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Information About Robustness, Reliability and Safety in Early Design Phases Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 06, 2021 Information about robustness, reliability and safety in early design phases Marini, Vinicius Kaster Publication date: 2013 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Marini, V. K. (2013). Information about robustness, reliability and safety in early design phases. DTU Management Engineering. DTU Management Engineering. PhD thesis No. 5.2013 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Information about robustness, reliability and safety in early design phases PhD thesis 5.2013 DTU Management Engineering Vinicius Kaster Marini May 2013 iii I. Fact sheet Thesis written by Vinicius Kaster Marini Research work supervised by Saeema Ahmed-Kristensen Professor at the Division of Technology and Innovation Management Affiliated to the Department of Management Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark Research work co-supervised by Igor Kozine Senior researcher at the Division of Technology and Innovation Management Affiliated to the Department of Management Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark Frank Markert Senior researcher at the Division of Technology and Innovation Management Affiliated to the Department of Management Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark Research work hosted by the Department of Management Engineering at the Technical University of Denmark Research work sponsored by the CAPES Foundation Agency of the Ministry of Education in the Government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. II. Abstract II.1. English This thesis is motivated by the need for support in considerations of robustness, reliability and safety during early design phases. The thesis deals with the question of how to codify and communicate failures and hazards, and devises measures against these. Current methods to robustness, reliability and safety reviewed have shortcomings including the complexity of using them and dependence on expert input for mitigating uncertainty and ambiguity among solution alternatives. This research is carried out using case studies: a pilot case to assess information requirements from reliability methods, and an industrial case to assess how the use of information about robustness, reliability and safety as practised by current methods influences concept development. Current methods cannot be used in early design phases due to their dependence on detailed design information for the identification of attributes of robustness, reliability and safety. The uncertainty and ambiguity that are inherent to concept development impede the evaluation and improvement of attributes of robustness, reliability and safety in early design. A taxonomy was therefore developed to assess the information about these attributes that current methods require, and to address the need for clarity about design issues that result in risks. The concept development phase fosters ambiguity on how to satisfy requirements of robustness, reliability and safety, which is exacerbated by complexity in the individual solution alternatives. This prompts designers to reuse working principles that are inherently flawed, as they are liable to disturbances, failures and hazards. To address this issue, an approach based upon individual records of early design issues consists of comparing failures and benefits from prior working principles, before making a decision, and improving the more suitable alternatives through this feedback. Workshops were conducted with design practitioners to evaluate the potential of the approach and to simulate decision-making and gain feedback on a proof-of-concept basis. The evaluation has demonstrated that the use of individual records on failures and benefits of solution alternatives successfully averted the repeated use of flawed working principles and identified the effective design solutions of the outstanding issues. Keywords: Design for X, knowledge management, codification, use of information vi II.2. Dansk Denne afhandling er motiveret af behovet for støtte, når man arbejder med oplysninger om produkters robusthed, pålidelighed og sikkerhed i tidlige designfaser. Afhandlingen beskæftiger sig med spørgsmålet om, hvordan man kan kodificere og kommunikere usikkerhed, fejl og farer, og udtænke foranstaltninger imod disse. De nuværende metoder til at bedømme produkters robusthed, pålidelighed og sikkerhed har mange mangler. Det er bl.a. meget kompliceret at bruge disse metoder, og metoderne er afhængige af input fra eksperter for at reducere usikkerhed og uklarhed blandt løsningsalternativerne. Dette forskningsprojekt udføres ved anvendelse af case studier: en pilot case med det formål at vurdere oplysningskravene fra pålidelighedsmetoder, og en industriel sag for at vurdere, hvordan brugen af oplysninger om robusthed, pålidelighed og sikkerhed, som det praktiseres med de nuværende metoder, påvirker konceptudvikling. De nuværende metoder kan ikke bruges i de tidlige designfaser på grund af deres afhængighed af detaljeret design information til identifikation af robusthed, pålidelighed og sikkerhed. Den usikkerhed og flertydighed, som er en naturlig del af begrebet udvikling, hæmmer evaluering og forbedring af robusthed, pålidelighed og sikkerhed i den tidlige designfase. En specifik taksonomi blev derfor udviklet til at vurdere, hvilke oplysninger om disse egenskaber de nuværende metoder kræver med henblik på at imødekomme behovet for klarhed omkring designløsninger, som skaber risici under konceptudvikling. Udformningen af en række løsningsalternativer i konceptudviklingen fremmer flertydighed med hensyn til, hvordan man tilfredsstiller kravene til robusthed, pålidelighed og sikkerhed, som forværres af kompleksitet i individuelle løsningsalternativer. Dette foranlediger designere til gentagne gange at bruge mangelfulde arbejdsprincipper, der medfører usikkerhed, fejl og risici. For at løse dette problem, består en approach baseret på individuelle opgørelser over tidlige design spørgsmål i at sammenligne fejl og fordele blandt tidligere arbejdsprincipper, inden der træffes en beslutning, og forbedre de mere passende alternativer ved hjælp af denne sammenligning. Der blev afholdt workshops med produktudviklere til at vurdere potentialet af denne approach og til at simulere beslutningsprocessen og derved få feedback på en proof-of-concept basis. Evalueringen har vist, at brugen af individuelle registreringer af fejl og fordele ved løsningsalternativerne forhindrede den gentagne brug af mangelfulde arbejdsprincipper og identificerede effektive designløsninger på udestående udfordringer. Nøgleord: Design for X, vidensdeling, kodificering, brug af information vii II.3. Português A necessidade de suporte às considerações de robustez, confiabilidade e segurança motiva o trabalho apresentado nesta tese. Este projeto desenvolve a codificação e a comunicação de falhas e perigos no projeto de sistemas mecânicos, e propõe medidas para melhorar esses processos. Os métodos atuais para robustez, confiabilidade e segurança aqui revisados têm desempenho insuficiente para mitigar a incerteza e a ambiguidade entre alternativas de solução, por conta da complexidade de seu uso e de sua dependência de conhecimento especializado. Esta pesquisa é executada mediante estudos de caso: um caso piloto para availar os requisitos de informação dos métodos de confiabilidade, e um caso na indústria para estudar como o uso de informação sobre robustez, confiabilidade e segurança em métodos atuais da prática projetual influencia a fase de projeto conceitual. Os métodos atuais aqui availados não são adaptados para o uso em fases precoces de projeto porque dependem de informações detalhadas de projeto para a identificação de atributos de robustez, confiabilidade e segurança nas soluções em desenvolvimento. A incerteza e a ambiguidade inerentes ao projeto conceitual impedem a availação e o melhoramento de atributos de robustez, confiabilidade e segurança. Foi desenvolvida neste trabalho uma taxonomia, para avaliar os requisitos dos métodos atuais em informação sobre estes atributos, e para responder à necessidade de clareza sobre problemas de projeto que resultam em riscos. A fase de projeto conceitual cria ambiguidade em formas de satisfazer requisitos robustez, confiabilidade e segurança, o que piora com a complexidade de projeto das alternativas de solução individuais. Isto leva projetistas a reutilizar princípios de solução que são inerentemente falhos, porque são sensíveis à ocorrência de perturbações, falhas e perigos. Para trabalhar este problema, uma abordagem baseada em registros individuais de problemas de concepções consiste na comparação de falhas e benefícios de princípios de solução já desenvolvidos, antes de tomar uma decisão, e no melhoramento das alternativas de solução melhor ajustadas aos
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