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Caithness County Council RECORDS’ IDENTITY STATEMENT Reference number: CC Alternative reference number: Title: Caithness County Council Dates of creation: 1720-1975 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 10 bays of shelving Format: Mainly paper RECORDS’ CONTEXT Name of creators: Caithness County Council Administrative history: 1889-1930 County Councils were established under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. They assumed the powers of the Commissioners of Supply, and of Parochial Boards, excluding those in Burghs, under the Public Health Acts. The County Councils also assumed the powers of the County Road Trusts, and as a consequence were obliged to appoint County Road Boards. Powers of the former Police Committees of the Commissioners were transferred to Standing Joint Committees, composed of County Councillors, Commissioners and the Sheriff of the county. They acted as the police committee of the counties - the executive bodies for the administration of police. The Act thus entrusted to the new County Councils most existing local government functions outwith the burghs except the poor law, education, mental health and licensing. Each county was divided into districts administered by a District Committee of County Councillors. Funded directly by the County Councils, the District Committees were responsible for roads, housing, water supply and public health. Nucleus: The Nuclear and Caithness Archive 1 Provision was also made for the creation of Special Districts to be responsible for the provision of services including water supply, drainage, lighting and scavenging. 1930-1975 The Local Government Act (Scotland) 1929 abolished the District Committees and Parish Councils and transferred their powers and duties to the County Councils and District Councils (see CC/6). 1975-date County Councils were abolished in 1975 and replaced in the Highlands by a two-tier system: the Highland Regional Council and eight district councils. (Caithness was served by the Caithness District Council.) Finally, in 1996 this system was in turn abolished and replaced by the single, unitary Highland Council. Education The Education (Scotland) Act 1872 transferred the powers and duties of the heritors and ministers of each parish relating to education to School Boards, elected by ratepayers, for every Parish and Burgh (see CC/5/4). The Education (Scotland) Act 1918 abolished School Boards and replaced them with elected Education Authorities, on a county basis, vesting in them the management of education, as bodies corporate (see CC/5/1). In addition, the Act provided for the appointment of School Management Committees, representative of the Authority, parents and teachers. Necessary funds were channelled from rating income to the Committees via the Parish Councils (see CC/5/5). Their responsibilities were largely confined to the enforcement of attendance. The Education Authorities were abolished by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 and replaced by Education Committees, appointed by County or Town Councils and comprising at least a majority of Council members, together with a specified number of people experienced in education (see CC/5/8). In 1947 the School Management Committees were Nucleus: The Nuclear and Caithness Archive 2 replaced by Sub-committees of the Education Committee. Poor Law The Poor Law (Scotland) Act 1845 established parochial boards in rural parishes and in towns to administer poor relief (see CC/7). In 1894 they were abolished and replaced by wholly elected parish councils, but with their functions practically unchanged. Parish Councils were in turn abolished in 1930 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929, and their functions transferred to county councils and large burghs, acting through Departments of Public Assistance (or Public Welfare). In 1948 the existing poor law was entirely abolished and almost all of it replaced by a national system, the forerunner of the modern 'social security' (National Insurance Act 1948). Poorhouses Although the 1845 Act allowed parishes to operate poorhouses, it did not require them to do so as was the case in England and Wales. Adjacent Scottish parishes could also join together to form "Combinations" and operate Combination poorhouses. There were two in Caithness: the Latheron Combination Poorhouse, built c.1854 for the parishes of Latheron and Wick (see CC/7/5/9); and Thurso Combination, built c.1854-6 for the 8 parishes of Bower, Canisbay, Dunnet, Halkirk, Olrig, Reay, Thurso and Watten (see CC/7/8/9). In addition, a locally administered parochial poorhouse or almshouse was operated by the parish of Dunnet from at least the early 1870s. Custodial history: RECORDS’ CONTENT Description: Appraisal: Accruals: RECORDS’ CONDITION OF ACCESS AND USE Nucleus: The Nuclear and Caithness Archive 3 Access: Available in archive searchroom Closed until: Access conditions: Open but subject to Data Protection restrictions – 100 years in many instances Copying: Standard copyright restrictions apply Finding aids: ALLIED MATERIALS Related material: P920 Publication: Notes: Date of catalogue: 8 July 2013 Nucleus: The Nuclear and Caithness Archive 4 CC/1 Commissioners of Supply 1720-1929 Commissioners of Supply were local administrative bodies in Scotland from 1667 to 1930. From 1718 they became responsible, along with justices of the peace, for county roads and bridges, and in 1832 they were charged with raising "rogue money" for the keeping of the peace. By the Police (Scotland) Act 1857 they were required to establish a county police force in all areas outside police burghs from 1858. In 1890 virtually all of the powers and duties of the commissioners passed to the newly created county councils. The commissioners continued to exist, however, meeting once a year to elect a convener and to appoint members to the Joint Standing Committee that was responsible for the county constabulary. Commissioners of Supply were finally abolished in 1930 by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929. CC/1/1 Minutes 1720-1929 CC/1/1/1 Minute book [1 volume] 1720-1799 CC/1/1/2 Minute book [1 volume] 1800-1818 CC/1/1/3 Minute book [1 volume] 1819-1928 CC/1/1/4 Minute book [1 volume] 1829-1837 CC/1/1/5 Minute book [1 volume] 1818-1843 CC/1/1/6 Minute book [1 volume] 1844-1873 CC/1/1/7 Minute book [1 volume] 1873-1929 CC1/2 Roll of Commissioners of Supply 1857-1929 CC/1/2/1 Roll of Commissioners of Supply [1 volume] 1857-1929 CC/1/3 Valuations 1666-1928 CC/1/3/1 Valuation of the Shire of Caithness, 1666-1798; 1666-1798, List and Scheme of Division of the Unredeemed Land 1881, 1928 Tax of the County of Caithness, 1881-1882; Statement showing the amount of the old valued rental and land tax relative to the Lands and Barony of Hempriggs, 1928 [1 volume] [Transcript available 1666-1798: see P671/3/6] Nucleus: The Nuclear and Caithness Archive 5 CC/1/4 Committees 1857-1890 CC/1/4/1 Finance Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1864-1890 CC/1/4/2 Police Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1857-1885 CC/2 Highway Authorities 1815-1915 CC/2/1 Minutes 1815-1915 CC/2/1/1 Road Trustees Minute Book [1 volume] 1815-1826 CC/2/1/2 Road Trustees Minute Book [1 volume] 1845-1860 CC/2/1/3 Caithness Road Trust Minute Book [1 volume] 1860-1882 CC/2/1/4 Caithness Road Trust Minute Book [1 volume] 1882-1891 CC/2/1/5 Caithness Roads Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1891-1899 CC/2/1/6 Caithness Roads Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1899-1908 CC/2/1/7 Caithness Roads Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1906-1915 CC/2/2 Committees 1901-1913 CC/2/2/1 Finance Committee of Caithness Roads Committee 1901-1913 Minute Book [1 volume] CC/3 County Council Clerk’s Department 1833-1975 CC/3/1 Council and Committee Minutes 1890-1975 CC/3/1/1 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1890-1898 CC/3/1/2 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1898-1907 CC/3/1/3 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1907-1915 CC/3/1/4 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1913-1919 CC/3/1/5 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1919-1922 CC/3/1/6 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1922-1925 CC/3/1/7 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1925-1928 CC/3/1/8 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1928-1930 CC/3/1/9 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1930-1933 Nucleus: The Nuclear and Caithness Archive 6 CC/3/1/10 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1933-1936 CC/3/1/11 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1936-1939 CC/3/1/12 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1939-1942 CC/3/1/13 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1942-1945 CC/3/1/14 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1945-1949 CC/3/1/15 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1949-1952 CC/3/1/16 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1952-1955 CC/3/1/17 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1955-1958 CC/3/1/18 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1958-1960 CC/3/1/19 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] 1960-1961 CC/3/1/20 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] Jan-Jun 1962 CC/3/1/21 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] Jul-Sep 1962 CC/3/1/22 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] Jan-Jun 1963 CC/3/1/23 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] Jul-Dec 1963 CC/3/1/24 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] Jan-Jun 1964 CC/3/1/25 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] Jul-Dec 1964 CC/3/1/26 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] Jan-Jun 1965 CC/3/1/27 Council and Committee Minute Book [1 volume] Jul-Dec 1965 CC/3/1/28 Council and Committee Minute Book
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