 121 145, 169 119, 122 119, 157 119, 169 References 119, 120, 122 119, 120, 122, 139 IX VI VI VI VII VII VIII VIII IV-V V-VI V-VII V-VIII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI, VIII Fenology e e e h h et tp eit eit ho wp cse eca des ena csee esca esca csea hoes hoes wces wces Areo- tp, ? hoes tp, graphical 1147 1147 1147 1876 1147 1147 2389 2389 1350 1147 1147 2389 2389 1350 1876 1700 1147 1147 1147 550-2100 550-2100 550-2900 1147-2389 1360-2389 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 84 84 21 84 84 21 111 111 132 111 111 111 109 111 111 132 142 111 111 111 84, 111, 132 84, 112, 132 Localities Rila of 23, 39, 109, 111, 140 23, 39, 109, 111, 140 (Verrall, 1886) (Verrall, Species composition and distribution of the two-winged insects (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila of Mts. insects the (Insecta: two-winged Diptera) of distribution and 3. Species composition Table (Osten Sacken, 1869) Sacken, (Osten ) unica (Linnaeus, 1761) (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, ) nemoralis Taxa Tipulidae / 9 Tipulidae (Schummel, 1829) (Schummel, ) fulvonervosa Limoniidae / 62 NEMATOCERA Tipulomorpha ) ocellare (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, ) ferruginea Meigen, 1804 Meigen, ) vernalis Linnaeus, 1758 ) lunata (Loew, 1873) ) fuscula (Loew, ( Oxyrhiza ( Brachylimnophila ( Epiphragma (Linnaeus, 1758) ) atrata ( Tanyptera Tanyptera Epiphragma 1804) (Meigen, maculata Eloeophila (Linnaeus, 1758) cornicina Nephrotoma Austrolimnophila ( Archilimnophila Austrolimnophila 1871) (Loew, mundata Eloeophila 1838) (Zetterstedt, trimaculata Eloeophila Egger, 1863 Egger, montium (Yamatotipula) Tipula Tipula ( LunatipulaTipula 1833 ) excisa Schummel, ( Vestiplex Tipula Poda, 1761 Poda, ) maxima ( Acutipula Tipula (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, lineola Euphylidorea Paradelphomyia Lackschewitz, 1940 pubipennis Phyllolabis Meigen, 1804 Meigen, ) nubeculosa ( Vestiplex Tipula 1830 Meigen, ) scripta ( Vestiplex Tipula Tipula ( LunatipulaTipula Neolimnomyia ( Paraphylidorea Phylidorea ( Phylidorea Phylidorea 1863) (Egger, hospes Prionolabis (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, ) bicolor ( Hexatoma Hexatoma ) sepium ( Pseudolimnophila Pseudolimnophila (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, ) lucorum ( Pseudolimnophila Pseudolimnophila 48 Zdravko Hubenov 119 120 119 120 119 120 119 157 121 139 119 121 120 119 119 120 48, 119 121, 157 119, 157 119, 120 119, 139 119, 160 119, 121 120, 157 References 119, 121, 157 119, 157, 169 119, 121, 157 119, 121, 157 IX IX VI VI VI VI VII VII VIII VIII VIII V-VI XI-IV VI, IX VIII-X VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VIII-IX VIII-IX VIII-IX VIII-IX VI-VIII VI, VIII VI, VIII VII-VIII V-VIII, X V-VIII, Fenology VI, VIII-IX e e e e h tp eit eit ho Eb cse cse cse ean ean ean ean Ebs wes wes Ebg Ebg Ebg Ebg wcp esca esca csea Areo- graphical 2000 1147 2666 1700 2389 1147 2389 2389 2389 2389 930-1000 1230-1390 1700-2389 1700-2389 1230-1390 1230-1390 1180-1250 1147-1250 1147-1876 1147-1700 1230-1390 1147-1450 1147-1700 1230-1390 1230-1390 1230-1390 1147-1700 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ Parks Distribution 21 21 21 51 84 84 21 84 21 21 84 21 84 117 156 111 142 109 113 111 Table 3. Continued Table 84, 142 84, 142 21, 111 111, 113 111, 132 111, 142 111, 142 111, 142 Localities Rila of Lackschewitz, 1940 Taxa Meijere, 1918 Meijere, (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, Mendl, 1973 Mendl, Meigen, 1804 Meigen, Lundstrom, 1907 Lundstrom, ) lutescens (Loew, 1873) (Loew, ) bivittata Goetghebuer, 1920 Goetghebuer, ) bifidus 1918 Meijere, ) crassipygus 1974 Stary, ) lautereri ) medius Alexander, 1953 Alexander, ) lackschewitzianus Starý, 1976 Starý, ) directidens (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, ) obscurus Starý, 1976 Starý, ) flagellatus (Staeger, 1840) (Staeger, ) appendiculatus ) obsoletus (Egger, 1863) (Egger, ) propinqueus Goetghebuer, 1929 Goetghebuer, ) scutellatus ) stary ) hybrida (Alexander, 1924) (Alexander, ) yezoana Edwards, 1921 Edwards, ) albitibia 1920) (Tonnoir, ) clavata (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, ) fascipennis 1971 Starý, ) pirinensis ( Molophilus ( Symplecta ( Ormosia ( Ormosia Chionea ( Sphaeconophilus Chionea 1913 Bergroth, Crypteria limnophiloides (Tonnoir, 1921) (Tonnoir, carteri Neolimnophila (Walker, 1848) (Walker, ) divisa ( Erioptera Erioptera (Westhoff, 1882) (Westhoff, ) flavata ( Erioptera Erioptera Symplecta ( Empeda Cheilotrichia 1818) (Meigen, trivialis Erioconopa Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus ) lutea ( Erioptera Erioptera 1976 Starý, balcanica Scleroprocta ( Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus Hoplolabis ( ParilisiaHoplolabis ( Molophilus Molophilus Erioptera ( Mesocyphona Erioptera ( Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus Ormosia ( OrmosiaOrmosia ( OrmosiaOrmosia Ormosia Ormosia Molophilus ( Molophilus Molophilus The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 49 119 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 119, 160 119, 169 119, 145 119, 120 119, 120 References 119, 120, 169 119, 120, 122 119, 120, 122 VI VI VI VI VI VI VII VII VII VIII VIII VIII VIII V-VI VII-IX VI-VII VIII-IX VIII-IX VIII-IX VI-VIII VI, VIII VI, VIII VI, VIII VI, VIII VI, VIII VI, VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e e e e h po wp wp wp cse cse cse cse cse cse ena hoa Ebg csee csea esca csea hoes wces eswa Areo- graphical 1147 1147 1147 1876 1147 1876 1147 1876 1147 1147 1230-1390 1147-1850 1147-1850 1147-1250 1147-1475 1147-1850 1147-1250 1147-1850 1147-1250 1147-1250 1147-1390 1174-1700 1147-1850 1230-1390 1174-1876 1876-2389 1147-2389 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 21 21 111 111 111 111 111 132 111 132 132 111 111 111 Table 3. Continued Table 55, 111 68, 111 84, 132 111, 113 111, 113 111, 132 55, 111, 154 55, 111, 154 21, 111, 114 111, 154 21, 55, 84, 111 21, 55, 111, 154 Localities Rila of 21, 111, 113, 114, 154 (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, Taxa (Tjeder, 1968) (Tjeder, ) zetterstedti Pediciidae / 13 Pediciidae (Mik, 1883) (Mik, ) alpigena Alexander, 1953 Alexander, ) staegeriana Meigen, 1818 Meigen, ) maculata (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, ) littoralis (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, ) occulta ( Ormosia ( Rhipidia ( Orimargula Ormosia 1838) (Zetterstedt, haemorrhoidalis Rhypholophus (Stary, 1976) (Stary, obtusistyla Rhypholophus 1871 Loew, livescens Dicranoptycha Goetghebuer, 1920 Goetghebuer, luteipennis (Dicranomyia) Dicranomyia Starý, 1972 Starý, paralivescens Dicranoptycha ) mitis ( Dicranomyia Dicranomyia (Linnaeus 1758) annulata Discobola (Walker, 1848) (Walker, errans Lipsothrix 1848) (Walker, remota Lipsothrix Antocha (Fabricius, 1787) (Fabricius, flavipes Limonia (Schummel, 1829) (Schummel, macrostigma Limonia (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, dumetorum Neolimonia (Schrank, 1781) phragmitidis Limonia Metalimnobia ( Metalimnobia Metalimnobia Rhipidia (Schummel, 1829) (Schummel, ) bimaculata ( Dicranota Dicranota (Schummel, 1829) (Schummel, trivittata Limonia (Schummel, 1829) (Schummel, sylvicola Limonia (Edwards, 1921) (Edwards, ) lucidipennis ( Ludicia Dicranota Bergroth, 1891 Bergroth, ) brevicornis ( Paradicranota Dicranota 1981 Stary, ) flammatra ( Paradicranota Dicranota Lackschewitz, 1940 ) pallens ( Paradicranota Dicranota Lackschewitz, 1940 ) simulans ( Paradicranota Dicranota ( AmalopisPedicia ( Crunobia Pedicia 50 Zdravko Hubenov 1 15 15 15 15 52 15 15 15 114 119 102 102 139 119 119 145 7, 15 8, 15 9, 15 14, 175 15, 102 120, 158 References X VI VI VI VII VII VII V-X VIII VIII VIII IV-V IV-IX V-VII IV-VI IV-VI IV-VII VI-VII VIII-IX VIII-IX VIII-IX VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e e h h h ho ho ? h wp cse des ena ean Ebs wes csea hoes hoes ? cseit Areo- e, ? wes e, ena, ? wp ena, graphical 400 1450 1450 1876 1147 2389 1400 1450 1250 2389 2200 550-2100 930-1000 550-2100 850-1000 1230-2925 1230-1390 1000-1100 1230-1390 1230-1390 1230-1390 1230-1390 1230-1390 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ Parks Distribution 22 22 21 84 10 21 21 22 84 21 21 21 36 132 111 116 156 113 109 Table 3. Continued Table 63, 65 21, 65, 85 Localities Rila of 23, 39, 110, 111, 140 23, 39, 110, 111, 140 Taxa Madarassy, 1881 Madarassy, Bibionidae / 4 Bibionidae Bibionomorpha Blephariceridae / 2 Mycetophilidae / 14 Mycetophilidae ) livida (Lundstrom, 1911) (Lundstrom, ) clypeata (Linnaeus, 1758) Blephariceromorpha (Zetterstedt, 1852) (Zetterstedt, ) ruficollis 1856) (Walker, ) tenuis (Lundström, 1913) (Lundström, ) prominens Vaisanen, 1984 Vaisanen, ) disa (Macquart, 1826) (Macquart, ) cinerascens Stary, 1974 Stary, ) spinifera (Lackschewitz, 1940) ) riedeli ( Tricyphona (Linnaeus, 1758) hortulanus Bibio Staeger, 1840 Staeger, sciarina Boletina Mycomya ( Mycomya Mycomya ( Mycomya Mycomya 1885 Dziedzicki, gripha Boletina Pedicia ( Crunobia Pedicia 1844 Loew, cinerascens Liponeura 1818 Meigen, lanigerus Bibio (Linnaeus, 1758) marci Bibio ) rivosa ( Pedicia Pedicia Strobl, 1893 Strobl, scatopsiformis Novakia Lehmann, 1822 Lehmann, winthemii Leia Mycomya ( Mycomya Mycomya Tricyphona 1833 Haliday ) mollissima ( Ula Ula 1842) (Westwood, fasciata Blepharicera 1775) (Fabricius, pomonae Bibio ( Mycomya Mycomya Mycomya ( Mycomya Mycomya Pedicia ( Crunobia Pedicia Exechiopsis ( Exechiopsis Exechiopsis Winnertz, 1863 Winnertz, murina Cordyla 1804) fusca (Meigen, Exechia The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 51 15 15 44 44 145 102 154 154 154 11, 13 11, 13 10, 13 11, 13 11, 13 11, 13 11, 13 11, 13 12, 13 11, 13 11, 13 102; 145 73, 45, 146 References VII VIII VIII VIII VIII V-XI V-IX V-IX IV-X V-IX V-VI V-VI V-VII VI-IX VI-IX V-VII VI-IX VII-IX V-VIII VIII-IX VI-VIII VI-VIII Fenology e e e e e e tp po cee cee des des des ena ena wes wes csee hoes hoes hoes Areo- cse, ? csee graphical 900 1500 1500 1500 1147 1475 1150 1300 1150 1300 1150 400-900 850-900 550-2100 545-1150 850-1150 800-1000 1147-1524 1147-1500 1147-1500 1350-1450 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 97 97 97 55 59 55 21 21 33 111 109 111 111 111 Table 3. Continued Table 14, 33 36, 59 97, 111 97, 111 110, 111 21, 55, 97 33, 103, 107 Localities Rila of 23, 39, 109, 111, 140 Tollet, 1948 Tollet, Taxa Sciaridae / 4 Keroplatidae / 3 Keroplatidae Macroceridae / 4 Diadocidiidae / 1 Bolitophilidae / 4 Bolitophilidae Cecidomyiidae / 65 (Curtis, 1836) (Curtis, ) saundersii Meigen, 1818 Meigen, ) cinerea 1863 Winnertz, ) tenella ( Bolitophila ( Bolitophila ( Bolitophila (Vallot, 1829) eryngii (Vallot, Lasioptera (Bremi, 847) (Bremi, capitigena Bayeriola (Kieffer, 1888) (Kieffer, thymicola Bayeriola (Schrank, 1803) rubi Lasioptera Edwards, 1925 Edwards, membranacea Sceptonia Bolitophila Bukowski, 1934 Bukowski, pilosa Sceptonia Bolitophila Bolitophila 1804) (Meigen, ) hybrida ( Cliopisa Bolitophila ) spinosula ( Diadocidia Diadocidia (Stæger, 1840) (Stæger, unicolor Orfelia (Loew, 1871) (Loew, ) brevimanum ( Antlemonopsis Antlemon Meigen, 1804 Meigen, marginata Platyura Meigen, 1818 Meigen, centralis Macrocera Lundström, 1912 Lundström, grandis Macrocera Loew, 1869 Loew, inversa Macrocera (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, hemerobioides Sciara (Lengersdorf, 1926) (Lengersdorf, ) halterata ( Phytosciara Phytosciara Edwards, 1925 Edwards, stigmoides Macrocera 1864 Schiner, analis Sciara (Lengersdorf, 1926) (Lengersdorf, ) macrotricha ( Phytosciara Phytosciara 52 Zdravko Hubenov 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 142, 154 142, 154 References IX VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI V-IX VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX VI, IX V-VIII VI-VII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII Fenology VI, VIII, X VI, VIII-IX e e e e e e e e h h tp tp ha dp dp cse cse des des ena ena wes wes wes csee csee cseea Areo- dp, ? h dp, graphical 850 850 850 850 400 850 400 850 400 800 900 400 1150 1200 1150 1150 1150 1150 1150 400-850 800-1300 800-1150 400-1200 400-1200 900-1150 900-1150 800-1200 1100-1200 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 33 33 33 33 14 33 14 33 14 33 14 104 111 103 103 103 103 107 104 Table 3. Continued Table 14, 33 21, 107 33, 103 33, 103 104, 107 103, 111 107, 111 14, 33, 107, 111 14, 33, 103, 111 Localities Rila of Taxa (Winnertz 1853) (Winnertz acrophila Dasineura (Löw, 1875) (Löw, asperulae Dasineura (Winnertz, 1853) (Winnertz, crataegi Dasineura Kieffer, 1907 Kieffer, fraxinea Dasineura (Löw, 1880) (Löw, galiicola Dasineura (Bremi, 1848) (Bremi, hyperici Dasineura 1847) (Bremi, irregularis Dasineura (Bremi, 1847) (Bremi, medicaginis Dasineura (Winnertz, 1890) (Winnertz, papaveris Dasineura (Loew, 1850) (Loew, plicatrix Dasineura (Kieffer 1901) (Kieffer pteridicola Dasineura Dasineura pyri 1847) (Bouché Dasineura (Bremi, 1847) (Bremi, rosae Dasineura Rübsaamen, 1914 Rübsaamen, rossi Dasineura (Rübsaamen, 1917) (Rübsaamen, schulzei Dasineura (Bremi, 1847) (Bremi, tortilis Dasineura (Löw, 1877) (Löw, tortrix Dasineura (Löw, 1874) (Löw, trifolii Dasineura (Perris, 1840) (Perris, urticae Dasineura (Mik, 1882) (Mik, loewii Euphorbomyia 1850) (Loew, heterobia Rabdophaga (Loew, 1850) (Loew, terminalis Rabdophaga (Loew, 1850) (Loew, Geocrypta galii (Kieffer, 1886) (Kieffer, raphanistri Gephyraulus (Hartig, 1839) (Hartig, annulipes Hartigiola (Winnertz, 1853) (Winnertz, capreae Iteomyia (Bouche, 1847) (Bouche, bryoniae Jaapiella (Rubsaamen, 1914) (Rubsaamen, jaapiana Jaapiella The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 53 154 154 154 154 154 142 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 154 142, 154 142, 154 References IX VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI V-IX V-VI VI-X VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX VI, IX VI, IX VI, IX VI, IX IV-XII VII-IX VI-VII VI-VII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI, VIII Fenology e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e h ean ean ena ean wes esca Areo- e, ? des e, graphical 400 800 900 800 400 1150 1150 1150 1150 1200 1200 1140 1140 850-900 850-900 850-900 850-900 800-1200 400-1150 800-1200 850-1150 850-2500 400-1150 800-1100 800-1100 1100-1200 1100-1150 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 33 14 33 33 59 14 33 103 111 109 103 103 107 111 107 111 111 111 Table 3. Continued Table 33, 43 14, 111 33, 111 104, 111 103, 111 104, 107 33, 104, 107 104, 107, 111 104, 107, 111 Localities Rila of 14, 33, 103, 107, 111 Taxa Kieffer, 1904 Kieffer, fallax Janetiella (Vallot, 1827) (Vallot, veronicae Jaapiella (Kieffer, 1904) (Kieffer, lemeei Janetiella (Kieffer, 1888) (Kieffer, thymi Janetiella Kaltenbach, 1862 Kaltenbach, heraclei Macrolabis (Bosc, poae 1817) Mayetiola (Kieffer, 1901) (Kieffer, fagicola Phegomyia (Kieffer, 1909) (Kieffer, ulmi Physemocecis (Linnaeus, 1758) juniperinus Oligotrophus (Hartig, 1839) (Hartig, fagi Mikiola 1901) (Kieffer, coryli Mikomya (Kieffer, 1898) (Kieffer, panteli Oligotrophus (Loew, 1850) (Loew, foliorum Rhopalomyia (Bremi, 1847) (Bremi, stachydis Wachtliella (Löw, 1874) (Löw, carpini Zygiobia (Winnertz, 1853) (Winnertz, betulae Semudobia Wachtl, 1880 Wachtl, hornigi Asphondylia (Loew, 1847) (Loew, inulae Acodiplodis 1917 Rübsaamen, carpinicolus Aschistonyx Kieffer, 1897 Kieffer, carpini Contarinia (Kaltenbach, 1859) (Kaltenbach, coryli Contarinia Loew, 1850 Loew, craccae Contarinia 1921 Rübsaamen, fagi Contarinia 1909 gei Kieffer, Contarinia (Rübsaamen 1891) (Rübsaamen hypochoeridis Contarinia Kieffer, 1909 Kieffer, lamii Contarinia 1888) (Kieffer, nasturtii Contarinia (Karsch, 1881) (Karsch, steini Contarinia 54 Zdravko Hubenov 7 43 42 48 65 42 42 42 42 154 142 142 142 154 154 42, 43 43, 136 102; 42 References 64, 116, 117 116, 117, 145, 163 VI VI VII VII VII VIII II, X III-X IV-XI V-VII V-VII VI-IX VI-VII VIII-IX VIII-IX VI-VIII VI-VIII Fenology VI-VII, X e e h h h h h wp ena ena wes wes wes wpo hnat h, ba wesit cseea tp, ? h tp, Areo- csee, m graphical 1200 1400 1400 1400 1140 2100 2000 400-850 550-2100 1230-1390 2190-2200 1230-1390 1230-1390 1230-2300 1230-1390 1150-1500 1230-1390 1230-1390 1300-2400 1300-2450 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 8 30 30 30 21 21 21 21 21 21 111 111 157 117 Table 3. Continued Table 21, 84 14, 33 23, 111, 122, 123, 144 Localities Rila of 105, 112, 117, 144 21, 23, 39, 110, 111, 140 3, 5, 15, 24, 27, 31, 47, 49, 63, 84, 105, 112, 119, 120, 5, 15, 31, 47, 49, 55, 63, 86, Taxa Culicidae / 9 Scatopsidae / 1 Scatopsidae Simuliidae / 37 (Edwards, 1921) (Edwards, ) fulvipes (Fries, 1824) (Fries, ) hirtipes Culicomorpha Trichoceridae / 1 Trichoceridae Ptychopteridae / 1 Ptychopteridae Meigen, 1818 Meigen, ) maculipennis (Olivier, 1791) (Olivier, ) geniculatus (Schrank, 1776) ) annulata (Schiner, 1864) (Schiner, ) glaphyroptera Ficalbi 1889 Ficalbi ) hortensis (Rübsaamen, 1899) (Rübsaamen, cavernosa Harmandiola Giard, 1893 Giard, glutinosa Drisina (Rübsaamen, 1889) (Rübsaamen, globuli Harmandiola (Winnertz, 1853) (Winnertz, tremulae Harmandiola (Winnertz, 1853) (Winnertz, coniophaga Mycodiplosis (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, ) communis ( Ochlerotatus Ochlerotatus (Coquillett, 1904) ) pullatus ( Ochlerotatus Ochlerotatus Culiseta ( CulisetaCuliseta Anopheles ( Anopheles Anopheles Kaltenbach, 1872 Kaltenbach, pruni Putoniella 1818 Meigen, ) scutellaris ( Ptychoptera Ptychoptera ( CulisetaCuliseta (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, nigripenne Colobostema (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, ) hiemalis ( Trichocera Trichocera (Kirby, 1837) (Kirby, ) punctor ( Ochlerotatus Ochlerotatus ( Finlaya Ochlerotatus Linnaeus, 1758 ) pipiens ( Culex Culex Prosimulium ( Prosimulium Prosimulium Culex ( Maillotia Culex Prosimulium ( Prosimulium Prosimulium The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 55 117 117 117 116 117 116 116, 117 115, 117 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 115, 117 116, 117 116, 117 References 64, 116, 117 64, 116, 117 64, 116, 117 VI VI VII V, X V, VIII V-IX V-VI IV, XI IV, V-VII VI-IX V-VIII VI-VII VI-VII IV-V, XI IV-V, VII-VIII VII-VIII Fenology IV, VII, XI IV, e e e e e e e e dp see cse des ena ena ena csee csee hoes Areo- ? csena graphical ena, ? hom ena, 868 1400 850-2000 450-2350 400-2000 750-2200 400-2400 700-2100 700-2200 1200-2400 1100-2235 1300-2300 1000-1700 1950-2300 1000-2300 1300-2150 1100-2300 1100-2000 1200-2100 1200-2200 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution

82 112 Table 3. Continued Table 3, 41, 86 6, 41, 86 119, 144 144, 155 112, 117 111, 112 2, 31, 82, 86 120, 123, 144 112, 117, 144 112, 133, 155 31, 69, 112, 144 Localities Rila of 111, 112, 117, 144 119, 121, 133, 155 112, 117, 144, 155 2, 6, 15, 31, 69, 86, 112 6, 15, 28, 29, 31, 44, 86, 76, 80, 105, 112, 133, 155 2, 6, 15, 28, 31, 41, 63, 69, 2, 15, 31, 47, 77, 105, 112, 15, 28, 38, 47, 55, 63, 105, 2, 15, 31, 55, 63, 101, 105, 2, 15, 28, 63, 105, 133, 145 2, 6, 15, 28, 31, 69, 82, 105, 2, 6, 15, 28, 31, 41, 69, 105, 2, 15, 31, 69, 105, 112, 133, 2, 15, 31, 62, 63, 69, 72, 105, 2, 6, 15, 28, 69, 82, 105, 107, 31, 55, 63, 69, 105, 112, 117, 2, 3, 6, 15, 28, 62, 112, 131, 155 (Serban, 1958) (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, Taxa (Enderlein, 1925) (Enderlein, ) latimucro Rubtsov, 1955 Rubtsov, ) petrosum (Enderlein, 1921) (Enderlein, ) tomosvaryi ) rufipes Meigen, 1838 Meigen, ) argyreatum (Corti, 1914) ) bezzii 1959 & Grenier, Zivkovitch ) ibariense Strobl, 1898 Strobl, ) argenteostriatum Dorier et Grenier, 1959 Dorier et Grenier, ) degrangei ( Prosimulium Grenier et Dorier, 1959 et Dorier, Grenier ) bertrandi ( Nevermannia (Knoz, 1961) (Knoz, ) carpathicum ( Nevermannia ) codreanui ( Nevermannia (Rubzov, 1959) (Rubzov, ) cryophilum ( Nevermannia ( Simulium ( Simulium Prosimulium ( Prosimulium Prosimulium Prosimulium ( Prosimulium Prosimulium Prosimulium Prosimulium ( Prosimulium Prosimulium (Lundstrom 1911) (Lundstrom ) angustitarse ( Nevermannia Simulium Simulium (Rubtsov, 1956) (Rubtsov, ) brevidens ( Nevermannia Simulium Simulium Grenier & Dorier, 1959 & Dorier, Grenier ) carthusiense ( Nevermannia Simulium Simulium Friederichs, 1920 Friederichs, ) costatum ( Nevermannia Simulium 1961) (Knoz, ) crenobium ( Nevermannia Simulium Simulium (Rubtsov & Carlsson, 1965) & Carlsson, (Rubtsov ) curvans ( Nevermannia Simulium 1956) (Rubzov, ) latigonia ( Nevermannia Simulium Simulium ( Simulium Simulium Simulium ( Simulium Simulium Simulium ( Simulium Simulium 56 Zdravko Hubenov 64 117 117 116 117 117 117 182 182 182 182 174 182 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 116, 117 References 64, 116, 117 VI VI VI V-X VIII VIII VIII IV-VI IV-VII V-VIII IV-VII VII-IX VII-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII Fenology V-VI, VIII-X V-VI, h h h tp tp wp cse des ena ena ena wcp wces e, csee, tp, ? e tp, mwca tp, ? h tp, Areo- e, ? csee, hoes, h wes, ? h wes, tp, ? hoes tp, graphical 2200 780-960 600-2200 800-1800 450-2200 800-2000 500-2300 400-2300 900-2200 900-2240 700-2000 1800-2250 1400-2000 1000-2000 1230-1390 1000-2000 1000-2400 1230-1390 2400-2900 1230-1390 Vertical (m) Vertical ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 79 21 21 48 21 62. 144 109 Table 3. Continued Table 84, 85 3, 31, 86 112, 144 133, 155 123, 144, 155 112, 113, 155 3, 86, 112, 160 41, 86, 112, 133 3, 6, 86, 112, 155 Localities Rila of 100, 105, 112, 155 6, 15, 28, 31, 86, 112 2, 15, 28, 50, 63, 77, 86, 76, 79, 86, 112, 133, 155 2, 6, 15, 28, 31, 41, 81, 86, 2, 6, 15, 31, 63, 69, 86, 105, 2, 15, 69, 86, 105, 112, 117, 3, 6, 28, 31, 41, 86, 112, 155 2, 3, 6, 15, 28, 31, 41, 63, 69, 3, 15, 28, 31, 41, 62, 86, 105, 2, 15, 28, 31, 63, 69, 77, 105, Edwards, 1915 Edwards, Taxa (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, Meigen, 1804 Meigen, Ceratopogonidae / 6 Fries, 1824 Fries, ) aureum ) angustipes (Santos Abreu, 1922) Abreu, (Santos ) velutinum ) latipes Meigen, 1818 Meigen, ) auricoma (Scopoli, 1780) (Scopoli, ) colombaschense Friederichs, 1920 Friederichs, ) monticola 1915 Edwards, ) morsitans 1920 Friederichs, ) noelleri ) ornatum (Linnaeus, 1758) ) reptans (Lundstrom, 1911) (Lundstrom, ) tuberosum Knoz, 1961 Knoz, ) maximum Meigen, 1818 Meigen, ) variegatum Stone & Jamnback, 1955 & Jamnback, Stone ) verecundum (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, ) obsoletus ( Simulium ( Simulium ( Simulium ( Hellichiella ( Eusimulium Simulium ( Simulium Simulium Simulium ( Simulium Simulium ( Simulium Simulium ( Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium ( Simulium Simulium ( Simulium Simulium Simulium ( Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium Simulium ( Eusimulium Simulium Culicoides ( Avaritia Culicoides Simulium ( Obuchovia Simulium 1914 Kieffer, festivipennis Culicoides Kieffer, 1919 Kieffer, ) pallidicornis ( Silvaticulicoides Culicoides Simulium ( Eusimulium Simulium (Staeger, 1839) (Staeger, pictipennis Culicoides (Guerin, 1833) (Guerin, ) flavifrons ( Dasyhelea Dasyhelea 1918 Abreu, Santos ) pallidipes ( Forcipomyia Forcipomyia The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 57 49 50 49 49 50 49 162 140 161 153 166 166 166 161 153 162 49, 51 51, 153 49, 162 49, 162, 165, 166 164, 166 49, 51, 166 References 49, 153, 161, 164 161, 162, 164, 165 49, 51, 161, 162, 163, 49, 161, 162, 163. 164, XI VII VIII VIII V-VI V-VII VI-XI II, VII VII-IX VII-IX VI-VII VI-VII VII, XI V-VIII, IV, VI, X IV, IV, VI-IX IV, Fenology V, VII, XI V, V-VIII, XI V-VIII, III, VII-XI V-VI, VIII V-VI, VI-VII, XI e e h h h h h h h h h h et tp tp ho po ? e wp wp hno wcp hptn wces Areo- e, ? wes e, graphical 340 1040 2178 2250 1568 1550 340-900 860-900 800-2440 370-2535 400-2394 480-2030 900-2350 800-1200 2283-2340 2250-2324 1070-1850 1500-2440 1070-1850 1040-2196 1140-1950 1040-2535 1170-1200 2250-2440 2250-2324 Vertical (m) Vertical ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Parks Distribution 3 3 87 73 18 98 46 76 103 159 120 Table 3. Continued Table 36, 46 119, 120 121, 146 119, 120 3, 97, 123 3, 87, 124 3, 16, 31, 36 10, 73, 75, 76 16, 17, 18, 19 119, 120, 123 12, 120, 125, 134 Localities Rila of 120, 123, 125, 146 70, 71, 119, 120, 146 3, 36, 119, 120, 123, 146 16, 17, 19, 32, 75, 97, 119, 10, 36, 59, 70, 71, 99, 120, Goetghebuer, 1927 Goetghebuer, Taxa (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, (Kieffer, 1906) (Kieffer, ) psilopterus Chironomidae / 53 Chironomidae (Linnaeus, 1758) ) tremulus (Kieffer, 1911) (Kieffer, ) algarum ) annulator 1909) ) fuscus (Kieffer, ) sylvestris Kieffer, 1908 Kieffer, ) insignipes ( Psectrocladius ( Isocladius ( Cricotopus ( Cricotopus ( Cricotopus ( Diamesa (Fries, 1823) (Fries, plumipes Anatopynia (Wulp, 1861) (Wulp, guttipennis Guttipelopia (Kieffer, 1918) (Kieffer, curticalcar Larsia Kieffer, 1923 Kieffer, flavida Trissopelopia (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, melanura Zavrelimyia (Meigen, 1838) (Meigen, gaedii Potthastia Diamesa (Zetterstedt, 1850) (Zetterstedt, lucens Acricotopus (Kieffer, 1909) (Kieffer, bifida Brillia (Goetghebuer, 1928) (Goetghebuer, ) nivosa ( Pseudodiamesa Pseudodiamesa (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, olivacea Prodiamesa Winnertz, 1852 Winnertz, celeripes Corynoneura Cricotopus Cricotopus ( Cricotopus Cricotopus Cricotopus Cricotopus (Kieffer, 1911) (Kieffer, brevicalcar Eukiefferiella (Thienemann, 1919) (Thienemann, clypeata Eukiefferiella (Edwards, 1929) (Edwards, gracei Eukiefferiella Goetghebuer, 1939 Goetghebuer, similis Eukiefferiella (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, minimus Limnophyes 1926 Kieffer, inaequalis ? Paracladius (Chernovskij, 1949) (Chernovskij, murvanidzei ? Orthocladius Psectrocladius 58 Zdravko Hubenov 49 51 51 50 162 140 166 166 153 162 161 162 166 161 49, 51 51, 153 49, 153 165, 166 166, 167 162, 166 References 49, 50, 51, 153, 161, 49, 50, 153, 161, 166 161, 162, 164, 165, 166 51, 161, 162, 163, 2002, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, VI V-X VIII VIII IV-X VI-X VI, XI VIII-X V-VIII V-VIII VI-VII IV-VIII VII-VIII V, VII, X V, Fenology V, VIII, X V, VI-VIII, XI VII-VIII, X VII-VIII, X e e h h h h h h pa ho ho po po hn wp wp wp des wes hno hno hoes Areo- graphical 512 480 2200 2250 980-2250 850-1150 350-1850 400-2250 350-1000 400-2535 800-1000 800-1000 440-1140 2228-2324 1070-1850 2353-2535 2250-2324 2020-2545 1568-2228 2324-2440 1568-2440 1550-1568 Vertical (m) Vertical ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 3 7 74 16 36 36 104 120 3, 10 Table 3. Continued Table 18, 98 27, 125 18, 121 119, 120 149, 151 10, 36, 59 3, 11, 107 27, 119, 123 119, 120, 121 149, 151, 152 53, 65, 98, 120 Localities Rila of 31, 36, 46, 59, 65, 88, 120 18, 71, 119, 123, 124, 146, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152 18, 19, 20, 27, 70, 71, 89, 90, 90, 89, 71, 70, 27, 20, 19, 18, 3, 10, 12, 17, 18, 31, 36, 46, 26, 27, 70, 71, 97, 119, 120, 10, 15, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 122, 123, 124, 125, 134, 146, 92, 94, 119, 120, 123, 125, 134, 134, 125, 123, 120, 119, 94, 92, (Kieffer, 1913) (Kieffer, ) defectus (Linnaeus, 1758) Meigen, 1804 Meigen, Taxa Meigen, 1818 Meigen, ) dorsalis (Johannsen, 1937) (Johannsen, ) simulans ( Cryptochironomus (Walker, 1856) ) effusus (Walker, ( Rheocricotopus Rheocricotopus (Kieffer, 1909) (Kieffer, semivirens Synorthocladius Kieffer, 1909 Kieffer, gracilis Thienemannia Psectrocladius ( PsectrocladiusPsectrocladius (Kieffer, 1912) (Kieffer, acuticornis Thienemanniella Kieffer, 1925 Kieffer, flaviforceps Thienemanniella (Goetghebuer, 1934) (Goetghebuer, bavarica Tvetenia (Edwards, 1929) (Edwards, calvescens Tvetenia (Brundin, 1949) (Brundin, mucronata Zalutschia Chironomus ( LobochironomusChironomus ) plumosus ( Chironomus Chironomus ) riparius ( Chironomus Chironomus Cryptochironomus (Kieffer, 1908) (Kieffer, ) fuscimanus ( Eudactylocladius Orthocladius ) vulneratus ( Demicryptochironomus Demicryptochironomus 1838) (Zetterstedt, (Staeger, 1839) (Staeger, nervosus Dicrotendipes 1839) (Staeger, longipes Einfeldia (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, dispar Endochironomus 1804) (Meigen, ) pallens ( Glyptotendipes Glyptotendipes (Edwards, 1929) (Edwards, nudisquama Paratendipes (Kieffer, 1916) (Kieffer, ) exsectum ( Pentapedilum Polypedilum (van der Wulp, 1875) der Wulp, (van ) sordens ( Pentapedilum Polypedilum The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 59 3 167 102 102 169 145 169 102 145 3, 102 3, 144 52, 57 51, 153 162, 165 102, 145 49, 51, 166 References 51, 153, 162, 165 144, 145, 155, 169 49, 51, 153, 166, 167 V-X V-VI V-VII VI-XI V-VII VI-XI VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VI-VII IV-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology VI-VII, X e e h h h h h h tp ho po cse wes wes ban cseit cseel eswa Areo- hoes, ? tp graphical 550 550 1147 1147 1700 1200 1150 400-900 440-2003 400-1000 400-2368 400-2709 800-1147 300-1000 550-1800 2228-2535 2545-2709 1147-2600 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 39 39 111 109 109 109 109 111 109 Table 3. Continued Table 90, 93 14, 36 36, 111 85, 111 120, 123 109, 111 10, 11, 36 Localities Rila of 3, 11, 19, 31, 36, 46 10, 36, 70, 121, 122, 124 91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 119, 70, 119, 120, 121, 123, 125 3, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 36, 46, 64, 65, 75, 88, 89, Taxa Tabanidae / 25 Tabanidae Rhagionidae / 5 (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, ) nubeculosum Stratiomyidae / 5 Stratiomyidae Tabanomorpha Coenomyiidae / 1 (Schrank, 1803) ) scalaenum Stratiomyomorpha BRACHYCERA ORTHORRHAPHA BRACHYCERA Polypedilum ( Polypedilum Polypedilum (Linnaeus, 1758) tringarius Rhagio Polypedilum ( Tripodura Polypedilum (Linnaeus, 1758) ) caecutiens ( Chrysops Chrysops (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, vitripennis Nemorius (Walker, 1856) (Walker, ) mancus ( Cladotanytarsus Cladotanytarsus (Meigen, 1818) (Meigen, junci Micropsectra Goetghebuer 1939 radialis Micropsectra Kieffer, 1909 Kieffer, gregarius Tanytarsus (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, ferruginea Coenomyia 1763) (Scopoli, formosa Chloromyia (Harris, 1776) (Harris, singularior Stratiomys (Walker, 1849) (Walker, balius Lasiopa (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, calva Lasiopa 1798) (Panzer, atra Pachygaster (Fabricius, 1775) (Fabricius, cristatus Chrysopilus Loew, 1873 Loew, maerens Chrysopilus Meigen, 1804 Meigen, conspicuus Rhagio (Linnaeus, 1758) scolopaceus Rhagio 60 Zdravko Hubenov 54 54 68 66 54 68 54 102 102 145 102 102 66, 68 66, 68 54, 66 54, 145 54, 145 54, 145 68, 102 132, 141 54, 66, 68 66, 68, 102 54, 66, 141 54, 66, 145 47, 54, 141 References 66, 102, 145 54, 132, 141, 145, 147 VII V-IX IV-V VI-IX VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VII-IX VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e tp tp eit eit ho wp wp wp wp wes wcp wcp esca esca esca csea ? wp Areo- eanna cse, m ? csean tp, ? hop tp, hoes, ? tp hoes, ? tp eit, ? cseit eit, graphical 1800 1200 1147 1600 900-2550 900-2654 900-2550 900-1390 900-1390 550-1800 550-1800 900-1600 900-2000 550-2100 900-1400 545-1900 545-2100 1150-2100 1200-1800 1200-1800 1200-1800 1200-1600 1200-1600 1200-2550 1200-1600 1200-1400 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 66 46 46 109 111 109 Table 3. Continued Table 46, 66 46, 66 21, 109 46, 109 8, 22, 59 39, 46, 66 22, 39, 66 9, 21, 109 21, 46, 59 21, 59, 109 46, 66, 109 22, 46, 109 23, 39, 111 21, 59, 109 21, 59, 109, 9, 21, 59, 109 9, 21, 59, 109 23, 46, 66, 111 39, 110, 111, 140 Localities Rila of 9, 21, 42, 57, 59, 131 23, 39, 110, 111, 140 Taxa Bombyliidae / 9 Linnaeus, 1758 ) major Linnaeus, 1758 ) medius Linnaeus, 1758 ) minor (Meigen, 1804) fulvus (Meigen, Atylotus (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, aterrima Hybomitra (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, auripila Hybomitra (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, micans Hybomitra (Verrall, 1909) (Verrall, distinguenda Hybomitra (Séguy, 1937) (Séguy, ciureai Hybomitra (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, montana Hybomitra (Linnaeus, 1758) tropica Hybomitra Linnaeus, 1758 bovinus Tabanus Linnaeus, 1758 bromius Tabanus Meigen, 1820 Meigen, cordiger Tabanus Meigen, 1820 Meigen, glaucopis Tabanus Zetterstedt, 1842 Zetterstedt, maculicornis Tabanus Meigen, 1820 Meigen, quatuornotatus Tabanus Brauer, 1880 Brauer, miki Tabanus Meigen, 1820 Meigen, spodopterus Tabanus 1859 Egger, tergestinus Tabanus Loew, 1858 Loew, unifasciatus Tabanus (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, graeca Philipomyia Meigen, 1820 Meigen, grandis Haematopota Meigen, 1804 Meigen, italica Haematopota (Linnaeus, 1758) pluvialis Haematopota (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, aprica Philipomyia Bombylius ( Bombylius Bombylius (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, atra Bombylella Bombylius ( Bombylius Bombylius ( Bombylius Bombylius The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 61 85 102 145 245 145 102 145 169 145 169 101 101 144 102 101 102 144, 145 144, 145 102, 145 144, 145 144, 145 144, 145 144, 145 101, 102 References 144, 145, 169 101, 144, 145 IV IV VII V-VII V-VII V-VII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI- VII IV-VIII IV-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e e e e h tp tp tp po wp cse wes wes wes ban esca sena ? cse hoes hoes wces ? wes Areo- ? mwca hoes, ? tp graphical 550 550 900 550 1200 1374 1374 1374 1374 1500 350-400 900-2500 550-1200 550-2100 1200-1400 1200-1400 1200-1400 1789-2600 1200-1450 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 39 39 21 59 21 39 10 109 109 109 111 109 158 158 109 158 109 109 109 Table 3. Continued Table 21, 109 39, 111 9, 24, 85 109, 158 111, 158 22, 59, 85, 111 23, 39, 111, 140 Localities Rila of Taxa Asilidae / 23 Therevidae / 2 (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, eximia Pandivirilia Loew, 1847 Loew, tuberculata Thereva (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, fimbriata Choerades (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, ignea Choerades (Linnaeus, 1761) flava Laphria (Linnaeus, 1761) gibbosa Laphria 1820 Meigen, cothurnata Dioctria (Linnaeus, 1758) oelandica Dioctria (Fabricius, 1781) (Fabricius, cinctus Lasiopogon Schiner, 1862 Schiner, montanus Lasiopogon (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, ruficornis Cyrtopogon (Fabricius, 1781) (Fabricius, diadema Dasypogon (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, cylindrica Leptogaster Loew, 1871 Loew, cephalenus Dysmachus (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, picipes Didysmachus (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, fuscipennis Dysmachus (Loew, 1854) (Loew, stylifer Dysmachus Scopoli, 1763 Scopoli, barbatus Erax (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, rufibarbis Eutolmus (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, cothurnatus Neoitamus (Loew, 1849) (Loew, cyanurus Neoitamus (Fabricius, 1781) (Fabricius, capucina Exoprosopa (Linnaeus, 1758) maura Hemipenthes (Linnaeus, 1758) morio Hemipenthes (Fabricius, 1781) (Fabricius, sabea Lomatia (Linnaeus, 1758) hottentotta Villa 62 Zdravko Hubenov 63 33 63 63 63 5, 6 102 144 103 145 145 103 102 133 102 111 112 111 110 144, 145 144, 145 112, 113 110, 112 110, 111 110, 111 References V V V V V V VI VI VI VII VII V-IX V-VI V-VI VI, X IV-IX V-VII IV-VII V, VIII V, VI-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e e e e e e e ? e wp wp des des ppt wes wes Ebg hop hoes wces eswa e, ? h e, Areo- e, ? csee, hoes, ? tp graphical 1200 1200 850-1300 545-2100 930-1000 930-1000 930-1000 930-1000 930-1000 1200-1400 1000-1100 1374-1400 1374-1400 1374-1400 1374-1400 1374-1400 1374-1400 1374-1400 1374-1400 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 111 109 109 109 109 109 109 156 116 111 156 156 156 156 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 Table 3. Continued Table 21, 107 21, 114 Localities Rila of 23, 39, 110, 111, 140 Taxa Meigen, 1822 Meigen, ) tibialis (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, ) sulcata Hybotidae / 5 Hybotidae Empididae / 8 Dolichopodidae / 25 Meigen, 1804 Meigen, ) opaca (Fallen, 1816) (Fallen, ) culicina ( Holoclera Rhamphomyia Collin, 1961 precabunda Chelifera Rhamphomyia ( RhamphomyiaRhamphomyia 1851 Walker, ) lota ( Chamaedipsia Wiedemannia (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, aemula Stilpnogaster (Meigen, 1820) (Meigen, geniculatus Neomochtherus (Fallen, 1814) (Fallen, atricapillus Tolmerus Rhamphomyia ( RhamphomyiaRhamphomyia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, nigra Bicellaria Lehr, 1981 Lehr, bolgaricus Tolmerus 1787 Fabricius, ) ciliata ( Euempis Empis 1794 Fabricius, ) tessellata ( Euempis Empis Empis ( Polyblepharis Empis (Meigen, 1829) (Meigen, maculipes Platypalpus (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, niger Platypalpus (Collin, 1926) pallidicornis Platypalpus (Fallen, 1815) (Fallen, assimilis (Drapetis) Drapetis (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, crassipes Rhaphium Loew, 1850 Loew, monotrichum Rhaphium (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, balticus Hydrophorus Parent, 1925 Parent, desoutteri Sympycnus (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Zetterstedt, denticulatum Syntormon (von Roser,1840) (von fuscipes Syntormon (Haliday, 1815) (Haliday, monile Syntormon (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, pallipes Syntormon The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 63 29 32 56 56 56 111 112 112 112 112 112 112 145 112 112 4, 56 25, 46 110, 112 112, 113 111, 112 References 110, 111, 112 110, 111, 112 110, 111, 112 VI VI VII VII V-X V-IX V-IX V-VI V-VI V-VII VII-IX VIII-X VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VIII Fenology e e e e e h h h tp tp po po po wp des ena wes wes wes hno hoes hoes wces Areo- graphical 2000 2925 930-1000 1374-1400 1374-1400 1374-1400 1374-1530 1374-1400 1374-1400 1374-1400 1374-1400 1000-1750 1374-1400 1374-1400 1374-1400 1374-1400 1374-1400 1374-1400 1374-1400 2000-2100 1200-1400 1200-2000 1200-1400 Vertical (m) Vertical ● ● ● ● ● Parks Distribution 8 52 84 21 85 21 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 156 Table 3. Continued Table 97, 158 22, 46, 66 Localities Rila of Taxa Aschiza Phoridae / 1 Phoridae Syrphidae / 149 Platypezidae / 1 BRACHYCERA CYCLORRHAPHA BRACHYCERA (Fallén, 1823) (Fallén, curvipes Campsicnemus (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, pumilum Syntormon (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, auricollis Argyra (Fallén, 1823) (Fallén, gramineus Chrysotus (Wiedemann, 1817) (Wiedemann, laesus Chrysotus 1874 Kowarz, pulchellus Chrysotus (Stæger, 1842) (Stæger, angustifrons Gymnopternus (Stæger 1842) (Stæger brevicornis Gymnopternus (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, sahlbergi Hercostomus Staeger, 1842 Staeger, lepidus Dolichopus Meigen, 1824 Meigen, pennatus Dolichopus Haliday, 1851 Haliday, phaeopus Dolichopus 1824 Meigen, picipes Dolichopus (Scopoli, 1783) (Scopoli, plumipes Dolichopus Wiedemann, 1817 Wiedemann, popularis Dolichopus Meigen, 1824 Meigen, simplex Dolichopus (Linnaeus, 1758) ungulatus Dolichopus Chandler, 1976 Chandler, saibhira Callomyia (Strobl, 1910) (Strobl, bicornuta Triphleba (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, Dasysyrphus albostriatus (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, Dasysyrphus venustus (Fallen, 1817) (Fallen, alneti Didea (Harris 1780) (Harris profuges Doros 64 Zdravko Hubenov 4 4 4 4 4 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 145 102 169 169 138 137 169 4, 145 4, 102, 137 References VI VI VI VI V-X V-X V-X V-X IV-X IV-X IV-X IX-X IV-X III-X V-VI V-VI VI-X VI-X IV-VIII IV-VIII IV-VIII VIII-IX VIII-IX Fenology VI-VII, IX h h h h h h h h h h h et tp tp ho ho ho ho ho ho wp des poa hop esca esca ppta hoes Areo- graphical 1800 1147 1147 1800 1800 1147 550-650 900-1550 400-1374 800-1000 550-1900 800-1100 1200-1400 1200-1400 1500-2300 1200-1400 1200-1400 1200-1400 1200-1400 1500-1550 1170-1200 1200-1400 1200-1400 1200-1400 1200-1400 1200-1400 1500-1550 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ Parks Distribution 21 21 69 21 21 21 21 97 46 21 21 66 66 21 21 21 39 97 109 111 111 111 Table 3. Continued Table 10, 158 36, 109 36, 116 21, 59, 97 97, 137, 145 Localities Rila of 36, 39, 46, 55, 110, 111, 140 Taxa (Harris, 1780) (Harris, eligans Epistrophe (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Zetterstedt, lasiophthalma Melangyna 1817) (Fallen, guttata Meligramma (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Zetterstedt, triangulifera Meligramma (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, auricollis Meliscaeva (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Zetterstedt, diaphana Epistrophe (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, grossulariae Epistrophe (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, nitidicollis Epistrophe (Kowarz, 1885) (Kowarz, euchroma Epistrophella 1776) (De Geer, balteatus Episyrphus (Linnaeus, 1758) lucorum Leucozona (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Zetterstedt, cinctella Meliscaeva (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, lapponicus Eupeodes (Macquart, 1829) (Macquart, latifasciatus Eupeodes 1822) (Meigen, luniger Eupeodes (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, corollae Eupeodes (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Zetterstedt, lineolus Parasyrphus (Collin, 1952) malinellus Parasyrphus (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Zetterstedt, lineolus Parasyrphus (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Zetterstedt, nitens Eupeodes (Linnaeus, 1758) pyrastri Scaeva (Linnaeus, 1758) menthastri Sphaerophoria (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, philantha Sphaerophoria Meigen, 1822 Meigen, vitripennis Syrphus (Harris, 1776) (Harris, pedissequum Xanthogramma (Linnaeus, 1758) scripta Sphaerophoria (Linnaeus, 1758) ribesii Syrphus (Fabricius, 1775) (Fabricius, elongata Baccha The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 65 4 4 4 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 138 102 169 145 4, 56 4, 56 4, 102 56; 138 56, 102 56, 138 4, 56, 138 4, 102, 137 References 56, 138, 145, 169 V V VI VI VI V-X V-X V-X V-IX IV-X VI, X V-VII V-VII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e h h h h h h h h h tp tp tp tp po ho ho po ho wp hat des wes esca esca ? mt hoes hoes Areo- graphical 900 900 1800 1147 1800 1147 350-450 400-1550 450-1147 540-2100 900-1400 400-1374 400-1400 900-1200 1200-1550 1200-1550 1500-1550 1200-1400 1200-1550 1200-1400 1147-1550 1200-1400 1170-1400 1200-1400 1500-1550 1374-1400 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 97 21 10 21 66 66 21 59 21 97 59 111 111 109 158 109 Table 3. Continued Table 21, 97 21, 97 21, 97 21, 59 21, 46 46, 59 58, 111 10, 21, 36 55, 97, 111 Localities Rila of 10, 21, 59, 97, 111 10, 59, 110, 111, 158 23, 36, 39, 46, 110, 111, 140 Taxa (Linnaeus, 1758) arcuatum Chrysotoxum Loew, 1841 Loew, elegans Chrysotoxum (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, fasciolatum Chrysotoxum (Linnaeus, 1758) festivum Chrysotoxum (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, intermedium Chrysotoxum Curtis, 1837 Curtis, octomaculatum Chrysotoxum (Harris, 1780) (Harris, comtus Xanthandrus Loew, 1841 Loew, vernale Chrysotoxum (Linnaeus, 1758) mellinum Melanostoma (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, ambiguus Platycheirus 1781) (Fabricius, albimanus Platycheirus (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, clypeatus Platycheirus Loew, 1856 Loew, melanopsis Platycheirus (Macquart, 1829) (Macquart, fulviventris Platycheirus (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, manicatus Platycheirus 1838) (Zetterstedt, podagratus Platycheirus (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, peltatus Platycheirus (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, scutatus Platycheirus (Fallen, 1817) (Fallen, albifrons Paragus (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, bicolor Paragus 1853 Schiner & Egger, cinctus Paragus Meigen, 1822 Meigen, haemorrhous Paragus Meigen, 1822 Meigen, quadrifasciatus Paragus (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, tibialis Paragus 1822 Meigen, austriaca Pipiza 1804) (Panzer, quadrimaculata Pipiza 1805) (Fabricius, virens Pipizella (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, flavitarsis Trichopsomyia 66 Zdravko Hubenov 4 4 4 4 4 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 44 56 56 102 102 145 169 102 4, 56 4, 102 4, 138 56, 102 52, 53, 57 References V V V V VI VI VI VI VII VIII V-VI V-VI V-VI V-VI V-VII IV-VI IV-VI V-VII IV-VII V-VIII V-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e e e e h h h se tp wp des des des wes wcp wcp hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes wces Areo- hoes, ? tp hoes, ? tp graphical 900 1200 1800 1800 1800 1150 900-1400 400-1550 400-1550 400-1000 1500-1550 1200-1800 1200-1550 1200-1800 1200-1400 1200-1400 1500-1550 1500-1550 1150-1400 1500-1550 1350-1475 1200-1400 1200-1400 1200-1400 1200-1400 1350-1475 1200-1400 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ Parks Distribution 46 97 21 59 66 21 97 97 66 66 97 54 55 21 21 21 21 55 21 111 Table 3. Continued Table 21, 97 21, 66 21, 36 14, 97 10, 36 21, 111 46, 55, 66 14, 59, 97 Localities Rila of Taxa (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, scaevoides Chamaesyrphus (Harris, 1780) (Harris, illustrata Cheilosia 1840 Loew, impressa Cheilosia (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Zetterstedt, latifrons Cheilosia Loew, 1840 Loew, primus Triglyphus (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, albitarsis Cheilosia Loew, 1857 Loew, barbata Cheilosia (Panzer, 1801) (Panzer, canicularis Cheilosia (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Zetterstedt, melanopa Cheilosia (Becker, 1894) (Becker, melanura Cheilosia (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, morio Cheilosia (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, mutabilis Cheilosia (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, pagana Cheilosia Loew, 1863 Loew, pallipes Cheilosia (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Zetterstedt, proxima Cheilosia (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, pubera Cheilosia 1860 Egger, rhynchops Cheilosia 1822)] (Meigen, 1822) [ Ch. urbana (Meigen, ruralis Cheilosia Egger, 1860 Egger, schineri Cheilosia (Becker, 1894) (Becker, semifasciata Cheilosia (Panzer, 1798) (Panzer, variabilis Cheilosia (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, vernalis Cheilosia 1822) (Meigen, vulpina Cheilosia Loew, 1840 Loew, velutina Cheilosia (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, cuprea Ferdinandea Meigen, 1822 Meigen, tricincta Pelecocera Meigen, 1822 Meigen, campestris Rhingia (Linnaeus, 1758) rostrata Rhingia The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 67 4 4 4 56 56 56 56 56 56 52 56 102 102 102 137 169 4, 56 4, 56 53, 57 56, 169 56, 169 145, 169 102, 169 4, 56, 145 4, 102, 145 4, 102, 137 References 102, 145, 169 56, 102, 138, 145 V IV VI VI VI VII VIII VIII VIII V-IX V-VI VI-X V-VII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VIII-IX VI-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII V, VIII-X V, Fenology e e e e h tp tp po des des ena ena ena ena ban wcp esca esca hoes hoes hoes hoes wces ha, ? i ha, Areo- ? hoes ? hoes esca, ? tp graphical hoes ? esca 1147 1800 1800 1800 1150 550-650 900-1400 550-1800 900-1550 900-1000 800-1500 1150-2500 1150-2000 1150-1400 1500-1550 1200-1400 1200-1400 1170-1400 1200-1400 1500-1550 1150-2145 1200-1800 1200-1400 1150-1400 1150-1400 1150-1400 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 97 21 21 21 97 39 66 66 21 66 109 111 109 111 Table 3. Continued Table 59, 97 21, 46 21, 66 12, 36 21, 111 111, 85 21, 109 21, 111 21, 111 21, 111 21, 36, 46 21, 111, 137 36, 39, 66, 111 Localities Rila of 21, 57, 97, 111, 158 Taxa (Linnaeus, 1758) pellucens Volucella (Poda, 1761) (Poda, zonaria Volucella (Linnaeus, 1758) bombylans Volucella (Linnaeus, 1758) inanis Volucella (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, bicolor Brachyopa 1945 Goffe, panzeri Brachyopa 1840) (Loew, parumplicata Melanogaster 1817) (Fallén, solstitialis Chrysogaster (Linnaeus, 1758) viduata Pipizella (Fabricius, 1781) (Fabricius, metallina Lejogaster (Meigen, 1822) (Meigen, tarsata Lejogaster 1822) (Meigen, elegans Orthonevra 1830) (Meigen geniculata Orthonevra 1817) (Fallén, nobilis Orthonevra (Müller, 1776) (Müller, annexa Neoascia (Fabricius, 1775) (Fabricius, podagrica Neoascia (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, meticulosa Neoascia 1822) (Meigen, geniculata Neoascia (Fallen, 1816) (Fallen, clunipes Sphegina Becker, 1921 Becker, montana Sphegina (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, bombiforme Arctophila Herve-Bazin, 1913 bequaerti Arctophila (Linnaeus, 1758) lappona Sericomyia 1776) (Harris, silentis Sericomyia (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, strigatus Eumerus Egger, 1860 Egger, aberrans Merodon Meigen, 1822 Meigen, aeneus Merodon (Rossi, 1790) (Rossi, avidus Merodon 68 Zdravko Hubenov 4 4 4 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 145 145 102 145 138 102 102 102 4, 56 4, 169 4, 169 56; 238 137, 145 52, 56, 145 References 102, 137, 138 102, 137, 138, 145, 169 V IX VI VII VII V-X VIII IV-X IV-X IV-X V-VI VI-X V-VII V-VIII IV-VII VII-IX IV-VIII IV-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII Fenology VI-VII, IX e e e e e k h h h tp tp ha ? e ho po po cse wp cse nm ena ena ena hoes hoes Areo- hno, ? sk hno, hpta, ? sk hpta, graphical hoes ? esca 1150 1150 1800 350-400 800-1800 400-1550 550-1800 350-1400 350-1374 550-1374 550-1150 800-1000 550-1000 1500-1550 1500-1550 1500-1550 1500-1550 1200-1400 1200-1800 1200-1400 1150-1800 1200-1800 1200-1400 1200-1400 1200-1400 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Parks Distribution 97 97 97 97 21 10 66 21 36 21 21 21 109 109 109 111 111 Table 3. Continued Table 36, 66 14, 97 21, 66 21, 66 66, 111 10, 158 39, 111 10, 21, 59 36, 39, 109 39, 109, 158 Localities Rila of 36, 39, 66, 109, 111, 158 Taxa (Fabricius, 1781) (Fabricius, clavipes Merodon (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, equestris Merodon Merodon loewi der Goot, 1964 van Merodon (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, cinereus Merodon Meigen, 1822 Meigen, ruficornis Merodon Meigen, 1838 rufus Meigen, Merodon Sack, 1913 Sack, testaceus Merodon Meigen, 1822 Meigen, anthracina Psilota (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, abdominalis Psarus (Linnaeus, 1758) conopsoides Ceriana (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, aeneus Eristalinus (Linnaeus, 1758) sepulchralis Eristalinus (Linnaeus, 1758) arbustorum Eristalis (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, horticola Eristalis (Linnaeus, 1758) intricaria Eristalis Egger, 1858 Egger, jugorum Eristalis (Linnaeus, 1758) ? nemorum Eristalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, cryptarum Eristalis (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, similis Eristalis Fabricius, 1805 Fabricius, rupium Eristalis Loew, 1846 Loew, hybridus Helophilus (Fabricius, 1805) (Fabricius, trivittatus Helophilus (Linnaeus, 1758) tenax Eristalis (Linnaeus, 1758) pendulus Helophilus (Linnaeus, 1758) fallax Blera 1794) (Fabricius, saltuum Spilomyia (Linnaeus, 1758) pipiens Syritta 1816) (Fallen, laphriformis Brachypalpus The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 69 3 3 56 58 56 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 145 102 124 124 124 124 102 58, 169 145; 169 3, 58, 102 References 56, 145, 169 58, 145, 169 V VI VI VI VII VII VII VIII V-VII V-VII V, VII V, V-VIII V-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII V-VI, X V-VI, VI, VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e e h se tp tp tp sp ho po ho nm hop wpo hoes hom wces Areo- esanca sp, ? tp sp, tp, ? hop tp, ? hop tp, graphical hoes ? esca 900 360 900 2729 1150 400-450 800-1200 800-1000 930-1700 2100-2300 1200-1400 1200-1400 1150-1800 1200-1400 1200-1400 1350-1475 1150-1500 1200-1400 1200-1400 1200-1400 1200-1400 1350-1475 1150-1550 1500-1550 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 8 21 21 55 36 67 59 55 97 14 59 129 111 Table 3. Continued Table 36, 46 21, 109 21, 109 21, 109 21, 109 21, 109 97, 111 21, 109 156, 142 55, 66, 111 21, 109, 111 Localities Rila of Taxa (Verrall, 1901) (Verrall, ) incognita Acalyptrata Schizophora Conopidae / 20 Pipunculidae / 5 Meigen, 1824 Meigen, ) elegans De Geer, 1776 De Geer, ) quadrifasciatus 1804 Meigen ) scutellatus Wiedemann in Meigen, 1824 in Meigen, Wiedemann ) silaceus Linnaeus, 1761 ) vesicularis 1847 Loew, ) vitellinus ( Dorylomyia (Linnaeus, 1758) femoratus Chalcosyrphus (Panzer, 1798) (Panzer, ignava Xylota (Linnaeus, 1758) segnis Xylota (Linnaeus, 1758) sylvarum Xylota Microdon devius (Linnaeus, 1761) Microdon Fabricius, 1794 Fabricius, dorsalis Myopa (Meigen, 1804) (Meigen, notatum Zodion (Linnaeus, 1758) buccata Myopa Latreille, 1805 Latreille, campestris Pipunculus (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, cinereum Zodion Rondani, 1865 erythrurum Rondani, Zodion Coe, 1966 jenkinsoni Eudorylas Dorylomorpha (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, nigra Physocephala (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, variegata Physocephala (Kertész, 1907 (Kertész, coquilletti Tomosvaryella (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, geniculata Tomosvaryella Conops ( Conops Conops ( Conops Conops 1824) (Meigen, chrysorrhoea Physocephala Conops ( Asiconops Conops Conops ( Conops Conops ( Conops Conops ( Conops Conops 70 Zdravko Hubenov 2 2 58 58 58 44 44 59 59 59 44 44 53 23 44 169 102 148 152 102 3, 58 3, 58, 102 References IX VII VII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII IV-X V-VII V-VIII IV-VII VI-VII VI-VII VI-VII IV-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e h h Er ho po po ess wp wp wp ena wes hop wpo wpo wces wces Areo- dp, ? tp dp, wesanca graphical 400 900 900 1200 1150 2200 1200 1150 2250 2500 1374 1374 800-1700 1000-1400 1150-1700 1150-1300 1200-1400 1150-1300 1200-1400 1150-1300 1150-1300 1150-1300 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● Parks Distribution 21 10 21 21 21 40 47 59 111 111 111 109 158 158 Table 3. Continued Table 21, 116 54, 109 111, 114 111, 113 111, 114 111, 114 21, 36, 109 21, 109, 111 Localities Rila of Taxa Tephritidae / 8 Tephritidae Lauxaniidae / 1 Sciomyzidae / 2 Agromyzidae / 48 Agromyzidae Cremifaniidae / 1 Chamaemyiidae / 1 (Linnaeus, 1767) testacea Myopa (Meigen 1824) (Meigen bicolor Melanosoma (Wiedemann in Meigen, 1824) in Meigen, (Wiedemann pallipes Myopotta 1775) (Fabricius, atra Thecophora 1824) (Meigen, pusilla Thecophora (Linnaeus, 1761) ferrugineus Sicus 1817) (Wiedemann, cognata Acidia (Linnaeus, 1758) heraclei Euleia (Meigen 1826) (Meigen ) colon ( Terellia Terellia (Loew, 1844) (Loew, flavipennis Oxyna (Schrank, 1803) bardanae Tephritis (Loew, 1844) (Loew, vespertina Tephritis 1794) (Fabricius, artemisiae Trypeta (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, cornuta Stemonocera Hendel, 1931 Hendel, alnibetulae Agromyza Meigen 1830 Meigen nana Agromyza Nowakowski, 1967 Nowakowski, pseudoreptans Agromyza L. Papp, 2010 L. Papp, bulgarica Cremifania (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, aeneum Calliopum Tanasijtshuk, 1970 Tanasijtshuk, subjuncorum Chamaemyia 1820) (Fallén, cinerella Pherbellia Fallen, 1820 Fallen, ferruginea Tetanocera The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 71 2 2 2 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 2, 44 2, 44 References VII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII-IX Fenology e e e e e e e e e e h h h h h h h ho po ho po po ena hno wpo wpo wpo Areo- graphical ewca, ? eca 580 1700 1700 1700 1300 1374 1374 580-660 580-1150 580-1374 580-1200 580-1200 580-1200 580-1200 1150-1300 1150-1300 1150-1300 1150-1200 1150-1200 1150-1200 1150-1200 1150-1200 1150-1200 1150-1200 1150-1374 1150-1200 1150-1200 1150-1200 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Parks Distribution 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 158 160 111 160 111 111 158 111 111 111 111 Table 3. Continued Table 111, 160 111, 160 111, 160 111, 158 111, 160 111, 160 111, 158, 160 Localities Rila of (Hendel, 1920) (Hendel, Taxa Meigen, 1830 Meigen, rufipes Agromyza Stary, 1930 Stary, heringi Ophiomyia Fallen, 1823 Fallen, reptans Agromyza Hering, 1937 Hering, labiatarum Ophiomyia (Meigen, 1838) (Meigen, maura Ophiomyia (Kaltenbach, 1858) (Kaltenbach, ) lamii ( Amauromyza Amauromyza (Zetterstedt, 1848) (Zetterstedt, ) morionella ( Amauromyza Amauromyza (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, ) flavifrons ( Cephalomyza Amauromyza (Fallen 1823) (Fallen gyrans (Cephalomyza) Amauromyza ) labiatarum ( Cephalomyza Amauromyza 1847) (Bouché, ) verbasci ( Cephalomyza Amauromyza (Meigen 1830) (Meigen ) pygmaea ( Poemyza Cerodontha (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, amoena Liriomyza de Meijere, 1924 de Meijere, artemisicola Liriomyza Hering, 1937 Hering, buhri Liriomyza Hering, 1930 Hering, demeijerei Liriomyza (Becker, 1903) (Becker, congesta Liriomyza (Kaltenbach, 1873) (Kaltenbach, eupatorii Liriomyza (Meigen, 1838) (Meigen, pascuum Liriomyza (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, puella Liriomyza Hendel, 1931 Hendel, sonchi Liriomyza (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, strigata Liriomyza Hering, 1927 Hering, taraxaci Liriomyza (Loew, 1869) (Loew, melampyga Phytoliriomyza (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, variegata Phytoliriomyza (Kaltenbach, 1856) (Kaltenbach, artemisiae Calycomyza (Brischke, 1880) (Brischke, similis Aulagromyza (Loew, 1858) (Loew, tridentata Aulagromyza 72 Zdravko Hubenov 2 2 2 2 2 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 33 24 33 30 30 30 30 2, 44 2, 44 2, 44 2, 44 27, 30 References V-X VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII VIII V-XI IV-X V-IX IV-IX V-VII IV-VII VI-VIII Fenology e e e e e e e e e e e h h h h eit ho wpo wpo hoes wces ewca e, ? h e, e, ? h e, Areo- e, ? ena e, graphical 1374 1374 1374 1374 1374 2389 1400 580-660 580-660 580-1374 580-1374 800-1150 800-1150 800-1150 1150-1200 1150-1200 1150-1200 1150-1200 1150-1374 1150-1374 1150-1200 1150-1200 1200-2389 1400-2100 1500-1550 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● Parks Distribution 84 97 97 160 158 111 111 160 111 158 158 111 158 111 111 158 104 104 104 8, 97 Table 3. Continued Table 21, 84 111, 158 111, 158 158, 160 109, 158, 160 Localities Rila of Becker, 1910 Becker, Taxa Milichiidae / 1 (Haliday, 1838) (Haliday, Opomyzidae / 2 Chloropidae / 61 Groschke, 1957 Groschke, alpina Phytomyza 1971 Spencer, artemisivora Phytomyza Fallén, 1823 Fallén, affinis Phytomyza (Kaltenbach, 1856) (Kaltenbach, chaerophylli Phytomyza Hendel, 1923 Hendel, cirsii Phytomyza Hering 1927 Hering erigerophila Phytomyza Hendel 1927 Hendel eupatorii Phytomyza Meigen 1830 Meigen notata Phytomyza Hendel 1920 Hendel obscura Phytomyza 1923 Hendel pastinacae Phytomyza Hering, 1924 Hering, petoei Phytomyza Hering, 1932 Hering, ranunculivora Phytomyza (Hering, 1924) (Hering, salviae Phytomyza Kaltenbach 1869 Kaltenbach senecionis Phytomyza Robineau-Desvoidy 1851 Robineau-Desvoidy spondylii Phytomyza Hendel 1927 Hendel tetrasticha Phytomyza 1925 Hendel tussilaginis Phytomyza (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, florum Opomyza Fallén, 1823 Fallén, tripunctata Geomyza (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, trilineatum Aphanotrigonum Fallén, 1820 Fallén, glabra Madiza ) raptus ( Dicraeus Dicraeus (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, frontella Conioscinella (Zetterstedt, 1848) (Zetterstedt, sordidella Conioscinella ) nigropilosus ( Dicraeus Dicraeus The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 73 30 30 30 39 27 27 30 27 30 27 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 27 30 30 30 27, 30 27, 30 30, 169 21, 22, 30 References IX IX V-X V-X V-X V-X V-X IV-X V-IX IV-X IV-X IV-X IV-X IV-X III-V III-V IV-IX V-VII III-VI IV-VII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VII- IX VI-VIII VI-VIII Fenology e e e e e e e h h h h ha po wp ena wes wes hop hop ? wp hoes hoes hoes hoes wces Areo- ? hoes hpta, k hpta, h*, ? wp graphical 460 460 360 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 400-650 400-450 400-450 800-1400 800-1150 800-1500 800-1150 800-1400 360-2100 400-1400 800-1150 800-1300 850-1400 850-1400 800-1150 850-1600 850-1450 2000-2100 1150-1600 Vertical (m) Vertical ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ Parks Distribution 84 97 97 97 97 83 83 97 14 14 97 104 104 129 104 104 Table 3. Continued Table 14, 39 14, 97 97, 104 21, 104 97, 104 97, 104 21, 97, 104 55, 97, 111 55, 97, 104 97, 104, 158 97, 104, 158 Localities Rila of 22, 84, 97, 103, 129 Taxa (Meigen, 1838) (Meigen, (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, (Macquart, 1835) (Macquart, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, cornuta Elachiptera Collin, 1946 diastema Elachiptera ) tibialis ( Dicraeus Dicraeus Becker, 1910 Becker, fascipes Gaurax (Zetterstedt, 1858) (Zetterstedt, laevicollis Hapleginella (Becker, 1910) (Becker, kerteszi Incertella (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, palposa Lasiambia 1830 Meigen, lucens Lipara Doskocil & Chvala, 1971 Doskocil & Chvala, pullitarsis Lipara Schiner, 1854 Schiner, similis Lipara Balachovsky & Mesnil, 1935 & Mesnil, Balachovsky ) alopecuri ( Oscinella Oscinella (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, albipalpis Incertella Collin, 1946 ) cariciphila ( Oscinella Oscinella ) frit ( Oscinella Oscinella (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, maura (Oscinella) Oscinella (Macquart, 1835) (Macquart, ) nigerrima ( Oscinella Oscinella ) nitidissima ( Oscinella Oscinella ) pusilla ( Oscinella Oscinella (Curtis, 1845) (Curtis, ) vastator ( Oscinella Oscinella Nartshuk, 1955 Nartshuk, ) ventricosi ( Oscinella Oscinella (Strobl, 1900) (Strobl, minutissima Oscinimorpha (Strobl, 1903) (Strobl, sordidissima Oscinimorpha (Macquart, 1835) (Macquart, ruficornis Polyodaspis (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, oscinina Siphonella (Macquart, 1835) (Macquart, ruficeps Trachysiphonella 1830) (Meigen, ) cincta ( Nartshukiella Tricimba (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, ) cereris ( Cetema Cetema (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, ) elongatum ( Cetema Cetema 74 Zdravko Hubenov 30 30 30 30 30 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 20 30 30 30 30 169 169 169 19, 30 20, 30 References V V V-X V-X V-X V-X V-IX IV-X IV-X IV-X IV-X VI-X IV-IX V-VII VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII VII-IX VI-VII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e e e e e e e h h h h h se tp des ppt wes csee wces wces wces wces wces wesca Areo- ? hoes wp, ? wcp wp, graphical 360 1450 1450 1600 1600 360-400 800-1400 850-1450 400-1450 800-1400 400-1374 900-1450 850-1150 850-1150 900-1600 850-1150 850-1450 360-1450 850-1450 1350-1800 1150-1200 1200-1400 1450-1600 1400-1450 1150-1600 1400-1450 1150-1200 1400-1450 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 97 97 21 14 55 97 97 55 97 111 129 104 104 104 111 Table 3. Continued Table 55, 97 45, 97 97, 104 97, 104 10, 158 97, 104 97, 129 97, 104 55, 64, 97 45, 55, 97 55, 97, 111 97, 104, 158 10, 97, 103, 158 Localities Rila of Fedoseeva, 1960 Fedoseeva, 1960 Fedoseeva, 1960 Fedoseeva, 1974 Taxa Meigen, 1830 Meigen, Meigen, 1830 Meigen, (Loew, 1866) (Loew, Fedoseeva, 1962 ) myopinum ( Cetema Cetema Tonnoir, 1921 Tonnoir, ) neglectum ( Cetema Cetema ) calceatus ( Chlorops Chlorops Meigen, 1830 Meigen, ) geminatus ( Chlorops Chlorops ) hypostigma ( Chlorops Chlorops 1778) (Bjerkander, pumilionis (Chlorops) Chlorops Meigen, 1830 Meigen, ) speciosus ( Chlorops Chlorops (Zetterstedt, 1848) (Zetterstedt, ) troglodytes ( Chlorops Chlorops Meigen, 1830 Meigen, ) limbatus ( Sclerophallus Chlorops 1820) (Fallén, messoria Diplotoxa Duda, 1933 italicus Elachiptereicus (Guérin-Menéville, 1843) (Guérin-Menéville, herpini Lasiosina ) athletica ( Meromyza Meromyza Fedoseeva, 1962 ) bohemica ( Meromyza Meromyza 1835 Macquart, ) femorata ( Meromyza Meromyza Meigen, 1830 Meigen, ) pratorum ( Meromyza Meromyza Fedoseeva, 1960 ) mosquensis ( Meromyza Meromyza Macquart, 1835 Macquart, ) nigriventris ( Meromyza Meromyza Fedoseeva, 1974 ) rohdendorfi ( Meromyza Meromyza ) nigriseta ( Meromyza Meromyza ) rufa ( Meromyza Meromyza (Linnaeus, 1761) ) saltatrix ( Meromyza Meromyza ) triangulina ( Meromyza Meromyza Meigen 1830 Meigen variegata (Meromyza) Meromyza (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, glabra Thaumatomyia Andersson, 1966 Andersson, hallandica Thaumatomyia ) zahvatkini ( Meromyza Meromyza (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, notata Thaumatomyia The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 75 48 48 48 44 34 34 35 26 35 35 35 131 28, 35 28, 35 28, 37 28, 36 28, 36 28, 36 28, 38 28, 38 28, 38 28, 38 35; 28, References II II II V-X V-X V-X V-X V-X V-X V-X VIII IV-X IV-X IV-X IV-X V-IX IV-X IV-X IV-X IV-X V-IX IV-IX IV-IX Fenology e e h h h tp sk Er dp hn wp wp wp pat hno wcp hnat ewca e, ? h e, Areo- tp, ? hop tp, tp, ? hop tp, dp, ? wcp dp, graphical wces, ? bm wces, 400 400 400 2005 2000 1500 2005 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 2000 850-2196 400-1600 400-1600 400-2400 400-1600 400-2000 1150-1200 1500-1600 1400-2400 1500-1600 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 9 8 97 97 14 97 14 97 97 14 117 117 117 111 Table 3. Continued Table 64, 97 64, 102 14, 64, 97, 10, 84, 158 10, 55, 97, 158 Localities Rila of 8, 84, 97, 102, 153 10, 97, 102, 103, 158 8, 10, 44, 97, 102, 158 8, 97, 102, 104, 124, 153, 158 (Haliday, 1833) (Haliday, Taxa (Fallén, 1813) (Fallén, Diastatidae / 1 Diastatidae Ephydridae / 26 Ephydridae Heleomyzidae / 2 Heleomyzidae Drosophilidae / 1 Sphaeroceridae / 2 Sphaeroceridae Fallén, 1813 Fallén, ) cinerea 1844 Stenhammar, ) dorsata (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, ) littoralis ) coarctata Loew, 1860 Loew, ) cognata ) fossarum ( Chaetoapnaea ( Parydra ( Parydra Czerny, 1930 Czerny, borisregis Orbellia (Wahlgren, 1918) ) nigrinervis (Wahlgren, ( Leriola Scoliocentra Fallén, 1820 Fallén, equina Copromyza (Fallén, 1823) (Fallén, ) flava ( Scaptomyza Scaptomyza Norrbom & Kim, 1985 & Kim, Norrbom rohaceki Crumomyia Meigen, 1830 Meigen, costata Diastata (Macquart, 1835) (Macquart, polita Psilopa (Fallén, 1813) griseola (Fallén, Hydrellia Meigen, 1838 Meigen, maura Hydrelia Fallén, 1813 Fallén, nitidula Psilopa (Fallén, 1813) (Fallén, caudata Dichaeta 1926 Becker, graecula Notiphila Stenhammar, 1844 Stenhammar, nigricornis Notiphila Notiphila ( Notiphila Notiphila ( Notiphila Notiphila (Fallén, 1813) (Fallén, obscurella Dicrocerina (Fallén, 1813) (Fallén, picta Nostima (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, stictica Philygria (Fallén, 1813) (Fallén, guttata Hyadina Parydra Parydra Parydra Parydra ( ParydraParydra 76 Zdravko Hubenov 28 16 45 125 130 130 125 145 125 125 131 131 +++ 28, 38 28, 38 28, 38 28, 38 28, 38 28, 38 28, 38 28, 38 102, 131 References II-X VIII IV-X IV-X IV-X IV-X IV-X IV-X IX-X III-X II-XI III-X IV-XI IV-XI V-VII V-VII VII-X V-VIII VI-VII VI-VII VII-VIII V-VII, X V-VII, Fenology e k k h h h h h hat hat hop wcp mca ppta hoes hoes hptn hptn Areo- hpta, sk hpta, ena, ? sk ena, des, ? dp graphical hpt, ? shpt hpt, 400 550 2300 2000 2000 2000 2000 2500 1500 900-2000 550-1960 900-2000 550-1960 550-2100 550-1960 550-1960 400-1500 1400-2200 1500-2000 1400-2200 1350-2100 1200-1400 Vertical (m) Vertical ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 8 14 84 22 21 85 39 97 109 109 8, 97 8, 97 Table 3. Continued Table 8, 97, 14, 97 55, 122 8, 22, 84 8, 45, 97 39, 66, 111 39, 66, 111 39, 66, 111 39, 66, 111 Localities Rila of 23, 39, 97, 109, 111 Taxa Calyptrata Fanniidae / 2 Fanniidae Muscidae / 55 Muscidae (Fallén, 1813) (Fallén, Anthomyiidae / 3 Anthomyiidae Hippoboscidae / 1 Scathophagidae / 2 (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, ) subguttata (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, ) paludum ) stagnalis Collin, 1930 ) tenuicosta ( Scatella ( Scatella (Stenhammar, 1844) (Stenhammar, caviceps Scatophila (Fallén, 1813) (Fallén, quadrata Limnellia Hendel, 1933 Hendel, bimaculata Lamproscatella (Haliday, 1833) (Haliday, sibilans Lamproscatella 1907) (Becker, unipunctata Lamproscatella ( Neoscatella Scatella Scatella ( ScatellaScatella Scatella (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, cunctans Thricops (Zetterstedt, 1845) (Zetterstedt, longipes Thricops Scatella (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, stabulans Muscina Linnaeus 1758 equina Hippobosca Fabricius 1805 Fabricius longipennis Hippobosca (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, armipes Norellisoma 1780) levida (Harris, Muscina (Linnaeus, 1758) stercoraria Scathophaga 1794) (Fabricius, scalaris Fannia (Linnaeus, 1758) radicum Delia (Linnaeus, 1761) canicularis Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy, parva Egle 1798) (Panzer, vagans Hylemya The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 77 60 130 125 131 127 131 125 127 125 125 130 128 125 130, 145 126, 130 130, 131 127, 130 125, 129 125, 130 125, 130 125, 131 127, 130 130, 131 References 125, 129, 131 125, 145, 169 125, 131, 169 53, 57, 127, 130 102, 125, 129, 130 XI V-X V-X II-X VIII IV-X IV-X V-IX V-IX V-IX IV-X IV-X V-IX VI-X III-X VI-X IV-IX IV-IX IV-XI IV-XI IV-XI VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX V-VIII VI-VII VI-VIII Fenology e k h h h tp tp tp tp tp tp sk ho po po po hn wp wp pat hpt ppt wes hoes hoes wces eswa Areo- se, ? m graphical 400 1500 1500 1374 1500 1200 1500 600-1900 700-1700 400-2000 550-1960 900-1900 550-2300 400-2200 400-1200 550-1960 600-1500 590-1400 400-1400 400-1500 550-2000 550-1960 550-1960 500-1800 1200-2000 1500-2000 1200-1400 1800-2000 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 14 21 21 97 109 109 158 109 109 109 109 Table 3. Continued Table 66, 69 13, 21 97, 109 97, 109 97, 109 21, 109 21, 109, 14, 21, 97 39, 66, 111 39, 66, 111 39, 66, 111 14, 109, 111 118, 145, 146 14, 21, 39, 110 39, 66, 97, 111 39, 66, 109, 111 39, 66, 109, 111 Localities Rila of Taxa (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, nigrifrons Thricops (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, nigritellus Thricops (Stein, 1916) (Stein, Drymeia fasciculata (Harris, 1780) (Harris, ignava Hydrotaea 1823) (Fallen, irritans Hydrotaea (Linnaeus, 1758) meteorica Hydrotaea Meade, 1887 Meade, similis Hydrotaea Rondani, 1866 Rondani, tuberculata Hydrotaea Zetterstedt, 1849 Zetterstedt, intermedia Mesembrina (Linnaeus, 1758) meridiana Mesembrina (Fabricius, 1781) (Fabricius, lardarius Polietes De Geer, 1776 De Geer, autumnalis Musca Wahlberg, 1844 Wahlberg, resplendens Mesembrina Hennig, 1964 Hennig, amita Musca Linnaeus, 1758 domestica Musca 1817 Fallén, tempestiva Musca Meigen, 1826 Meigen, vitripennis Musca 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy, aenescens Morellia (Loew, 1857) (Loew, podagrica Morellia (Loew, 1857) (Loew, simplex Morellia (Fabricius, 1781) (Fabricius, cornicina Neomyia 1830 vivida Robineau-Desvoidy, Pyrellia Zimin, 1947 gussakovskii Dasyphora (Egger, 1865) (Egger, penicillata Dasyphora 1826) (Meigen, pratorum Dasyphora (Linnaeus, 1758) irritans Haematobia (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, angelicae Phaonia (Rondani 1866) (Rondani bitincta Phaonia 78 Zdravko Hubenov 62 145 131 130 130 131 130 127 131 125 130 131 130 +++ 98, 99 98, 99 127, 130 125, 130 126, 130 127, 130 127, 130 127, 130 127, 130 125, 130 127, 130 125, 130 References 126, 130, 231 V-X V-X V-X VIII VIII VIII V-IX V-IX IV-X IV-X V-IX V-XI IV-X V-IX IV-X II-XI VI-X VI- X IV-IX V-VII VI- IX V-VIII IV-VII VIII-IX VI-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e e e k h h h h h h h ha ho po ena ean ean wes hop hno esca ? wp Areo- h, ? ho po, ? poa po, ppt, ? hpt ppt, graphical dpo, ? wpo dpo, 400 900 1500 1374 1500 1500 1374 1500 1500 1500 1600 1600 600-1800 400-1500 400-2000 600-2000 1200-1400 1200-1400 1200-1400 1200-1400 1200-1900 1200-1400 1150-1500 1500-2000 1150-1300 1200-1400 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Parks Distribution 21 97 97 97 14 97 61 61 21 158 109 109 109 109 100 Table 3. Continued Table 21, 109 21, 109 21, 109 21, 109 21, 109 109, 158 109, 111 109, 111 109, 158 109, 158, 66, 97, 109 21, 109, 130, 137 Localities Rila of Taxa Calliphoridae / 14 (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, lugubris Phaonia (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, errans Phaonia (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, rufiventris Phaonia (Zetterstedt, 1845) (Zetterstedt, scutellata Phaonia (Meigen, 1826) serva (Meigen, Phaonia (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, annosa Helina (Zetterstedt, 1845) (Zetterstedt, ciliatocosta Helina (Fallén, 1825) (Fallén, depuncta Helina 1780) (Harris, evecta Helina (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, obscurata Helina Ringdahl, 1924 Ringdahl, latitarsis Helina 1866) (Rondani, montana Helina 1845) (Zetterstedt, pubiseta Helina 1780) (Harris, reversio Helina (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, corni Mydaea (Fabricius, 1781) (Fabricius, meditabunda Myospila (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, fumosa Hebecnema (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, umbratica Hebecnema 1823) (Fallén, vespertina Hebecnema (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, maculata Graphomya (Fallén, 1823) (Fallén, dispar Spilogona (Walker 1849) (Walker pandia Bellardia (Zetterstedt 1838) (Zetterstedt genarum Calliphora (Zetterstedt, 1845) (Zetterstedt, carbonella Spilogona (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, denigrata Spilogona Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy, vicina Calliphora (Linnaeus, 1758) vomitoria Calliphora The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 79 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 102 131 100 169 100 151 151 151 151 151 +++ 61, 98 61, 98 61, 98 98, 102 98, 102 98, 151 References 98, 102, 169 IX VII VII VII V-X VIII VIII VIII IV-X IV-X VI-X IV-XI III-XI VIII-X VIII-X VI-VII VIII-IX VIII-IX VIII-IX VIII-IX VIII-IX VI-VIII VI, VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII VII-VIII Fenology VI, VIII-IX e e e e k h h h h po hn cse des des ena ena ena ena hop hno wcp esca wpo hpta hom ewca se, m Areo- graphical 1500 1600 1200 1100 1100 1600 1150 1150 1600 630-700 630-700 400-1300 900-1100 550-2100 900-1600 900-1100 900-1100 900-1600 900-1200 900-1200 400-1600 1200-1400 1200-1800 1200-1600 1150-1600 1200-2200 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ● ●♦ Parks Distribution 97 21 61 61 109 135 135 135 135 135 135 111 138 109 111 138 Table 3. Continued Table 21, 61 14, 111 61, 135 21, 143 61, 111 61, 135 Slavovo 14, 21, 61 61, 111, 135 109, 111, 135 Localities Rila of 21, 23, 39, 111, 135, 140 Böttcher, 1913 Böttcher, (Böttcher, 1913) (Böttcher, Taxa Sarcophagidae / 24 (Linnaeus, 1758) caesar Lucilia Collin, 1926 richardsi Lucilia (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, sericata Lucilia (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, silvarum Lucilia (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, terraenovae Protophormia Portschinsky, 1881 Portschinsky, dasypoda Pollenia (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, rudis Pollenia 1928 Séguy, tenuiforceps Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy, viatica Pollenia (Loew, 1844) (Loew, cyanescens Rhyncomya (Meigen, 1824) grisea (Meigen, Pterella (Meigen, 1830) (Meigen, stictica Taxigramma (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, argyrocephala Metopia (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, campestris Metopia (Fallén, 1820) devia (Fallén, Brachicoma (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, muscaria Eurychaeta (Pandellé, 1896) (Pandellé, ) ungulata ( Blaesoxipha Blaesoxipha Villeneuve, 191 Villeneuve, ) rossica ( Servaisia Blaesoxipha 1860 Rondani, ) agnata ( Helicophagella Sarcophaga (Harris, 1780) (Harris, pernix Ravinia 1860 Rondani, ) noverca ( Helicophagella Sarcophaga Böttcher, 1912 Böttcher, ) rosellei ( Helicophagella Sarcophaga Walker, 1849 Walker, ) anaces ( Krameromyia Sarcophaga Bottcher, 1913 Bottcher, ) benaci ( Heteronychia Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826 Meigen, ) dissimilis ( Heteronychia Sarcophaga ) infantilis ( Heteronychia Sarcophaga ) porrecta ( Heteronychia Sarcophaga 80 Zdravko Hubenov 98 55 55 98 98 100 +++ +++ +++ 61, 98 61, 98 98, 99 98, 99 98, 99 98, 145 98; 151 36, 145 55, 102 87, +++ 98, +++ 98, +++ 98, +++ 145. 173 References VII V-X V-X VIII V-IX IV-X VI-X IV-IX V-VII V-VII IV-VI VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII IV-VII VIII-X VII-IX VII-IX V, VI-X V, VIII-IX VII-VIII VII- VIII Fenology e e h tp tp tp sk dp des des des ppt poa hop hop hop wcp po ? nmt hoes hoes Areo- pata, ? k pata, hata, ? k hata, graphical 400 400 400 440 1400 400-450 400-1400 360-1000 360-2350 360-1200 600-1250 450-1600 450-1000 450-1600 900-1000 1150-1600 1150-1600 1200-1800 1200-1400 1200-1600 1000-1100 1200-1400 1200-1400 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution

1 14 14 21 21 14 34 11 135 Table 3. Continued Table 14, 21 21, 61 10, 14 61, 111 21, 109 80, 106 14, 135, 116, 129 14, 61, 135 61, 111, 135 Localities Rila of 14, 29, 56, 129, 135 46, 61, 88, 111, 160 14, 21, 61, 88, 103, 135 13, 14, 59, 96, 100, 103, 118, 119, 129, 136, 140, 146 23, 55, 61, 97, 100, 108, 112, Taxa (Linnaeus, 1758) Tachinidae / 162 Tachinidae (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, Zetterstedt, 1838 Zetterstedt, ) caerulescens Rhinophoridae / 1 (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, Gasterophilidae / 3 Gasterophilidae ) larvarum ( Exorista ) mimula ( Adenia ) rustica ( Adenia Bezzi, 1891 ) schineri ( Heteronychia Sarcophaga (Wiedemann, 1824) (Wiedemann, ) africa ( Bercaea Sarcophaga (Rohdendorf, 1937) (Rohdendorf, ) jacobsoni ( Liosarcophaga Sarcophaga (Rohdendorf, 1937) (Rohdendorf, ) portschinskyi ( Liosarcophaga Sarcophaga Meigen, 1826 Meigen, ) vagans ( Heteronychia Sarcophaga Meigen, 182 Meigen, ) albiceps ( Parasarcophaga Sarcophaga Sarcophaga ( RobineauellaSarcophaga (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, umbratica Stevenia (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, intestinalis Gasterophilus (Linnaeus, 1758) haemorrhoidalis Gasterophilus (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, pecorum Gasterophilus Exorista (Rondani, 1859) (Rondani, majuscula Meigenia (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, mutabilis Meigenia Exorista Exorista (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, dorsalis Meigenia Rondani, 1859 Rondani, acuminata Chetogena Rondani, 1859 Rondani, filipalpis Chetogena 1863) (Robineau-Desvoidy, silvestris Parasetigena (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, assimilis Phorocera 1859) (Rondani, grandis Phorocera 1810) (Fallén, obscura Phorocera The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 81 99 98 98 98 98 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 98, 99 98, +++ 98, +++ 98, +++ 98, +++ 98, +++ References V-X V-X V-X V-X V-X V-X V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX IV-X V-IX V-VI IV-IX IV-IX V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII IV-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology V-IX, VIII V-IX, e h h tp tp sp ess des des hop wcp mca hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes wces wces wces tp, h* tp, e, bm e, Areo- tp, bm tp, hoes, h* ? hom, h* ? hom, graphical 900 1500 1400 1300 400-500 360-545 500-900 850-1150 400-1650 360-2360 500-1400 800-1900 500-1100 900-1300 900-2350 690-1000 600-1350 900-2000 1000-1200 1900-2200 1150-1400 1200-1500 1000-2000 1000-1300 1300-1600 2200-2370 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 14 55 34 61 115 135 115 Table 3. Continued Table 66, 96 96, 103 14, 135 13, 158 118, 140 110, 129 100, 110 140, 153 141, 158 136, 146 21, 61, 111 46, 100, 158 116, 128, 158 118, 135, 144 21, 46, 55, 104 13, 37, 116, 138 Localities Rila of 129, 135, 146, 159 55, 61, 97, 111, 135 46, 55, 110, 116, 158 21, 55, 97, 108, 118, 127, 46, 55, 61, 100, 111, 127, 21, 55, 97, 103, 116, 127, Taxa (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, ) gnava ) lucorum ( Carcelia ( Carcelia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, luctuosa Medina Stein, 1924 czernyi Stein, Steleoneura Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 & Bergenstamm, Brauer podomyia Admontia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, spectabilis Oswaldia (Rondani, 1861) (Rondani, antennata Erynniopsis 1810) (Fallén, nigripes Blondelia (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, quadripustulata Winthemia 1820) (Fallén, confinis Aplomya (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, concinnata Compsilura (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, amoena Smidtia 1824) (Meigen, succincta Epicampocera (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, Phryxe nemea (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, Phryxe vulgaris (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, scutellaris Periarchiclops (Walker, 1853) (Walker, nigrolineata Pseudoperichaeta (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, atropivora Drino 1830) (Meigen, inconspicua Drino 1849) (Zetterstedt, vicina Drino (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, mitis Eumea (Panzer, 1798) (Panzer, libatrix Zenillia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, pullata Clemelis (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, affinis Huebneria Carcelia Carcelia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, fimbriata Platymya 1844) (Zetterstedt, linearicornis Eumea 82 Zdravko Hubenov 98 86 145 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 98, 99 98, 99 87, +++ 98, +++ 98, +++ 98, +++ 86, +++ 86, +++ 173, +++ References 98, 99, +++ 98, 99, +++ 98, 99, 145, +++ 98, 99, 102, 170, +++ V-X V-X V-X V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX IX-X III-IX V-VII V-VII III-VI V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VII-IX VII-IX VI-VII VII-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e e tp po ho wp wp wp nm nm hop atm hop hop wcp wcp e, m e, hoes hoes hoes tp, h* tp, Areo- h, ? bm hoes, bm graphical 350-800 500-550 400-600 350-660 400-1350 900-1950 800-1400 900-1400 500-1400 400-1000 340-1900 900-1000 500-1900 800-1100 400-1000 350-1300 350-1900 300-1750 350-1300 1300-1600 1800-2000 1200-2300 1150-2250 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 61 109 110 135 129 Table 3. Continued Table 21, 135 14, 104 115, 140 158, 160 141, 144 21, 75, 158 16, 39, 110 14, 116, 158 14, 100, 129 126, 140, 158 14, 21, 37, 158 10, 14, 36, 110 14, 110, 138, 156 Localities Rila of 16, 55, 59, 110, 111 36, 59, 79, 106, 135 3, 21, 23, 108, 118, 136, 21, 38, 103, 108, 118, 120, 97, 111, 126, 137, 144, 153 4, 14, 21, 34, 61, 66, 73, 83, 21, 24, 36, 37, 65, 110, 111, 14, 22, 35, 41, 45, 53, 55, 66, 104, 109, 111, 127, 140, 144, 21, 55, 96, 111, 140, 142, 145 21, 74, 97, 103, 111, 140, 158 (Zetterstedt, 1844) (Zetterstedt, Taxa (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863) (Robineau-Desvoidy, Meigen, 1824 Meigen, (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, (Rondani, 1859) (Rondani, (Fabricius, 1781) (Fabricius, (Linnaeus, 1758) (Linnaeus, 1761) ) fera (Rondani, 1859) (Rondani, ) casta ) magnicornis ) nupta ) marklini ) grossa ( Nowickia ) atripalpis ( Fabriciella ( Eudoromyia ( Eudoromyia ( Eudoromyia ( Tachina ( Eudoromyia ( Servillia ) lurida ) praeceps ( Echinogaster (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, pavida Pales (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, pumicata Pales (Macquart, 1834) (Macquart, rubrifrons Ceromasia 1824) (Meigen, ferruginea Allophorocera 1850) (Macquart, pachystyla Allophorocera (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1848) (Robineau-Desvoidy, scutellaris Eurysthaea (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, bella Sturmia Tachina (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, pratensis Blepharipa 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, pavoniae Masicera (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, silvatica Masicera Tachina Tachina (De Geer, 1776) (De Geer, capitata Gonia (Egger, 1861) (Egger, nigricans Prosopea 1819 Wiedemann, bimaculata Gonia 1820) (Fallén, hebes Spallanzania Tachina Tachina Tachina Tachina Nowickia Nowickia The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 83 98 98 86 98 102 170 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 98, 99 98, +++ 98, +++ 102, +++ 102, +++ 145, +++ References 98, 99, +++ 98, 99, 170, +++ VI V-X V-X V-IX V-IX IV-V VI-X V-VII V-VII V-VII VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VII-IX VII-IX VI-VII IV-VIII VIII-IX VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VII-VIII Fenology e se tp tp tp ho po ess cse cse nm wes wes sess wcp mca ppta hoes hoes hoes hoes hoes hom hom msws Areo- hoes, bm wces, bm wces, graphical 900 400 400 1200 1350 400-900 600-700 500-700 350-500 900-1750 900-1700 600-1750 900-1300 550-1250 600-1400 600-1250 900-2300 350-1300 400-1600 400-2000 480-1450 400-1300 500-1900 700-1600 1500-1800 1300-1400 1000-1500 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 14 21 14 61 61 135 111 160 Table 3. Continued Table 16, 17 96, 142 14, 110 104, 158 16, 96, 97 61, 88, 112 39, 109, 111 14, 104, 100 6, 97, 138, 158 13, 59, 104, 156, 21, 111, 112, 100 97, 112, 144, 154, Localities Rila of 14, 16, 106, 129, 155 18, 39, 55, 68, 81, 111 22, 26, 55, 97, 144, 154 14, 21, 55, 61, 111, 144 103, 110, 111, 158, 160 14, 41, 132, 140, 145, 153 14, 55, 61, 104, 135, 141, 158 (Rondani, 1859) (Rondani, Taxa (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, (Giglio-Tos, 1890) (Giglio-Tos, Herting, 1963 Herting, (Rondani, 1859) (Rondani, ) frater (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, ) impudica (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, ) picta (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, ) haemorrhoidalis ) helvetica Pandellé, 1895 Pandellé, ) perinealis (Panzer, 1809) (Panzer, ) ferox ( Fabriciella ) rondanii ( Fabriciella (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, lucidus Hyalurgus (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, puparum Ernestia 1810) (Fallén, rudis Ernestia (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, caesia Eurithia (Scopoli, 1763) (Scopoli, temula Zophomyia aurata Chrysosomopsis (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Zetterstedt, gonioides Pseudopachystylum 1824) (Meigen, chalconota Macquartia 1820) (Fallén, dispar Macquartia grisea 1810) (Fallén, Macquartia Nowickia ( Ophina Linnaemya ( Homoeonychia Linnaemya (Rondani, 1856) (Rondani, Loewia brevifrons (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, praefica Macquartia 1824) (Meigen, tenebricosa Macquartia ( Bonellimyia Linnaemya ( Ophina Linnaemya ( Ophina Linnaemya ( Ophina Linnaemya (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, tessellum Macquartia (Stein, 1924) (Stein, abnormis Phytomyptera Nowickia (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, rubescens Peleteria 1835) (Macquart, ruficornis Peleteria (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, varia Peleteria ) comta ( Linnaemya Linnaemya 84 Zdravko Hubenov 98 98 98 98 86 170 172 172 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 98, +++ 98, +++ 98, +++ References 98, 99, +++ VII V-X V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-VI VI-X VI-X IV-IX IV-IX VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII Fenology e e h tp ess ess des wes wes wes wes wes mss spat wcp wcp wcp esca mca hoes hoes hoes hoes hom wces ? om Areo- graphical 900 400 400 400 1374 350-900 700-900 500-600 330-550 650-800 400-500 400-1000 550-1000 480-1150 600-2000 900-1100 600-1500 360-1450 460-1200 400-1200 500-1600 400-2550 400-1600 600-1100 1000-1200 1000-1600 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ● ● ● ● ● ●♦ Parks Distribution 14 14 14 17 14 110 158 Table 3. Continued Table 32, 83 14, 46 14, 135 14, 135 14, 135 55, 129 45, 129 78, 153 46, 156 13, 104 110, 156 110, 139 16, 59, 111 39, 66, 144 13, 59, 127 14, 22, 97, 135 33, 96, 110, 156 22, 106, 116, 158 Localities Rila of 14, 106, 109, 128, 158 21, 37, 55, 56, 60, 61, 66, Taxa (Zetterstedt, 1844) (Zetterstedt, infantula Actia (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851) (Robineau-Desvoidy, tibialis Peribaea 1805) (Fabricius, cristata Siphona Villeneuve, 1908 Villeneuve, latifrons Aphria (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, longirostris Aphria (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, plebejus Demoticus (Rondani, 1861) (Rondani, glirina Bithia (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, rufiventris Mintho Egger, 1860 Egger, europaea Microphthalma (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, crassicornis Actia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, modesta Bithia (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, aurea Leskia Meigen, 1824 Meigen, caerulescens Trixa (Harris, 1776) (Harris, conspersa Trixa (Rondani, 1862) (Rondani, fortis Billaea (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, ferina Dinera (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, carinifrons Dinera Villeneuve, 1907 Villeneuve, brunnescens Graphogaster (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, irrorata Billaea 1826) (Meigen, pectinata Billaea (Zetterstedt, 1844) (Zetterstedt, triangulifera Billaea Dinera grisescens1817) (Fallen, Dinera 1826) (Meigen, cristata Estheria 1866) (Bonsdorff, petiolata Estheria (Meigen, 1826) (Meigen, picta Estheria 1775) (Fabricius, Dexia rustica The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 85 98 98 98 172 172 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 98, +++ 98, +++ 98, +++ 98, +++ References V V-X V-X V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX VI-X VI-X VI-X IV-IX VI-IX V-VII VI-IX VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII IV-VII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII Fenology k tp tp tp tp tp tp tp tp tp ess wp wp wp des ppt nm wcp wcp mca hpta hoes hoes hom nmca Areo- se, ? nm graphical 400 400 400 600-700 400-900 400-800 400-900 400-670 500-1600 500-2000 400-1200 360-1000 350-1200 400-1800 670-1100 900-1000 800-1300 300-1150 500-1500 900-1000 800-1000 500-1200 1350-2350 1150-2300 1350-1475 1150-1200 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ● ● ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 14 14 55 13 14 135 111 156 100 Table 3. Continued Table 13, 14 13, 116 135, 141 100, 158 8, 55, 118 14, 13, 59 10, 58, 59 10, 14, 100 33, 28, 129 46, 96, 135 41, 106, 144 103, 111, 116 13, 14, 100, 111 14, 100, 135, 153 Localities Rila of 10, 11, 80, 111, 138 57, 66, 97, 111, 119, 124 14, 21, 61, 112, 145, 153 10, 13, 14, 59, 76, 81, 100, Taxa (Fabricius, 1775) (Fabricius, siberita Prosena (Egger, 1860) (Egger, Zeuxia brevicornis Meigen, 1826 Meigen, Zeuxia cinerea (Egger, 1856) (Egger, Zeuxia erythraea (Rondani, 1862) (Rondani, apenninus Eriothrix 1776) (De Geer, rufomaculatus Eriothrix (Fallén, 1820) (Fallén, spathulata Ramonda (Panzer, 1798) (Panzer, carbonaria Periscepsia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, trepida Athrycia (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, ruralis Voria (Meigen, 1838) (Meigen, iners Stomina (Fallén, 1810) (Fallén, nigrita Dufouria (Fabricius, 1805) (Fabricius, helluo Eliozeta 1820) (Fallén, pellucens Eliozeta 1798) (Panzer, continua Clytiomya 1794) (Fabricius, crassipennis Ectophasia (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, volvulus Phyllomya (Fabricius, 1794) (Fabricius, nigripes Thelaira Egger, 1856 Egger, aurea Halidaya 1862) (Rondani, caliendrata Stomina (Fallén, 1817) (Fallén, tachinoides Stomina (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, pedemontana Rhamphina (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Robineau-Desvoidy, oblonga Ectophasia 1947) (Rohdendorf, clavatum Gymnosoma (Panzer, 1800) (Panzer, costatum Gymnosoma Dupuis, 1961 Dupuis, dolycoridis Gymnosoma 86 Zdravko Hubenov 98 171 145 +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ 98, +++ 98, +++ 145, 171 171, +++ 171, +++ 171, +++ References 98, 99, +++ 98, 102, +++ 98, 102, 171, +++ V-X VIII V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX V-IX IV-X V-IX V-IX VI-X V-VII VI-IX V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII V-VIII VI-VIII VI-VIII Fenology e h tp tp tp tp tp tp tp dp des wes mss mss hop wcp wcp wcp esca mca hoes hoes Areo- graphical 400 400 900 1000 1300 450-600 500-700 480-900 380-1150 350-1600 350-1400 750-1500 400-1200 350-1100 400-1300 900-1300 400-1300 450-1200 350-1700 450-1000 400-1300 1200-1300 Vertical (m) Vertical ♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ ●♦ Parks Distribution 28 14 21 59 113 Table 3. Continued Table 11, 13 36, 58 14, 109 14, 158 13, 135 59, 158 153, 156 16, 59, 79 14, 81, 104 14, 36, 37, 103 10, 82, 111, 156 14, 96, 104, 116 14, 36, 55, 59, 97 Localities Rila of 111, 116, 129, 158 10, 37, 59, 106, 129 14, 36, 103, 116, 158 10, 14, 28, 46, 55, 97, 100, 10, 13, 33, 37, 87, 100, 104, 109, 111, 126, 153, 158, 160 14, 21, 45, 55, 103, 111, 126, Taxa (Olivier, 1812) (Olivier, ) bicolor (Fabricius, 1775) (Fabricius, ) brassicaria (Loew, 1844) (Loew, ) pilipes (Loew, 1844) (Loew, ) brevicornis (Loew, 1845) (Loew, ) crassa Meigen, 1824 Meigen, ) pusilla Zimin, 1966 inornatum Gymnosoma Meigen, 1824 Meigen, nitens Gymnosoma (Linnaeus, 1758) rotundatum Gymnosoma (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, lateralis Elomya 1824 Meigen, ) aurulans ( Phasia Phasia 1794) (Fabricius, ) hemiptera ( Phasia Phasia (Fabricius, 1798) (Fabricius, ) obesa ( Phasia Phasia (Linnaeus, 1767) ) subcoleoptrata ( Phasia Phasia Phasia ( Hyalomya Phasia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, aurifrons Dionaea (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, tetraptera Leucostoma (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, biguttata Clairvillia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, forcipata Labigastera Cylindromyia ( Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Cylindromyia ( Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Cylindromyia ( Cylindromyia Cylindromyia 1824) (Meigen, ( Ocypterula ) pusilla Cylindromyia Cylindromyia ( Cylindromyia Cylindromyia Cylindromyia ( Dupuisia Cylindromyia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, ) intermedia ( Calocyptera Cylindromyia (Meigen, 1824) (Meigen, funesta Phania (Loew, 1871) (Loew, anthophila Besseria The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 87 presented in the first two vegetation belts. Usually of distribution (Tables 3 and 4). Endemics are in- the scrutinised areographical complex is scantly pre- cluded in this group as well. The Mediterranean- sented and is not determinant for the zoogeographi- Central Asian species are also included here accord- cal characteristic of taxa of the Bulgarian terrestrial ing to Kryzhanovsky (1965) and Lopatin (1989) fauna. In a highly mobile forms (such as Diptera) who combine the Mediterranean and Central Asian the complex is better presented and can reach 20- subregions. The species with Mediterranean type of 25%. It is better presented in the Rila Mts. than the distribution are accepted in a general way and in- Pirin Mts. and includes 21.0% of Diptera. In the two- clude Submediterranean, Subiranian and Pontian winged insects significant numbers of synanthropic faunistic elements that could be considered sepa- and synbovil forms with cosmopolitan distribution rately as well (Gruev & Kusmanov 1994, 1999; occur. They have anthropogenic areas, structured Gruev 1995, 2000d). with the development of human civilisation (before The Eurosiberian species include 13 are- the beginning of contemporary research). ographical categories, of which the European (183 Species distributed only in the Palaearctic, species – 18.2%), Holoeurosiberian (82 species but in more than one subregion (Palaearctic type). – 8.2%), West Eurosiberian (42 species – 4.2%) Taxa, whose areas include more than one Palaearctic and Disjunct Eurosiberian (34 species – 3.4%) subregion in latitudinal direction, belong to this taxa are best represented. The ratio of these cat- group. They are well represented in the high mobile egories is different for the separate families (the groups and comprise about 25-30% of the species Holoeurosiberian, Disjunct Eurosiberian and composition. A total of 259 species (25.8%) from this European species of the family Tachinidae are al- group, combined into 18 zoogeographical categories, most equal in number as the Eurosiberian forms are has been established in the Rila Mts. (Table 4). Its 50% in total, while in other families the Central and character is determined by the Transpalaearctic (78 South European species are better represented). species – 7.8%), West Palaearctic (46 species – 4.6%) The number of taxa of these categories found in the and European-North African (35 species – 3.5%) separate vegetation belts varies from 1.0% to 18.7% species which are the most numerous. The corre- (one-138 species) and increases (as a percentage) lation of these categories remains the same in the with height up to 2200 m a.s.l. Most Eurosiberian separate vegetation belts of the Rila Mts. with small species (as a percentage) are found in the beech and deviations, and ranges from 1.6% to 12.2% (one to coniferous forest belts and the alpine zone as well. 61 species). The Holopalaearctic, West and Central In the subalpine and alpine belts the Eurosiberian Palaearctic and Eurosiberian-Central Asian species species predominate over the other zoogeographi- are well presented (18-23 species or 1.8-2.3%). Eight cal categories (40.4-44.2%). A number of disjunc- species have a longitudinal disjunction of the areas tive areas are presented: a longitudinal disjunction with regard to Siberia and Central Asia (Tables 3 for parts of Siberia and Central Asia (Tables 3 and and 4). Probably some of these species are presented 4) and a latitudinal disjunction with typical for the with sparse populations and will be studied in more Eurosiberian complex boreomontane, boreoalpine detail as a result of further studies. Most often a lati- and arctic-alpine distribution (Gorodkov, 1984; tudinal disjunction of the areas of this group lacks Josifov, 1988; Hubenov, 2015a). Of interest is the (Gorodkov, 1984; Josifov, 1988; Hubenov, 2015a). significant presence of Eurosiberian species in the A significant portion of the species with wide verti- first two vegetation belts of the Rila Mts., which can cal distribution (about 25%) - to this group. It in- be explained in two ways: 1) It is possible that a part cludes from 11.5% to 31.2% (three to 196 species) of of these species to have unclear Palaearctic distri- the species composition in the separate vegetation bution; 2) It is supposed that the humid mountain belts (Table 4). The vast areas and wide vertical dis- valleys characterised with cooler climate, have facil- tribution of the taxa of this group are an indication itated the migration of the above-mentioned forms of the greater ecological flexibility of its species. This to the lowlands. Finding of Eurosiberian boreomon- group is represented a little better in terms of rela- tane forms at low altitudes has also been reported for tive abundance in the Pirin Mts. where it comprises other insect groups as Heteroptera, Cerambycidae 27.5% of the dipterans. (Coleoptera) and Tachinidae (Diptera) by Josifov Species distributed within one subregion of (1963, 1976), Georgiev & Hubenov (2006), and the Palaearctic. This group (486 species – 48.5%) Hubenov (1992, 2008b). For Cerambycide this includes species with Eurosiberian (429 species – fact is due to the large deforestations of conifers in 42.8%) and Mediterranean (45 species – 4.5%) type the first two vegetation belts. Probably because of

88 Zdravko Hubenov Total number, % number, Total 6 (0.8) 3 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 5 (0.7) 3 (0.4) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 4 (0.5) 4 (0.5) 3 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1)

23 (3.1) 13 (1.7)

151 (20.3) Pirin Mts. Pirin 156 (21.0)

2400-2500 m a.s.l. m 2400-2500 Alpine vegetation – over over – vegetation Alpine

1 (3.8) 1 (3.8) 1 (3.8) 2 (7.7) 1 (3.8)

11 (42.3) 11 (42.3)

2000-2200 m to 2500 m a.s.l. m 2500 to m 2000-2200 Subalpine vegetation – from from – vegetation Subalpine

1 (1.0) 1 (1.0) 2 (2.0) 2 (2.0) 1 (1.0) 3 (3.0) 1 (1.0)

31 (31.3) 31 (31.3)

m a.s.l. m

1500-1600 m to 2000-2200 2000-2200 to m 1500-1600 Coniferous forests – from from – forests Coniferous

5 (1.8) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.7) 2 (0.7) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.7) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.7) 9 (3.2) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 9 (3.2) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4)

74 (26.7) 74 (26.7)

to 1500-1600 m a.s.l. m 1500-1600 to Beech forests - from 900-1000 900-1000 from - forests Beech 6 (0.8) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 4 (0.5) 2 (0.3) 6 (0.8) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.3) 3 (0.3) 3 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 5 (0.7) 2 (0.3) 7 (0.9) 1 (0.1)

23 (3.1) 26 (3.5)

196 (26.6) 196 (26.6)

700 m to 900-1000 m a.s.l. m 900-1000 to m 700 hornbeam forests – from 600- from – forests hornbeam

Vegetation belts of the Rila belts of Mts. Vegetation

xeromesophyllic oak- xeromesophyllic

Mesophyllic and and Mesophyllic 7 (2.0) 2 (0.6) 2 (0.6) 3 (0.8) 1 (0.3) 3 (0.8) 3 (0.8) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 2 (0.6) 2 (0.6) 1 (0.3) 3 (0.8) 2 (0.6) 2 (0.6) 12 (3.4) 12 (3.4)

90 (25.6) 92 (26.2)

to 500-700 m a.s.l. m 500-700 to Xerothermic oak forests – up up – forests oak Xerothermic

6 (2.3) 2 (0.8) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.8) 1 (0.4) 4 (1.6) 2 (0.8) 2 (0.8) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 3 (1.2) 2 (0.8) 1 (0.4)

10 (3.9) 11 (4.3) 76 (29.7) 79 (30.9) Total number, % number, Total 7 (0.7) 3 (0.3) 3 (0.3) 5 (0.5) 2 (0.2) 9 (0.9) 4 (0.4) 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 5 (0.5) 3 (0.3) 2 (0.2) 6 (0.6) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 31 (3.1) 29 (2.9) 10 (1.0) 255 (25.4) 258 (25.7) Zoogeographical characteristics of Diptera (Insecta) according to the vegetation belts of the Rila of Mts. belts the vegetation to (Insecta) according Diptera of 4. Zoogeographical characteristics Table Areographical categories Cosmopolitan (k) Cosmopolitan Semicosmopolitan (sk) Semicosmopolitan Holarctic-Paleotropical-Neotropical (hptn) Holarctic-Paleotropical-Neotropical Holarctic-Paleotropical-Australian (hpta) Holarctic-Paleotropical-Australian Holarctic-Paleotropical (hpt) Holarctic-Paleotropical Holarctic-Neotropical-Oriental (hno) Holarctic-Neotropical-Oriental Holarctic-Neotropical (hn) Holarctic-Neotropical Holarctic-Neotropical-Afrotropical (hnat) Holarctic-Neotropical-Afrotropical Holarctic-Afrotropical-Australian (hata) Holarctic-Afrotropical-Australian Holarctic-Afrotropical (hat) Holarctic-Afrotropical Holarctic-Oriental-Australian (hoa) Holarctic-Oriental-Australian Holarctic-Oriental (ho) Holarctic-Oriental Holarctic-Australian (ha) Holarctic-Australian Palaearctic-Paleotropical-Australian (ppta) Palaearctic-Paleotropical-Australian Palaearctic-Oriental-Australian (poa) Palaearctic-Oriental-Australian (ppt) Palaearctic-Paleotropical Palaearctic-Afrotropical-Australian (pata) Palaearctic-Afrotropical-Australian Palaearctic-Afrotropical (pat) Palaearctic-Afrotropical Palaearctic-Oriental (po) Palaearctic-Oriental Palaearctic-Australian (pa) Palaearctic-Australian West Palaearctic-Oriental (wpo) Palaearctic-Oriental West Disjunct Palaearctic-Oriental (dpo) Palaearctic-Oriental Disjunct type North Species distributed in Palaearctic and out of it it of out and in Palaearctic Species distributed

The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 89 Total number, % number, Total 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 8 (1.1) 2 (0.3) 5 (0.7)

72 (9.7) 19 (2.6) 58 (7.8) 24 (3.2) 26 (3.5) 13 (1.7) 26 (3.5)

586 (79.0) 204 (27.5) Pirin Mts. Pirin

2400-2500 m a.s.l. m 2400-2500 Alpine vegetation – over over – vegetation Alpine

1 (3.8) 1 (3.8) 1 (3.8)

5 (19.2) 3 (11.5) 15 (57.7)

2000-2200 m to 2500 m a.s.l. m 2500 to m 2000-2200 Subalpine vegetation – from from – vegetation Subalpine

8 (8.1) 2 (2.0) 6 (6.1) 1 (1.0) 3 (3.0) 1 (1.0) 1 (1.0)

20 (20.2) 68 (68.7) 24 (24.2)

m a.s.l. m

1500-1600 m to 2000-2200 2000-2200 to m 1500-1600 Coniferous forests – from from – forests Coniferous 7 (2.5) 6 (2.2) 1 (0.4) 5 (1.8) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4)

21 (7.6) 16 (5.8) 12 (4.3)

34 (12.3) 75 (27.1) 203 (73.3)

to 1500-1600 m a.s.l. m 1500-1600 to Beech forests - from 900-1000 900-1000 from - forests Beech 4 (0.5) 3 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1)

17 (2.3) 61 (8.3) 18 (2.4) 35 (4.7) 27 (3.7) 13 (1.8)

94 (12.8) 540 (73.4) 196 (26.6)

700 m to 900-1000 m a.s.l. m 900-1000 to m 700 hornbeam forests – from 600- from – forests hornbeam

Vegetation belts of the Rila belts of Mts. Vegetation

xeromesophyllic oak- xeromesophyllic Mesophyllic and and Mesophyllic 1 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 2 (0.6) 1 (0.3) 8 (2.3) 5 (1.4) 2 (0.6)

31 (8.8) 13 (3.7) 11 (3.1) 14 (4.0)

43 (12.2) 259 (73.8) 103 (29.3)

to 500-700 m a.s.l. m 500-700 to Xerothermic oak forests – up up – forests oak Xerothermic 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 4 (1.6) 4 (1.6) 3 (1.2) 1 (0.4) 3 (1.2)

Table 3. Continued Table 25 (9.8) 10 (3.9) 11 (4.3) 14 (5.5)

30 (11.7) 80 (31.2) 177 (69.1) Total number, % number, Total 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 8 (0.8) 3 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.3) 18 (1.8) 78 (7.8) 23 (2.3) 46 (4.6) 35 (3.5) 22 (2.2) 124 (12.4) 745 (74.3) 259 (25.8) Areographical categories West Palaearctic-Afrotropical (wpat) Palaearctic-Afrotropical West Holarctic (h) Holarctic South Palaearctic-Paleotropical-Australian (sppta) Palaearctic-Paleotropical-Australian South (spat) Palaearctic-Afrotropical South Paleotropical-Mediterranean (ptm) Paleotropical-Mediterranean (atm) Afrotropical-Mediterranean Oriental-Mediterranean (om) Oriental-Mediterranean Holopalaearctic (hop) Holopalaearctic Transpalaearctic (tp) Transpalaearctic West and Central Palaearctic (wcp) Central Palaearctic and West West Palaearctic (wp) Palaearctic West Disjunct Palaearctic (dp) Palaearctic Disjunct South Palaearctic (sp) Palaearctic South European-Anatolian-North African (eanna) European-Anatolian-North African (ena) European-North Eurosiberian-Central Asian (esca) Asian Eurosiberian-Central Eurosiberian-Anatolian-Central Asian (esanca) Asian Eurosiberian-Anatolian-Central (wesanca) Asian Eurosiberian-Anatolian-Central West (wesca) Asian Eurosiberian-Central West uranian (wesit) Т uranian Eurosiberian-Iran- West South type Palaearctic type Palaearctic Species distribution with Palaearctic

90 Zdravko Hubenov Total number, % number, Total 3 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 5 (0.7) 6 (0.8) 8 (1.1) 3 (0.4) 4 (0.5) 3 (0.4) 6 (0.8) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1)

50 (6.7) 29 (3.9) 27 (3.6) 39 (5.2) 11 (1.5) 18 (2.4) 41 (5.5)

141 (19.0) 328 (44.2) Pirin Mts. Pirin

2400-2500 m a.s.l. m 2400-2500 Alpine vegetation – over over – vegetation Alpine

2 (7.7) 1 (3.8) 2 (7.7) 1 (3.8) 1 (3.8)

4 (15.4) 11 (42.3)

2000-2200 m to 2500 m a.s.l. m 2500 to m 2000-2200 Subalpine vegetation – from from – vegetation Subalpine

1 (1.0) 1 (1.0) 6 (6.1) 1 (1.0) 2 (2.0) 1 (1.0) 2 (2.0) 2 (2.0) 1 (1.0) 1 (1.0) 4 (4.0) 2 (2.0) 2 (2.0)

18 (18.2) 40 (40.4)

m a.s.l. m

1500-1600 m to 2000-2200 2000-2200 to m 1500-1600 Coniferous forests – from from – forests Coniferous 1 (0.4) 3 (1.1) 1 (0.4) 7 (2.5) 8 (2.9) 1 (0.4) 3 (1.1) 4 (1.4) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 9 (3.2) 3 (1.1) 6 (2.2)

24 (8.7) 11 (4.0)

47 (17.0) 119 (43.0)

to 1500-1600 m a.s.l. m 1500-1600 to Beech forests - from 900-1000 900-1000 from - forests Beech 1 (0.1) 4 (0.5) 2 (0.3) 7 (0.9) 2 (0.3) 5 (0.7) 5 (0.7) 2 (0.3) 5 (0.7) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 6 (0.8) 1 (0.1)

60 (8.1) 21 (2.8) 31 (4.2) 22 (3.0) 18 (2.4) 23 (3.1)

138 (18.7) 315 (42.8)

700 m to 900-1000 m a.s.l. m 900-1000 to m 700 hornbeam forests – from 600- from – forests hornbeam

Vegetation belts of the Rila belts of Mts. Vegetation

xeromesophyllic oak- xeromesophyllic Mesophyllic and and Mesophyllic 1 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 3 (0.8) 1 (0.3) 4 (1.1) 2 (0.6) 1 (0.3) 4 (1.1) 1 (0.3) 2 (0.6) 2 (0.6)

27 (7.7) 10 (2.8) 14 (4.0) 14 (4.0) 17 (4.8)

60 (17.1) 139 (39.6)

to 500-700 m a.s.l. m 500-700 to Xerothermic oak forests – up up – forests oak Xerothermic

1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 5 (1.9) 8 (3.1) 7 (2.7) 4 (1.6) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.8) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.8) 1 (0.4) Table 3. Continued Table 16 (6.2)

19 (7.4) 32 (12.5) 78 (30.5) Total number, % number, Total 2 (0.2) 4 (0.4) 4 (0.4) 8 (0.8) 3 (0.3) 6 (0.6) 5 (0.5) 2 (0.2) 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 82 (8.2) 27 (2.7) 42 (4.2) 34 (3.4) 10 (1.0) 25 (2.5) 10 (1.0) 45 (4.5) 183 (18.2) 429 (42.8) Areographical categories European-Central Asian (eca) Asian European-Central East European-Central Asian (eeca) Asian East European-Central (ewca) Central Asian European-West European-South-West Asian (eswa) Asian European-South-West uranian (eit) Т uranian European-Iran- European-Turanian (et) European-Turanian Holoeurosiberian (hoes) Holoeurosiberian West and Central Eurosiberian (wces) Central Eurosiberian and West West Eurosiberian (wes) Eurosiberian West Disjunct Eurosiberian (des) Eurosiberian Disjunct European and South Siberian (ess) Siberian South and European European-Anatolian (ean) European-Anatolian Central and South European-Anatolian (csean) European-Anatolian South Central and European (e) European Central and East European (cee) East European Central and Central and South-East European-Anatolian (cseean) South-East European-Anatolian Central and (cse) European South Central and Central and South-East European-Lebanonian (cseel) South-East European-Lebanonian Central and Central and South-East European (csee) South-East European Central and Mediterranean and South Siberian (mss) Siberian South and Mediterranean Mediterranean and South-West Siberian (msws) Siberian South-West and Mediterranean Eurosiberian type Eurosiberian Mediterranean type Mediterranean

The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 91 Total number, % number, Total 742 6 (0.8) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 3 (0.4) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 4 (0.5) 3 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 4 (0.5) 6 (0.8) 2 (0.3)

10 (1.3) 13 (1.7)

Pirin Mts. Pirin

2400-2500 m a.s.l. m 2400-2500 Alpine vegetation – over over – vegetation Alpine

1 (3.8) 1 (3.8) 26 (2.6)

2000-2200 m to 2500 m a.s.l. m 2500 to m 2000-2200 Subalpine vegetation – from from – vegetation Subalpine

1 (1.0) 1 (1.0) 1 (1.0) 1 (1.0) 2 (2.0) 99 (9.9)

m a.s.l. m

1500-1600 m to 2000-2200 2000-2200 to m 1500-1600 Coniferous forests – from from – forests Coniferous 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.7) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 3 (1.1)

277 (27.6)

to 1500-1600 m a.s.l. m 1500-1600 to Beech forests - from 900-1000 900-1000 from - forests Beech 1(0.1) 3 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.3) 2 (0.3) 5 (0.7) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.1) 5 (0.7) 6 (0.8)

736 (73.4)

700 m to 900-1000 m a.s.l. m 900-1000 to m 700 hornbeam forests – from 600- from – forests hornbeam

Vegetation belts of the Rila belts of Mts. Vegetation

xeromesophyllic oak- xeromesophyllic Mesophyllic and and Mesophyllic 3 (0.8) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 5 (1.4) 1 (0.3) 1 (0.3) 2 (0.6)

351 (35.0)

to 500-700 m a.s.l. m 500-700 to Xerothermic oak forests – up up – forests oak Xerothermic 4 (1.6) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) 4 (1.6) 4 (1.6) 2 (0.8) 1 (0.4)

Table 3. Continued Table

256 (25.5) Total number, % number, Total 1003 6 (0.6) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 8 (0.8) 6 (0.6) 7 (0.7) 1 (0.1) 3 (0.3) 2 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 7 (0.7) 2 (0.2) 12 (1.2) Total Areographical categories Mediterranean-Central Asian (mca) Asian Mediterranean-Central North Мediterranean-Central Asian (nmca) Asian Мediterranean-Central North (mwca) Central Asian Mediterranean-West (nemit) Т uranian Mediterranean-Iran- Northeast (mt) Mediterranean-Turanian (nmt) Т uranian Мediterranean- North South European and South Siberian (sess) Siberian South and European South uranian (cseit) Т uranian European-Iran- South Central and (cseeit) Т uranian South-East European-Iran- Central and African (csena) European-North South Central and South European-North African (sena) European-North South (hom) Holomediterranean North Mediterranean (nm) Mediterranean North South European (se) European South South-East European (see) South-East European (ban) Balkan-Anatolian East Mediterranean (em) East Mediterranean Balkan (Ebs) subendemic Balkan (Eb) endemic (Ebg) endemic Bulgarian Regional endemic (Er) endemic Regional Endemics 92 Zdravko Hubenov this reason, many boreomontane and montane spe- these endemic species are postglacial neoendemics cies that feed on conifers go down below 1000 m which areto be connected with the Eurosiberian a.s.l. There are no significant differences between forms. Local endemics have not been established the Rila and Pirin Mountains with respect to the among Diptera of the Rila Mts. The dipterans are rare Eurosiberian species. This group includes 44.2% of and are mostly newly described taxa (one species in the species composition of the Pirin Mts. 1930, one – in 1940 and all the others after 1970). Of The Mediterranean species, combined into 16 interest is the finding and describing of Cremifania zoogeographical categories, are presented mainly in bulgarica Papp, 2010 (family Cremifaniidae, report- the first three vegetation belts and their number rap- ed from 2250 m a.s.l. – the third Palaearctic species idly decreases with altitude. Because of the big vari- of the family). ety of these areas, this group is divided into many subgroups with different origin, distribution and Conclusions ecological peculiarities of the taxa. This complex- ity contributes to establishing of various zoogeo- A total of 1003 two-winged species that belong graphical classifications for Bulgaria (Josifov, 1981, to 58 families have been reported from the Rila Mts. 1986, 1988, 1999; Gruev 1988, 1995, 2000a, 2000b, The dipterous fauna can be divided into two main 2000c, 2000d, 2002; Heiss & Josifov, 1990, Gruev groups: 1) species with Mediterranean type of dis- & Kusmanov 1994, Hubenov 1996, 2008a; Po p ov, tribution (48 species or 4.8%): more thermophilic 2002). The Mediterranean species, established in one and distributed mainly in the southern parts of the or two vegetation belts, prevail (Table 3). A signifi- Palaearctic. Three species of the southern type, dis- cant percentage of these species and their relatively tributed in the Palaearctic and beyond it, can be scarce populations are due to the lower ecological formally related to this group, as well; 2) species flexibility of the Mediterranean forms in compari- with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribu- son with the previous ones. The Mediterranean spe- tion (955 species or 95.2%): more cold-resistant and cies include from 2.0 to 7.4% (two to 23 species) widely distributed in the Palaearctic. Two hundred of Diptera of the separate vegetation belts in the fifty-five species of northern type, distributed in the Rila Mts. (Table 4). The Holomediterranean (eight Palaearctic and beyond it, can be formally related to species – 0.8%) and South European (seven spe- this group as well. The zoogeographical character of cies – 0.7%) species are the most numerous. In the the Tachinidae fauna is determined by the second subalpine belt two Mediterranean species are es- group. The share of the two groups is different in the tablished (Prosimulium petrosum Rubtsov – South- separate vegetation belts (Table 4). East European species of the family Simuliidae and Xerothermic oak forests (256 species or 25.5%). Sarcophaga porrecta Böttcher – South European From the species with Mediterranean type of distribu- species of the family Sarcophagidae). This could be tion (22 species or 8.6%) the Mediterranean-Central Montane Mediterranean forms or species with un- Asian, Holomediterranean and North Mediterranean clear distribution. Mediterranean species have not species are most numerous, and from the species been found in the alpine belt. When comparing with with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution the Pirin Mts., there is a slightly higher percentage (234 species or 91.4%) the Holarctic, Transpalaearctic (5.5%) of the Mediterranean taxa which is related and European species are best represented. Endemic to the specific natural conditions and geographical forms have not been established yet. location of this mountain. There are no significant Mesophyllic and xeromesophyllic mixed differences in the distribution of the separate are- forests (351 species or 35.0%). From the species ographical categories in the Mediterranean species with Mediterranean type of distribution (19 spe- of the two mountains. cies or 5.4%) the Mediterranean-Central Asian and Endemics. This category includes taxa, which Holomediterranean species prevail, and from the are not distributed outside the Balkan Peninsula. The species with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of percentage of endemism is low in Diptera (12 spe- distribution (332 species – 94.6%) the Holarctic, cies – 1.2%). The Bulgarian endemic forms prevail. Transpalaearctic, Holoeurosiberian and European Endemic forms have not been established in the first species are best represented. The number of the two vegetation belts of the Rila Mts., in contrast to Holarctic-Oriental, Holarctic, Transpalaearctic, the Pirin Mts. The main part of the Rila endemic spe- European-North African, Holoeurosiberian, West and cies is related to the beech, coniferous and subalpine Central Eurosiberian, West Eurosiberian, Disjunct belts (two-six species or 0.8-2.0%). This suggests that Eurosiberian, and European species is increased. The The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 93 percentage of the Mediterranean species decreases. Holoeurosiberian and European species prevail. Of Endemic forms have not been reported yet. the areographical categories, 28 are not presented. Beech forests (736 species or 73.4%). From The Cosmopolitan, Holarctic-Oriental, Palaearctic- the species with Mediterranean type of distri- Oriental, West Palaearctic, European-North bution (23 species or 3.1%) the Mediterranean- African, and Disjunct Eurosiberian species are bet- Central Asian, Holomediterranean, and South ter represented. The number of the endemics and European species are most numerous, and from Mediterranean forms decreases. the species with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian Subalpine vegetation (99 species or 9.9%). type of distribution (713 species – 96.9%) the Two species with Mediterranean type of distribu- Holarctic, Transpalaearctic, Holoeurosiberian, and tion (South European and South-East European spe- European species are best represented. The spe- cies) have been established. From the species with cies of southern type distributed in the Palaearctic Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution (31 and beyond it are not presented. The number of the areographical categories) the Holarctic and European Holarctic-Oriental, Palaearctic-Oriental, Holarctic, species are most numerous. This part of the Rila Mts. Transpalaearctic, West Palaearctic, European- is poorly explored and with the exception of some North African, Holoeurosiberian, West and Central families, the studies are fragmentary. Eurosiberian, West Eurosiberian, and European spe- Alpine vegetation (26 species or 2.6%). Only cies is increased. Endemic forms have been found. species with Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of The Bulgarian endemics prevail. The percentage of distribution, belonging to 16 areographical cat- the Mediterranean forms decreases. egories, have been established. The Holarctic (five Coniferous forests (277 species or 27.6%). species) and European (four species) taxa are most From the species with Mediterranean type of distri- numerous. The remaining categories are presented bution (six species or 2.2%) the South European spe- with one-two species each. One Bulgarian endemic cies are most numerous, and from the species with (Molophilus lautereri Stary of the family Limoniidae) Palaearctic and Eurosiberian type of distribution (271 is recorded. Studies of this part of the Rila Mts. are species or 97.8%) the Holarctic, Transpalaearctic, almost lacking.

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Received: 04.11.????????

The authors’ address:

Zdravko Hubenov, National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd. 1, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria, e-mail: [email protected] The Dipterans (Insecta: Diptera) of the Rila Mountains 99 Двукрилите насекоми (Insecta: Diptera) на Рила

Здравко Хубенов

(Резюме) На Рила са установени 1003 вида двукрили, които спадат към 58 семейства. Най-многобройни са Tachinidae (162 вида – 16.1%) и Syrphidae (149 вида – 14.8%). Най-много видове са намерени в пояса на буковите гори (736 вида – 73.4%). Установените видове принадлежат към 84 ареалографски категории. В зоогеографско отношение се очертават 2 основни групи: 1) видове с медитерански тип на разпространение (48 вида – 4.8%) – по-топлолюбиви и разпространени предимно в южните части на Палеарктика, към които формално са прибавени и 3 вида от южен тип, разпространени и извън Палеарктика; 2) видове с палеарктичен и евросибирски тип на разпространение (955 вида – 95.2%) – по-студенолюбиви и по-широко разпространени в Палеарктика, към които са отнeсени и 255 вида от северен тип, разпространени и извън Палеарктика. От първата група най-много са холомедите- ранските (8 вида – 0.8%) и южноевропейските (7 вида – 0.7%) форми. От втората група преобладават европейски (183 вида – 18.2%), холарктични (124 вида – 12.4%), холоевросибирски (82 вида – 8.2%) и транспалеарктични (78 вида – 7.8%) таксони. Ендемичните видове са 12 (1.2%). Зоогеографският характер на фауната се определя от втората група. Представено е разпределението на отделните ка- тегории в растителните пояси на Рила.