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Burnt Hill Chapter 1 Burnt Hill Wind Energy Project Technical Description and Environmental Studies Vestas 500kW July 2015 Planning Report Burnt Hill Wind Energy Project July 2015 Burnt Hill Wind Energy Project Technical Description and Environmental Studies Report OSE/3581 July 2015 Vestas 500kW Variation Applicant: Peter Stewart Burnthill Thrumster Wick KW1 5TR Project Design and Planning: Richard Gauld IEng MInstMC BSc(Hons) Dip. GeoSci Dip. DesInn Orkney Sustainable Energy Ltd 6 North End Road Stromness Orkney KW16 3AG Telephone 01856 850054 Facsimile 01856 851239 Email [email protected] Richard Gauld is a Professional Design Engineer registered with The Engineering Council of Great Britain and The Institute of Measurement and Control. OSE/3581 2 Planning Report Burnt Hill Wind Energy Project July 2015 Burnt Hill Wind Energy Project Report OSE/3581 Technical Description and Environmental Studies This report is presented in two volumes; Volume 1 contains the project description, and has appendices encompassing landscape and visual assessment, ecology assessment, archaeology and theoretical noise and shadow flicker impact. Volume 2 contains the Site Drawings, Maps and Photomontage Images. Volume 1: Planning Report; Project Description and Environmental Impact Appendix A; Landscape and Visual Impact Appendix B; Ecology Appendix C; Scheduled Monuments Appendix D; Noise and Shadow Impact Volume 2: Site Drawings, Maps and Photomontage Images OSE/3581 3 Planning Report Burnt Hill Wind Energy Project July 2015 Summary It is proposed that a single 500kW wind turbine will be installed on rough grazing land at Burnthill, east of the A99 near Wick. Following guidance from Highland Council, this project has been revised to ensure a maximum tip height of 50m, and the turbine identified for the development is likely to be the Vestas V39 500. The electricity generated will be traded to meet the requirements of the Renewables Order (Scotland) 2002. The proposal for a locally owned renewable energy development with local benefit opportunities was initiated by the farming landowner, and as a result of the various studies, the project has been designed around a single moderate scaled wind turbine to give a maximum output of 500 kW, with the project designed to be appropriate for the setting. Visual impact studies have been completed, and it is felt that the turbine presents a simple, clear relationship to the surrounding landscapes, and has largely moderate impacts upon neighbours to the site. Ecological impacts have been assessed, including a habitat survey, a mammal survey, a breeding bird survey, and an assessment of any protected species near the site. A desktop assessment on the archaeology of the site and surrounding area has also been completed and other studies include geological and hydrogeological surveys, description of the wind turbine, and mapping, analysis and photomontage modelling of the development. A moderate-scaled wind energy project is feasible for this part of Caithness, with low impacts upon the local ecology and the surrounding environment. Good social and economic benefits can be achieved by constructing the Burnt Hill project, along with the associated climate change benefits resulting from renewable energy production. This project has been designed to provide a commercially viable wind energy development, with excellent local economic benefits. Constructing the Burnt Hill wind energy site gives a positive message on the importance of renewable energy to this part of the Highlands, demonstrating the benefits of local ownership of renewable energy in Caithness, particularly important during a time of national financial constraint. OSE/3581 4 Planning Report Burnt Hill Wind Energy Project July 2015 SUMMARY 4 1 INTRODUCTION 6 2 DEVELOPMENT DESCRIPTION 8 2.1 PROPOSED LOCATION 8 2.2 WIND ASSESSMENT 8 2.3 CARBON EMISSION AVOIDANCE 9 2.4 DETERMINING THE LOCATION 10 2.5 PROJECT DESIGN STATEMENT 10 2.6 WIND TURBINE SELECTION 11 2.7 TRANSPORTATION 11 2.8 ROADS AND FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION SUMMARY 12 2.9 WIND TURBINE CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME 12 2.10 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 13 2.11 DECOMMISSIONING AND RECYCLING 13 3 ECONOMIC AND PLANNING ISSUES 14 3.1 LOCAL OWNERSHIP OF RENEWABLE ENERGY 14 3.2 FARM DIVERSIFICATION AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT 14 3.3 NATIONAL PLANNING CONTEXT 15 3.4 HIGHLAND COUNCIL STRUCTURE PLAN 16 3.5 RENEWABLE ENERGY STRATEGY AND SUPPLEMENTARY GUIDANCE 17 3.6 CAITHNESS LOCAL PLAN 18 3.7 SOCIO -ECONOMIC BENEFITS 19 4 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 20 4.1 VISUAL IMPACT UPON THE LANDSCAPE 20 4.2 ECOLOGY 23 4.3 POTENTIAL DISTURBANCE TO ARCHAEOLOGY 25 4.4 IMPACT UPON GEOLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL FEATURES 28 4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION 28 4.6 POLLUTION IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS 29 4.7 POTENTIAL DISTURBANCE FROM NOISE 30 4.8 POTENTIAL DISTURBANCE FROM SHADOW FLICKER 31 4.9 POTENTIAL RADIOCOMMUNICATIONS INTERFERENCE 31 5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND PROPOSED MITIGATION 32 5.1 VISUAL IMPACT MITIGATION 32 5.2 ECOLOGICAL IMPACT MITIGATION 32 5.3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT MITIGATION 33 5.4 POLLUTION AVOIDANCE 33 5.5 MITIGATION OF NOISE DISTURBANCE AND SHADOW FLICKER NUISANCE 34 5.6 CONSTRUCTION AND TRANSPORTATION IMPACT MITIGATION 34 6 CONCLUSIONS 35 7 REFERENCES AND SELECTED GUIDANCE 36 OSE/3581 5 Planning Report Burnt Hill Wind Energy Project July 2015 1 Introduction The Highlands of Scotland have become an important area for renewable energy development, with a significant amount of hydroelectric schemes in place and a number of wind energy projects proposed and constructed in the area, primarily as large scale windfarms on hilltop and moorland locations. The Burnt Hill project is an alternative to this pattern of development, and has been designed as a single locally-owned wind turbine which has avoided remote and natural landscapes. Figure 1 shows the location of the turbine. Environmental, planning and social impact studies have been completed, with the site landowner leading the development. The Burnt Hill project has been designed around the Vestas 500kW wind turbine, however the actual turbine model may alter nearer the time of construction; the site layout and all modelling has used the Vestas V39 to demonstrate maximum impact. The nearest electricity transmission line is located at Thrumster, to the west of the development site, with underground cabling proposed throughout. The wind speed on the Burnt Hill site is predicted to be around 8 metres per second (ms -1), compared with 9 ms -1 predicted at more exposed sites; the Burnt Hill area is a Class 2 location with moderately high winds. Based on the manufacturer’s predictions, a 500kW wind turbine at Burnt Hill will produce around 2,000 MWh of electricity per annum, equivalent to the annual electricity requirements of 400 households. Electricity produced from renewable resources avoids the emission of pollution, and the production of 2,000 MWh is projected to avert the production of around 850 tonnes of CO 2 per annum (Carbon Trust). When considering the number of people living around the site, the Burnt Hill project provides a good contribution towards the Scottish Government annual targets, per head of population: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Environment/Climate-Change/ . This report is a description of the project and potential environmental impacts, with appendices covering landscape and visual impact assessment, ecology, archaeology and noise and shadow effects. Volume 2 of the report contains plans, maps, wireframe images and photomontages. OSE/3581 6 Planning Report Burnt Hill Wind Energy Project July 2015 Burnt Hill Reproduced from Ordnance Survey Data, Crown Copyright Reserved. License No. 0100031673 Figure 1; Project location OSE/3581 7 Planning Report Burnt Hill Wind Energy Project July 2015 2 Development description This part of the report identifies the site for the wind turbine development and the activities involved in the delivery and construction at Thrumster. The assessment includes planning constraints and a description of the site. The aspects considered include site design, transport constraints, installation of the wind turbine, operation and maintenance of the project and eventual decommissioning of the project. 2.1 Proposed location The site for the development is rough grazing adjoining a small pocket of plantation forestry and an area of moorland at Thrumster, roughly 5km south of Wick, Figure 1. The project consists of a single moderate scale turbine that will have a maximum tower height of 31m with a blade 19m long. The grid references are as listed below, Table 2.1, with a note of the base elevation and maximum height above sea level, including wind turbine blade tip height. There will be a requirement for an external switchgear housing located at the farm. The sets of overhead wires travelling through the area are mainly 11kV, with a higher voltage system running south of Wick to the west. The site switchgear house will be designed to resemble an agricultural building appropriate for the farm. Turbine Easting Northing Ground Tower top Maximum height elevation elevation Burnt Hill E334890 N944740 58m 89m 108m Table 2.1 Turbine location and heights 2.2 Wind assessment Preliminary wind assessment has been conducted, and it is unlikely that a more extended wind monitoring programme will be necessary; Caithness has an excellent technical resource with significant wind energy deployment across the county. Turbine manufacturers require wind analysis to ensure that their product will operate correctly in the location, and wind measurement can sometimes be necessary in determining the appropriate classification of the wind turbine. For the purposes of this study the national wind speed database suggests an average windspeed of 8ms -1 at a 40m hub height. At this windspeed a 500kW wind turbine will produce an annual energy yield of approximately 2000 MWh. OSE/3581 8 Planning Report Burnt Hill Wind Energy Project July 2015 When considering the classification of wind turbines, this site appears to be a Class 2 location, requiring machines that have been built to cope with moderate to high windspeeds, with relatively shorter towers than those supporting turbines positioned on lower and less windy sites.
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