Institute of Sport and Recreation Management Amateur Swimming Association the Management of All Pools Where This Survey Took Place

Acknowledgements

HNI acknowledges the important support offered by the following organisations:

Institute of Sport and Recreation Management Amateur Swimming Association The management of all pools where this survey took place

Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of the Business of Swimming, 2004 rests with HNI International. The contents of this report are for the sole use of the addressee. The copying or distribution of this file is strictly forbidden without the prior written permission of HNI International Ltd or in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Disclaimer

Every effort has been made to ensure accuracy but HNI cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions due to difficulties in reaching verification in some data. It is therefore important that this report is an aid to making business decisions but that it should not be the only aid for reaching a decision.

Published By

HNI International, Rookery Farm, Oakhill, Bath, BA3 5HY (Tel. 01749 841632, Fax 01749 841633, ISDN 01749 841631, e.mail, [email protected]

ISBN No 0-9544422-1-0

Business of Swimming-______Page 1

Business of Swimming-______Page 2

Report Contents (Continued) Page

10.1 Admission prices to regular pools 80 10.2 Admission prices to leisure pools 99 10.3 Instruction and teaching charges 101 10.4 Charges for ancillary activities 112 10.5 Club and group hire charges 114 10.6 Case study of a typical pool 125

11. Free swimming initiatives 126 11.1 Free junior swimming in Wales 126 11.2 Glasgow’s Juvenile Free Swim Initiative 126 11.3 East London’s ‘Kids Go Free’ Scheme 127

12. Swimming and the General Household Survey, 2002 128

13. Press coverage of swimming 131

14. Review of aquarobics 132

15. National Swimathon 134

16. Water safety 135 16.1 Accidental drowning 135 16.2 Britain compared to the rest of Europe 136

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List of Tables

Table No Subject

1 UK swimwear manufacturer sales in £- Knitted or crocheted textiles 2 UK swimwear manufacturer sales in £- Non-knitted 3 UK swimwear manufacturer sales by volume- Knitted or crocheted textiles 4 UK swimwear manufacturer sales by volume- Non-knitted 5 Breakdown of swimmers by gender, 2002 and 2004 6 Breakdown of pool users by age group, 2002 and 2004 7 Ethnic composition of swimmers, 2002 and 2004 8 Current employment 9 Type of pool user 10 Distribution of swimmers surveyed by government region 11 Motivation for pool attendance, 2002 and 2004 12 Number of times swum, 2002 and 2004 13 Number of times attended pool, 2002 and 2004 14 Days when swim normally takes place, 2002 and 2004 15 Time of day preferred for swim, 2002 and 2004 16 Reason for swimming at chosen pool, 2002 and 2004 17 Number of pools used per week, 2002 and 2004 18 Types of pool preferred by consumers, 2002 and 2004 19 Types of pool where swims take place, 2002 and 2004 20 Average spend at pool, 2002 and 2004 21 Cost of pool entrance for consumers, 2002 and 2004 22 Consumer attitudes to cost of pool entrance, 2002 and 2004 23 Typical health club swimming costs, 2002 and 2004 24 Length of time spent at pool, 2002 and 2004 25 Average distance swum by consumers, 2002 and 2004 26 Size of swimming group, 2002 and 2004 27 Club membership by leisure swimmers, 2002 and 2004 28 Facilities used at pools by consumers, 2002 and 2004 29 Health related facilities used at pools by consumers, 2002 and 2004 30 Living distance from pool, 2004 31 Transport used to get to pool, 2004 32 Time taken to get to pool, 2004 33 Venue travelled from to pool, 2004 34 Daily papers read by swimming consumers, 2002 and 2004 35 Sunday papers read by swimming consumers, 2002 and 2004 36 Television stations watched by swimming consumers, 2002 and 2004 37 Consumer awareness of swimming press reports, 2002 and 2004 38 Consumer attitudes to swimming pool offerings, 2002 and 2004 39 Swimwear purchases by leisure swimmer, 2002 and 2004 40 Swimming learning by consumers, 2002 and 2004 41 Purchasing of swimming badges, 2002 and 2004 42 Purchasing of swimming badges by relative, 2002 and 2004 43 Other sports participated in by swimming consumers, 2002 and 2004 44 Attitudes to value for money, 2002 and 2004

Business of Swimming-______Page 4

List of Tables (Continued)

45 Estimated numbers of pools per head of population 46 Average number of children taking part in weekly swimming lessons 47 Average number of parent and children taking part in weekly lessons 48 Average number of adults taking part in weekly swimming lessons 49 Average number of children’s swimming teaching classes per week 50 Average number of parent and child teaching classes per week 51 Average number of adult teaching classes per week 52 Average amount of time devoted to swimming lessons 53 Pool attendance comparison, 1992 and 1993 54 Random sample of regular/standard pool attendances, 2000-3 55 Random sample of leisure pool attendances, 2000-3 56 Average length of daily pool opening 57 Average pool opening and closing times 58 Examination of club use of pools 59 Examination of employment of swimming lanes 60 Average pool time allocation for activities other than swimming 61 Examination of pool staffing levels 62 Accessibility of pool by public transport 63 Examination of main areas of business growth within pools 64 Examination of main barriers to business growth in pools 65 School swimming attendances in Pendle 66 Relationship between number of school pools and pupils by LEA 67 School Top-Up Pilot Scheme results in Bristol 68 School Top-Up Pilot Scheme results in Durham 69 Pools designated under ASA National Strategy for Pools, 2003 70 Performance pools designated under ASA National Strategy for Pools, 2003 71 ASA National Strategic Targets 72 Most and least expensive adult admission charges in regular pools, 2001-3 73 Most and least expensive junior admission charges in regular pools, 2001-3 74 Changes in average regular pool entry charges, 2001-4 75 Changes in average leisure pool entry charges, 2001-4 76 Pool entry charges by local authority, adults and junior, 2001-4 77 Pool entry charges by local authority, senior citizens, 2001-4 78 Most and least expensive adult admission charges in leisure pools, 2001-4 79 Most and least expensive junior admission charges in leisure pools, 2001-4 80 Charges for instruction, adult and junior, 2001-4

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List of Tables (Continued)

81 Most and least expensive adult instruction charges, 2001-4 82 Most and least expensive junior instruction charges, 2001-4 83 Changes in average instruction charges, 2001-4 84 Charges for saunas, 2001-4 85 Charges for sun beds, 2001-4 86 Most and least expensive club hire charges, 2001-4 87 Club hire charges by local authority type, 2001-4 88 Charges for club bookings 89 Diagnostics of Littlehampton Swimming Pool 90 General Household Survey, 2002, participation rates 91 General Household Survey, 2002, participation rates by sex 92 General Household Survey, 2002, participation rates by age and sex 93 General Household Survey, 2002, participation rates by years 94 General Household Survey, 2002, participation rates by socio-economic classification 95 General Household Survey, 2002, participation rates by Government region 96 Press coverage of swimming, 2002-3 97 Accidental drownings in the UK, 2001 98 Accidental drownings in the EU in 2002

(Front cover photo: the Olympic Pool, Barcelona, home to both the 1992 Olympic swimming competition and the 2003 World Swimming Championships)

Business of Swimming-______Page 6

1. Explanation of the Research

The Business of Swimming 2004 reports on two years of research into swimming pool users. The main part of the research looks at 1,734 customers of swimming pools in England, Scotland and Wales. Unlike the Business of Swimming 2002, this year’s survey includes three private as well as a wide range of public pools.

The methodology was achieved through a supervised survey. Swimming pool customers were asked on a random basis to complete the survey form. Pools were selected so as to give a distribution that covered all government regions. Each survey period amounted to three hours. For example, if the survey took place on a morning, afternoon or evening when there was low traffic in that pool, the survey still ended after that period.

The survey included spectators as well as pool users so as to reflect pool users in total. The survey took place in the period between December 2003 and March 2004. HNI’s survey in 2002 of 1701 pool users is used throughout as a point of comparison although neither group are weighted samples nor does the 2002 Survey include Scotland and Wales. Some of the ensuing tables will show percentages adding to 99 or 101% due to rounding.

The second part of this year’s research focuses on the pool operator. Some 85 pool managers responded in detail, helping to complete a picture of pools in Britain to date.

This year’s research from pools themselves is supported by HNI’s own analysis of swimming pools in England, Scotland and Wales.

The final area examines prices in pools over the last three years. The list is not exhaustive and is based on figures of publicly advertised admission prices provided to the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy over the last three years. These form part of their annual report, ‘Leisure Charges’. In some places, where CIPFA has not obtained prices charged, HNI has provided these from its own market intelligence.

Some local authorities have provided figures but they have proved difficult to standardise. A typical example of this is the practice of charging differential rates for people who live inside and outside of the local population in which a pool is situated. There are also many more standard or regular pools than leisure pools. Every effort has been made to be as accurate as possible with these figures but this accuracy is dependent on both the quality of the original information provided and the collation process. Readers are therefore advised to use these figures as a guide.

Free swimming for junior swimming is being provided by pool operators but this tends to be in holiday periods and not throughout the year.

The reduction of school swimming is having a considerable impact on pools up and down the country. In this report, we also summarise the outcomes of the DfES/ASA Top-Up Pilot Schemes in 2003.

The survey of pool users was carried out at the list of pools over page in the order listed:

Business of Swimming-______Page 7

Venue Town Public/Private Bishopsworth Swimming Pool Bristol Public Henbury Swimming Pool Bristol Public Magnum Leisure Centre Irvine Public Castlemilk Pool Glasgow Public Carluke Recreation Centre Carluke Public Coventry Sports Centre Coventry Public Abbey Fields Pool Kenilworth Public Hutton Moor Leisure Centre Weston-super-Mare Public Wyndley Leisure Centre Birmingham Public Carlton Forum Leisure Centre Carlton, Nottingham Public Small Heath Leisure Centre Birmingham Public Everton Park Pool Liverpool Public Crown Pools Ipswich Public St James's Swimming Pool King's Lynn Public Leeds International Pool Leeds Public Kirkstall Leisure Centre Leeds Public Halifax Swimming Pool Halifax Public Wyre Forest Glades Leisure Centre Kidderminster Public Malvern Splash Leisure Pool Malvern Public Dolphin Centre Bromsgrove Public Barry Leisure Centre Barry Public Penarth Leisure Centre Penarth Public Llanishen Leisure Centre Cardiff Public University of Hertfordshire Hatfield Private Southbury Leisure Centre, Enfield London Public Pendle Leisure Centre Colne Public West Craven Sports Centre Barnoldswick Public Pendle Wavelengths Nelson Public Reading Central Pool Reading Public Coral Reef, Bracknell's Water World Bracknell Public Temple Cowley Swimming Pools Oxford Public Andover Leisure Centre Andover Public Rapids Romsey Public Blackshotts Leisure Centre Grays Public Huntingdon Leisure Centre Huntingdon Public Waterworld Newquay Public Polykth Recreation Centre St Austell Public Victoria Park Leisure Centre Ilkeston Public West Park Leisure Centre Long Eaton Public Oasis Leisure Centre Swindon Public Brentford Fountain Leisure Centre Brentford Public Feltham AirParcs Leisure Centre Feltham Public The Pools Swimming & Health Centre Carlisle Public Spennymoor Leisure Centre Spennymoor Public Birtley Swimming Pool Chester-le-Street Public Tynemouth Swimming Pool North Shields Public Whitley Bay Leisure Pool North Shields Public David Lloyds Health Club Southampton Private David Lloyds Health Club Ringwood Private

Business of Swimming-______Page 8

2. Market size

2.1 Swimming market

The main pattern is one of diversification in swimming. Although private swimming pools have been in existence since the early 1800’s, they are now much more prevalent than in the past. The 1846 Public Baths and Wash-houses Act encouraged local authorities to build swimming pools in order to promote hygiene in Victorian Britain. The result was a virtual monopoly of swimming provision in the public sector.

By the 1970’s, the swimming pool market had matured and segmentation has since taken place which has meant that there are now many more leisure club and hotel pools being built. The likelihood is that the leisure club market will continue to increase pool build within that sector at the rate of increase of 5% over the next 2 to 3 years.

Similarly, many hotels now provide their own pools and this trend is set to increase as smaller hotel groups look to add value to their offering through the provision of leisure facilities. Many of the larger hotel groups already provide swimming facilities for their guests.

In 2003, HNI estimated the total market to be in the region of £532 million. This figure will continue to grow by approximately 2% to £543 million by 2006 as the more expensive private health club and hotel swimming sector continues to impact on the ‘flatter’ public sector; and when rises in entry costs in private pools and income from the swimwear and accessories sector is taken into account. Government finance is likely to contribute to this figure as more support becomes available for swimming health, fitness and safety initiatives.

2.2 Swimwear market

The Swimwear Market is the second largest sector in the swimming industry. Women’s swimwear, both for competitive and leisure swimmers, continues to be more important to swimwear companies. Whereas most men are happy to have one costume which they wear for all occasions, women can purchase three to four costumes to cover different swimming occasions such as being on holiday, sun bathing and fitness swimming. Tables 1 and 2 shows UK exports to the EC for women being two to three times as great as those for men:

Table 1: UK Manufacturer Sales-Knitted or Crocheted Textiles Male Swimwear-Value £000's Female Swimwear-Value £000's 4th Q 1st Q 2nd Q 3rd Q 4th Q 4th Q 1st Q 2nd Q 3rd Q 4th Q Quarter 2002 2003 2003 2003 2004 2002 2003 2003 2003 2004 UK Manufacturer Sales 973 1,075 523 51 Exports to EC 376 526 2,300 1,314 1,325 728 2,042 7,512 3,664 2,501 Imports from EC 159 551 649 254 170 1,426 5,946 6,060 2,787 2,255 Net Balance -217 25 -1551 1,060 -1155 698 3,904 -1452 -877 -246 Non EC Exports 559 1,721 473 467 427 429 1,278 1,543 664 685 Non EC Imports 1,863 2,694 1,998 937 2,685 8,925 18,473 18,413 4,148 11,409 Net Balance 1,304 973 1,525 470 2,258 8,496 17,195 16,870 3,484 10,724 Total Exports 935 2,247 2,773 1,781 1,752 1,157 3,320 9,055 4,328 3,186 Total Imports 2,022 3,245 2,647 1,191 2,855 10,351 24,419 24,473 6,935 13,664 Net Balance 1,087 998 -126 -590 1,103 9,194 21,099 15,418 2,607 10,478 UK Net Supply 1,087 998 -126 -590 1,103 10,167 16,493 3,130 10,529 Source: National Statistics © Crown Copyright 2004

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Table 2:

UK Manufacturer Sales-Non-knitted or Crocheted Textiles Male Swimwear-Value £000's Female Swimwear-Value £000's 4th Q 1st Q 2nd Q 3rd Q 4th Q 4th Q 1st Q 2nd Q 3rd Q 4th Q Quarter 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 UK Manufacturer Sales 20 26 28 25 26 1,153 3474 4,477 1,918 842 Exports to EC 172 405 660 327 60 233 1,345 884 294 199 Imports from EC 172 449 843 214 228 146 1,407 1,522 476 241 Net Balance - 44 183 -113 168 -87 62 638 182 42 Non EC Exports 116 162 322 246 81 44 168 224 130 239 Non EC Imports 335 1,586 1,896 286 405 1,528 2,828 3,517 763 1,239 Net Balance 219 1,424 1,574 40 324 1,484 2,660 3,293 633 1,000 Total Exports 288 567 982 573 141 277 1,513 1,108 424 438 Total Imports 507 2,035 2,739 500 633 1,674 4,235 5,039 1,239 1,480 Net Balance 219 1,468 1,757 -73 492 1,397 2,722 3,931 815 1,042 UK Net Supply 239 1,494 1,785 -48 518 2,550 6,196 8,408 2,733 1,884 Source: National Statistics © Crown Copyright 2004

Tables 3 and 4 express the sales in terms of volumes:

Table 3

UK Manufacturer Sales-Knitted or Crocheted Textiles Male Swimwear-Volume(no of items) Female Swimwear-Volume(no of items) 2nd Q 4th Q 2nd Q 3rd Q 4th Q Quarter 4th Q 2002 1st Q 2003 2003 3rd Q 2003 4th Q 2003 2002 1st Q 2003 2003 2003 2003 UK Manufacturer Sales 973 1,075 523 51 Exports to EC 35,552 108,253 180,681 21,538 51,392 728 2,042 7,512 3,664 2,501 Imports from EC 29,172 91,188 136,432 58,373 41,809 1,426 5,946 6,060 2,787 2,255 Net Balance -6380 17,065 -44249 36,835 -9583 698 3,904 -1452 -877 -246 Non EC Exports 55,509 230,624 17,408 71,690 51,692 429 1,278 1,543 664 685 Non EC Exports 853,826 1,566,890 1,192,241 515,641 1,825,562 8,925 18,473 18,413 4,148 11,409 Net Balance 798,317 1,336,266 1,174,833 443,951 1,773,870 8,496 17,195 16,870 3,484 10,724 Total Exports 91,061 338,877 198,089 93,228 103,084 1,157 3,320 9,055 4,328 3,186 Total Imports 882,998 165,078 1,328,673 574,014 1,867,371 10,351 24,419 24,473 6,935 13,664 Net Balance 791,937 1,319,201 1,130,584 480,786 1,764,287 9,194 21,099 15,418 2,607 10,478 UK Net Supply 791,937 1,319,201 1,130,584 480,786 1,764,287 10,167 16,493 3,130 10,529 Source: National Statistics © Crown Copyright 2004

Table 4

UK Manufacturer Sales-Non-knitted or Crocheted Textiles Male Swimwear-Volume(no of items) Female Swimwear-Volume(no of items) 1st Q 2nd Q 4th Q Quarter 4th Q 2002 2003 2003 3rd Q 2003 4th Q 2003 4th Q 2002 1st Q 2003 2nd Q 2003 3rd Q 2003 2003 UK Manufacturer Sales 6,822 8,499 9,109 8,348 8,465 180,508 398,471 546,197 211,712 82,892 Exports to EC 31,850 84,678 163,305 57,341 13,076 12,169 37,694 54,870 10,161 5,656 Imports from EC 13,673 52,972 170,759 32,188 20,190 309,454 1,032,574 443,107 106,210 182,936 Net Balance -18177 -31706 7,454 -25153 7,114 297,285 994,880 388,237 96,049 177,280 Non EC Exports 15,132 7,134 40,222 39,903 7,753 12,932 50,886 16,943 9,024 20,622 Non EC Imports 185,822 856,529 962,324 110,791 137,436 362,292 743,362 926,832 212,267 275,245 Net Balance 170,690 849,395 922,102 70,888 129,683 349,360 692,476 909,889 203,243 254,623 Total Exports 46,982 91,812 203,527 97,244 20,829 25,101 88,580 71,813 19,185 26,278 Total Imports 199,495 909,501 1,133,083 142,979 157,626 671,746 1,775,936 1,369,939 318,477 458,181 Net Balance 152,513 817,689 929,556 45,735 136,797 646,645 1,687,356 1,298,126 299,292 431,903 UK Net Supply 159,335 826,188 938,665 54,083 145,262 827,153 2,085,827 1,844,323 511,004 514,795 Source: National Statistics © Crown Copyright 2004

Business of Swimming-______Page 10

3. Context

3.1 Political

In 2002, HNI drew attention to the two main changes in recent years with regard to the political context. These were the requirement for competitive tendering by pool operators and the substantial increase in support from the Government for the elite end of the sport.

At the time, we noted that whilst the National Lottery was not as popular as in its early years, the trend for Government support was set to continue. Whilst this prediction has been shown to be accurate, the likelihood is that the Government will increase its support at all levels for areas that fit with its national strategies for a healthy lifestyle. Swimming has much to offer in terms of combating obesity and providing exercise throughout one’s life.

Swimming is set to play a key part in challenging many modern day life-style problems but, given the experience in other fields, financial support is likely to come with ever increased monitoring at all levels of the sport.

3.2 Economic

The economic map for swimming is likely to continue to change. Added value products such as learn to swim and other taught classes will inevitably mean that casual swimming will become less financially valuable to pool operators.

One to one teaching for adults could also offer greater margins and is likely to become a growth area in the future both for the private and public sectors.

3.3 Social

Swimming pools now take child protection issues very seriously. Pools have restrictions on photography within pool precincts. Efforts are being made by all swimming authorities to make swimming more socially inclusive. Whilst most socio-economic groups can afford to swim, there are still difficulties with some ethnic and religious groups when it comes to body exposure. Pool operators find it difficult to make provision for such groups.

The future challenge for swimming is to identify which social groups are not swimming and to make its offering sufficiently attractive to entice these potential customers into the fold.

3.4 Technological background

Technological matters are inevitably linked to performance. Britain still lags behind in the provision of 50-metre swimming pools and this has placed the UK’s competitive swimmers at a disadvantage when competing internationally. British swimmers have not been able to train with the increased work load that 50 metre pools offer and this has been a contributory factor to the lack of medals in the 1990’s.

In the last 3 to 4 years, 5 new 50 metre pools have been built and this, along with one or two other key factors, is starting to have an effect.

Swimmers 1 are often taken aback to find that there are no official standards or legislation specifically for swimming pools. Neither does the manger of a pool have to hold a pool management qualification! We have legislation for drinking water and even sea water but for swimming pools there is only guidance developed by the voluntary Pool Water Treatment

1 This section through to the end of ‘Technology’ is from original copy supplied by Ralph Riley, Chief Executive, The Institute of Sport and Recreation Management.

Business of Swimming-______Page 11

Advisory Group, the organisation which sets standards for pool water quality in the UK, in conjunction with training and qualifications from the ISRM. For over a decade, ISRM/PWTAG have campaigned to put these issues right. There has been little support for this in the UK, however, there has been progress on a number of fronts....

Code of Practice

Work with the British Standards Institution over three years, including much discussion and many edits, finally resulted in the publication of a Publicly Available Specification (PAS) Code of Practice based closely on the guidelines in the UK publication, Swimming Pool Water . The Standard can be purchased from BSI and ISRM can deliver the standard for those pools who want to be assessed to see if they meet the requirements of the standard. If they do meet this standard, they receive a plaque to show how good they are.

Microbiological guidelines

In the new Code of Practice , there are new microbiological standards for all public swimming pools. Although the microbiological methods and recommended bacterial limits are unchanged, advice on what to do about failures has been tightened up. This includes specific guidelines about when to close - and when not to close, but simply re-test - after failures. It also advocates, for the first time, routine testing for Pseudomonas, a type of bacteria that can cause skin complaints and swimmers ear.

CEN

Work has been ongoing in Europe for some time on developing safety standards for swimming pool equipment. Much of this work is now complete and details are available from BSI. The development group is now preparing a standard for swimming pool safety in operation. This should be complete next year and could be adopted as a common standard in all European pools. In another European initiative, the UK Drinking Water Inspectorate, the UK pool water group, has been involved in discussions about Europe-wide CEN standards for pool water chemicals. (Until 1999, the DWI organised an approval system for pool chemicals). After a number of meetings, progress has been made on aluminium salts, isocyanurates, sodium bicarbonate, BCDMH, ozone and sodium hypochlorite.

Cryptosporidium

Over the last few years there has been a heightened awareness of the threat imposed by Cryptosporidium (and Giardia) - protozoal organisms whose cysts are resistant to chlorine and which can cause gastro-intestinal illness. There is a substantial technical guidance in the UK about how to minimise the threat and how to employ good filtration practices to deal with diarrhoeal contamination of pools. Invariably cryptosporidia is brought into a pool by bathers and we can do much to improve pool water by adopting good pre swim hygiene procedures.

Health issues

There has been substantial media coverage of two swimming pool health scares. Given the generally recognised improvement in pool standards, the lesson, once more, is for pools to follow accepted guidelines religiously.

The work from Belgian medical researchers - claiming to link lung tissue changes with asthma in children via nitrogen trichloride in poor swimming pool atmospheres - was more worrying. Although doubts have been raised about the research methods, the work has not been dismissed by authorities in the UK. The pool water treatment group has linked with the Department of Health and the Health Protection Agency in exploring the possibility of research in this area. Plans to research ventilation may be revived. Meanwhile, a comprehensive survey of relevant

Business of Swimming-______Page 12

literature is underway. Of course, this issue further underlines the importance of the sort of pool management standards that minimise chloramine production. This means having managers and staff in pools who have appropriate experience and qualifications and once again, improving all swimmers pre swim hygiene. Discussions continue with government agencies.

UV water treatment

A number of new and existing pools in the UK are converting to using UV water treatment in addition to conventional chlorine and are obtaining excellent results. UV pools can operate at substantially less chlorine levels and have the great advantage that smelly, irritating chloramines are greatly reduced and the UV even deals with the stomach bug, cryptosporidia. This is good news for all swimmers fortunate enough to benefit from this new technology.

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4. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats

Our analysis of swimming’s current position is as follows:

Strengths Weaknesses

*High levels of participation in swimming are being maintained *Swimming is becoming an important part of the *Failure to increase general male usage of pools Government health agenda *Tender and contract restrictions for pool operators *Swimming now presents greater consumer choice in *Ageing pool stock that needs to be updated terms of the types of pools *Lack of swimmers between the age of 15 and 21 years *The sport has a female bias not often found elsewhere *Calls on pool time from varying pool user groups making it attractive to sponsors *The perceived reduction in school swimming will have *Basic admittance charges remain competitive with a long term effect other activities and it provides the gateway to many *Lack of Olympic medallists and low spectator interest other sports, past-times and for employment in competitive swimming

Opportunities Threats

*Public criticism about the condition of pools based on *New Government programmes based on health and ageing stock fitness *Continued closure of school pools and drift away from *The reintroduction of 15-21 and 45-50 year customer school swimming groups *Changes in public and governmental attitudes towards *Regionalised Government leading to more initiatives at swimming a local level *Higher expectations of delivery by swimming *Climatic temperature rises leading to more summer consumers in terms of pool surroundings, facilities and swimming cleanliness *Likely greater investment by parents in child swimming to replace any losses in school swimming

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5. Demographic profiles of people swimming

In 2004, HNI found that there had been a slight movement towards male swimming participation. 63% of swimmers surveyed randomly in 2002 were female. This bias had decreased to 61% in 2004 with male swimmers increasing from 37 to 39%:

Table 5:

Breadown of Swimmers by Gender

1200 1081 1065

1000

800 669 623 600 2002 2004

400

200

0 Men Women

This year’s survey sample embraced a more even distribution of swimmers. There were considerably less swimmers under the age of 15, but more in the 25-34 and 45-54 year groups. As this was a random sample, it will take a number of years before we can establish whether there is an overall decrease in pool use by this age group. There have been some comments to the effect that casual junior swimming is being programmed out of pools, intentionally or otherwise.

This is the second survey in which a relatively low number of pool users between the age of 15 and 19 years have been shown to be using pools. Similarly, there are some concerns with the 45 and 54 year group, particularly as health and middle age heart conditions are an ever increasing issue.

Lifetime ownership of swimming customers is an issue for all bodies, commercial or otherwise. A pattern is emerging whereby children learn when very young; they stay highly involved until they get to the age of about 14 to 15 years of age and then other interests take over. There was a substantial decrease in pool users between the ages of 14 and 22 to 23 years. The customer then returns to the pool over the age of 25 years when he or she is normally starting to take their own children swimming. By the age of 45 years, their children have grown up and the customer stops swimming. In both years, we have surveyed very few pool users in the 45 to 50 year group by comparison with the two preceding groups.

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Life usage pattern of the swimming customer

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

0-4 years 15-23 years- 25-45 years- 5-8 years- 9-14 years- parent & less interest; swim with learn to swim school & fun baby alternative family who in classes swimming swimming attractions are learning

Step 6 Step 7

55 years- 46-55 years start to – drop in return to interest keep fit Likely main objective behind visit to the pool

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5

Skill Safety and To be Learning to acquisition N/a enjoyment acquainted swim and for the family enjoyment

Step 6 Step 7

Health and N/a fitness

Given the overall ageing of the population, less swimming is being carried out by the older age groups although there are signs with GP referrals and the like that participation by these age groups may grow if offered their own swimming sessions. Overall, there are two strategic gaps. One when customers reach the upper years of secondary school, at a time when some of them are taking part in outdoor water based leisure pursuits, and a second, when the customer’s children have flown the nest, i.e. from 45 years on:

Table 6:

Breakdown of pool uers by age group

800 701 700

600 507 500 2002 2004 400 370 357 279 300 207 200 151 114 125 82 89 96 90 95 79 100 59 15 22

0 Under 15 15-19 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ No response

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Age 2002 2002 2004 2004 Under 15 701 42% 507 29% 15-19 82 5% 89 5% 20-24 96 6% 90 5% 25-34 207 12% 279 16% 35-44 370 22% 357 21% 45-54 95 6% 151 9% 55-64 79 5% 114 7% 65+ 59 3% 125 7% No response 15 1% 22 1% Total 1704 1734 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

HNI found that pool users remained heavily biased towards white British customers. For a second survey running, the pool users surveyed, other than White British customers, made up less than 3% of all pool users. For some minority groups, swimming is not considered a family leisure pursuit or past-time.

During the DFES Top-Up Schemes which we will refer to later in this report, many of the pupils from ethic minorities were equally able to swim if presented with the opportunity. The difficulty with some pupils lay in the combination of family cultural apathy to swimming and little opportunity to learn whilst at school. In the long term, this combination is likely to reduce the base of our national swimming pyramid:

Table 7:

Ethnic Composition of Swimmers

1800 1658 1683

1600

1400

1200

1000 2002

800 2004

600

400

200 22 9 5 3 0 6 3 0 16 32 0 1 0 Black- Black African Black Other Indian Asian Chinese British White Carribean

Ethnic Composition of Swimmers 2002 2004 Black-Carribean 1.3% 0.5% Black African 0.3% 0.2% Black Other 0% 0.3% Indian 0.2% 0.0% Asian 0.9% 1.8% Chinese 0% 0.1% British White 97.0% 97.1% (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

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Tables 8 to 44 give a breakdown of responses for both the public and private sectors. The percentage quoted in each case is that of the total respondents. For example, the private sector percentages are percentages of the total survey and not a percentage of the private sector on its own.

Table 8:

Are you currently employed?

Current Employment

800 704 700 568 600

500 355 400 291 300 200 163 161 150 140 200 131 96 97 79 66 53 84 59 100 41

0 Retired Student Semi-skilled Homemaker Unemployed Manual Work No Comment 2004 Survey Skilled position 2002 Survey Managerial/Professional Managerial/Professional

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Unemployed 79 4.6% 3 0.2% 76 4.4% 66 4% Managerial/Professional 355 20.5% 40 2.3% 315 18.2% 291 17%

Skilled position 200 11.5% 12 0.7% 188 10.8% 131 8% Semi-skilled 53 3.1% 3 0.2% 50 2.9% 84 5% Manual Work 96 5.5% 1 0.1% 95 5.5% 41 2% Retired 163 9.4% 8 0.5% 155 8.9% 97 6% Homemaker 161 9.3% 18 1.0% 143 8.2% 150 9% Student 568 32.8% 2 0.1% 566 32.6% 704 41% No Comment 59 3.4% 140 8% Total 1734 87 1588 1704

The student group included school children, many of whom were learning to swim in one way or another. Beyond students, swimming has a bias towards the professional classes. Often pool operators offer free swimming to the unemployed but the number of people in this group who swim is relatively low.

Business of Swimming-______Page 18

Although there is thought to be a high number of learners/improvers using pools, particularly among young people, the majority of people consider themselves to be leisure swimmers.

Table 9:

Type of pool user

1400 1172 1200

961 1000

800 2002 2004 600 544 395 400

200 127 98 98 62 13 34 0 Leisure Learner Competitive Masters Spectator

Type of pool user 2002 2004 Leisure 55% 67% Learner 31% 22% Competitive 7% 6% Masters 1% 2% Spectator 6% 3% (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

The survey participants were interviewed at pools in the following Government Regions:

Table 10:

Government Region East 164 9.5% East Midlands 72 4.1% London 90 5.2% North East 152 8.8% North West 270 15.6% Scotland 63 3.6% South East 262 15.1% South West 265 15.3% Wales 79 4.6% West Midlands 243 14.0% Yorkshire & Humberside 74 4.3% Total 1734 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Business of Swimming-______Page 19

6. Consumer behaviour

6.1 Behavioural patterns of swimmers

The cost of customer acquisition continues to rise. It is more cost effective to maintain existing customers and the viral marketing that emanates from their opinions among peer groups is important for building a customer base. Understanding the way in which the majority of customers behave on visiting the swimming pool helps pool operators to package their offerings in a way that is likely to keep customers as regular swimmers.

When asked what their motivation was for attending the pool at the time of the survey, most pool users stated that it was to keep fit . The number of people who attended for fun remained at much the same level as in 2002 whilst there was a marked decrease in the number improving their skills . The implication from this is that the demand from people wishing to improve their skill based competences is decreasing and that pool operators will have an important role to play in satisfying the demand for fitness swimming. Some respondents gave more than one response:

Table 11 What is the main reason for your attendance today?

Motivation for pool attendance

2000

1500

2004 2002

1000 747 562 557 429 482 500 364 391 306

69 95 56 25 11 11 0 To Keep Fit For Fun Improve Recover Part of social Watch a Watch skills from group child u/15 another adult injury/illness swim

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % To Keep Fit 747 36.1% 58 3% 689 33.3% 562 27.6% For Fun 429 20.8% 19 1% 410 19.8% 306 15.0% Improve skills 364 17.6% 7 0.3% 357 17.3% 557 27.3% Recover from injury/illness 56 2.7% 6 0.3% 50 2.4% 25 1.2% Part of social group 69 3.3% 4 0.2% 65 3.1% 95 4.7% Watch a child u/15 391 18.9% 16 0.8% 375 18.1% 482 23.7% Watch another adult swim 11 0.5% 0 11 0.5% 11 0.5% Total 2067 110 1957 2038 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Business of Swimming-______Page 20

6.2 When people swim

Increasing the rate of repeat business is still difficult for swimming pools. The proportion of people swimming more than once a week is just over 26%. Given the cost of customer acquisition, encouraging customers to use the pool more than once a week is likely to lead to greater overall profitability:

Table 12

On average, how many times do you swim?

Regularity of Swim

1000 929

900

800 729

700

600 479 473 2004 Survey 500 2002 Survey 400 326

300

200 128 68 98 97 100 24 29 28 5 25 0 Never Once or twice Every week 2-3 times per 3-5 times per Everyday Don't know per month week week

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Never 68 3.9% 0 68 3.9% 128 7.5% Once or twice per month 479 27.6% 16 0.9% 462 26.6% 24 1.4% Every week 729 42.0% 32 1.8% 697 40.2% 929 54.6% 2-3 times per week 326 18.8% 31 1.8% 295 17.0% 473 27.8% 3-5 times per week 98 5.7% 4 0.2% 94 5.4% 97 5.7% Everyday 29 1.7% 0 29 1.7% 28 1.6% Don't know 5 0.0% 0 6 0.0% 25 0.0% Total 1734 83 1651 1703 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Business of Swimming-______Page 21

Similarly 35% of people visit but do not use a swimming pool. This nearly always means that they come to watch someone else in the water. This could present a commercial opportunity for pool operators:

Table 13

How many times do you visit the pool but not swim?

Pool Visits Without Swimming

1200 1113

1000 859

800 2004 Survey 600 518 2002 Survey

400 314 226 182 200 63 43 19 46 10 12 33 0 Never Once or twice Every week 2-3 times per 3-5 times per Everyday Don't Know per month week week

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Never 1113 64.2% 50 2.9% 1063 61.3% 859 50.4% Once or twice per month 182 10.5% 15 0.9% 167 9.6% 43 2.5% Every week 314 18.1% 11 0.6% 303 17.5% 518 30.4% 2-3 times per week 63 3.6% 6 0.3% 57 3.3% 226 13.3% 3-5 times per week 19 1.1% 1 0.1% 18 1.0% 46 2.7% Everyday 10 0.6% 0 10 0.6% 12 0.7% Don't know 33 1.9% 33 1.9% Total 1734 83 1651 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Business of Swimming-______Page 22

The percentage of people swimming at weekends continues to be lower than in midweek but HNI found that slightly more people were swimming at weekends in 2004 than in 2002. The majority of people who swim at weekends do so in a leisure pool:

Table 14

What day/s do you normally swim on?

Days when sw im takes place

700 649 620

600

500 453 465 467 409 428 418 426 369 377 400 2004 Survey 312 278 2002 Survey 300 249

200

100 66

ay y ay a ay day ies nd nd sd sd r Friday ur Var Su Mo ne at Tuesday d Thu S We

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Sunday 278 9.0% 14 0.5% 264 8.6% 312 11% Monday 453 14.7% 46 1.5% 407 13.2% 620 21% Tuesday 649 21.1% 18 0.6% 631 20.5% 465 16% Wednesday 409 13.3% 16 0.5% 393 12.8% 428 15% Thursday 418 13.6% 18 0.6% 400 13.0% 467 16% Friday 426 13.8% 34 1.1% 392 12.7% 369 13% Saturday 377 12.3% 11 0.4% 366 11.9% 249 9% Varies 66 2.1% 12 0.4% 54 1.8% Total 3076 169 2907 2910 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Business of Swimming-______Page 23

Although surveying was conducted throughout the day, HNI found that twice as many pool users in 2002 swam in the late afternoons and in the evenings than during mid day. There was a more even distribution in 2004:

Table 15

At what time of day do you normally swim?

Time of day swim takes place

1200 1036

1000

779 800 2004 Survey 592 2002 Survey 600 496 437

400 302

200 66 64

0 7-9am 9am-Noon Noon-4pm 4pm-10pm

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % 7-9am 66 3.5% 4 0.2% 62 3.3% 64 3% 9am-Noon 437 23.3% 33 1.8% 404 21.6% 302 16% Noon-4pm 592 31.6% 35 1.9% 557 29.7% 496 26% 4pm-10pm 779 41.6% 16 0.9% 763 40.7% 1036 55% Total 1874 88 1786 1898 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Business of Swimming-______Page 24

6.3 Why people swim

When asked why they chose to swim at this particular pool, respondents often gave more than one reason, frequently giving equal weight to two reasons. The biggest single reason given was that the pool they were interviewed at was the nearest. The geographical position of pools is therefore important to consumer choice:

Table 16 Why do you swim at this pool?

Reason for Choice of Pool

1400 1214 2004 1141 1200 Survey 1000 2002 800 Survey

600 435 367 400 273 294 280 235 201231 185 182167 201 161 105 94 157151 200 49 33 73 39 53 89 54

t t t re st ce ff s m es es ing ng a e ti son ar mi atu ane st por et wi li a ark m r s ns Ne P Cle f Advi ou Qui wi mpe af e d faci S t c Tra iends s e ne Te t S Fr Other Re enient s Court Publi Lane Swimming onv Pool Be Disabl C on-La N

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Nearest 1141 37.6% 23 0.8% 1118 36.8% 1214 35% Convenient Parking 273 9.0% 20 0.7% 253 8.3% 435 13%

Non-Lane Swimming 49 1.6% 1 0.0% 48 1.6% 33 1% Pool Temperature 161 5.3% 22 0.7% 139 4.6% 235 7% Cleanest 201 6.6% 25 0.8% 176 5.8% 231 7% Best Staff Advice 73 2.4% 3 0.1% 70 2.3% 185 5% Courteous staff 182 6.0% 12 0.4% 170 5.6% 167 5% Public Transport 39 1.3% 0 0.0% 39 1.3% 53 2% Quietest 105 3.5% 25 0.8% 80 2.6% 94 3% Lane Swimming 157 5.2% 15 0.5% 142 4.7% 151 4% Friends swim 201 6.6% 15 0.5% 186 6.1% 294 9% Disabled facilities 89 2.9% 5 0.2% 84 2.8% 54 2% Other Reason 367 12.1% 38 1.3% 329 10.8% 280 8% (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Business of Swimming-______Page 25

6.4 Where people swim

Given the response to the previous question, it is hardly surprising that pool users’ total experience is limited to just one pool in the case of 63.5% of those surveyed. Most people are disinclined to try a variety of pools:

Table 17 How many different pools do you choose to visit each week?

No of Pools Per Week

1200 1101 998 1000

800

2004 Survey 600 2002 Survey

400 341 357 238 245 200 66 21 11 19 15 26 0 Seldom visit One Two Three More than Three Don't know

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Seldom visit 341 19.7% 17 1.0% 324 18.7% 238 14% One 1101 63.5% 59 3.4% 1042 60.1% 998 59% Two 245 14.1% 4 0.2% 241 13.9% 357 21% Three 21 1.2% 1 0.1% 20 1.2% 66 4% More than Three 11 0.6% 0 11 0.6% 19 1% Don't know 15 0.9% 2 0.1% 13 0.7% 26 2% Total 1734 83 1651 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Business of Swimming-______Page 26

Opinions tend to be split as to which type of pools the respondents preferred. In general, young families prefer leisure pools whilst those swimmers who are motivated by fitness tend to prefer standard, rectangular pools:

Table 18

Would you prefer your swimming pool to be a:

Type of Pool Preference

600 527 517 500 448 406 409 400 380 353 322 2004 Survey 300 2002 Survey

200

100 39 37

0 Leisure Pool Leisure with Learner Traditional Rectangular Pool Don't Know Rectangular Pool with Learner

2004 2004 Private Public 2002 2004 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Leisure Pool 406 23.4% 7 0.4% 399 23.0% 322 18.9% Leisure with Learner 527 30.4% 14 0.8% 513 29.6% 517 30.3% Traditional Rectangular Pool 409 23.6% 28 1.6% 381 22.0% 448 26.3% Rectangular Pool with Learner 353 20.4% 30 1.7% 323 18.6% 380 22.3% Don't know 39 2.2% 4 0.2% 35 2.0% 37 2.2% Total 1734 83 1651 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

46 out of the 49 pools where the survey took place were public pools. As some 63% of respondents only use one pool, there was an inevitable leaning towards the public sector when respondents were asked which type of pool they normally swim at.

Business of Swimming-______Page 27

Table 19

What type of pool do you normally swim at?

Pools Normally Swum At

1561 1600 1496

1400

1200

1000

800 2004 Survey

600 2002 Survey

400 140 200 86 85 37 27 39 58 35

0 Public Health Club Hotel Private School/University

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Public 1561 86.1% 10 0.6% 1551 85.6% 1496 85% Health Club 140 7.7% 59 3.3% 81 4.5% 86 5% Hotel 37 2.0% 1 0.1% 36 2.0% 27 2% Private 39 2.2% 13 0.7% 26 1.4% 58 3% School/University 35 1.9% 9 0.5% 26 1.4% 85 5% Total 1812 92 1720 1752 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

6.5 Consumer attitudes to prices

More than 80% of pool users spend less than £5 each time they visit the pool. Respondents were asked to indicate the amount spent to include car parking, pool admission, consumables and swimming accessories. The challenge for pools is to increase this level of spend per visit:

Table 20 On average, how much money do you spend every time you visit the pool?

Spend at Pool

900 808 827 800

700 570 600 567

500 2004 Survey

400 2002 Survey

300 214 202 200

100 54 38 36 56 9 9 10 29 8 0 Less than £2-5 £5-10 £10-15 £15-20 £20 or Member Lessons Don't £2 more know

Business of Swimming-______Page 28

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Less than £2 567 32.7% 35 2.0% 532 30.7% 570 33% £2-5 808 46.6% 28 1.6% 780 45.0% 827 49% £5-10 214 12.3% 11 0.6% 203 11.7% 202 12% £10-15 54 3.1% 2 0.1% 52 3.0% 38 2% £15-20 9 0.5% 0 9 0.5% £20 or more 9 0.5% 0 9 0.5% 10 1% Member 29 1.7% 3 0.2% 26 1.5% Lessons 8 0.5% 0 8 0.5% Don't know 36 2.1% 4 0.2% 32 1.8% 57 3% Total 1734 83 1651 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

38.1% of respondents pay between £2 and £3 for their pool entrance. This evidence is supported by the average cost of admission in 2003/4 identified on a local authority by local authority basis later in this report which shows the average in metropolitan and unitary authorities to be £2.40 and in non-metropolitan districts, £2.43 (See section 10. Prices Within Swimming Pools ):

Table 21 How much do you normally pay for pool entrance?

Pool Entrance

700 649 660

600 546

500 444

400 2004 Survey 2002 Survey 300

200 154 159 153 132 111 103 117 83 91 100 36

0 0-50p 50p-£1 £1-2 £2-3 £3-5 Member Lessons Don't know

Business of Swimming-______Page 29

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % 0-50p 132 7.6% 21 1.2% 111 6.4% 111 7% 50p-£1 83 4.8% 1 0.1% 82 4.7% 154 9% £1-2 444 25.6% 1 0.1% 443 25.5% 649 38% £2-3 660 38.1% 12 0.7% 648 37.4% 546 32% £3-5 159 9.2% 7 0.4% 152 8.8% 91 5% Member 103 5.9% 42 2.4% 61 3.5% Lessons 36 2.1% 1 0.1% 35 2.0% Don't know 117 6.7% 119 6.9% 153 9% Total 1734 85 1651 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Current pool prices match customer expectations. The greater percentage would be willing to pay £2 to £3 for pool entrance and this is matched by the large number of standard/ regular pools that charge within this price range. Again, this survey was conducted mostly in public pools and there is a growing number of customers who are willing to pay more in order to guarantee what they perceive as a better product in the private sector. This is further evidenced by the number of pools being opened in private health clubs. However, a significant number of respondents indicated a wish to pay a lower entrance fee, thus highlighting the problem that swimming is seen as a lower value activity in the eyes of some consumers:

Table 22 How much would you be willing to pay for your pool entrance?

Willingness To Pay

700 648 579 600 547 524

500

400 2004 Survey

300 2002 Survey 179 201 194 200 129 136 104 121 76 100

0 0-50p 50p-£1 £1-2 £2-3 £3-5 Don't know

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % 0-50p 104 6.0% 11 0.6% 93 5.4% 76 4% 50p-£1 121 7.0% 2 0.1% 119 6.9% 129 8% £1-2 524 30.2% 9 0.5% 515 29.7% 547 32% £2-3 648 37.4% 24 1.4% 624 36.0% 579 34% £3-5 136 7.8% 7 0.4% 129 7.4% 179 11% Don't know 201 11.6% 30 1.7% 171 9.9% 194 11% Total 1734 83 1651 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Business of Swimming-______Page 30

The majority of respondents did not use private health clubs but the indication from those respondents who do use these clubs was that prices had risen slightly since 2002:

Table 23

If a member of a health, hotel or private club, how much does your membership cost per year?

Health Club Costs

1800 1556 1600 1470

1400

1200

1000 2004 Survey

800 2002 Survey

600

400

200 113 52 27 43 33 48 36 52 8 0 Not £50-100 £100-200 £200-300 £300-500 £600 + Applicable

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Not Applicable 1470 84.8% 11 0.6% 1459 84.1% 1556 41% £50-100 52 3.0% 3 0.2% 49 2.8% 27 2% £100-200 43 2.5% 4 0.2% 39 2.2% 33 2% £200-300 48 2.8% 8 0.5% 40 2.3% 36 2% £300-500 113 6.5% 49 2.8% 64 3.7% 52 3% £600 + 8 0.5% 8 0.5% Total 1734 83 1651 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

6.6 Length of time spent at pool by swimmers

Most people spend between 30 minutes and an hour at the pool, particularly in regular pools. Observationally, it appeared that pool users spent a greater amount of time if they were visitors to a leisure pool. Most of the leisure pools have a cafeteria and the majority of those surveyed at leisure pools used the cafeteria as well. Leisure pools part compensate for this by charging a higher admittance rate. In future reports, HNI plans to carry out a time-price comparison between typical leisure and standard pools:

Business of Swimming-______Page 31

Table 24 How long do you swim for each visit?

Length of Swim

1200 1119 1107

1000

800 2004 Survey 600 2002 Survey

400 307 216 213 256 200 88 57 40 35

0 Less than 30 30 min-1hour 1-2 hours Over 2 hours Don't know minutes

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Less than 30 minutes 216 12.5% 27 1.6% 189 10.9% 213 13% 30 min-1hour 1119 64.5% 52 3.0% 1067 61.5% 1107 65% 1-2 hours 307 17.7% 4 0.2% 303 17.5% 256 15% Over 2 hours 57 3.3% 0 57 3.3% 40 2% Don't know 35 2.0% 0 35 2.0% 88 5% Total 1734 83 1651 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

With health programmes in mind, less than 10% of respondents swam 1500 metres or more although, when asked, they stated that they were visiting the pool to keep fit:

Table 25 What distance do you swim on average?

Length of Swim

600 504 493 501 481 500 407 403 400 2004 Survey

300 2002 Survey

200 140 150 111 129 119

100

0 Less than 100 m 100-200 metres 200- 400m 400-1500m Over 1500 Don't know metres

Business of Swimming-______Page 32

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Less than 100 metres 504 29.1% 17 1.0% 487 28.1% 493 28.9% 100-200 metres 111 6.5% 200- 400 metres 501 28.9% 29 1.7% 472 27.2% 407 23.9% 400-1500 metres 481 27.7% 29 1.8% 452 26.1% 403 23.7% Over 1500 metres 129 7.4% 2 0.1% 127 7.3% 140 8.2% Don't know 119 6.9% 6 0.3% 113 6.5% 150 8.8% Total 1734 83 1651 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

6.7 Choice of swimming companions

Swimming can be described as a social sport. Less than 20% of respondents swam on their own. Generally swimmers are comprised of a parent and child, a family group or a group of adults:

Table 26 If you swim with a group, how many people do you attend with?

Swimming Companions

500 445 450 409 400 334 331 348 350 319 2004 Survey 300 256 263 2002 Survey 250 215 192 177 200 149 150 100 50 0 Swim alone One Two Three Four Five or More

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Swim alone 334 19.3% 26 1.5% 308 17.8% 215 13.0% One 331 19.1% 26 1.5% 305 17.6% 256 15.0% Two 319 18.4% 16 0.9% 303 17.5% 348 20.0% Three 192 11.1% 6 0.3% 186 10.7% 263 15.0% Four 149 8.6% 6 0.3% 143 8.2% 177 10.0% Five or More 409 23.6% 3 0.2% 406 23.4% 445 26.0% Total 1734 83 1651 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Business of Swimming-______Page 33

Annually about 1700 swimming clubs affiliate with the ASA, although this does vary slightly from year to year. There may well be further social swimming clubs that are not affiliated. The numbers are uncertain. In 2002, 86% of pool users stated that they were not members of an aquatic club. This year, 91% stated that they were not a member of a club. The number of clubs of all types may be decreasing due to the cost of hire and organisational difficulties:

Table 27 Are you a member of a swimming club? If so, what type of club?

Swimming Clubs

1800 1582 1600 1466 1400 2004 Survey 1200 2002 Survey 1000 800 600 400 121 200 68 3 7 31 57 7 22 45 4 20 13 4 22 2 0

a b Club Club Club Club s n o ive Club r u r it F olo No Clu aste Sub Aqu P ch pet Diving Club er yn M at S om ife Saving Club C L W

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Competitive Club 68 3.9% 0 68 3.9% 121 7% Masters Club 3 0.2% 0 3 0.2% 7 0% Fun Club 31 1.8% 2 0.1% 29 1.7% 57 3% Life Saving Club 7 0.4% 0 7 0.4% 22 1% Diving Club 4 0.2% 0 4 0.2% 5 0% Sub Aqua 4 0.2% 0 4 0.2% 20 1% Water Polo Club 13 0.7% 0 13 0.8% 4 0% Synchro Club 22 1.3% 0 22 1.3% 2 0% No Club 1582 91.2% 83 4.8% 1501 86.6% 1466 86% Total 1734 85 1651 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Business of Swimming-______Page 34

6.8 Facilities utilised at pools

This year’s survey indicated that more people are using the gym than in 2002. The swimming pool cafeteria is a facility that is also generally used where in existence. HNI noted, observationally, that a pool café adds to the overall offering and tends to create a busier, happening atmosphere around a pool:

Table 28 When at the swimming pool, what other facilities do you use?

Facilities used at Pools

1000 895 841 2004 Survey 900 2002 Survey 800

700 600 471493 500 428 400 318 299 246 300 215 219 225 168 207 200 137 123 78 55 73 54 84 78 78 81 100 21

l ly o d bed o om on n P Gym tudio oar o l u S B Sauna nding R oo S pa s g Ve P Cafeteria S am bic vin te earner Pool Beauty Salon o Di S L Aer

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Pool only 841 28.8% 9 0.3% 832 28.4% 895 30.2% Sunbed 78 2.7% 6 0.2% 72 2.5% 55 1.9% Cafeteria 471 16.1% 53 1.8% 418 14.3% 493 16.6% Spa Pool 137 4.7% 36 1.2% 101 3.5% 73 2.5% Gym 318 10.9% 53 1.8% 265 9.1% 215 7.3% Beauty Salon 21 0.7% 6 0.2% 15 0.5% 54 1.8% Aerobics Studio 84 2.9% 17 0.6% 67 2.3% 78 2.6% Diving Board 78 2.7% 1 0.0% 77 2.6% 81 2.7% Sauna 246 8.4% 35 1.2% 211 7.2% 168 5.7% Vending 207 7.1% 1 0.0% 206 7.0% 428 14.4% Steam Room 219 7.5% 39 1.3% 180 6.2% 123 4.2% Learner Pool 225 7.7% 16 0.5% 209 7.1% 299 10.1% Total 2925 272 2653 2962 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Business of Swimming-______Page 35

Many pools do not posses a footbath. National bodies are encouraging swimmers to take a shower before and after a swim in the interests of other bathers. Only 26% of respondents use the shower before and 49% after their swims. These messages are clearly not being received by the pool user: Table 29

Which of these do you use when visiting a swimming pool?

Health Issues

1600 1513 1463

1400

2004 Survey 1200 2002 Survey

1000

804 800 765

600 495 459

400 355 275

200

0 Hair Dryer Shower Before Shower After Footbath

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Hair Dryer 495 16.0% 64 2.1% 431 14.0% 459 15% Shower Before 804 26.0% 60 1.9% 744 24.1% 765 25% Shower After 1513 49.0% 80 2.6% 1433 46.4% 1463 48% Footbath 275 8.9% 8 0.3% 267 8.6% 355 12% Total 3087 212 2875 3042 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

6.9 Transport to pool decisions

In the mid 1800’s swimming pools were originally built in working-class areas in order that people could walk or cycle to the local pool. The advent of the motor car meant that people could travel to pools without public transport. Now the requirement is for modern and safe child and female friendly car parking. Just over 30% of today’s population still live within 2 miles of their nearest pool:

Business of Swimming-______Page 36

Table 30 How far do you live from the pool?

2004 2004 2004 Private Public Survey % sector % sector % 0-1 mile 354 20.4% 11 0.6% 343 19.8% 1-2 miles 170 9.8% 9 0.5% 161 9.3% 2-3 miles 594 34.3% 22 1.3% 572 33.0% 3-5 miles 178 10.3% 11 0.6% 167 9.6% 5-10 miles 293 16.9% 22 1.3% 271 15.6% More than 10 miles 92 5.3% 5 0.3% 87 5.0% Not stated 53 3.1% 3 0.2% 50 2.9% Total 1734 83 1651

The importance of the car in relation to modern swimming pools can be seen by the fact that 79.2% of respondents stated that they travelled by car . The location of a pool is often dependent on availability of land and planning permission and it could be that the dominant use of the car in relation to pools is part related to the lack of alternative use of public transport in the area of the pool: Table 31 How did you get to the pool today?

2004 2004 2004 Private Public Survey % sector % sector % By car 1373 79.2% 75 4.3% 1298 74.9% By bus 114 6.6% 0 114 6.6% Walked 195 11.2% 4 0.2% 191 11.0% By train 10 0.6% 0 10 0.6% By tube 1 0.1% 0 1 0.1% Cycled 22 1.3% 1 0.1% 21 1.2% Not stated 19 1.1% 3 0.2% 16 0.9% Total 1734 83 1651 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Most respondents were able to reach the pool in less than ten minutes:

Table 32 How long did it take you to get to the pool today?

2004 2004 2004 Private Public Survey % sector % sector % 0-5 minutes 311 17.9% 21 1.2% 290 16.7% 5-10 minutes 496 28.6% 18 1.0% 478 27.6% 10-20 minutes 682 39.3% 39 2.2% 643 37.1% 20 minutes- 1hour 192 11.1% 2 0.1% 190 11.0% Over 1 hour 9 0.5% 0 9 0.5% No response 44 2.5% 3 0.2% 41 2.4% Total 1734 83 1651 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Business of Swimming-______Page 37

Three quarters of the pool trips were made from home giving time for the respondent to collect the right equipment before departure and meet swimming group members before arrival at the pool: Table 33

Where did you come from to get to the pool today?

2004 2004 2004 Private Public Survey % sector % sector % Work 200 11.5% 11 0.6% 189 10.9% School 167 9.6% 5 0.3% 162 9.3% Home 1315 75.8% 66 3.8% 1249 72.0% Other 35 2.0% 0 35 2.0% No response 17 1.0% 1 0.1% 16 0.9% Total 1734 83 1651 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

6.10 Swimming and the media

As in 2002, the most regularly read newspaper was the Daily Mail followed by The Sun:

Table 34

What daily newspaper do you read?

Daily Papers Read

559 600 516

500

400 2004 Survey 300287 279 300 2002 Survey 165 193 191 168 200 107 125 104129 117 91 70 75 82 100 47 57 39 36 33 9 13 7

n or ail un es S ia Star M rd im press Daily ndent Mirr Sport y x None e y e Times il ily h The Gua e E The nal Dail T Da e h io ily TelegraphIndep Da h T g e T Re Da h Financial T T The

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2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Daily Telegraph 107 5.3% 10 0.5% 97 4.8% 165 9.2% The Independent 36 1.8% 3 0.1% 33 1.6% 47 2.6%

The Daily Mirror 193 9.6% 6 0.3% 187 9.3% 125 7.0% Daily Sport 33 1.6% 1 0.0% 32 1.6% 9 0.5% The Times 104 5.2% 10 0.5% 94 4.7% 129 7.2% Daily Mail 300 14.9% 30 1.5% 270 13.4% 287 16.1% The Sun 279 13.8% 3 0.1% 276 13.7% 191 10.7% The Guardian 91 4.5% 10 0.5% 81 4.0% 70 3.9% Financial Times 13 0.6% 0 0.0% 13 0.6% 7 0.4% The Express 75 3.7% 5 0.2% 70 3.5% 82 4.6% The Star 57 2.8% 0 0.0% 57 2.8% 39 2.2% Regional Daily 168 8.3% 8 0.4% 160 7.9% 117 6.6% None 559 27.7% 20 1.0% 539 26.7% 516 28.9% 2015 106 1909 1784 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

In a similar pattern, the Mail on Sunday and the News of the World remained the most widely read Sunday papers in both the 2002 and 2004 surveys:

Table 35

What Sunday newspaper do you read?

Sunday Papers Read

800

684 700

600 556

500

2004 Survey 400 2002 Survey

300 271 270 257

185 186 200 169 152 135

87 83 100 70 52 60 60 40 47 49 30 28 35 37 35

0 Sunday Telegraph Independent on Sunday Mirror Sunday Sport Sunday Times Mail on Sunday The People Regional News of the World Express on Sunday The Observer None Sunday

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Sunday Telegraph 70 3.7% 9 0.5% 61 3.3% 135 7.9% Independent on Sunday 30 1.6% 1 0.1% 29 1.5% 40 2.3%

Sunday Mirror 152 8.1% 2 0.1% 150 8.0% 87 5.1% Sunday Sport 28 1.5% 1 0.1% 27 1.4% 35 2.1% Sunday Times 185 9.9% 15 0.8% 170 9.1% 186 10.9% Mail on Sunday 257 13.7% 25 1.3% 232 12.4% 271 15.9% The People 52 2.8% 1 0.1% 51 2.7% 47 2.8% Regional 37 2.0% 0 0.0% 37 2.0% 35 2.1% News of the World 270 14.4% 10 0.5% 260 13.9% 169 9.9% Express on Sunday 60 3.2% 5 0.3% 55 2.9% 60 3.5% The Observer 49 2.6% 8 0.4% 41 2.2% 83 4.9% None 684 36.5% 23 1.2% 661 35.3% 556 32.6% 1874 100 1774 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Business of Swimming-______Page 39

As far as television viewing was concerned, the traditional BBC1 and ITV Channels were watched by the majority of respondents:

Table 36 Which television stations do you watch regularly?

TV Stations Watched

1400 1291 1241 1207 1200 1068 2004 Survey 1000 835 831 2002 Survey 734 800 676 635 600 432 483 351 400 305 222 122 200 54

0 BBC-1 BBC-2 ITV ITV2 C4 C5 Cable Sky Other None Satellite

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % BBC-1 1241 25.5% 73 1.5% 1168 24.0% 1291 23% BBC-2 835 17.2% 52 1.1% 783 16.1% 831 15% ITV 1068 22.0% 56 1.2% 1012 20.8% 1207 21% ITV2 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 222 4% C4 676 13.9% 49 1.0% 627 12.9% 734 13% C5 351 7.2% 10 0.2% 341 7.0% 432 8% Cable 0.0% 0.0% 305 5% Sky 635 13.1% 28 0.6% 607 12.5% 483 9% Other Satellite 122 2% None 54 1% 1 0% 53 1% (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

61% of respondents do not read about swimming anywhere. Swimming competes with many other interests for public attention and does not enjoy a regular and avid readership in the same way as football, rugby or cricket: Table 37 Where do you read about swimming?

Read About Swimming

1200 1052 1089

1000

800 2004 Survey 600 2002 Survey 400 314 206 138 140 200 61 63 105 64 70 48 48 4 36 0 Press Sunday Sports Other Not sure Not Times about it about Specialist Magazine Magazine Swimming Don't read Don't Daily Press Daily Local press Local Swimming (Swimming)

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2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Don't read about it 1052 60.7% 52 3.0% 999 57.6% 138 8.1% Daily Press 314 18.1% 14 0.8% 300 17.3% 206 12.1% Sunday Press 61 3.5% 6 0.3% 55 3.2% 48 2.8% Specialist Sports Magazine 140 8.1% 10 0.6% 130 7.5% 48 2.8% Swimming Times (Swimming) 63 3.6% 1 0.1% 62 3.6% 105 6.2% Other Swimming Magazine 64 3.7% 0 0.0% 64 3.7% 70 4.1% Local press 4 0.2% 0 0.0% 4 0.2% 1089 63.9% Not sure 36 2.1% 37 2.1% 1734 83 1651 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

6.11 Consumer attitudes towards product offerings

Each respondent was asked what was important to them at a pool and to give a value to a range of pool product offerings. This value was on a five point scale, 5 being very important , 4, important , 3, not too concerned either way , 2, not particularly important and 1, unimportant . The table beneath summarises these values.

Clean toilets (10% of the sum of these values) and well maintained changing rooms (10%), were the most important features in 2004 as in 2002. Criticisms were often made anecdotally with regard to cleanliness, particularly by women completing the survey. Given the high footfall in many pools and the difficulty of maintaining standards in toilets and changing rooms under these circumstances, the management of customer expectations becomes a key factor.

The third most important features were a knowledgeable staff and car parking . Good parking has become increasingly important, especially to those parents bringing children and equipment. Knowledgeable staff was considered to be equally important and is likely to become even more important in the future as pools seek to provide a rounded service to the average pool customer.

Table 38 Which of these is important to you at a swimming pool?

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Cafeteria 4,030 5.6% 287 7.7% 3743 5.5% 252 2.7% Clean Toilets 7,516 10.5% 395 10.6% 7121 10.5% 1213 13.2% Hair Dryer 3,551 5.0% 265 7.1% 3286 4.8% 231 2.5% Well Lit Car Park 5,135 7.2% 257 6.9% 4878 7.2% 806 8.8% Easy to see Pool Depth signs 4,935 6.9% 228 6.1% 4707 6.9% 779 8.5% Lane Swimming for Adults 4,332 6.0% 287 7.7% 4045 6.0% 412 4.5% Well Maintained Changing Facilities 7,053 9.8% 395 10.6% 6658 9.8% 1145 12.5% Knowledgeable & helpful staff 5,776 8.1% 285 7.7% 5491 8.1% 729 7.9% Vending machines 3,398 4.7% 110 3.0% 3288 4.8% 197 2.1% Footbath 3,231 4.5% 134 3.6% 3097 4.6% 443 4.8% Parking facilities 5,683 7.9% 301 8.1% 5382 7.9% 839 9.1% Medical room 4,831 6.7% 219 5.9% 4612 6.8% 840 9.1% Swimming accessory sales 2,696 3.8% 104 2.8% 2592 3.8% 161 1.8% Aquarobics classes 2,625 3.7% 174 4.7% 2451 3.6% 198 2.2% Disabled facilities 3,912 5.5% 153 4.1% 3759 5.5% 667 7.3% Background music 2,905 4.1% 122 3.3% 2783 4.1% 276 3.0% 71,609 3,716 67,893 9,188

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6.12 Other pool user issues

Patterns of swimwear purchase remain much the same as in 2002 with most women opting for a store or multiple. A number of pool users tend not to purchase from a swimming pool due to a lack of choice but they often ‘information-seek’ from a pool prior to purchasing elsewhere:

Table 39 Where do you normally purchase your swimwear?

Purchase of Swimwear

1000 921 900 860

800 771 757

700 2004 Survey 2002 Survey 600

500

400

300

200

93 100 64 22 13 2 0 Sports Retailer Store/Multiple Swimming Pool Club/Educational Catalogue/Internet Institution

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Sports Retailer 771 43.5% 29 1.6% 742 41.9% 757 44% Store/Multiple 921 52.0% 51 2.9% 870 49.1% 860 50% Swimming Pool 64 3.6% 4 0.2% 60 3.4% 93 5% Club/Educational Institution 13 0.7% 1 0.1% 12 0.7% 22 1% Catalogue/Internet 2 0.1% 0 2 0.1% Total 1771 85 1686 1732 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

The achievement of swimming for the first time is the most positive of all experiences that an individual can obtain from swimming as a sport. Once again, the swimming teacher was often responsible for this (48.4% of the cases) and therefore the swimming teacher is the most important emissary for the swimming pool industry:

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Table 40

Who taught you to swim?

Lear nt to Swi m 976 1000 915 900 2004 Survey 800 2002 Survey

700

600

500 363 400 344

300 226 243 224 200 103 65 48 40 100 36 10 0 Swimming School Parent Relative Friend Self Don't know Teacher Teacher

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Swimming Teacher 915 48.4% 38 2.0% 877 46.4% 976 57% School Teacher 226 12.0% 7 0.4% 219 11.6% 243 14%

Parent 363 19.2% 25 1.3% 338 17.9% 344 20% Relative 103 5.5% 3 0.2% 100 5.3% 65 4% Friend 48 2.5% 2 0.1% 46 2.4% 40 2% Self 224 11.9% 15 0.8% 209 11.1% 36 2% Don't know 10 0.5% 0 10 0.5% Total 1889 90 1799 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Respondents found the two questions in connection with badges the most difficult to answer. Many had difficulty both remembering and identifying which badge they had taken in the past. This year, respondents who were uncertain about whether they had been awarded an ASA, RLSS or STA badge were categorised under ‘ don’t know’ .

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Table 41

Have you ever taken a swimming badge and if so, what type of badge?

Swimming Badges Taken

700 620 590 600 550 495 500

400 2004 Survey 300 2002 Survey 199 188 157 175 200 123 120 71 68 100 23 24 35 0

A SS SA e w AS STA yp None RL SA ority t kno h 't hat w cal Aut Don o L mber me re 't n Ca

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % None 590 34.0% 36 2.1% 554 31.9% 620 36% RLSS 71 4.1% 1 0.1% 70 4.0% 123 7% SASA 23 1.3% 0 23 1.3% 24 1% ASA 157 9.1% 4 0.2% 153 8.8% 495 29% STA 35 2.0% 0 35 2.0% 68 4% Local Authority 120 6.9% 0 120 6.9% 175 10% Can't remember type 550 31.7% 31 1.8% 519 29.9% 199 12% Don't know 188 10.8% 11 0.6% 177 10.2% Total 1734 83 1651 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

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Table 42 Is any member of your family currently taking a badge?

Family Member Badges

900 820 800 770

700

600

500 468 2004 Survey 2002 Survey 400 368 322 300 272

200 157

100 74 59 39 37 12 11 11 18 0 None RLSS SASA ASA STA Local Can't Don't know Authority remember what type

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % None 820 47.3% 51 2.9% 769 44.3% 770 45.2% RLSS 12 0.7% 0 0.0% 12 0.7% 39 2.3% SASA 11 0.6% 0 0.0% 11 0.6% 11 0.6% ASA 74 4.3% 2 0.1% 72 4.2% 368 21.6% STA 18 1.0% 0 0.0% 18 1.0% 37 2.2% Local Authority 59 3.4% 1 0.1% 58 3.3% 157 9.2% Can't remember what type 272 15.7% 8 0.5% 264 15.2% 322 18.9% Don't know 468 27.0% 21 1.2% 447 25.8% 0.0% Total 1734 83 1651 1704 (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

The proportion of pool user respondents who also took part in gym work and/or aerobics dropped in 2004. In the case of gym work, this was from 18% to 14.4%, and in aerobics, the decrease was from 12% to 7.1%. Nevertheless, the survey was comprised of 63% women and both gym work and aerobics are amongst the most popular activities with women.

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Table 43 Do you take part in any of these indoor sports?

Indoor Sports

900 834

800

700

600 539

500 2004 Survey 400 332301 2002 Survey 258 300 163201 162 169 200 99 97 120 86 87 86 66 57 49 53 48 87 66 100 22 31

ll g ll nis ash tball yba ba qu Ten Work rainin oot None S polining t F Aerobics aske adminton ym artial Arts B ble B Volle m ess or a G n M T Tra it F Indo

2004 2004 Private Public 2002 2004 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Squash 86 3.7% 3 0.1% 83 3.6% 87 5.1% Aerobics 163 7.1% 19 0.8% 144 6.2% 201 11.8%

Basketball 86 3.7% 1 0.0% 85 3.7% 66 3.9% Table Tennis 57 2.5% 0 57 2.5% 49 2.9% Badminton 162 7.0% 11 0.5% 151 6.5% 99 5.8% Gym Work 332 14.4% 41 1.8% 291 12.6% 301 17.7% Volleyball 22 1.0% 1 0.0% 21 0.9% 31 1.8% Trampolining 53 2.3% 0 53 2.3% 48 2.8% Fitness training 258 11.2% 28 1.2% 230 10.0% 97 5.7% Indoor Football 169 7.3% 2 0.1% 167 7.2% 120 7.0% Martial Arts 87 3.8% 0 87 3.8% 66 3.9% None 834 36.1% 20 0.9% 814 35.3% 539 31.6% (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

6.13 Value for customers

Although the majority of respondents felt they were obtaining good value for their admission fee, the proportion of those who felt they did not obtain good value or were not sure remained at more than 20% of those surveyed.

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Table 44 Overall, do you feel that you get good value from your admission fee?

Value For Money

1600 1380 1400 1332

1200

1000 2004 Survey 800 2002 Survey 600

400 246 164 190 200 126

0 Yes No Don't Know

2004 2004 2004 Private Public 2002 Survey % sector % sector % Survey % Yes 1380 79.6% 64 3.7% 1316 75.9% 1332 78% No 164 9.5% 11 0.6% 153 8.8% 126 7% Don't Know 190 11.0% 9 0.5% 182 10.5% 246 14% (Base: 1734, HNI 2004)

Business of Swimming-______Page 47

7. The Supply Framework

7.1 Indoor pools and centres

Exact numbers of swimming pools are difficult to quantify. HNI endeavours to keep as accurate a record as possible. However, school pools are closing at the rate of about 10% a year as many schools find they have insufficient budget to justify heating outdoor pools that are only used for perhaps 10 weeks of the year.

By way of contrast, hotel and leisure pools are on the increase. University pools are also now making their pools available to people in the local community at a charge.

The tables beneath give a synopsis on a local authority by local authority basis of the following :

The estimated number of public pools

The estimated number of health club pools

The estimated number of hotel pools

The estimated number of school pools

The estimated number of private pools

The number of public pools per head of population within that local authority

The number of school pools per head of population within that local authority

The area of that local authority per pool

In the case of Wales, we have not included school pools and the list of school pools in Scotland is incomplete. All other categories have been completed although some school pools may have been closed during the period of preparing this report:

Business of Swimming-______Page 48

Each Public Pool All Pools Hectares Health Area (in Per Head of Per Head of Per Public Table 45 Public Club Hotel School Private Total Population Hectares) Population Population Pool LONDON Corporation of London 3 1 1 2 7 7,200 314 1,029

INNER LONDON Camden 7 5 5 8 2 27 204,400 2,173 29,200 7,570 310.43 Greenwich 6 1 5 12 215,000 5,022 35,833 17,917 837.00 Hackney 3 1 5 9 202,800 1,900 67,600 22,533 633.33 Hammersmith & Fulham 2 2 4 3 11 165,200 1,617 82,600 15,018 808.50 Islington 6 2 5 13 178,000 1,481 29,667 13,692 246.83 Kensington & Chelsea 2 2 9 2 2 17 159,200 1,239 79,600 9,365 619.50 Lambeth 4 5 1 10 266,200 2,727 66,550 26,620 681.75 Lewisham 3 3 6 250,000 3,521 83,333 41,667 1,173.67 Southwark 5 1 1 10 3 20 245,400 2,980 49,080 12,270 596.00 Tower Hamlets 3 1 7 11 196,600 2,151 65,533 17,873 717.00 Wandsworth 5 1 17 3 26 263,600 3,511 52,720 10,138 702.20 Westminster 2 8 18 4 4 36 181,700 2,196 90,850 5,047 1,098.00

OUTER LONDON Barking & Dagenham 3 6 9 164,300 3,766 54,767 18,256 1,255.33 Barnet 8 1 1 18 3 31 314,600 8,646 39,325 10,148 1,080.75 Bexley 3 1 1 4 9 218,800 6,405 72,933 24,311 2,135.00 Brent 3 5 8 264,500 4,310 88,167 33,063 1,436.67 Bromley 6 1 19 2 28 296,200 14,966 49,367 10,579 2,494.33 Croydon 4 1 4 14 23 331,700 8,625 82,925 14,422 2,156.25 Ealing 5 1 1 2 9 301,600 5,536 60,320 33,511 1,107.20 Enfield 4 4 8 274,300 8,194 68,575 34,288 2,048.50 Haringey 2 7 1 10 221,900 2,949 110,950 22,190 1,474.50 Harrow 2 1 8 11 208,000 5,031 104,000 18,909 2,515.50 Havering 4 13 17 224,700 11,408 56,175 13,218 2,852.00 Hillingdon 4 2 7 11 24 242,400 11,240 60,600 10,100 2,810.00 Hounslow 6 1 1 1 9 212,300 5,642 35,383 23,589 940.33 Kingston-upon-Thames 2 1 14 17 147,600 3,737 73,800 8,682 1,868.50 Merton 3 1 4 8 187,900 3,747 62,633 23,488 1,249.00 Newham 4 1 2 7 245,500 3,852 61,375 35,071 963.00 Redbridge 2 3 8 13 238,600 5,620 119,300 18,354 2,810.00 Richmond-upon-Thames 4 1 1 13 2 21 172,800 5,855 43,200 8,229 1,463.75 Sutton 2 2 12 2 18 178,700 4,368 89,350 9,928 2,184.00 Waltham Forest 3 5 8 218,300 3,872 72,767 27,288 1,290.67

METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS

GREATER MANCHESTER Bolton 6 2 5 4 17 267,600 13,935 44,600 15,741 2,322.50 Bury 3 2 2 7 180,600 9,916 60,200 25,800 3,305.33 Manchester 12 3 16 17 3 51 443,700 11,528 36,975 8,700 960.67 Oldham 8 1 3 12 217,400 14,112 27,175 18,117 1,764.00 Rochdale 5 1 2 8 205,200 15,976 41,040 25,650 3,195.20 Salford 6 2 1 9 215,900 9,723 35,983 23,989 1,620.50 Stockport 7 1 1 3 12 287,400 12,565 41,057 23,950 1,795.00 Tameside 6 1 7 213,100 10,285 35,517 30,443 1,714.17 Trafford 5 2 7 210,200 10,570 42,040 30,029 2,114.00 Wigan 6 1 3 1 11 312,000 18,758 52,000 28,364 3,126.33

MERSEYSIDE Knowsley 6 3 9 150,500 8,651 25,083 16,722 1,441.83 Liverpool 12 5 23 2 42 439,200 11,114 36,600 10,457 926.17 St Helens 3 3 3 9 176,800 13,594 58,933 19,644 4,531.33 Sefton 4 4 7 1 16 283,000 15,054 70,750 17,688 3,763.50 Wirral 7 1 1 7 16 327,400 15,664 46,771 20,463 2,237.71

SOUTH YORKSHIRE Barnsley 5 1 2 8 218,100 32,863 43,620 27,263 6,572.60 Doncaster 10 1 8 19 286,900 56,671 28,690 15,100 5,667.10 Rotherham 11 1 10 22 246,900 28,560 22,445 11,223 2,596.36 Sheffield 11 5 6 1 23 512,000 36,676 46,545 22,261 3,334.18

TYNE & WEAR Gateshead 6 1 3 4 14 191,200 14,357 31,867 13,657 2,392.83

Business of Swimming-______Page 49

Each Public Pool All Pools Hectares Health Area (in Per Head of Per Head of Per Public Public Club Hotel School Private Total Population Hectares) Population Population Pool Newcastle upon Tyne 9 2 8 8 27 263,000 11,470 29,222 9,741 1,274.44 North Tyneside 4 1 7 12 191,700 8,377 47,925 15,975 2,094.25 South Tyneside 2 1 12 15 152,800 6,590 76,400 10,187 3,295.00 Sunderland 4 1 3 13 1 22 278,500 13,864 69,625 12,659 3,466.00

WEST MIDLANDS Birmingham 17 3 16 24 2 62 976,400 26,710 57,435 15,748 1,571.18 Coventry 3 1 6 14 2 26 300,800 9,654 100,267 11,569 3,218.00 Dudley 5 2 2 6 2 17 305,100 9,777 61,020 17,947 1,955.40 Sandwell 6 4 10 282,800 8,532 47,133 28,280 1,422.00 Solihull 2 3 3 7 15 199,600 17,776 99,800 13,307 8,888.00 Walsall 9 3 30 42 253,300 10,364 28,144 6,031 1,151.56 Wolverhampton 5 3 18 26 236,600 6,945 47,320 9,100 1,389.00

WEST YORKSHIRE Bradford 13 1 7 17 1 39 467,900 36,522 35,992 11,997 2,809.38 Calderdale 6 9 15 193,000 36,275 32,167 12,867 6,045.83 Kirklees 9 1 2 5 1 18 388,900 40,727 43,211 21,606 4,525.22 Leeds 17 1 11 11 40 717,500 54,990 42,206 17,938 3,234.71 Wakefield 8 1 7 16 315,400 33,750 39,425 19,713 4,218.75

UNITARY AUTHORITIES

Bath & North East Somerset 7 8 11 1 27 169,000 35,112 24,143 6,259 5,016.00 Blackburn with Darwen 6 3 9 137,500 13,656 22,917 15,278 2,276.00 Blackpool 3 8 3 1 15 142,300 3,490 47,433 9,487 1,163.33 Bournemouth 4 3 18 7 32 163,600 4,681 40,900 5,113 1,170.25 Bracknell Forest 2 1 4 7 14 113,500 10,906 56,750 8,107 5,453.00 Brighton & Hove 3 4 6 18 31 247,800 8,473 82,600 7,994 2,824.33 Bristol 9 3 11 13 2 38 393,400 11,033 43,711 10,353 1,225.89 Darlington 1 4 5 10 97,800 19,840 97,800 9,780 19,840.00 Derby 3 2 2 3 10 221,700 7,803 73,900 22,170 2,601.00 East Riding of Yorkshire 10 2 13 25 318,900 241,617 31,890 12,756 24,161.70 Halton 3 2 4 2 11 117,000 7,888 39,000 10,636 2,629.33 Hartlepool 1 9 10 88,600 9,441 88,600 8,860 9,441.00 Herefordshire 4 1 3 12 20 174,900 217,330 43,725 8,745 54,332.50 Isle of Wight 4 18 22 132,700 38,014 33,175 6,032 9,503.50 Kingston-upon-Hull 5 2 6 2 15 239,000 7,132 47,800 15,933 1,426.40 Leicester 6 2 3 13 24 279,800 7,309 46,633 11,658 1,218.17 Luton 4 6 1 11 182,000 4,322 45,500 16,545 1,080.50 Medway 5 1 6 12 249,500 19,437 49,900 20,792 3,887.40 Middlesbrough 3 1 3 7 139,500 5,437 46,500 19,929 1,812.33 Milton Keynes 9 1 3 13 26 212,600 30,770 23,622 8,177 3,418.89 North East Lincolnshire 4 2 11 1 18 158,000 19,096 39,500 8,778 4,774.00 North Lincolnshire 6 1 5 12 153,000 84,633 25,500 12,750 14,105.50 North Somerset 5 4 9 18 188,600 37,213 37,720 10,478 7,442.60 Nottingham 11 2 8 4 25 267,000 7,437 24,273 10,680 676.09 Peterborough 3 3 27 1 34 156,500 33,184 52,167 4,603 11,061.33 Plymouth 8 1 6 18 33 241,000 8,220 30,125 7,303 1,027.50 Poole 3 1 2 7 13 138,400 6,709 46,133 10,646 2,236.33 Portsmouth 4 2 5 9 1 21 190,300 3,989 47,575 9,062 997.25 Reading 6 2 5 11 24 148,000 4,028 24,667 6,167 671.33 Redcar & Cleveland 5 1 2 8 139,100 24,050 27,820 17,388 4,810.00 Rutland 2 7 9 34,600 39,367 3,844 Slough 3 4 4 11 119,100 3,252 39,700 10,827 1,084.00 South Gloucestershire 4 2 2 6 1 15 249,800 49,568 62,450 16,653 12,392.00 Southampton 4 5 16 1 26 217,600 5,623 54,400 8,369 1,405.75 Southend-on-Sea 3 1 14 18 160,400 4,096 53,467 8,911 1,365.33 Stockton-on-Tees 4 2 2 6 14 178,400 20,020 44,600 12,743 5,005.00 Stoke-on-Trent 6 1 2 15 24 240,600 9,345 40,100 10,025 1,557.50 Swindon 5 2 6 4 17 182,000 22,945 36,400 10,706 4,589.00 Telford & Wrekin 4 4 4 1 13 161,500 28,943 40,375 12,423 7,235.75 Thurrock 3 3 6 143,000 16,286 47,667 23,833 5,428.67 Torbay 5 18 11 34 129,700 6,268 25,940 3,815 1,253.60 Warrington 6 1 4 6 1 18 192,200 18,179 32,033 10,678 3,029.83 West Berkshire 5 1 10 17 33 144,300 70,220 28,860 4,373 14,044.00 Windsor & Maidenhead 3 5 27 1 36 136,900 19,786 45,633 3,803 6,595.33 Wokingham 2 2 1 13 1 19 150,400 17,844 75,200 7,916 8,922.00

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Each Public Pool Per Head All Pools Hectares Health Area (in of Per Head of Per Public Public Club Hotel School Private Total Population Hectares) Population Population Pool East Dorset 2 1 6 9 84,000 35,344 42,000 9,333 17,672.00 North Dorset 3 1 12 16 62,000 60,762 20,667 3,875 20,254.00 Purbeck 2 3 4 1 10 44,400 40,662 22,200 4,440 20,331.00 West Dorset 3 6 18 27 93,000 108,339 31,000 3,444 36,113.00 Weymouth & Portland 1 4 4 1 10 63,700 4,159 63,700 6,370 4,159.00

DURHAM Chester-le-Street 2 1 3 53,000 6,742 26,500 17,667 3,371.00 Derwentside 2 3 5 85,100 27,084 42,550 17,020 13,542.00 Durham City 1 3 5 2 11 87,700 18,700 87,700 7,973 18,700.00 Easington 2 4 6 94,000 14,320 47,000 15,667 7,160.00 Sedgefield 2 1 5 8 87,200 21,700 43,600 10,900 10,850.00 Teesdale 1 1 3 5 24,500 84,000 24,500 4,900 84,000.00 Wear Valley 3 1 4 8 61,300 50,507 20,433 7,663 16,835.67

EAST SUSSEX Eastbourne 2 1 3 6 2 14 91,000 4,411 45,500 6,500 2,205.50 Hastings 1 1 3 7 1 13 86,000 2,964 86,000 6,615 2,964.00 Lewes 4 2 7 1 14 92,800 29,212 23,200 6,629 7,303.00 Rother 2 7 16 25 85,400 51,048 42,700 3,416 25,524.00 Wealden 3 7 29 39 141,500 83,251 47,167 3,628 27,750.33

ESSEX Basildon 4 1 12 17 165,700 11,007 41,425 9,747 2,751.75 Braintree 3 5 8 132,200 61,171 44,067 16,525 20,390.33 Brentwood 2 1 9 12 68,400 15,315 34,200 5,700 7,657.50 Castle Point 2 10 12 86,600 4,695 43,300 7,217 2,347.50 Chelmsford 2 3 23 1 29 157,100 34,113 78,550 5,417 17,056.50 Colchester 2 4 25 31 155,800 33,429 77,900 5,026 16,714.50 Epping Forest 3 1 1 9 14 120,900 34,021 40,300 8,636 11,340.33 Harlow 1 3 8 12 78,900 3,018 78,900 6,575 3,018.00 Maldon 2 1 10 13 59,700 36,246 29,850 4,592 18,123.00 Rochford 1 14 15 78,700 17,207 78,700 5,247 17,207.00 Tendring 4 1 4 9 142,300 33,548 35,575 15,811 8,387.00 Uttlesford 2 1 8 11 69,000 63,897 34,500 6,273 31,948.50

GLOUCESTERSHIRE Cheltenham 2 4 8 14 106,500 4,650 53,250 7,607 2,325.00 Cotswold 3 1 4 5 1 14 80,400 114,332 26,800 5,743 38,110.67 Forest of Dean 4 5 9 80,000 52,658 20,000 8,889 13,164.50 Gloucester 4 7 10 21 110,000 4,070 27,500 5,238 1,017.50 Stroud 2 1 1 5 9 107,900 45,318 53,950 11,989 22,659.00 Tewkesbury 3 3 6 76,400 41,441 25,467 12,733 13,813.67

HAMPSHIRE Basingstoke & Deane 3 1 5 13 22 155,700 63,205 51,900 7,077 21,068.33 East Hampshire 3 1 2 11 1 18 109,400 51,301 36,467 6,078 17,100.33 Eastleigh 2 1 6 9 116,700 8,065 58,350 12,967 4,032.50 Fareham 1 1 3 4 9 109,500 7,436 109,500 12,167 7,436.00 Gosport 1 1 8 10 76,400 2,575 76,400 7,640 2,575.00 Hart 1 2 3 1 7 83,500 21,524 83,500 11,929 21,524.00 Havant 2 2 14 18 116,900 5,533 58,450 6,494 2,766.50 New Forest 8 2 14 15 39 172,400 76,381 21,550 4,421 9,547.63 Rushmoor 3 1 1 5 91,000 3,893 30,333 18,200 1,297.67 Test Valley 2 6 8 113,300 62,592 56,650 14,163 31,296.00 Winchester 1 3 7 1 12 106,300 65,928 106,300 8,858 65,928.00

HERTFORDSHIRE Broxbourne 4 1 16 21 90,500 5,127 22,625 4,310 1,281.75 Dacorum 4 2 13 2 21 137,800 21,020 34,450 6,562 5,255.00 East Hertfordshire 6 4 28 38 129,100 47,412 21,517 3,397 7,902.00 Hertsmere 3 2 2 5 12 94,500 9,800 31,500 7,875 3,266.67 North Hertfordshire 4 18 22 117,000 37,416 29,250 5,318 9,354.00 St Albans 3 1 2 12 18 131,200 16,061 43,733 7,289 5,353.67 Stevenage 1 1 2 3 7 79,800 2,588 79,800 11,400 2,588.00 Three Rivers 2 13 15 82,800 8,733 41,400 5,520 4,366.50 Watford 2 1 2 10 15 79,700 2,136 39,850 5,313 1,068.00

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Each Public Pool All Pools Per Head Per Head Hectares Health Area (in of of Per Public Public Club Hotel School Private Total Population Hectares) Population Population Pool Welwyn Hatfield 2 11 13 92,400 12,914 46,200 7,108 6,457.00

KENT Ashford 2 2 7 11 102,700 58,054 51,350 9,336 29,027.00 Canterbury 3 2 11 16 135,400 30,808 45,133 8,463 10,269.33 Dartford 1 5 5 11 85,900 7,300 85,900 7,809 7,300.00 Dover 2 3 5 109,000 31,399 54,500 21,800 15,699.50 Gravesham 2 1 7 10 93,600 9,876 46,800 9,360 4,938.00 Maidstone 2 1 4 12 19 141,000 39,198 70,500 7,421 19,599.00 Sevenoaks 3 1 3 11 18 109,300 36,843 36,433 6,072 12,281.00 Shepway 2 2 4 96,200 35,557 48,100 24,050 17,778.50 Swale 3 2 5 10 122,800 37,387 40,933 12,280 12,462.33 Thanet 2 1 8 11 127,000 10,316 63,500 11,545 5,158.00 Tonbridge & Malling 4 1 1 4 10 107,600 24,017 26,900 10,760 6,004.25 Tunbridge Wells 1 1 3 10 15 104,100 33,023 104,100 6,940 33,023.00

LANCASHIRE Burnley 3 1 4 89,500 11,073 29,833 22,375 3,691.00 Chorley 3 1 1 5 100,400 20,400 33,467 20,080 6,800.00 Fylde 2 4 6 73,200 16,501 36,600 12,200 8,250.50 Hyndburn 2 1 3 81,500 7,315 40,750 27,167 3,657.50 Lancaster 4 5 6 2 17 135,000 57,895 33,750 7,941 14,473.75 Pendle 3 1 4 89,300 16,952 29,767 22,325 5,650.67 Preston 1 4 4 4 13 133,800 14,247 133,800 10,292 14,247.00 Ribble Valley 1 1 1 3 52,900 58,253 52,900 17,633 58,253.00 Rossendale 4 2 6 65,700 13,811 16,425 10,950 3,452.75 South Ribble 3 2 1 6 103,900 11,296 34,633 17,317 3,765.33 West Lancashire 2 1 5 8 108,400 34,688 54,200 13,550 17,344.00 Wyre 6 2 1 9 106,000 28,391 17,667 11,778 4,731.83

LEICESTERSHIRE Blaby 1 1 2 3 7 91,000 13,007 91,000 13,000 13,007.00 Charnwood 3 4 14 21 153,500 27,930 51,167 7,310 9,310.00 Harborough 2 2 4 80,200 59,087 40,100 20,050 29,543.50 Hinckley & Bosworth 1 1 2 6 10 100,200 29,644 100,200 10,020 29,644.00 Melton 2 1 1 1 5 47,900 48,165 23,950 9,580 24,082.50 North West Leicestershire 3 1 5 9 85,500 27,933 28,500 9,500 9,311.00 Oadby & Wigston 2 1 2 5 55,800 2,345 27,900 11,160 1,172.50 7 7 LINCOLNSHIRE Boston 1 1 2 55,800 36,244 55,800 27,900 36,244.00 East Lindsey 5 3 6 14 130,500 175,455 26,100 9,321 35,091.00 Lincoln 2 2 5 9 85,600 3,571 42,800 9,511 1,785.50 North Kesteven 2 1 1 4 94,400 91,933 47,200 23,600 45,966.50 South Holland 1 5 6 76,500 74,237 76,500 12,750 74,237.00 South Kesteven 5 2 4 11 124,900 93,948 24,980 11,355 18,789.60 West Lindsey 1 3 1 5 79,500 115,357 79,500 15,900 115,357.00

NORFOLK Breckland 2 2 10 14 121,400 130,002 60,700 8,671 65,001.00 Broadland 2 2 7 11 118,500 55,079 59,250 10,773 27,539.50 Great Yarmouth 4 1 6 3 14 91,000 18,128 22,750 6,500 4,532.00 Kings Lynn & West Norfolk 3 5 10 1 19 135,600 143,347 45,200 7,137 47,782.33 North Norfolk 2 5 8 15 98,500 96,463 49,250 6,567 48,231.50 Norwich 2 12 11 1 26 128,200 4,039 64,100 4,931 2,019.50 South Norfolk 5 1 14 20 111,900 90,514 22,380 5,595 18,102.80

NORTH YORKSHIRE Craven 3 2 5 10 53,600 117,487 17,867 5,360 39,162.33 Hambleton 4 4 8 84,500 130,674 21,125 10,563 32,668.50 Harrogate 5 9 9 23 48,000 131,418 9,600 2,087 26,283.60 Richmondshire 1 1 1 1 4 47,000 131,718 47,000 11,750 131,718.00 Ryedale 3 3 5 11 154,000 130,471 51,333 14,000 43,490.33 Scarborough 3 11 7 21 50,900 150,117 16,967 2,424 50,039.00 Selby 3 1 8 12 76,500 59,985 25,500 6,375 19,995.00 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE Corby 1 1 1 3 53,200 8,028 53,200 17,733 8,028.00 Daventry 2 5 5 12 72,100 66,358 36,050 6,008 33,179.00

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Each Public Pool Per Head All Pools Hectares Health Area (in of Per Head of Per Public Public Club Hotel School Private Total Population Hectares) Population Population Pool East Northamptonshire 1 1 76,500 50,979 76,500 76,500 50,979.00 Kettering 2 1 7 10 82,600 23,276 41,300 8,260 11,638.00 Northampton 3 4 15 22 194,500 8,051 64,833 8,841 2,683.67 South Northamptonshire 2 5 7 79,300 63,156 39,650 11,329 31,578.00 Wellingborough 3 7 10 72,500 16,315 24,167 7,250 5,438.33

NORTHUMBERLAND Alnwick 2 1 3 31,000 108,012 15,500 10,333 54,006.00 Berwick-upon-Tweed 2 4 2 8 25,900 96,950 12,950 3,238 48,475.00 Blyth Valley 2 2 4 81,300 7,086 40,650 20,325 3,543.00 Castle Morpeth 2 1 1 4 58,800 222,096 29,400 14,700 111,048.00 Tynedale 3 3 6 58,000 221,143 19,333 9,667 73,714.33 Wansbeck 1 2 3 61,700 6,784 61,700 20,567 6,784.00

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE Ashfield 3 3 6 111,600 10,921 37,200 18,600 3,640.33 Bassetlaw 3 2 5 107,100 63,739 35,700 21,420 21,246.33 Broxtowe 2 2 4 107,000 7,985 53,500 26,750 3,992.50 Gedling 3 3 111,800 11,960 37,267 37,267 3,986.67 Mansfield 3 1 4 98,100 7,692 32,700 24,525 2,564.00 Newark & Sherwood 4 2 6 106,300 64,970 26,575 17,717 16,242.50 Rushcliffe 5 2 7 106,200 40,794 21,240 15,171 8,158.80

OXFORDSHIRE Cherwell 5 5 10 131,800 58,983 26,360 13,180 11,796.60 Oxford 5 1 5 9 20 134,200 4,560 26,840 6,710 912.00 South Oxfordshire 4 2 8 14 128,200 65,521 32,050 9,157 16,380.25 Vale of White Horse 6 21 27 114,000 57,701 19,000 4,222 9,616.83 West Oxfordshire 3 5 8 16 95,600 71,236 31,867 5,975 23,745.33

SHROPSHIRE Bridgnorth 3 1 1 4 9 53,000 63,127 17,667 5,889 21,042.33 North Shropshire 4 1 3 8 57,100 67,922 14,275 7,138 16,980.50 Oswestry 1 1 4 1 7 37,300 25,619 37,300 5,329 25,619.00 Shrewsbury & Atcham 1 1 2 4 8 95,900 59,977 95,900 11,988 59,977.00 South Shropshire 2 1 4 7 40,400 102,756 20,200 5,771 51,378.00

SOMERSET Mendip 5 5 12 22 103,900 73,882 20,780 4,723 14,776.40 Sedgemoor 2 6 11 19 106,500 56,478 53,250 5,605 28,239.00 South Somerset 4 1 23 1 29 102,300 46,120 25,575 3,528 11,530.00 Taunton Deane 3 2 17 22 102,300 46,242 34,100 4,650 15,414.00 West Somerset 2 5 8 15 35,100 72,720 17,550 2,340 36,360.00

STAFFORDSHIRE Cannock Chase 3 8 11 92,100 7,800 30,700 8,373 2,600.00 East Staffordshire 2 1 6 9 103,900 38,881 51,950 11,544 19,440.50 Lichfield 2 4 6 93,200 33,029 46,600 15,533 16,514.50 Newcastle-under-Lyme 2 1 5 8 122,000 21,109 61,000 15,250 10,554.50 South Staffordshire 3 4 7 106,000 40,599 35,333 15,143 13,533.00 Stafford 2 3 4 9 120,700 59,705 60,350 13,411 29,852.50 Staffordshire Moorlands 3 3 6 94,500 57,406 31,500 15,750 19,135.33 Tamworth 4 1 2 7 75,800 3,075 18,950 10,829 768.75

SUFFOLK Babergh 2 1 15 18 84,300 60,977 42,150 4,683 30,488.50 Forest Heath 2 1 9 12 55,600 37,632 27,800 4,633 18,816.00 Ipswich 2 1 5 24 32 117,100 4,014 58,550 3,659 2,007.00 Mid Suffolk 1 17 18 89,000 86,762 89,000 4,944 86,762.00 St Edmundsbury 2 3 26 31 99,000 65,451 49,500 3,194 32,725.50 Suffolk Coastal 3 4 34 41 115,800 90,905 38,600 2,824 30,301.67 Waveney 2 3 20 25 113,000 37,281 56,500 4,520 18,640.50

SURREY Elmbridge 2 1 1 15 1 20 122,000 9,589 61,000 6,100 4,794.50 Epsom & Ewell 2 7 9 67,100 3,411 33,550 7,456 1,705.50 Guildford 2 2 2 12 18 130,200 27,014 65,100 7,233 13,507.00 Mole Valley 2 4 13 19 80,300 25,851 40,150 4,226 12,925.50

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Each All Pools Public Pool Per Head Hectares Health Area (in Per Head of of Per Public Public Club Hotel School Private Total Population Hectares) Population Population Pool Reigate & Banstead 3 1 15 1 20 126,700 12,873 42,233 6,335 4,291.00 Runnymede 1 3 17 21 78,000 7,771 3,714 Spelthorne 2 2 5 9 90,900 5,102 45,450 10,100 2,551.00 Surrey Heath 1 1 15 17 81,400 9,481 81,400 4,788 9,481.00 Tandridge 1 1 18 20 79,500 24,741 79,500 3,975 24,741.00 Waverley 4 1 3 24 32 115,800 34,417 28,950 3,619 8,604.25 Woking 1 2 1 21 25 89,800 6,340 89,800 3,592 6,340.00

WARWICKSHIRE North Warwickshire 1 2 3 6 61,900 28,341 61,900 10,317 28,341.00 Nuneaton & Bedworth 2 2 2 6 119,100 7,927 59,550 19,850 3,963.50 Rugby 1 2 3 6 87,500 35,252 87,500 14,583 35,252.00 Stratford-on-Avon 3 6 7 16 111,500 97,500 37,167 6,969 32,500.00 Warwick 3 2 4 16 25 127,100 28,205 42,367 5,084 9,401.67

WEST SUSSEX Adur 1 1 5 7 59,700 4,268 59,700 8,529 4,268.00 Arun 2 1 3 11 17 145,600 22,124 72,800 8,565 11,062.00 Chichester 1 1 5 13 1 21 114,600 79,481 114,600 5,457 79,481.00 Crawley 2 9 14 25 99,800 4,483 49,900 3,992 2,241.50 Horsham 2 2 18 22 122,300 52,938 61,150 5,559 26,469.00 Mid Sussex 4 1 2 12 19 127,400 33,300 31,850 6,705 8,325.00 Worthing 1 5 6 97,500 3,244 97,500 16,250 3,244.00

WILTSHIRE Kennet 3 7 10 74,900 96,405 24,967 7,490 32,135.00 North Wiltshire 6 7 17 1 31 125,400 76,588 20,900 4,045 12,764.67 Salisbury 2 15 17 114,600 100,411 57,300 6,741 50,205.50 West Wiltshire 5 5 14 24 119,000 51,552 23,800 4,958 10,310.40

WORCESTERSHIRE Bromsgrove 1 1 2 2 6 87,800 21,714 87,800 14,633 21,714.00 Malvern Hills 2 6 8 72,200 57,710 36,100 9,025 28,855.00 Redditch 2 2 4 78,800 5,434 39,400 19,700 2,717.00 Worcester 2 2 4 93,400 3,327 46,700 23,350 1,663.50 Wychavon 4 1 7 1 13 112,900 66,612 28,225 8,685 16,653.00 Wyre Forest 2 3 5 10 96,900 19,483 48,450 9,690 9,741.50

SUB TOTAL ENGLAND 1215 179 980 2816 110 5,300 49,631,900 13,327,041

WALES

Blaenau Gwent 4 2 TBC 6 70,100 10,900 17,525 11,683 2,725.00 Bridgend 8 TBC 8 128,700 28,500 16,088 16,088 3,562.50 Caerphilly 5 TBC 1 6 170,800 27,635 34,160 28,467 5,527.00 Cardiff 8 2 12 TBC 1 23 305,300 13,900 38,163 13,274 1,737.50 Carmarthenshire 7 3 TBC 10 173,600 239,026 24,800 17,360 34,146.57 Ceredigion 5 5 TBC 1 11 76,200 179,169 15,240 6,927 35,833.80 Conwy 4 8 TBC 12 112,700 113,053 28,175 9,392 28,263.25 Denbighshire 6 3 TBC 9 92,900 84,171 15,483 10,322 14,028.50 Flintshire 5 1 TBC 6 148,600 43,709 29,720 24,767 8,741.80 Gwynedd 8 11 TBC 19 116,800 254,859 14,600 6,147 31,857.38 Isle of Anglesey 3 1 TBC 4 66,500 71,790 22,167 16,625 23,930.00 Merthyr Tydfil 3 TBC 3 55,000 11,076 18,333 18,333 3,692.00 Monmouthshire 4 2 1 7 87,400 84,897 21,850 12,486 21,224.25 Neath Port Talbot 6 1 2 9 134,400 44,165 22,400 14,933 7,360.83 Newport 5 3 TBC 8 138,000 19,273 27,600 17,250 3,854.60 Pembrokeshire 9 1 11 TBC 21 114,700 159,362 12,744 5,462 17,706.89 Powys 15 3 TBC 18 126,800 517,983 8,453 7,044 34,532.20 Rhondda Cynon Taff 11 2 TBC 13 232,000 44,000 21,091 17,846 4,000.00 Swansea 11 5 TBC 1 17 223,300 37,791 20,300 13,135 3,435.55 Torfaen 5 1 TBC 6 90,500 12,590 18,100 15,083 2,518.00 Vale of Glamorgan 4 1 1 1 7 119,300 33,097 29,825 17,043 8,274.25 Wrexham 6 1 1 TBC 8 128,000 49,710 21,333 16,000 8,285.00

SUB-TOTAL WALES 142 4 76 4 5 231 2,911,600 2,080,656

Business of Swimming-______Page 54

Each Public Pool Per Head All Pools Hectares Health Area (in of Per Head of Per Public Public Club Hotel School Private Total Population Hectares) Population Population Pool SCOTLAND

Aberdeen City 6 9 3 18 212,125 18,447 35,354 11,785 3,074.50 Aberdeenshire 8 1 3 12 226,871 628,883 28,359 18,906 78,610.38 Angus 4 3 2 9 108,400 218,396 27,100 12,044 54,599.00 Argyll & Bute 6 5 11 91,306 693,500 15,218 8,301 115,583.33 Borders 7 1 4 2 14 106,764 472,749 15,252 7,626 67,535.57 City of Edinburgh 3 2 17 4 26 448,624 26,001 149,541 17,255 8,667.00 City of Glasgow 19 1 8 1 29 577,869 17,735 30,414 19,927 933.42 Clackmannanshire 1 2 3 48,077 15,700 48,077 16,026 15,700.00 Dumfries & Galloway 3 1 4 1 9 147,765 2,469 49,255 16,418 823.00 Dundee City 2 4 1 7 145,663 5,500 72,832 20,809 2,750.00 East Ayrshire 4 1 5 120,235 127,527 30,059 24,047 31,881.75 East Dunbartonshire 3 1 4 108,243 20,172 36,081 27,061 6,724.00 East Lothian 4 2 6 90,088 66,558 22,522 15,015 16,639.50 East Renfrewshire 3 3 89,311 16,802 29,770 29,770 5,600.67 Falkirk 4 1 1 6 145,191 29,300 36,298 24,199 7,325.00 Fife 13 3 2 18 349,429 130,709 26,879 19,413 10,054.54 Highlands 18 1 12 2 33 208,914 2,610,000 11,606 6,331 145,000.00 Inverclyde 3 2 5 84,203 16,724 28,068 16,841 5,574.67 Midlothian 10 1 5 16 80,941 35,527 8,094 5,059 3,552.70 Moray 7 1 8 86,940 223,694 12,420 10,868 31,956.29 North Ayrshire 4 4 8 135,817 88,755 33,954 16,977 22,188.75 North Lanarkshire 8 4 12 321,067 47,358 40,133 26,756 5,919.75 Orkney Islands 6 6 19,245 102,498 3,208 3,208 17,083.00 Perth & Kinross 5 2 13 1 21 134,949 540,600 26,990 6,426 108,120.00 Renfrewshire 4 1 4 9 172,867 29,957 43,217 19,207 7,489.25 Shetland Islands 7 7 21,988 147,097 3,141 3,141 21,013.86 South Ayrshire 5 2 4 1 12 112,097 123,469 22,419 9,341 24,693.80 South Lanarkshire 9 1 1 11 302,216 177,160 33,580 27,474 19,684.44 Stirling 1 4 1 6 86,212 224,320 86,212 14,369 224,320.00 West Dunbartonshire 2 2 4 93,378 17,573 46,689 23,345 8,786.50 West Lothian 8 2 10 158,714 42,832 19,839 15,871 5,354.00 Western Isles 3 2 1 6

SUB TOTAL- SCOTLAND 190 14 118 31 1 354 5,035,509 6,918,012 TOTAL 1357 183 1056 2820 115 5531 52,543,500 15,407,697 (please note- Scotland and Wales- no complete lists of schools available)

7.2 Outdoor swimming pools

Open air swimming pools are normally comprised of two types- lidos and outdoor pools. The lido pools were first built in the UK in the 1920’s and 1930’s and include many of Britain’s most famous pools. Many consumers still prefer to swim outdoors rather than indoors. In recent years, outdoor pools have been in decline as local authorities have looked to cut back on costs. Nevertheless, outdoor pools were still being opened as late as the 1970’s. Some of the lidos such as in Matlock have converted into indoor pools; others have been closed altogether and replaced by leisure centres.

The following lidos are open in London:

Brockwell Lido Charlton Lido Parliament Hill Lido Richmond Lido Serpentine Lido Tooting Bec Lido (Source: Oliver Merrington, [email protected])

Outside London, the following lidos are in use:

Aldershot Lido Sandford Parks, Cheltenham Hilsea Lido, Portsmouth Ilkley Lido, West Yorks. Bulwell Lido, Notts. Peterborough Lido Tinside Lido, Plymouth Stenhousemuir Lido, Falkirk Blackpill Lido, Swansea Ware Lido Saltdean Lido, Brighton Guildford Lido Alfreton Lido, Derbys. (Source: Oliver Merrington, [email protected])

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The following outdoor swimming pools are still thought to be in existence:

Abbey Meadow, Abingdon Broomhill, Ipswich Abbeylands Sports Centre The Pells. Lewes Ashburton Bathing Lake, Devon Park Road, Honsey, London Aqua Vale, Aylesbury Hampton, London Banbury, Oxon Oasis, Holborn Beccles, Suffolk Seawater Baths, Lymington Bourne, Lincs. Marbury Park, Cheshire Brightlingsea, Essex Marsden Park, Lancs, Brixham Seawater, Devon Wolverton, Milton Keynes Brynamman, Dyfed Moretonhampstead, Devon Budeo, Cornwall Nantwich Outdoor Brine, Cheshire The Triangle, Burgess Hill Jubilee Pool , Penzance Jesus Green, Cambridge Petersfield, Hants Carterton Town, Oxon Pittenweed Tidal, Fife Castle Donnington, Derbyshire Mount Wise, Plymouth Chagford, Devon Ynysangharad, Pontypridd Chesham, Bucks Portsoy, Aberdeenshire Chipping Norton, Bucks Royston, Herts Cirencester, Glos St Neot’s, Cambs. Daventry, Northamptonshire Atlantis Water Park, Scarborough Eversholt, Beds. Shftesbury, Dorset Farrington, Oxon Embassy, Skegness Faversham, Kent Outdoor Pool, South Dartmoor Gillingham, Kent Stanford Hall Outdoor, Devon Gourock, Strathclyde Weardale Open, Stanhope, Haltwhistle, Northumberland Stonehaven, Aberdeenshire Hamilton Water Palace Teignmouth, Devon Hathersage, Derbyshire Theale Green, nr Reading Helmsley, North yorks. Tonbridge, Kent Highley, Shropshire Topsham, nr Exeter Highworth, Wilts Trinkie, Wick Hoddeson, Herts Wiveliscombe, Devon Holywell Mead, High Wycombe Woburn, Beds Hood Park, Ashby-de-la-Zouch Woodhall Spa, Lincs Huish Episcopi, Somserset Woodstock, Oxon Ingleton, North Yorks Wotton-under-Edge, Glos

7.3 Trends in swimming pools

The number of pool attendances in the UK is fairly static. The swimming pool market is a mature market that is rapidly diversifying. Whereas only a few short years ago, the majority of swimmers used local authority pools, there is now much more choice available to swimmers. There are many more hotels with pools. The private health sector is installing more pools in its clubs. Learn to swim schools are attracting people either to school pools or to pools that were once for school use. In addition, university and education institutions are making their pools more available to a wider range of people. All of these factors are bringing competitive pressures to bear on public swimming pools.

Following the Public Baths and Wash-houses Act of 1849, local authorities and independent schools were virtually the only facility operators for many years. The picture has now gone full circle as all types of institutions are likely to have pools in the future and, as a way of recovering their capital outlay, these pools will be made available to the public. Wider choice will be available to swimming consumers over the next 25 years.

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Survey of pool operators

In order to examine recent trends in public sector swimming pools, HNI, in conjunction with ISRM, carried out a survey with pool operators. 85 pools from England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland responded during the latter half of 2003. The findings were as follows:

Swimming lessons

Swimming lessons of all types are increasing. There is a particular demand for lessons among children as the onus on learn-to-swim moves from schools to parents. All types of lessons are increasing although there was a drop in the average number of adult lessons given from 43 to 33. The nature of adult learn-to-swim is likely to change somewhat over the next few years as smaller classes and personal trainers, similar to ‘land trainers’ become more popular:

The average number of children (under 14 years) taking part in swimming lessons each week:

Table 46

Number of % of pool pool operators operators Saw an increase 60 70.6 Saw a decrease 15 17.6 Remained the same 10 11.8 Saw an increase of over 100 20 23.5 Saw a decrease of over 100 3 3.5 Average number of lessons in 2002 576 Average number of lessons in 2003 635

The average number of children taking part in parent and child swimming lessons each week:

Table 47

Number of % of pool pool operators operators Saw an increase 36 42.4 Saw a decrease 7 8.2 Remained the same 42 49.4 Saw an increase of over 100 0 0 Saw a decrease of over 100 0 0 Average number of lessons in 2002 47 Average number of lessons in 2003 51

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The average number of adults taking part in swimming lessons each week:

Table 48

Number of % of pool pool operators operators Saw an increase 37 43.5 Saw a decrease 15 17.6 Remained the same 33 38.5 Saw an increase of over 100 0 0 Saw a decrease of over 100 0 0 Average number of lessons in 2002 43 Average number of lessons in 2003 33

The average number of child learn-to-swim classes each week:

Table 49:

Number of % of pool pool operators operators Saw an increase 43 50.6 Saw a decrease 5 5.9 Remained the same 34 40.0 Not stated 3 3.5 Saw an increase of over 100 15 17.6 Saw a decrease of over 100 0 0 Average number of lessons in 2002 84 Average number of lessons in 2003 88

The average number of parent and child learn-to-swim classes each week:

Table 50:

Number of % of pool pool operators operators Saw an increase 25 29.4 Saw a decrease 55 64.7 Remained the same 5 5.9 Saw an increase of over 10 2 2.4

Saw a decrease of over 10 0 0 Average number of lessons in 2002 8.2 Average number of lessons in 2003 9.8

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The average number of adult learn-to-swim classes each week:

Table 51:

Number of % of pool pool operators operators Saw an increase 23 27.1 Saw a decrease 9 10.6 Remained the same 53 62.4 Saw an increase of over 10 1 0 Saw a decrease of over 10 0 0 Average number of lessons in 2002 4 Average number of lessons in 2003 4

Traditionally nearly all pools offer lessons over a 30 minute period and this tradition has not altered. Some pools offer a 45 minute lesson for adults:

Average amount of time devoted to lessons:

Table 52:

Minutes Children’s lessons 32 Parent and child lessons 35 Adult lessons 43

Swimming pool attendances

The pools surveyed showed an increase on the previous year’s attendances. One of the greatest difficulties in comparing pool attendances not just in this survey but in general has been in capturing data which is comparable between pools and areas:

Table 53:

Attendance Number % Average adult attendance in 2002 41,348 - Average adult attendance in 2003 44,436 - Change in 2003 +7% Number of pools with increased 30 35% attendance in 2003 Number of pools with decreased 30 35% attendance in 2003 Number of pools with same 25 29% attendance figures Average child attendance in 2002 32,895 Average adult attendance in 2003 32,432 Change in 2003 -1%

Patterns in recent years have proved to be inconclusive. Once again, compilers comparing the data are dependent on reliable information. For example, the nominated pools from which data is collected have been closed for a period skewing the results, or in another typical case, an old pool

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has been replaced by a new one, thus inflating results through high initial attendances. Another factor is pool closure without replacement within some areas. In the table beneath, we provide a sample of data provided by local authorities to the Audit Commission and later to the Chartered Institute of Public Finance. Any large swings in numbers in these samples may well be due to circumstances which the figures do not reveal. The local authorities have been taken at random from a number of different areas:

Table 54:

Regular/Standard Pools 2000-1 Total 2001-2 Total 2002-3 Total Attendances - Attendances- Attendances - Regular Pool Regular Pool Regular Pool Bexley 714,841 706,000 729,421 Croydon 540,774 577,321 Enfield 119,419 161,147 Haringey 492,271 313,774 298,220 Redbridge 505,449 481,000 485,000 Bury 123,694 130,005 132,489 Manchester 842,493 1,137,269 885,793 Wigan 873,000 558,241 610,532 Rotherham 651,122 574,973 551,772 Gateshead 635,429 652,130 South Tyneside 131,098 164,000 159,631 Birmingham 2,050,108 1,712,495 1,705,122 Wakefield 854,694 549,466 604,542 Peterborough 397,000 355,165 411,411 Poole 318,221 326,980 Portsmouth 433,000 395,238 347,191 Bedford 610,000 665,629 663,251 Rother 138,344 139,084 Oadby & Wigston 237,021 254,637 East Lindsey 209,330 231,279 214,211 Richmondshire 153,398 160,683 141,573 Harrogate 625,000 601,834 543,870 Taunton Deane 329,656 325,986 309,151 Woking 416,950 336,873 377,610

Conwy 107,335 115,071 113,070 Merthyr Tydfil 81,913 75,987 75,463 Pembrokeshire 98,449 117,595 (Source: Audit Commission 2001, Cipfa 2002, 2003)

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Table 55:

Leisure Pools

2000-1 Total 2001-2 Total 2002-3 Total Attendances - Attendances - Attendances - Leisure Pools Leisure Pools Leisure Pools Haringey 259,632 175,027 143,547 Newham 1,076,934 507,302 722,974 Tameside 145,067 148,953 Trafford 1,946,127 1,746,474 1,609,962 Doncaster 649,141 643,177 594,028 Solihull 720,000 642,375 578,364 West Berkshire 398,082 340,550 428,186 Allerdale 100,000 263,142 257,833 Eden 104,720 119,433 South Hams 216,432 200,108 183,693 Chelmsford 347,000 284,576 364,405 Fareham 247,850 223,006 201,537 Winchester 193,730 197,552 192,982 Breckland 239,639 188,872 190,599 Vale of White Horse 319,156 214,290 525,680 West Oxfordshire 321,000 236,000 597,079 Staffordshire Moorlands 578,376 537,526 657,692 Waveney 183,063 175,440 161,995 Spelthorne 399,655 336,054 330,987

Neath Port Talbot 384,587 391,420 Newport 154,265 198,770 Pembrokeshire 254,095 275,540 Torfaen 134,916 165,487 (Source: Audit Commission 2001, Cipfa 2002, 2003)

Pool opening times

The average length of pool opening time generally reflects customer demands. Our survey of pool users shows that most consumers prefer to swim earlier in the week rather than later. The number of people using the pool during the second half of the week is subsequently less. In response pools are open on average for less than 9 hours a day at weekends.

47% of responding pools were stated as being open before 9 a.m. in the morning. Whilst 74% stayed open after 8 p.m. and until 10.30 p.m:

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Average length of daily opening:

Table 56:

Day Time Monday 11 hours 44 minutes Tuesday 11 hours 40 minutes Wednesday 11 hours 46 minutes Thursday 11 hours 40 minutes Friday 11 hours 45 minutes Saturday 8 hours 41 minutes Sunday 8 hours 51 minutes

Average opening and closing times:

Table 57:

Number % No of pools initially opening at 7 a.m. or before 18 21% No of pools initially opening between 7 a.m. and 8.55a.m 22 26% No of pools initially opening between 9a.m. and 1 p.m 15 18% Not stated or opens later than 1.05 p.m. 30 35% No of pools opening and closing once per day 66 78% No of pools opening and closing twice per day 18 21% Not Stated 1 1% No of pools closing for the day before 4 p.m. 5 6% No of pools closing for the day between 4 p.m. and 5.55 p.m. 2 2% No of pools closing for the day between 6 p.m. and 7.55 p.m. 14 16% No of pools closing for the day between 8 p.m. and 9.55 p.m. 35 41% No of pools closing for the day between 10 p.m. and 10.30 p.m. 28 33% Not stated 1 1%

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Pool programming

The fine balance between free swimming, programmed and club use is always difficult to achieve. Based on a weekly average of between 11 and 12 hours a day, time programmed for clubs and private use takes up over a day’s opening time per week:

Club use of pools:

Table 58:

Hours Average number of hours per week pool time assigned to clubs/private bodies 14.6 Average number of clubs /private bodies using each pool per week 4.9 Average number of competitive clubs/squads using each pool per week 1.6

Swimming lanes:

Table 59:

Activity/Item 2002 2003 Average number of lanes per pool 4.9 Average number of lanes set aside for length swimming per day 2.4 2.4 Average number of hours these lanes are set aside for length swimming per week 33.2 32.5 Average estimated number of adult lane swimmers per day 49 50

Time allocation for activities other than swimming:

Table 60:

Activity 2002 (hr) 2003 (hr) Water Polo 0.4 0.4 Diving 1.1 1.2 Synchro 0.2 0.3 Life Saving 1.4 1.5 Staff training 2.0 2.1

Staffing levels:

Table 61:

Type of staff member Number Average number of full time 12 Average number of part time 19 Average number of casual 18

Accessibility of pool by public transport

Table 62:

Mode of transport Distance(miles) Average distance to nearest bus stop 0.2

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Average distance to nearest railway station 2.2

Business issues

What are the main areas of business growth at your pool?

Table 63:

Area of growth Number of pools Junior Swimming Lessons 34 Fitness swimming 11 Memberships 6 Junior swimming parties 3 Club use 3 Over 50’s 3 (Footnote: some pools gave more than one response)

What are the main barriers to your pool’s commercial success?

The main responses were:

Table 64:

Barrier to growth Number of pools Lack of budget 12 Age & condition of pool 7 Poor or no car parking facilities 7 Size of facility 7 Inadequate changing facilities 6 Location and access to pool by public transport 6 Lack of spectator accommodation 4 Restrictions by local authority 3 Catchment area too small 3 Competition for customers’ interest 3 (Footnote: some pools gave more than one response)

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8. The school swimming market place

8.1 School swimming attendances

Recent years have seen a decline in school swimming. Local management of schools has meant that teachers have found the administration of school swimming to be a further burden on top of their other administrative and teaching duties. Some local authorities, such as Suffolk and Stoke- on-Trent, still offer centralised organisation. Schools can ‘buy-in’ to the system at a standard price and find transport, teachers and programmed water time is organised for them.

In many other areas, this centralised system no longer exists and there have been reductions in the regularity of school swimming lessons. Many pools have reported on the impact of this reduction. Pendle is a typical example of a decline in public pool use for school swimming:

Table 65:

School Swimming Attendances in Pendle Pendle Leisure Year- Wave Lengths West Craven Centre Total Apr/Mar Nos Nos Nos 1982-1983 30648 19771 50419 1983-1984 30593 19657 50250 1984-1985 31814 20015 51829 1985-1986 30691 19592 50283 1986-1987 32756 19105 51861 1987-1988 29705 21291 50996 1988-1989 26123 20727 46850 1989-1990 32816 35622 22603 91041 1990-1991 34562 50684 22927 108173 1991-1992 40507 53979 25124 119610 1992-1993 43346 53145 26906 123397 1993-1994 38580 48801 24448 111829 1994-1995 42133 49321 22779 114233 1995-1996 40513 41255 19592 101360 1996-1997 38598 39510 20883 98991 1997-1998 42085 40210 19964 102259 1998-1999 36203 31977 17757 85937 1999-2000 23071 20897 14177 58145 2000-2001 20148 16633 11161 47942 2001-2002 18923 17199 10233 46355 2002-2003 21124 17244 9796 48164 (Source: Pendle Leisure Trust, 2003)

School pools are also closing as maintenance costs are stretching school budgets. Table 66 estimates the number of school pools per local authority and the ratio of pupils within each local authority area to pupils.

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Table 66:

Relationship between the number of school pools and pupils by local education authority No of pupils Estimated no of per school No of primary Local Education Authority Primary All schools school pools pool pupils per pool ENGLAND 4,309,034 8,366,775

NORTH EAST 226,186 434,340 Darlington 9,054 17,095 5 3,419 1,811 Durham 44,251 81,066 25 3,243 1,770 Gateshead 17,226 31,611 4 7,903 4,307 Hartlepool 9,719 16,695 9 1,855 1,080 Middlesbrough 14,821 24,874 3 8,291 4,940 Newcastle upon Tyne 20,025 44,454 8 5,557 2,503 North Tyneside 17,190 32,789 7 4,684 2,456 Northumberland 20,418 52,414 8 6,552 2,552 Redcar and Cleveland 14,442 25,148 2 12,574 7,221 South Tyneside 14,032 25,370 12 2,114 1,169 Stockton-on-Tees 18,494 33,617 14 2,401 1,321 Sunderland 26,514 49,207 13 3,785 2,040

NORTH WEST 629,362 1,181,769 Blackburn with Darwen 15,055 28,849 3 9,616 5,018 Blackpool 12,264 22,655 3 7,552 4,088 Bolton 26,122 49,970 4 12,493 6,531 Bury 16,825 31,777 2 15,889 8,413 Cheshire 58,087 115,339 17 6,785 3,417 Cumbria 42,353 81,329 7 11,618 6,050 Halton 11,087 20,176 4 5,044 2,772 Knowsley 17,111 28,053 3 9,351 5,704 Lancashire 98,758 186,708 22 8,487 4,489 Liverpool 41,297 79,533 23 3,458 1,796 Manchester 41,687 74,328 17 4,372 2,452 Oldham 23,664 42,543 3 14,181 7,888 Rochdale 21,041 36,793 2 18,397 10,521 Salford 21,145 37,297 2 18,649 10,573 Sefton 25,122 50,650 7 7,236 3,589 St. Helens 16,655 30,221 3 10,074 5,552 Stockport 25,125 48,310 3 16,103 8,375 Tameside 21,601 38,310 1 38,310 21,601 Trafford 19,892 38,683 2 19,342 9,946 Warrington 18,268 32,801 6 5,467 3,045 Wigan 27,896 50,232 1 50,232 27,896 Wirral 28,307 57,212 7 8,173 4,044

YORKSHIRE AND THE HUMBER 466,673 861,677 Barnsley 21,473 35,509 2 17,755 10,737 Bradford 51,267 92,335 17 5,431 3,016 Calderdale 19,701 36,735 9 4,082 2,189 Doncaster 29,110 52,202 8 6,525 3,639 East Riding of Yorkshire 27,186 52,907 13 4,070 2,091 Kingston Upon Hull, City of 24,427 42,981 2 21,491 12,214 Kirklees 36,810 66,726 5 13,345 7,362 Leeds 65,355 119,641 11 10,876 5,941 North East Lincolnshire 15,353 28,191 11 2,563 1,396 North Lincolnshire 14,375 25,684 5 5,137 2,875 North Yorkshire 47,108 96,197 38 2,532 1,240 Rotherham 25,260 46,869 10 4,687 2,526

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Estimated no No of pupils of school per school No of primary Local Education Authority Primary All schools pools pool pupils per pool Sheffield 44,737 80,574 6 13,429 7,456 Wakefield 30,682 58,059 7 8,294 4,383 York 13,829 27,067 10 2,707 1,383

EAST MIDLANDS 372,818 718,041 Derby 22,354 40,942 3 13,647 7,451 Derbyshire 66,265 122,253 16 7,641 4,142 Leicester 29,148 51,162 13 3,936 2,242 Leicestershire 50,297 102,798 40 2,570 1,257 Lincolnshire 54,864 107,583 25 4,303 2,195 Northamptonshire 53,986 114,225 40 2,856 1,350 Nottingham 25,512 45,161 4 11,290 6,378 Nottinghamshire 67,749 126,888 10 12,689 6,775 Rutland 2,643 7,029 7 1,004 378

WEST MIDLANDS 487,632 931,752 Birmingham 103,565 187,517 24 7,813 4,315 Coventry 27,980 53,418 14 3,816 1,999 Dudley 29,942 51,566 6 8,594 4,990 Herefordshire 13,931 26,556 12 2,213 1,161 Sandwell 31,412 51,782 4 12,946 7,853 Shropshire 22,218 45,806 19 2,411 1,169 Solihull 21,092 40,882 7 5,840 3,013 Staffordshire 67,420 136,952 36 3,804 1,873 Stoke-on-Trent 21,847 38,266 15 2,551 1,456 Telford and Wrekin 16,033 29,244 4 7,311 4,008 Walsall 27,011 50,891 30 1,696 900 Warwickshire 41,915 84,206 31 2,716 1,352 Wolverhampton 24,227 44,155 18 2,453 1,346 Worcestershire 39,039 90,511 18 5,028 2,169

EAST OF ENGLAND 454,718 917,956 Bedfordshire 25,334 70,840 46 1,540 551 Cambridgeshire 44,653 86,673 92 942 485 Essex 111,149 214,538 137 1,566 811 Hertfordshire 95,899 200,147 129 1,552 743 Luton 18,909 32,857 6 5,476 3,152 Norfolk 67,165 120,899 63 1,919 1,066 Peterborough 15,562 29,441 27 1,090 576 Southend-on-Sea 14,729 28,722 14 2,052 1,052 Suffolk 47,242 110,982 145 765 326 Thurrock 14,076 22,857 3 7,619 4,692

LONDON 632,867 1,205,061 INNER LONDON 231,710 433,975 Camden 11,426 28,885 8 3,611 1,428 City of London 222 1,957 1 1,957 222 Hackney 18,086 32,280 5 6,456 3,617 Hammersmith and Fulham 9,691 22,866 4 5,717 2,423 Haringey 22,028 36,489 7 5,213 3,147 Islington 15,101 24,451 5 4,890 3,020 Kensington and Chelsea 7,015 21,644 2 10,822 3,508 Lambeth 19,992 31,000 5 6,200 3,998 Lewisham 22,618 38,485 3 12,828 7,539 Newham 31,530 50,925 2 25,463 15,765

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Estimated no No of pupils Local Education of school per school No of primary Authority Primary All schools pools pool pupils per pool Southwark 23,814 42,113 10 4,211 2,381 Tower Hamlets 22,052 38,316 7 5,474 3,150 Wandsworth 17,440 37,986 17 2,234 1,026 Westminster 10,695 26,578 4 6,645 2,674

OUTER LONDON 401,157 771,086

Barking and Dagenham 18,638 30,642 6 5,107 3,106 Barnet 25,949 54,282 18 3,016 1,442 Bexley 21,675 41,332 4 10,333 5,419 Brent 22,852 41,916 5 8,383 4,570 Bromley 24,467 52,201 19 2,747 1,288 Croydon 30,722 59,863 14 4,276 2,194 Ealing 26,315 48,511 1 48,511 26,315 Enfield 27,024 50,484 4 12,621 6,756 Greenwich 20,663 37,927 5 7,585 4,133 Harrow 19,550 33,715 8 4,214 2,444 Havering 20,481 38,008 13 2,924 1,575 Hillingdon 24,529 46,338 11 4,213 2,230 Hounslow 19,148 37,099 0 0 0

Kingston upon Thames 11,703 24,711 14 1,765 836 Merton 14,494 26,936 4 6,734 3,624 Redbridge 23,820 48,095 8 6,012 2,978

Richmond upon Thames 12,401 28,297 13 2,177 954 Sutton 15,397 33,022 12 2,752 1,283 Waltham Forest 21,329 37,707 5 7,541 4,266

SOUTH EAST 645,488 1,324,527 Bracknell Forest 8,986 17,897 7 2,557 1,284 Brighton and Hove 17,566 36,067 18 2,004 976 Buckinghamshire 40,488 84,278 33 2,554 1,227 East Sussex 37,760 75,330 65 1,159 581 Hampshire 100,758 192,354 88 2,186 1,145 Isle of Wight 7,265 20,506 12 1,709 605 Kent 113,724 233,785 80 2,922 1,422 Medway 23,954 46,502 6 7,750 3,992 Milton Keynes 22,515 36,993 13 2,846 1,732 Oxfordshire 45,221 100,645 51 1,973 887 Portsmouth 15,099 29,027 9 3,225 1,678 Reading 10,259 20,338 11 1,849 933 Slough 11,346 20,841 4 5,210 2,837 Southampton 17,126 31,892 16 1,993 1,070 Surrey 79,691 179,515 160 1,122 498 West Berkshire 12,239 27,952 17 1,644 720 West Sussex 60,466 118,392 78 1,518 775 Windsor and Maidenhead 8,407 25,178 27 933 311 Wokingham 12,618 27,035 13 2,080 971

SOUTH WEST 393,290 791,652 Bath and North East Somerset 12,665 29,783 11 2,708 1,151 Bournemouth 11,145 22,848 7 3,264 1,592 Bristol, City of 30,683 58,672 13 4,513 2,360 Cornwall 40,855 76,857 41 1,875 996 Devon 55,679 107,608 84 1,281 663 Dorset 25,085 61,829 49 1,262 512

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Local Education Estimated no No of pupils No of primary Authority Primary All schools of school per school pool pupils per pool Gloucestershire 45,314 95,221 33 2,885 1,373 Isles of Scilly 265 271 " " " North Somerset 14,922 29,102 9 3,234 1,658 Plymouth 20,431 41,838 18 2,324 1,135 Poole 10,897 20,894 7 2,985 1,557 Somerset 38,384 81,383 71 1,146 541 South Gloucestershire 23,331 42,280 6 7,047 3,889 Swindon 17,347 29,461 4 7,365 4,337 Torbay 10,325 20,624 11 1,875 939 Wiltshire 35,962 72,981 53 1,377 679 (Source: Dfee/HNI- School figures as at Jan. 2003)

8.3 Top-Up Pilot Schemes

In 2003, the Department for Education and Skills, in conjunction with the ASA, experimented with two pilot schemes for schools. HNI organised and reported on these schemes in association with the local education authorities in Bristol and Durham. Those school pupils who had not achieved their Key Stage 2 swimming by the end of the summer term were offered a course of ten extra lessons on ten consecutive days within the last few weeks of the term.

In general these classes were smaller than normal school classes which helped the more timid pupils. HNI research showed that social deprivation, social background, ethnicity and learning abilities in general were not important factors in a pupil’s ability to learn to swim. The most important factor was much more likely to be family culture as well as school culture. In other words, encouragement at home has a big part to play (Source: Measures of Attainment in Primary School Swimming: An Impact Study Based on Key Stage 2 Pilot Schemes, August 2003 ).

57% of these pupils achieved their Key Stage 2 as a result of the pilot scheme.

No of pupils entered 828 No of pupils passed 470 % of pupils passed 57%

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In Bristol, where the teacher-pupil ratios were slightly more favourable, 67% of pupils in the Scheme swam 25 metres:

Table 67:

25 Metres Results- Bristol Boys Girls Combined No. % No. % No. % 25 metres on front 83 56% 84 59% 167 57% 50 metres on front 1 1% 4 3% 5 2% 100 metres on front 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%

25 metres or over combined 84 57% 88 62% 172 59% 25 metres on back instead of front 12 8% 11 8% 23 8% 50 metres on back instead of front 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 100 metres on back instead of front 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Total no achieving 25 metres 96 65% 99 69% 195 67% 25 metres on back 86 58% 80 56% 166 57% 50 metres on back 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 100 metres on back 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 25 metres or over on back combined 86 58% 80 56% 166 57%

51% of the Durham pupils passed their Key Stage 2 at the end of the Scheme:

Table 68:

25 Metres Results- Durham Boys Girls Combined No. % No. % No. % 25 metres on front 84 33% 113 40% 197 37% 50 metres on front 21 8% 24 9% 45 8% 100 metres on front 4 2% 4 1% 8 1% 25 metres or over combined 109 43% 141 50% 250 47% 25 metres on back instead of front 9 4% 15 5% 24 4% 50 metres on back instead of front 0 0% 1 0% 1 0% 100 metres on back instead of front 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Total no. achieving 25 metres 118 46% 157 56% 275 51% No of known SEN pupils achieving 25 metres 26 10% 26 9% 52 10% 25 metres on back 73 29% 93 33% 166 31% 50 metres on back 23 9% 30 11% 53 10% 100 metres on back 4 2% 3 1% 7 1% 25 metres or over on back combined 100 39% 126 45% 226 42%

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Initial consideration might give rise to the feeling that 67 and 51% as pass rates were not that high. Given that a number of the participating pupils also had learning or other difficulties, the Top-Up Scheme undoubtedly had an impact.

Space prevents us from going into too much detail in this report but one of the most interesting considerations was ‘nearness to local swimming pool’. Each school was mapped to their nearest public swimming pool. Many of the worst performing schools in terms of the pupils who had not passed Key Stage 2 swimming were schools where the pupils lived closest to local swimming pools. Again, parental encouragement is likely to be the key factor in success or failure.

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9. ASA Strategies for swimming

9.1 National Facilities Strategy

In 2003, the Amateur Swimming Association published a National Facilities Strategy for Swimming. It laid out an options analysis based on three actions for pools- new build, refurbishment or ‘opening up’ existing provision. It also laid out what the ASA considered to be pools appropriate to various levels of competition. These were as follows:

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Table 69:

Pools Designated Under the ASA National Strategy for Pools- ‘From Arm Bands to Gold Medals’, By Noel Winter

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Table 70:

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9.2 Amateur Swimming Association Aquamark

The ASA Aquamark Scheme is a quality scheme for swimming teaching programmes. The following pools have achieved Accredited Centre status to date:

Body Facility Date of accreditation Aquabeeze Swim Scheme Daisyfields Pools 15/11/02 (Blackburn & Darwen Borough Shadsworth Lisure Centre 15/11/02 Council) Darwen Leisure Centre 15/11/02 Bank Hey Pool 15/11/02 Waves Water Fun Centre 15/11/02 Bollington Leisure, Macclesfield Bollington Leisure Centre 14/01/03 Cardiff County Council Maindy Swimming Pool 11/04/03 Splott Swimmijng Pool 11/04/03 Eastern Leisure Centre 11/04/03 Fairwater Leisure Centre 11/04/03 Llanishen Leisure Centre 11/04/03 Pentwyn Leisure Centre 11/04/03 Western Leisure Centre 11/04/03 Helen’s Swimming School, Helen’s Swimming School 12/06/02 Crowborough Ipswich Borough Council Crown Pools 27/01/04 Fore Street Pool 27/01/04 Leisure Connection Ltd Castle Sports Complex, Spalding 27/06/03 Wymondham Leisure Centre, Norfolk 31/07/03 Swan Centre for Leisure, Berwick- 11/08/03 upon-Tweed Swim Stockport, Greater Manchester Grand Central Pools 09/08/02 Avondale Pool 09/08/02 Reddish Pool 09/08/02 Marple Pool 09/08/02 Cheadle Pool 09/08/02 Hazel Grove Pool 09/08/02 Romily Pool 09/08/02 Tadcaster Community Swimming Tadcaster Community Swimming Pool 05/11/02 Pool, North Yorkshire Wyre Forest District Council, Wyre Forest Glades Leisure Centre 18/12/02 Worcestershire Stourport Sports Centre 18/12/02

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9.3 Planned national strategic targets

The planned national strategic targets are as follows: Table 71:

ASA Strategic Targets 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 World Class:

Swimmers on High Performance programme- World Top 25, 2 per nation 60 60 80 120 Swimmers on Senior Programme 20 20 20 20 Swimmers on Youth Programme 50 50 60 60 Coaches attending World Class Training Camps 40 40 50 50 National Performance Centres/University based programmes 2 3 4 6 World Class Off-shore training centres 1 1 2 2 Swim 21: Swim 21 Clubs 500 600 700 800 County Sports Partnerships with network of Swim 21 Clubs 32 38 42 45

Swim 21 Accredited Performance Clubs 45 54 63 72 Swim 21 Accredited Competitive Development Clubs 75 90 105 120 Swim 21 Accredited Skill Development Clubs 230 276 322 368 Swim 21 Accredited Teaching Clubs 150 180 210 240 Swim 21 Disability Clubs 3 5 7 9 School/Swim 21 Club Links 3,000/500 3,600/600 4,200/700 4,800/800 School/Learn to Swim Scheme Links 150/25 300/50 450/75 600/100 Long term athlete development: Clubs with 24 hours water time per week available for top squad 15 27 39 50 Clubs with at least 50 swimmers training 20-24 hours per week achieving breakpoint volume 4 6 8 10 ASA Coach qualified coaches in Swim 21 clubs 80 160 230 300 Full time ASA Coaches in Swim 21 Performance Clubs 20 40 50 60 Full time ASA Coaches in Swim 21 Competitive Development Clubs 30 60 80 100 Coach Education Centres 4 6 8 8

University senior swimming programmes 4 8 5 5 World Class programme swimmers on age group programme 150 160 170 180 Diving:

Divers on High Performance programme 13 12 12 10 Divers on Youth programme 13 16 20 20 Coaches attending World Class Training Camps 12 15 15 20 Synchronized Swimming: Swimmers on Junior Elite programme 5 5 5 5 Disability Swimming: Swimmers on High Performance programme 30 35 35 40 Swimmers on Youth programme 30 35 35 40

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Coaches attending World Class Training Camps 20 20 30 30 National Performance Centres/University based programmes 2 3 3 3 Masters Swimming: Registered Masters swimmers 6,700 7,000 7,500 8,000 Regions with Masters Competitions 3 6 8 8 Swimfit: Number of LA's delivering SwimFit 32 48 64 80 Registered SwimFit members 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 Equity: Clubs implementing equity policies 50 600 700 800 ASA Counties implementing equity policies 8 16 25 35 ASA Regions implementing equity policies 3 6 8 8 Swimming pools for competition: 50m pools 20 22 31 34 25m x 8 lane pools 34 40 49 63 International standard diving facilities 7 7 8 8 Volunteers: Minimum additional volunteers 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 Clubs with Volunteer Co-ordinator 500 600 700 800 Counties with a Volunteer Coordinator 8 16 25 35 Regions with a Volunteer Co-ordinator 3 4 6 8 Training opportunities 750 1,500 2,250 3,000 Other: Aquamark Accredited LA Schemes 50 75 100 150 Specialist Sports Colleges in County Sports Partnerships 32 38 42 45

9.4 Strategic Alliance for Swimming

The Strategic Alliance for Swimming was formed in 2003 between the Amateur Swimming Association, Institute for Sport and Recreation Management and the Royal Life Saving Society. The purpose behind the organisation is to provide one voice to represent the interests of swimming.

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10. Prices within swimming pools

This section examines prices within different local authority areas. Some local authority areas have different ways of arriving at a charge for a service. Where it has been difficult to provide a direct comparison with other local authorities, we have left the charge unstated. The information in this section has been obtained from the Chartered Institute of Public Finance and Accountancy and extrapolated from the three years of ‘ Charges for Leisure’ . Where CIPFA does not quote charges, HNI has added figures from its own market intelligence.

The purpose behind the exercise is to provide an opportunity for comparison between areas. HNI has also provided the average price and the most and least expensive charges. There are no statements on the quality of delivery. In other words, the most expensive charges could provide the best value for money or they might provide the worst value. Similarly, the cheapest prices will not necessarily provide the worst or the best services. The prices are included merely as a guide to the parameters for prices. In this section, swimming lesson prices are quoted per hour, not half hour.

All prices quoted are publicly advertised by pool operators and have been supplied by local authorities or operators to CIPFA. CIPFA quotes prices on one pool per local authority but, in nearly all cases, prices are the same across the whole local authority area:

10.1 Admission prices

Adult entry prices in London and the metropolitan areas have risen less than in unitary and non- metropolitan areas where in 2003/4 prices rose by 9 to 12 % over the previous years. Nearly all prices have been above the level of inflation. Junior swimming admission prices in metropolitan areas increased by 9% in 2003/4. All other junior prices during the three year period were between -2% and 7% increase. Nuneaton is not listed in the ‘Least Expensive’ but the local authority has offered free junior swimming during this period:

Table 72: Regular Pool - Most Expensive Adult Admission 2001/2 2002-3 2003-4 Breckland 3.50 Breckland 3.50 Breckland 3.60 East Lindsey 3.45 East Lindsey 3.45 Slough 3.55 Wokingham 3.40 Wycombe 3.40 Wycombe 3.50 Wycombe 3.40 Eastbourne 3.30 North Hertfordshire 3.40 Eastbourne 3.30 Southwark 3.15 Southampton 3.40 Southwark 3.15 Hounslow 3.10 Arun 3.30 Richmond-upon-Thames 3.15 Barrow-in-Furness 3.10 Eastbourne 3.30 Barrow-in-Furness 3.10 Chelmsford 3.00 Arun 3.30 Hounslow 3.10 Haringey 2.95 Haringey 3.30 Basingstoke & Deane 3.05 Mid Sussex 2.85 Mid Sussex 3.25 East Hampshire 3.05 Mansfield 2.75 Cambridge 3.20 Cambridge 2.25 Barrow-in-Furness 3.20 Aylesbury Vale 2.10 Norwich 3.20 Mansfield 3.20 Regular Pool- Least Expensive Adult Admission 2001/2 2002-3 2003-4 Northampton 1.20 Hartlepool 1.35 Teesdale 1.40 Middlesbrough 1.30 Teesdale 1.35 Kingston-upon-Hull 1.45 Teesdale 1.30 Burnley 1.40 Hartlepool 1.50 Hartlepool 1.35 Westminster 1.45 Wansbeck 1.60 Westminster 1.40 West Lindsey 1.50 Nuneaton & Bedworth 1.60 Liverpool 1.40 Blyth Valley 1.55 Hastings 1.65 Thurrock 1.50 Wansbeck 1.55 Pembrokeshire 1.65 Wear Valley 1.50 Nuneaton & Bedworth 1.55 Chesterfield 1.70 Chichester 1.55 Stroud 1.70

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Table 73:

Regular Pool - Most Expensive Junior Admission 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 Eastbourne 2.65 Stratford-on-Avon 2.50 Eastbourne 2.70 Richmond-upon-Thames 2.40 Eastbourne 2.50 Slough 2.60 Wokingham 2.40 Wokingham 2.45 Great Yarmouth 2.50 Chester 2.20 Aylesbury Vale 2.15 Wokingham 2.50 Breckland 2.10 Sunderland 2.10 Arun 2.40 Sunderland 2.00 Rother 2.10 Rother 2.25 Rother 2.00 Breckland 2.10 Hertsmere 2.20 East Lindsey 2.00 Wandsworth 2.05 Breckland 2.20 Bexley 1.95 Wycombe 2.00 Southampton 2.15 Rushmoor 2.00 Rochford 2.15 Harrogate 2.00

Regular Pool- Least Expensive Junior Admission 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 Westminster 0.50 Southwark 0.50 Kensington & Chelsea 0.80 Halton 0.75 Westminster 0.50 Halton 0.85 Wear Valley 0.75 Halton 0.80 Basildon 0.85 Kensington & Chelsea 0.80 Basildon 0.80 Redditch 0.85 Basildon 0.80 Kensington & Chelsea 0.80 Kingston-upon-Hull 0.90 Wansbeck 0.80 Wansbeck 0.85 Wansbeck 0.90 Lichfield 0.80 Lichfield 0.85 Eden 0.95 Burnley 0.85 Stroud 0.95 Flintshire 0.95

Table 74:

Increase/ Increase/ 2001/2 2002/3 Decrease 2003/4 Decrease £ £ £ Regular pool: Adults entry charge- London 2.48 2.54 2% 2.66 5% Metropolitan 2.21 2.34 6% 2.40 3% Unitary authorities 2.25 2.20 -2% 2.40 9% Non-metropolitan districts 2.17 2.17 0% 2.43 12% Wales 1.92 2.02 5% 2.17 7% Junior entry charge- London 1.32 1.29 -2% 1.37 6% Metropolitan 1.27 1.29 2% 1.40 9% Unitary authorities 1.33 1.39 5% 1.47 6% Non-metropolitan districts 1.28 1.35 5% 1.45 7% Wales 1.15 1.20 4% 1.26 5% Senior citizens- London 1.58 1.51 -4% 1.50 -1% Metropolitan 1.39 1.51 9% 1.40 -7% Unitary authorities 1.42 1.49 5% 1.54 3% Non-metropolitan districts 1.28 1.38 8% 1.50 9% Wales 1.15 1.28 11% 1.35 5% (Source Cipfa Leisure Charges)

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Adult Admission Prices(£)

2.5

2 2001/2 1.5 2002/3 2003/4 1

0.5

0 London Metropolitan Unitary authorities Non-metropolitan Wales districts

Junior Admission Prices(£)

1.6

1.4

1.2

2001/2 0.8 2002/3 2003/4

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 London Metropolitan Unitary authorities Non-metropolitan districts Wales

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Table 75:

Increase/ Increase/ 2001/2 2002/3 Decrease 2003/4 Decrease £ £ £ Leisure Pool: Adults entry charge- London 2.92 2.94 1% 3.10 5% Metropolitan 2.58 2.70 5% 2.76 2% Unitary authorities 3.05 3.04 0% 3.05 0% Non-metropolitan districts 2.78 2.91 5% 2.84 -2% Wales 2.17 2.15 -1% 2.69 25% Junior entry charge- London 1.58 1.72 9% 1.77 3% Metropolitan 1.54 1.61 5% 1.63 1% Unitary authorities 1.94 1.99 3% 1.98 -1% Non-metropolitan districts 1.81 1.89 4% 1.84 -3% Wales 1.21 1.31 8% 1.83 40% Senior citizens- London 1.64 2.01 23% 1.82 -9% Metropolitan 1.67 1.60 -4% 1.70 6% Unitary authorities 1.92 2.29 19% 2.13 -7% Non-metropolitan districts 1.81 1.87 3% 1.84 -2% Wales 1.18 1.45 23% 1.95 34% (Source Cipfa Leisure Charges)

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Table 76:

Regular/standard pool entry charges 2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ 2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ adult adult decrease adult decrease junior junior decrease junior decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ LONDON

Corporation of London 2.55 2.60 2% 2.70 4% 1.20 1.20 0% 1.20 0%

INNER LONDON Camden 2.70 2.80 4% 2.90 4% 1.00 1.00 0% 1.10 9% Greenwich 2.50 2.55 2% 2.65 4% 1.60 1.65 3% 1.70 3% Hackney 2.40 2.85 19% 2.85 0% 1.30 1.65 27% 1.65 0% Hammersmith & Fulham 2.90 1.50 Islington 2.20 2.20 0% 2.90 32% 1.20 1.20 0% 1.30 8% Kensington & Chelsea 2.70 2.70 0% 2.80 4% 0.80 0.80 0% 0.80 0% Lambeth 2.15 2.15 0% 2.55 19% 1.15 1.15 0% 1.35 15% Lewisham 2.20 2.30 5% 2.40 4% 1.10 1.10 0% 1.20 8% Southwark 3.15 3.50 11% 1.15 0.50 -57% Tower Hamlets 2.30 2.35 2% 2.35 0% 1.90 1.05 -45% 1.05 0% Wandsworth 1.70 2.95 74% 3.17 7% 1.10 2.05 86% 2.12 3% Westminster 1.40 1.45 4% 2.50 72% 0.50 0.50 0% 1.00 50%

OUTER LONDON Barking & Dagenham 2.40 2.50 4% 2.50 0% 1.45 1.55 7% 1.55 0% Barnet 2.70 2.80 4% 2.90 4% 1.35 1.60 19% 1.70 6% Bexley 2.55 1.70 -33% 1.80 6% 1.95 1.10 -44% 1.20 8% Brent 2.50 2.75 1.15 1.30 100% Bromley 2.25 2.35 4% 2.35 0% 1.45 1.50 3% 1.55 3% Croydon 2.00 2.10 5% 1.10 1.15 5% Ealing 2.60 1.45 Enfield 2.50 2.60 4% 3.00 15% 1.00 1.00 0% 1.20 17% Haringey 2.95 3.00 2% 3.30 10% 1.30 1.40 8% 1.40 0% Harrow 2.75 2.90 5% 3.00 3% 1.60 1.65 3% 1.70 3% Havering 2.20 2.25 2% 2.30 2% 1.30 1.35 4% 1.40 4% Hillingdon 2.50 2.50 0% 2.50 0% 1.25 1.25 0% 1.25 0% Hounslow 3.10 3.20 3% 2.65 -17% 1.45 1.30 -10% 1.10 -18% Kingston-upon-Thames 2.50 2.60 4% 2.10 -19% 1.70 1.80 6% 1.35 -33% Merton 2.75 2.90 5% 2.95 2% 1.45 1.55 7% 1.60 3% Newham 2.60 2.75 6% 2.80 2% 1.30 1.40 8% 1.45 3% Redbridge 2.45 2.45 0% 2.60 6% 1.20 1.20 0% 1.30 8% Richmond-upon-Thames 3.15 2.20 -30% 2.30 5% 2.40 1.30 -46% 1.40 7% Sutton 2.15 2.20 2% 2.30 5% 1.40 1.45 4% 1.50 3% Waltham Forest 2.70 2.80 4% 2.95 5% 1.10 1.15 5% 1.20 4%

METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS

GREATER MANCHESTER Bolton 2.20 2.30 5% 2.40 4% 1.00 1.10 10% 1.20 8% Bury 2.00 2.10 5% 2.20 5% 1.05 1.10 5% 1.10 0% Manchester 1.80 1.90 6% 1.95 3% 1.05 1.15 10% 1.20 4% Oldham Rochdale 1.85 1.85 0% 2.00 8% 1.00 1.00 0% 1.00 0% Salford 1.80 2.25 25% 2.40 7% 0.90 1.15 28% 1.25 8% Stockport 2.50 2.65 1.35 1.45 Tameside 1.85 2.20 19% 2.30 5% 1.15 1.20 4% 1.25 4% Trafford 2.10 2.20 5% 2.30 5% 0.95 1.00 5% 1.10 9% Wigan 2.00 2.10 5% 2.20 5% 1.25 1.30 4% 1.40 7%

MERSEYSIDE Knowsley Liverpool 1.40 2.50 79% 2.50 0% 1.00 1.40 40% 1.40 0% St Helens 2.00 2.20 10% 2.40 9% 1.40 1.50 7% 1.60 6% Sefton 2.30 2.35 2% 2.50 6% 1.15 1.20 4% 1.30 8%

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2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ 2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ adult adult decrease adult decrease junior junior decrease junior decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ Wirral 2.30 2.40 4% 2.50 4% 1.15 1.20 4% 1.25 4%

SOUTH YORKSHIRE Barnsley Doncaster 2.70 2.70 0% 2.70 0% 1.35 1.35 0% 1.35 0% Rotherham 2.60 2.60 0% 2.60 0% 1.30 1.30 0% 1.35 4% Sheffield 2.80 2.90 4% 2.90 0% 1.40 1.80 29% 1.80 0%

TYNE & WEAR Gateshead 2.10 2.20 1.20 1.30 8% Newcastle upon Tyne 2.40 2.60 8% 2.75 6% 1.40 1.60 14% 1.70 6% North Tyneside 2.40 2.45 2% 2.50 2% 1.60 1.65 3% 1.70 3% South Tyneside 2.00 2.25 13% 2.40 7% 1.50 1.60 7% 1.70 6% Sunderland 2.00 2.10 5% 2.10 0% 2.00 2.10 5% 2.10 0%

WEST MIDLANDS Birmingham 2.30 2.40 4% 2.50 4% 1.30 1.40 8% 1.50 7% Coventry 2.50 2.65 6% 2.80 6% 1.50 1.60 7% 1.70 6% Dudley 2.00 2.10 5% 2.25 7% 1.15 1.20 4% 1.30 8% Sandwell 2.00 2.30 1.00 1.20 20% Solihull 2.50 2.50 0% 2.70 8% 1.65 1.70 3% 1.80 6% Walsall 2.60 1.35 Wolverhampton 2.00 2.15 8% 2.50 16% 1.10 1.15 5% 1.25 9%

WEST YORKSHIRE Bradford 2.50 2.65 6% 2.70 2% 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4% Calderdale 2.15 2.25 5% 2.30 2% 1.30 1.30 0% 1.35 4% Kirklees 2.45 2.55 4% 2.65 4% 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4% Leeds 2.50 2.60 4% 2.70 4% 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4% Wakefield 2.50 2.50 0% 2.50 0% 1.40 1.40 0% 1.40 0%

UNITARY AUTHORITIES

Bath & North East Somerset 2.65 2.75 4% 1.60 1.65 3% Blackburn with Darwen 2.25 2.35 4% 2.40 2% 1.35 1.40 4% 1.45 4% Blackpool 2.50 2.20 -12% 2.50 14% 1.25 1.20 -4% 1.25 4% Bournemouth 2.50 2.70 8% 2.80 4% 1.70 1.90 12% 2.00 5% Bracknell Forest 2.00 2.10 5% 2.15 2% 1.40 1.45 4% 1.50 3% Brighton & Hove 2.70 2.80 4% 2.90 4% 1.40 1.45 4% 1.50 3% Bristol 2.00 2.10 5% 2.20 5% 1.00 1.10 10% 1.20 9% Darlington 2.20 2.30 5% 1.40 1.50 7% Derby 2.10 2.15 2% 2.25 5% 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% East Riding of Yorkshire 2.30 2.30 0% 2.40 4% 1.15 1.55 35% 1.60 3% Halton 1.95 2.00 3% 2.05 2% 0.75 0.80 7% 0.85 6% Hartlepool 1.35 1.35 0% 1.50 11% 0.90 0.90 0% 1.10 22% Herefordshire 2.60 1.30 Isle of Wight 2.00 2.10 5% 2.20 5% 1.30 1.35 4% 1.45 7% Kingston-upon-Hull 1.80 2.20 22% 1.45 -34% 1.10 1.40 27% 0.90 -36% Leicester 2.20 2.75 25% 2.60 -5% 1.35 1.50 11% 1.50 0% Luton 1.75 1.80 3% 1.85 3% 1.30 1.15 -12% 1.20 4% Medway 2.50 2.60 4% 2.75 6% 1.60 1.80 13% 1.80 0% Middlesbrough 1.30 2.20 69% 2.30 5% 1.10 1.15 5% 1.20 4% Milton Keynes 2.40 1.05 North East Lincolnshire 1.80 2.00 1.30 1.35 4% North Lincolnshire 2.25 2.30 2% 2.35 2% 1.55 1.60 3% 1.65 3% North Somerset 2.45 2.50 2% 2.55 2% 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% Nottingham 2.00 2.00 0% 2.00 0% 1.00 1.00 0% 1.00 0% Peterborough 2.05 2.40 17% 2.50 4% 1.45 1.60 10% 1.65 3% Plymouth 2.40 2.40 1.70 1.70 0% Poole 2.60 2.35 -10% 2.50 6% 1.30 1.20 -8% 1.30 8% Portsmouth 2.25 2.30 2% 2.35 2% 1.20 1.20 0% 1.25 4%

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2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ 2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ adult adult decrease adult decrease junior junior decrease junior decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ Reading 2.95 2.55 -14% 2.55 0% 1.55 1.30 -16% 1.30 0% Redcar & Cleveland 1.85 2.10 14% 2.15 2% 1.20 1.15 -4% 1.20 4% Rutland Slough 2.20 3.55 1.50 2.60 South Gloucestershire 2.40 2.50 4% 2.60 4% 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4% Southampton 2.30 3.40 48% 1.40 2.15 54% Southend-on-Sea 2.30 2.40 4% 2.50 4% 1.20 1.30 8% 1.50 15% Stockton-on-Tees 2.65 2.00 -25% 2.05 2% 1.60 1.20 -25% 1.25 4% Stoke-on-Trent 2.50 2.70 8% 2.80 4% 1.20 1.30 8% 1.50 15% Swindon 2.60 2.80 8% 2.90 4% 1.40 1.50 7% 1.50 0% Telford & Wrekin 2.70 2.80 4% 2.90 4% 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% Thurrock 1.50 1.70 13% 2.00 18% 0.90 0.90 0% 1.00 11% Torbay 1.65 1.70 3% 1.75 3% 1.35 1.40 4% 1.45 4% Warrington 2.20 2.30 5% 2.40 4% 1.30 1.35 4% 1.40 4% West Berkshire 2.10 2.20 5% 2.25 2% 1.15 1.25 9% 1.30 4% Windsor & Maidenhead 2.60 2.70 4% 2.80 4% 1.50 1.60 7% 1.65 3% Wokingham 3.40 2.45 -28% 2.50 2% 2.40 2.45 2% 2.50 2% York 2.45 2.50 2% 2.55 2% 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3%

NON-MET DISTRICTS

BEDFORDSHIRE Bedford 2.50 2.60 4% 2.70 4% 1.25 1.30 4% 1.35 4% Mid Bedfordshire 1.85 2.85 54% 3.00 5% 0.90 1.50 67% 1.50 0% South Bedfordshire 1.60 1.65 3% 1.05 1.10 5%

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE Aylesbury Vale 2.10 3.85 83% 2.35 -39% 1.20 2.15 79% 1.30 -40% Chiltern 2.35 1.20 South Bucks Wycombe 3.40 3.50 3% 3.50 0% 1.90 2.00 5% 2.00 0%

CAMBRIDGESHIRE Cambridge 2.25 3.00 33% 3.20 7% 1.15 1.50 30% 1.60 7% East Cambridgeshire 2.10 2.35 1.50 1.75 17% Fenland Huntingdonshire 1.90 2.00 5% 2.20 10% 1.20 1.30 8% 1.50 15% South Cambridgeshire

CHESHIRE Chester 2.20 2.20 Congleton 2.15 1.30 Crewe & Nantwich 2.35 1.25 Ellesmere Port & Neston 2.10 2.30 10% 2.40 4% 1.05 1.15 10% 1.20 4% Macclesfield 2.05 2.10 2% 2.20 5% 1.35 1.40 4% 1.50 7% Vale Royal 2.10 2.20 5% 2.30 5% 1.10 1.20 9% 1.25 4%

CORNWALL Caradon 1.90 2.00 5% 2.10 5% 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% Carrick 2.10 2.15 2% 2.50 16% 1.20 1.25 4% 1.50 20% Kerrier 1.95 1.50 North Cornwall 1.75 2.20 26% 2.30 5% 1.20 1.30 8% 1.40 8% Penwith 2.00 2.00 1.55 1.55 0% Restormel 1.90 2.20 1.00 1.20

CUMBRIA Allerdale 2.00 2.05 2% 2.20 7% 1.15 1.20 4% 1.50 25% Barrow-in-Furness 3.10 3.20 3% 3.20 0% 1.40 1.60 14% 1.60 0% Carlisle 2.00 2.10 5% 2.20 5% 1.25 1.30 4% 1.35 4% Copeland 2.20 2.30 5% 2.50 9% 1.55 1.65 6% 1.70 3% Eden 1.80 1.85 3% 1.90 3% 0.90 0.95 6% 0.95 0%

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2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ 2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ adult adult decrease adult decrease junior junior decrease junior decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ South Lakeland 1.80 0.90

DERBYSHIRE Amber Valley Bolsover 2.20 1.85 -16% 2.60 41% 1.15 1.30 13% 1.50 15% Chesterfield 1.55 1.60 3% 1.70 6% 1.10 1.15 5% 1.20 4% Derbyshire Dales 1.60 1.95 22% 2.10 8% 1.10 1.00 -9% 1.05 5% Erewash 2.60 High Peak North East Derbyshire 1.95 2.05 5% 2.10 2% 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4% South Derbyshire 2.00

DEVON East Devon 2.00 2.10 5% 2.25 7% 1.00 1.10 10% 1.15 5% Exeter Mid Devon 2.00 1.15 North Devon 2.10 2.15 2% 2.25 5% 1.45 1.45 0% 1.50 3% South Hams 1.90 2.10 11% 2.30 10% 1.35 1.45 7% 1.60 10% Teignbridge Torridge 1.80 1.85 1.05 1.05 0% West Devon 2.40 2.50 4% 1.60 1.70 6%

DORSET Christchurch 2.60 East Dorset 2.10 2.20 5% 2.30 5% 1.50 1.60 7% 1.70 6% North Dorset 1.80 1.80 0% 2.60 44% 1.20 1.20 0% 2.00 67% Purbeck 2.10 2.25 7% 1.25 1.30 4% West Dorset 2.25 1.35 Weymouth & Portland

DURHAM Chester-le-Street 2.25 2.40 7% 2.50 4% 1.25 1.50 20% 1.55 3% Derwentside 2.00 2.10 5% 2.15 2% 1.30 1.40 8% 1.45 4% Durham City Easington Sedgefield Teesdale 1.30 1.35 4% 1.40 4% 1.05 1.10 5% 1.15 5% Wear Valley 1.50 0.75

EAST SUSSEX Eastbourne 3.30 3.00 -9% 3.30 10% 2.65 2.50 -6% 2.70 8% Hastings 2.55 1.60 -37% 1.65 3% 1.65 1.10 -33% 1.15 5% Lewes 2.70 2.85 6% 2.90 2% 1.50 1.60 7% 1.65 3% Rother 2.60 2.70 4% 2.75 2% 2.00 2.10 5% 2.25 7% Wealden

ESSEX Basildon 1.90 1.95 3% 2.00 3% 0.80 0.80 0% 0.85 6% Braintree 2.50 2.50 0% 1.90 1.90 0% Brentwood 2.10 2.20 5% 2.30 5% 1.00 1.10 10% 1.20 9% Castle Point 2.10 2.15 2% 2.45 14% 1.15 1.20 4% 1.35 13% Chelmsford 3.00 3.05 2% 3.10 2% 1.80 1.85 3% 1.95 5% Colchester 2.50 2.60 4% 2.75 6% 1.30 1.35 4% 1.45 7% Epping Forest Harlow Maldon Rochford 3.15 2.15 Tendring 2.30 2.30 0% 2.60 13% 1.40 1.40 0% 2.00 43% Uttlesford 2.50 2.60 4% 2.60 0% 1.85 1.90 3% 1.90 0%

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2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ 2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ adult adult decrease adult decrease junior junior decrease junior decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ GLOUCESTERSHIRE Cheltenham 2.50 2.60 4% 1.25 1.30 4% Cotswold 2.10 1.15 Forest of Dean 2.00 2.10 5% 2.30 10% 1.00 1.10 10% 1.15 5% Gloucester 1.75 1.80 3% 2.40 33% 1.35 1.40 4% 1.60 14% Stroud 1.50 1.65 10% 1.70 3% 0.85 0.90 6% 0.95 6% Tewkesbury 2.25 2.40 7% 2.50 4% 1.10 1.15 5% 1.20 4%

HAMPSHIRE Basingstoke & Deane 3.05 2.10 -31% 1.85 1.35 -27% East Hampshire 3.05 2.65 -13% 2.70 2% 1.85 1.70 -8% 1.75 3% Eastleigh 2.60 1.25 Fareham 2.20 2.30 5% 2.35 2% 1.60 1.70 6% 1.70 0% Gosport 1.95 2.00 3% 2.05 2% 1.30 1.35 4% 1.40 4% Hart 2.50 2.60 4% 2.75 6% 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% Havant 2.15 1.85 -14% 1.30 1.15 -12% New Forest 1.90 2.00 5% 2.10 5% 0.95 0.95 0% 1.20 26% Rushmoor 2.60 2.70 4% 2.80 4% 1.90 2.00 5% 2.05 2% Test Valley 1.80 2.40 33% 1.90 -21% 0.90 1.50 67% 1.00 -33% Winchester 2.06 2.30 12% 2.30 0% 1.08 1.20 11% 1.20 0%

HERTFORDSHIRE Broxbourne 2.10 2.30 10% 2.40 4% 1.00 1.10 10% 1.35 23% Dacorum 1.65 1.70 3% 1.80 6% 1.25 1.30 4% 1.40 8% East Hertfordshire 2.50 2.60 4% 2.80 8% 1.20 1.30 8% 1.40 8% Hertsmere 1.85 2.00 8% 3.10 55% 1.15 1.30 13% 2.20 69% North Hertfordshire 1.90 2.10 11% 3.40 62% 0.95 1.05 11% 1.70 62% St Albans 2.05 2.20 7% 2.40 9% 1.15 1.20 4% 1.20 0% Stevenage 2.60 3.10 19% 1.30 1.80 38% Three Rivers 2.25 2.50 11% 2.50 0% 1.15 1.30 13% 1.30 0% Watford 2.75 1.75 Welwyn Hatfield 2.80 2.90 4% 3.00 3% 1.50 1.65 10% 1.70 3%

KENT Ashford Canterbury Dartford 2.60 2.70 4% 1.60 1.65 3% Dover 1.80 1.85 3% 2.80 51% 0.90 0.95 6% 1.45 53% Gravesham 1.80 1.90 6% 2.00 5% 1.10 1.10 0% 1.20 9% Maidstone 2.35 2.40 2% 2.45 2% 1.30 1.35 4% 1.40 4% Sevenoaks Shepway 2.15 2.15 0% 2.35 9% 1.10 1.10 0% 1.20 9% Swale Thanet 2.40 2.60 8% Tonbridge & Malling 2.80 2.90 4% 3.10 7% 1.60 1.70 6% 1.90 12% Tunbridge Wells 2.80 2.85 2% 3.00 5% 1.70 1.70 0% 1.80 6%

LANCASHIRE Burnley 1.40 0.85 Chorley 2.30 2.40 4% 1.55 1.60 3% Fylde 2.15 2.20 2% 2.35 7% 1.10 1.15 5% 1.25 9% Hyndburn Lancaster 2.50 2.60 4% 2.70 4% 1.25 1.30 4% 1.35 4% Pendle 2.80 2.00 Preston 2.05 2.10 2% 2.15 2% 1.00 1.00 0% 1.05 5% Ribble Valley 2.10 2.20 5% 2.30 5% 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4% Rossendale South Ribble West Lancashire 1.90 2.00 5% 2.00 0% 1.00 1.05 5% 1.10 5% Wyre 1.95 2.05 5% 2.15 5% 1.00 1.05 5% 1.10 5%

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2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ 2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ adult adult decrease adult decrease junior junior decrease junior decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ LEICESTERSHIRE Blaby 1.85 2.30 24% 2.35 2% 0.95 1.30 37% 1.35 4% Charnwood 1.80 1.00 Harborough 2.30 2.35 2% 2.40 2% 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% Hinckley & Bosworth 2.10 2.15 2% 2.25 5% 1.20 1.20 0% 1.20 0% Melton 1.90 2.00 5% 2.10 5% 0.95 1.00 5% 1.05 5% North West Leicestershire 2.40 1.50 Oadby & Wigston 2.40 2.45 2% 2.45 0% 1.50 1.55 3% 1.55 0%

LINCOLNSHIRE Boston 1.85 East Lindsey 3.45 3.00 -13% 3.00 0% 2.00 1.85 -8% 1.30 -30% Lincoln 2.00 2.10 5% 2.10 0% 1.20 1.30 8% 1.60 23% North Kesteven 1.80 2.00 11% 2.10 5% 1.30 1.50 15% 1.40 -7% South Holland 1.95 1.95 0% 2.00 3% 1.35 1.35 0% 1.80 33% South Kesteven 2.60 2.70 4% 2.80 4% 1.60 1.70 6% 1.55 -9% West Lindsey 1.50 1.50 0% 2.05 37% 0.90 0.90 0%

NORFOLK Breckland 3.50 3.50 0% 3.60 3% 2.10 2.10 0% 2.20 5% Broadland 1.90 1.95 3% 2.00 3% 1.15 1.20 4% 1.25 4% Great Yarmouth 1.75 2.90 1.20 2.50 Kings Lynn & West Norfolk 2.60 2.80 8% 2.90 4% 1.50 1.60 7% 1.70 6% North Norfolk 1.60 1.70 6% 1.80 6% 1.05 1.10 5% 1.15 5% Norwich 3.20 1.90 South Norfolk 2.25 2.35 4% 2.60 11% 1.00 1.10 10% 1.25 14%

NORTH YORKSHIRE Craven 1.85 2.05 11% 2.70 32% 0.90 1.00 11% 1.60 60% Hambleton 1.95 2.05 5% 2.25 10% 1.10 1.15 5% 1.25 9% Richmondshire 2.15 2.30 7% 2.40 4% 1.30 1.40 8% 1.45 4% Scarborough 2.30 2.50 9% 1.30 1.50 15% Harrogate 2.75 2.90 5% 2.95 2% 1.90 2.00 5% 2.10 5% Ryedale 2.25 2.35 4% 2.45 4% 1.25 1.30 4% 1.35 4% Selby 2.25 2.30 2% 2.40 4% 1.35 1.40 4% 1.45 4%

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE Corby Daventry 2.30 2.00 -13% 2.00 0% 1.40 1.00 -29% 1.00 0% East Northamptonshire Kettering 2.00 2.10 5% 2.20 5% 1.00 1.10 10% 1.10 0% Northampton 1.20 2.10 75% 1.90 -10% 0.90 1.50 67% 1.30 -13% South Northamptonshire 2.20 1.80 Wellingborough 2.00 2.20 10% 2.30 5% 1.00 1.10 10% 1.10 0%

NORTHUMBERLAND Alnwick 2.00 1.00 Berwick-upon-Tweed 2.30 2.40 4% 2.50 4% 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% Blyth Valley 1.50 1.55 3% 1.05 1.10 5% Castle Morpeth Tynedale 2.40 2.50 4% 2.65 6% 1.40 1.50 7% 1.60 7% Wansbeck 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% 0.80 0.85 6% 0.90 6%

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE Ashfield 2.10 2.55 1.40 1.60 Bassetlaw 2.15 2.25 5% 2.35 4% 1.20 1.25 4% 1.20 -4% Broxtowe 2.10 2.20 5% 2.25 2% 1.30 1.35 4% 1.40 4% Gedling 2.20 2.30 5% 2.40 4% 1.10 1.15 5% 1.30 13% Mansfield 2.75 3.00 9% 3.20 7% 1.60 1.80 13% 2.00 11% Newark & Sherwood 2.00 2.20 10% 2.30 5% 1.30 1.50 15% 1.60 7% Rushcliffe

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2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ 2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ adult adult decrease adult decrease junior junior decrease junior decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ OXFORDSHIRE Cherwell Oxford 3.00 1.50 South Oxfordshire 2.95 Vale of White Horse 2.40 2.40 0% 2.50 4% 1.60 1.60 0% 1.70 6% West Oxfordshire 1.80 1.85 3% 2.00 8% 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4%

SHROPSHIRE Bridgnorth 1.85 1.95 5% 2.10 8% 1.00 1.05 5% 1.10 5% North Shropshire Oswestry 2.40 Shrewsbury & Atcham 2.60 2.70 4% 2.80 4% 1.25 1.35 8% 1.40 4% South Shropshire

SOMERSET Mendip 2.15 2.20 2% 1.10 1.10 0% Sedgemoor 2.05 1.40 Taunton Deane 2.10 2.20 5% 2.30 5% 1.10 1.20 9% 1.30 8% South Somerset West Somerset

STAFFORDSHIRE Cannock Chase 2.00 2.20 10% 2.35 7% 1.50 1.50 0% 1.50 0% East Staffordshire 2.25 2.35 4% 2.45 4% 1.35 1.40 4% 1.45 4% Lichfield 1.60 1.70 6% 1.90 12% 0.80 0.85 6% 1.05 24% Newcastle-under-Lyme 2.50 2.55 2% 2.70 6% 1.25 1.30 4% 1.35 4% South Staffordshire 2.05 2.15 5% 2.10 -2% 1.20 1.30 8% 1.35 4% Stafford 2.00 2.10 5% 2.10 0% 1.00 1.05 5% 1.10 5% Staffordshire Moorlands 2.10 1.90 -10% 1.95 3% 1.15 1.20 4% 1.20 0% Tamworth 1.95 2.00 3% 2.05 2% 1.25 1.30 4% 1.35 4%

SUFFOLK Babergh Forest Heath 1.90 2.10 11% 2.30 10% 0.95 1.05 11% 1.15 10% Ipswich 2.50 2.50 0% 2.50 0% 1.40 1.40 0% 1.40 0% Mid Suffolk 2.30 2.40 4% 2.60 8% 1.20 1.20 0% 1.30 8% St Edmundsbury 2.30 2.40 4% 2.50 4% 1.35 1.40 4% 1.50 7% Suffolk Coastal 2.10 2.15 2% 2.20 2% 1.30 1.35 4% 1.40 4% Waveney 2.60 2.80 8% 2.95 5% 1.30 1.40 8% 1.50 7%

SURREY Elmbridge 2.30 2.45 7% 2.55 4% 1.05 1.10 5% 1.15 5% Epsom & Ewell 1.85 1.35 Guildford 2.70 1.85 Mole Valley 2.40 2.45 2% 2.50 2% 1.35 1.35 0% 1.40 4% Reigate & Banstead 1.90 1.95 3% 2.00 3% 1.00 1.00 0% 1.00 0% Runnymede Spelthorne 2.35 2.40 2% 2.50 4% 1.45 1.50 3% 1.60 7% Surrey Heath 2.70 2.80 4% 2.90 4% 1.65 1.75 6% 1.80 3% Tandridge Waverley 2.30 2.30 0% 2.50 9% 1.40 1.40 0% 1.50 7% Woking 2.40 2.50 4% 2.60 4% 1.40 1.50 7% 1.60 7%

WARWICKSHIRE North Warwickshire 2.20 2.30 5% 2.40 4% 1.30 1.30 0% 1.40 8% Nuneaton & Bedworth 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% Free Free Free Rugby 2.05 2.15 5% 2.20 2% 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4% Stratford-on-Avon 2.60 2.60 0% 2.65 2% 1.50 2.50 67% 1.60 -36% Warwick 2.65 2.75 4% 2.85 4% 1.35 1.40 4% 1.45 4%

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2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ 2001-2 2002-3 Increase/ 2003-4 Increase/ adult adult decrease adult decrease junior junior decrease junior decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ WEST SUSSEX Adur 2.70 2.75 2% 2.80 2% 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% Arun 1.70 3.30 1.10 2.40 Chichester 2.90 1.55 -47% 2.15 39% 1.75 1.05 -40% 1.20 14% Crawley 1.90 2.00 5% 2.10 5% 1.10 1.10 0% 1.20 9% Horsham 2.70 1.50 Mid Sussex 2.85 3.10 9% 3.25 5% 1.60 1.75 9% 1.85 6% Worthing

WILTSHIRE Kennet 2.00 2.00 0% 2.55 28% 1.35 1.35 0% 1.55 15% North Wiltshire Salisbury 1.75 1.75 0% 3.00 71% 1.00 1.00 0% 1.85 85% West Wiltshire 1.85 1.90 3% 1.95 3% 1.45 1.50 3% 1.55 3%

WORCESTERSHIRE Bromsgrove 2.20 2.30 5% 2.30 0% 1.10 1.20 9% 1.20 0% Malvern Hills Redditch 2.10 1.80 -14% 1.80 0% 1.10 0.95 -14% 0.85 -11% Worcester 2.30 1.15 Wychavon 1.55 2.25 45% 1.80 -20% 0.90 1.55 72% 1.10 -29% Wyre Forest 2.10 2.15 2% 2.20 2% 1.00 1.00 0% 1.10 10%

WALES

Blaenau Gwent Bridgend 2.25 2.35 4% 1.25 1.30 Caerphilly 2.00 2.10 5% 2.20 5% 1.00 1.05 5% 1.00 -5% Cardiff 1.90 2.00 5% 2.10 5% 0.90 1.00 11% 1.05 5% Carmarthenshire 2.10 2.25 1.20 1.30 Ceredigion 1.70 1.70 0% 1.90 12% 1.10 1.10 0% 1.20 9% Conwy 2.35 2.45 4% 2.55 4% 1.85 1.95 5% 2.00 3% Denbighshire 1.80 2.00 11% 2.10 5% 1.00 1.10 10% 1.20 9% Flintshire 1.80 1.80 0% 1.90 6% 0.90 0.90 0% 0.95 6% Gwynedd 1.80 2.00 11% 2.10 5% 1.20 1.20 0% 1.30 8% Isle of Anglesey 1.70 1.80 6% 2.00 11% 1.10 1.20 9% 1.20 0% Merthyr Tydfil 1.95 2.00 3% 2.05 2% 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4% Monmouthshire 1.70 2.00 18% 2.20 10% 0.85 1.00 18% 1.10 10% Neath Port Talbot 2.10 2.20 5% 2.30 5% 1.20 1.30 8% 1.40 8% Newport 2.10 2.10 1.05 1.05 Pembrokeshire 1.55 1.60 3% 1.65 3% 0.95 1.00 5% 1.00 0% Powys 1.80 2.00 11% 2.60 30% 1.10 1.20 9% 1.65 38% Rhondda Cynon Taff 1.80 1.85 3% 1.90 3% 1.00 1.05 5% 1.10 5% Swansea Torfaen 2.00 2.00 0% 2.00 0% 0.95 0.95 0% 1.00 5% Vale of Glamorgan 1.80 1.80 0% 1.85 3% 1.40 1.45 4% 1.50 3% Wrexham 2.75 2.75 0% 2.95 7% 1.75 1.75 0% 1.90 9%

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Table 77:

Regular Pool Charges Leisure Pool Charges 2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 senior senior Increase/ senior Increase/ senior senior Increase/ senior Increase/ citizen citizen decrease citizen decrease citizen citizen decrease citizen decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ LONDON

Corporation of London 1.20 1.20 0% 1.20 0%

INNER LONDON Camden 2.70 2.80 4% 1.00 -64% 2.70 Greenwich 2.50 2.55 2% 2.65 4% 4.25 4.40 4% 4.50 2% Hackney 1.00 1.50 50% 1.50 0% 0.50 1.50 Hammersmith & Fulham 1.50 1.40 1.40 0% Islington 0.90 Free Free 0.90 Free Free Kensington & Chelsea 0.80 0.80 0% 0.80 0% Lambeth 2.15 2.15 0% 2.55 19% 2.15 2.55 Lewisham Free 0.95 0.95 0% Free Free Free Southwark 1.15 0.50 -57% 1.15 Tower Hamlets 1.90 1.05 -45% 1.05 0% Wandsworth 1.00 1.95 95% 2.12 9% 1.80 1.95 8% 2.12 9% Westminster Free Free Free

OUTER LONDON Barking & Dagenham 1.45 1.25 -14% 1.55 24% 1.65 1.65 0% 1.9 15% Barnet 1.35 1.60 19% 1.70 6% 1.35 1.60 19% 1.70 6% Bexley 2.10 1.20 -43% 1.25 4% 0.00 0.00 0.00 Brent 2.50 2.75 0.00 0.00 Bromley 1.45 1.50 3% 1.55 3% 1.65 1.65 0% 1.75 6% Croydon 1.10 1.15 5% Ealing 1.40 1.40 0.00 Enfield 2.50 2.60 4% 3.00 15% Haringey 1.20 3.00 150% 3.30 10% 1.20 3.50 192% 3.50 0% Harrow 2.75 Free Free Havering 1.30 1.35 4% 1.40 4% Hillingdon 1.25 1.40 12% 1.40 0% Hounslow 1.45 1.50 3% 1.35 -10% 1.45 1.50 3% 1.55 3% Kingston-upon-Thames 1.90 0.80 -58% 2.10 163% 0.00 0.80 2.10 Merton 2.75 2.20 -20% 1.50 -32% Newham 0.65 0.70 8% 0.70 0% Redbridge 1.20 1.20 0% 1.30 8% Richmond-upon-Thames 1.15 1.10 -4% 1.30 18% Sutton Free Free 2.30 Waltham Forest 1.10 1.15 5% 1.20 4% 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3%

METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS

GREATER MANCHESTER Bolton 2.20 1.10 -50% 2.40 118% 3.95 2.00 -49% Bury 1.05 1.10 5% 1.10 0% Manchester 1.80 1.90 6% 1.95 3% 3.10 Oldham Rochdale 1.35 1.35 0% 1.50 11% Salford Free 2.25 2.40 7% Stockport 1.35 1.45 1.35 1.45 Tameside 0.60 0.70 17% 0.75 7% 1.20 1.30 8% 1.35 4% Trafford Free Free 1.10 Wigan 1.00 1.05 5% 1.10 5%

MERSEYSIDE Knowsley Liverpool 1.00 1.40 40% 1.40 0% 1.00 1.40 40% 1.40 0% St Helens 1.40 1.50 7% 1.60 7% Sefton 1.15 1.20 4% 1.30 8% 1.15 1.20 4% 1.30 8%

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SOUTH YORKSHIRE Barnsley Doncaster 2.00 2.00 0% 1.350 -33% Rotherham 1.30 1.30 0% 1.350 4% 1.40 1.40 0% 1.45 4% Sheffield 1.60 1.60 0% 2.500 56%

TYNE & WEAR Gateshead 0.90 1.000 11% Newcastle upon Tyne 1.40 1.60 14% 1.700 6% 1.40 1.60 14% 1.70 6% North Tyneside 1.60 1.65 3% 1.700 3% 0.00 1.65 1.80 9% South Tyneside 1.50 1.60 7% 1.700 6% 1.55 1.60 3% 1.70 6% Sunderland 2.00 2.10 5% 2.100 0% 2.00 2.10 5% 2.10 0%

WEST MIDLANDS Birmingham 1.30 1.40 8% 1.500 7% 1.20 1.40 17% 1.50 7% Coventry 2.20 2.35 7% 2.450 4% 2.20 2.35 7% 2.45 4% Dudley 1.00 1.10 10% 1.300 18% 1.25 1.50 20% 1.75 17% Sandwell 1.00 2.30 130% Solihull 1.45 1.50 3% 1.60 7% Walsall 2.60 2.6 Wolverhampton 1.10 2.15 95% 2.50 16%

WEST YORKSHIRE Bradford 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4% 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4% Calderdale 1.30 1.35 4% 1.40 4% Kirklees 1.20 1.25 4% 1.40 12% 1.20 1.25 4% 1.40 12% Leeds 1.40 1.45 4% 1.50 3% 1.40 Wakefield 1.40 1.40 0% 1.40 0% 1.70 1.70 0% 1.70 0%

UNITARY AUTHORITIES

Bath & North East Somerset1.60 1.65 3% 1.6 1.65 3% Blackburn with Darwen 1.35 1.40 4% 1.450 4% 1.95 2.15 10% 2.25 5% Blackpool 1.25 1.20 -4% 1.250 4% 1.25 Bournemouth 2.00 2.20 10% 2.300 5% 1.50 1.90 27% Bracknell Forest 1.40 1.45 4% 1.500 3% 5.50 5.70 4% 5.70 0% Brighton & Hove 1.40 1.45 4% 1.500 3% Bristol 1.10 1.15 5% 1.200 4% Darlington 0.90 1.000 11% Derby 1.50 1.55 3% 1.600 3% East Riding of Yorkshire 1.05 1.55 48% 1.50 -3% Halton 1.05 1.00 -5% 1.00 0% Hartlepool 0.95 0.95 0% 1.50 58% Herefordshire 1.30 1.30 Isle of Wight 1.30 1.35 4% 1.45 7% Kingston-upon-Hull 1.10 1.10 0% 0.73 -34% 0.73 Leicester 1.35 1.75 30% 1.50 -14% 1.60 2.20 38% 1.60 -27% Luton Free 1.15 1.20 4% Medway 1.60 1.80 13% 1.85 3% 2.60 2.70 4% 2.80 4% Middlesbrough 1.10 1.15 5% 1.20 4% Milton Keynes 0.95 Free 2.50 North East Lincolnshire 1.10 1.10 0% 0.00 1.10 North Lincolnshire 1.55 1.60 3% 1.65 3% 1.55 1.60 3% 1.65 3% North Somerset 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% Nottingham 1.60 2.00 25% 2.00 0% Peterborough 2.05 1.45 -29% 1.55 7% Plymouth 1.70 1.70 0% Poole 1.30 1.20 -8% 1.30 8% Portsmouth 1.20 1.20 0% 1.25 4% 1.90 1.95 3% 1.95 0% Reading 2.35 1.95 -17% 1.95 0% 1.95 2.35 21% 2.35 0% Redcar & Cleveland 1.25 1.15 -8% 1.20 4% Rutland

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2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 senior senior Increase/ senior Increase/ senior senior Increase/ senior Increase/ citizen citizen decrease citizen decrease citizen citizen decrease citizen decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ Slough 2.20 3.55 South Gloucestershire 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4% Southampton 1.40 2.15 54% 1.40 2.15 54% Southend-on-Sea 1.20 1.30 8% 1.50 15% Stockton-on-Tees 1.50 1.50 0% 1.55 3% 1.50 Stoke-on-Trent 1.50 2.70 80% 2.80 4% 2.20 3.25 48% 3.30 2% Swindon 0.70 2.80 300% 1.50 -46% 0.70 3.50 400% 1.80 -49% Telford & Wrekin Free Free Free Thurrock 1.50 1.70 13% 2.00 18% Torbay 1.45 1.50 3% 1.55 3% Warrington 1.30 1.35 4% 1.40 4% West Berkshire 1.15 1.25 9% 1.30 4% 1.25 Windsor & Maidenhead 1.50 1.60 7% 1.65 3% 1.50 1.60 7% 1.65 3% Wokingham 2.40 1.90 -21% 1.90 0% 0.00 1.90 1.90 0% York 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3%

NON-MET DISTRICTS

BEDFORDSHIRE Bedford 1.25 1.30 4% 1.35 4% 3.20 3.40 6% 3.60 6% Mid Bedfordshire 0.90 0.90 0% 1.50 67% South Bedfordshire 1.05 1.10 5%

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE Aylesbury Vale 1.20 2.15 79% 1.30 -40% 1.20 2.15 79% 2.20 2% Chiltern 1.20 3.25 South Bucks Wycombe 1.90 2.00 5% 2.00 0%

CAMBRIDGESHIRE Cambridge 1.15 1.30 13% 1.40 8% East Cambridgeshire 1.50 1.75 17% 1.50 1.75 17% Fenland Huntingdonshire 1.20 1.30 8% 1.50 15% South Cambridgeshire

CHESHIRE Chester 2.20 0.70 Congleton 1.30 Crewe & Nantwich 0.85 Ellesmere Port & Neston 1.05 1.15 10% 1.20 4% Macclesfield 1.15 1.20 4% 1.50 25% 1.20 1.50 Vale Royal 0.90 1.10 22% 1.25 14%

CORNWALL Caradon 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% Carrick 1.30 1.35 4% 1.80 33% 2.50 2.60 4% 2.70 4% Kerrier 1.50 North Cornwall 1.20 1.30 8% 1.40 8% 0.00 1.30 1.40 8% Penwith 1.55 1.55 Restormel 1.00 1.20 3.00 3.20

CUMBRIA Allerdale 1.15 1.20 4% 1.50 25% 2.70 2.80 4% 2.90 4% Barrow-in-Furness 1.40 1.60 14% 1.60 0% 1.40 1.60 14% 1.60 0% Carlisle 1.25 1.30 4% 1.00 -23% Copeland 1.10 2.30 109% 1.10 -52% Eden 0.90 0.95 6% 0.95 0% South Lakeland 0.90

DERBYSHIRE Amber Valley Bolsover 1.15 1.30 13% 1.50 15% Chesterfield 1.10 1.15 5% 1.20 4%

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2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 senior senior Increase/ senior Increase/ senior senior Increase/ senior Increase/ citizen citizen decrease citizen decrease citizen citizen decrease citizen decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ Derbyshire Dales 1.10 1.00 -9% 1.05 5% Erewash 2.60 High Peak North East Derbyshire Free 1.25 1.00 -20% South Derbyshire 1.05

DEVON East Devon 1.60 1.70 6% 1.80 6% Exeter Mid Devon 1.15 North Devon 1.65 1.65 0% 1.75 6% South Hams 1.35 1.45 7% 1.60 10% Teignbridge Torridge 1.05 1.05 0% West Devon 1.60 1.70 6% 3.00 3.20 7%

DORSET Christchurch 1.85 East Dorset 1.60 1.70 6% 1.80 6% North Dorset 1.20 1.20 0% 2.00 67% 0.00 1.20 2.00 Purbeck 1.25 1.35 8% West Dorset 1.35 Weymouth & Portland

DURHAM Chester-le-Street 1.25 1.50 20% 1.55 3% Derwentside 1.30 1.40 8% 1.45 4% Durham City Easington Sedgefield Teesdale 1.10 1.15 5% 1.20 4% Wear Valley 1.50 1.50

EAST SUSSEX Eastbourne 1.95 2.00 3% 1.95 2.00 3% Hastings 1.65 1.10 -33% 1.15 5% Lewes 1.50 1.75 17% 1.80 3% Rother 2.00 2.10 5% 2.25 7% 2.10 2.25 Wealden 1.30

ESSEX Basildon 0.80 0.80 0% 0.85 6% Braintree 1.60 1.70 6% Brentwood 1.00 1.10 10% 1.20 9% Castle Point 1.15 1.20 4% 1.35 13% Chelmsford 1.80 1.85 3% 1.95 5% Colchester 1.30 1.35 4% 1.45 7% 2.90 3.00 3% 3.20 7% Epping Forest Harlow Maldon 1.85 1.85 0% 1.95 5% Rochford 2.15 Tendring 1.40 1.40 0% 2.00 43% Uttlesford 1.85 1.90 3% 1.90 0%

GLOUCESTERSHIRE Cheltenham 1.25 1.30 4% Cotswold 1.15 Forest of Dean 1.00 1.10 10% 1.15 5% Gloucester 1.35 1.40 4% 1.60 14% 1.60 Stroud 0.85 0.90 6% 0.94 4% Tewkesbury 1.10 1.20 9% 1.25 4% 1.10 1.20 9% 1.25 4%

HAMPSHIRE Basingstoke & Deane 1.85 1.55 -16%

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2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 senior senior Increase/ senior Increase/ senior senior Increase/ senior Increase/ citizen citizen decrease citizen decrease citizen citizen decrease citizen decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ East Hampshire 1.85 1.70 -8% 1.75 3% 1.85 1.70 -8% 1.75 3% Eastleigh 1.25 1.25 Fareham 1.70 1.80 6% 1.85 3% Gosport 1.35 1.40 4% 1.45 4% Hart 2.50 2.60 4% 2.75 6% Havant 1.30 1.15 -12% 1.30 New Forest 1.05 1.10 5% 1.20 9% Rushmoor 1.90 2.00 5% 2.00 0% Test Valley 0.85 1.45 71% 0.95 -34% 2.95 Winchester 1.08 1.20 11% 1.20 0%

HERTFORDSHIRE Broxbourne 1.05 1.35 29% 1.35 0% Dacorum 0.90 1.30 44% 1.40 8% East Hertfordshire 1.20 1.30 8% 1.40 8% Hertsmere 1.15 1.50 30% 2.60 73% North Hertfordshire 0.95 1.05 11% 1.70 62% St Albans 1.15 1.20 4% 1.20 0% Stevenage 2.00 2.50 25% Three Rivers 1.15 1.30 13% 1.30 0% Watford 1.30 Welwyn Hatfield 1.60 1.65 3% 1.70 3%

KENT Ashford Canterbury Dartford 1.50 1.55 3% Dover 0.70 0.70 0% 1.15 64% Gravesham 1.10 1.10 0% 1.20 9% 1.50 1.60 7% 1.70 6% Maidstone 1.30 1.35 4% 1.40 4% 1.30 1.35 4% 1.40 4% Sevenoaks Shepway 1.10 1.10 0% 1.20 9% Swale Thanet 2.40 2.60 8% Tonbridge & Malling 1.60 1.70 6% 1.90 12% 1.60 1.70 6% 1.90 12% Tunbridge Wells 1.70 1.70 0% 1.80 6%

LANCASHIRE Burnley 0.85 Chorley 1.55 1.60 3% 1.55 1.60 3% Fylde 1.10 1.15 5% 1.25 9% Hyndburn Lancaster 1.50 1.60 7% 1.70 6% Pendle 2.25 Preston 1.00 1.00 0% 1.05 5% Ribble Valley 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4% Rossendale South Ribble West Lancashire 0.80 1.10 38% 0.90 -18% Wyre 1.00 1.05 5% 1.10 5%

LEICESTERSHIRE Blaby 0.95 1.30 37% 1.35 4% Charnwood 1.00 Harborough 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% 1.60 Hinckley & Bosworth 0.90 0.90 0% 0.90 0% Melton 0.95 1.00 5% 1.05 5% 0.95 1.00 5% 1.05 5% North West Leicestershire 1.50 Oadby & Wigston 1.50 1.55 3% 1.55 0%

LINCOLNSHIRE Boston 1.20 1.30 8% East Lindsey 2.00 1.70 -15% 1.70 0% Lincoln 1.20 1.30 8% 1.30 0%

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2001-2 2002-3 Increase 2003-4 Increase 2001-2 2002-3 Increase 2003-4 Increase senior senior / senior / senior senior / senior / citizen citizen decrease citizen decrease citizen citizen decrease citizen decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ North Kesteven 1.30 1.50 15% 1.60 7% South Holland 1.35 1.35 0% 1.40 4% South Kesteven 1.60 1.70 6% 1.80 6% 1.60 1.70 6% 1.80 6% West Lindsey 0.90 0.90 0% 1.55 72%

NORFOLK Breckland 2.10 2.10 0% 2.20 5% 2.10 2.10 0% 2.20 5% Broadland 1.15 1.20 4% 1.25 4% Great Yarmouth 1.20 2.50 2.50 Kings Lynn & West Norfolk 1.50 1.60 7% 1.70 6% 2.40 2.50 4% 2.60 4% North Norfolk 1.05 1.10 5% 1.15 5% 3.00 Norwich 3.20 0.00 0.00 3.20 South Norfolk 1.40 1.45 4% 1.60 10%

NORTH YORKSHIRE Craven 0.90 1.00 11% 1.60 60% Hambleton 1.15 1.20 4% 1.25 4% 1.55 1.60 3% 1.70 6% Richmondshire 1.30 1.40 8% 1.45 4% Scarborough 1.30 1.50 15% 5.50 5.70 4% Harrogate 1.90 2.00 5% 2.10 5% Ryedale 1.25 1.30 4% 1.35 4% Selby 1.35 1.40 4% 1.40 0% 1.35 1.40 4% 1.45 4%

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE Corby Daventry 1.40 1.00 -29% 1.00 0% 1.40 1.00 -29% East Northamptonshire Kettering 1.00 1.10 10% 1.30 18% Northampton 0.90 1.50 67% 1.30 -13% 1.95 1.25 -36% 1.40 12% South Northamptonshire 1.80 1.80 Wellingborough 1.00 1.10 10% 1.10 0% 1.10

NORTHUMBERLAND Alnwick 1.00 Berwick-upon-Tweed 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% Blyth Valley 1.20 1.30 8% 1.30 1.45 12% Castle Morpeth Tynedale 1.40 1.50 7% 1.60 7% 1.40 1.50 7% 2.25 50% Wansbeck 0.80 0.85 6% 0.90 6%

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE Ashfield 1.40 1.90 Bassetlaw 1.10 1.15 5% 1.20 4% Broxtowe 1.30 1.35 4% 1.40 4% Gedling 1.10 1.15 5% 1.30 13% Mansfield 1.60 1.80 13% 2.00 11% 1.60 1.80 13% 2.00 11% Newark & Sherwood 1.30 1.50 15% 1.60 7% Rushcliffe 1.30 1.35 4% 1.65 22%

OXFORDSHIRE Cherwell Oxford South Oxfordshire 2.00 2.00 Vale of White Horse 1.60 1.60 0% 1.70 6% West Oxfordshire 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4%

SHROPSHIRE Bridgnorth 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4% North Shropshire Oswestry 1.60 Shrewsbury & Atcham 1.20 1.35 13% 1.40 4% South Shropshire

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2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 senior senior Increase/ senior Increase/ senior senior Increase/ senior Increase/ citizen citizen decrease citizen decrease citizen citizen decrease citizen decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ SOMERSET Mendip 1.61 1.60 -1% Sedgemoor 1.40 2.50 Taunton Deane 1.10 1.20 9% 1.30 8% South Somerset West Somerset

STAFFORDSHIRE Cannock Chase 2.00 2.20 10% 2.35 7% East Staffordshire 1.35 1.40 4% 1.45 4% Lichfield 0.80 0.85 6% 0.85 0% 0.85 Newcastle-under-Lyme 1.25 1.30 4% 1.35 4% South Staffordshire 1.55 1.15 -26% 1.55 35% Stafford 1.00 1.05 5% 1.10 5% Staffordshire Moorlands 1.15 1.20 4% 1.20 0% Tamworth 1.60 1.65 3% 1.70 3%

SUFFOLK Babergh Forest Heath 0.95 1.05 11% 1.15 10% Ipswich 1.40 1.40 0% 1.40 0% 1.40 1.40 0% 1.40 0% Mid Suffolk 1.20 1.20 0% 1.30 8% St Edmundsbury 1.35 1.40 4% 1.50 7% 1.35 1.40 4% 1.50 7% Suffolk Coastal 1.30 1.35 4% 1.40 4% Waveney 0.65 0.70 8% 1.00 43% 0.65 0.70 8% 0.00 -100%

SURREY Elmbridge 1.05 1.05 0% 1.10 5% Epsom & Ewell 1.85 Guildford 1.85 2.55 Mole Valley 1.35 1.35 0% 1.40 4% Reigate & Banstead 1.00 1.00 0% 2.00 100% Runnymede 1.50 1.50 0% 1.60 7% Spelthorne 1.45 1.50 3% 1.60 7% Surrey Heath 1.65 1.75 6% 1.80 3% Tandridge Waverley 1.40 1.40 0% 1.50 7% Woking 1.60 1.70 6% 1.80 6% 3.10 3.30 6% 3.50 6%

WARWICKSHIRE North Warwickshire 1.30 1.30 0% 1.40 8% Nuneaton & Bedworth Free Free Free Free Rugby 1.10 1.15 5% 1.30 13% 1.10 1.15 5% 1.30 13% Stratford-on-Avon 1.00 1.00 0% 1.00 0% Warwick 1.35 1.40 4% 1.45 4% 1.35 1.40 4% 1.45 4%

WEST SUSSEX Adur 1.50 1.55 3% 1.60 3% Arun 1.10 3.00 1.10 Chichester 1.75 1.05 -40% 1.20 14% 1.35 0.80 -41% 0.85 6% Crawley 1.10 1.10 0% 1.10 0% 1.10 1.10 Horsham 1.50 1.50 Mid Sussex 1.60 1.75 9% 1.85 6% 2.65 2.90 9% 3.10 7% Worthing

WILTSHIRE Kennet 1.50 1.50 0% 1.65 10% 1.60 North Wiltshire Salisbury 1.00 1.00 0% 1.85 85% 1.85 West Wiltshire 1.45 1.50 3% 1.55 3% 1.55

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2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 senior senior Increase/ senior Increase/ senior senior Increase/ senior Increase/ citizen citizen decrease citizen decrease citizen citizen decrease citizen decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ WORCESTERSHIRE Bromsgrove 1.10 1.20 9% 1.20 0% Malvern Hills 2.00 Redditch 1.10 0.95 -14% 0.85 -11% Worcester 1.15 1.15 Wychavon 0.90 1.55 72% 1.10 -29% Wyre Forest 1.00 1.10 10% 1.20 9% 1.10 1.15 5% 1.20 4%

WALES

Blaenau Gwent Bridgend 1.25 1.30 4% 1.25 1.30 4% Caerphilly 1.00 1.05 5% 1.00 -5% 1.10 1.05 -5% 1.00 -5% Cardiff 0.90 1.00 11% 1.05 5% 0.90 Carmarthenshire 1.20 1.30 Ceredigion 1.10 1.10 0% 1.20 9% Conwy 2.35 2.45 4% 2.55 4% Denbighshire 1.00 1.10 10% 1.20 9% 4.95 Flintshire 0.90 0.90 0% 0.95 6% Gwynedd 1.20 1.20 0% 1.30 8% Isle of Anglesey 1.10 1.20 9% 1.20 0% Merthyr Tydfil 1.20 1.25 4% 1.30 4% Monmouthshire 0.85 1.00 18% 1.10 10% Neath Port Talbot 1.20 1.30 8% 1.40 8% 1.20 1.30 8% 1.40 8% Newport 2.10 2.10 1.35 2.50 85% 2.50 0% Pembrokeshire 0.95 1.00 5% 1.00 0% 1.00 Powys 1.10 1.20 9% 1.65 38% 1.10 1.65 Rhondda Cynon Taff 1.00 1.05 5% 1.10 5% 1.10 Swansea Torfaen 0.95 0.95 0% 1.00 5% Vale of Glamorgan 1.00 1.45 45% 1.50 3% 1.45 Wrexham 1.75 1.75 0% 1.90 9% 1.40 1.60 14% 1.70 6%

10.2 Admission prices to leisure pools

There are considerably fewer leisure pools thus making price comparisons more difficult. Many leisure pools offer family admission prices meaning that overall entry prices are cheaper: Prices can vary between £1.45 and £5.70 but the range of facilities and the added benefits within the ticket price can further make prices difficult to compare.

Some pools have increased their prices substantially- one pool by 83%, another by 79% and a third by 42% in 2002/3 and two pools by more than 40% in 2003/4. Conversely less than ten pools throughout the country increased their prices in either of the two years by more than 10%:

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Table 78:

Leisure Pools- Adult Admission Prices Most Expensive 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 Bracknell Forest 5.50 Bracknell Forest 5.70 Bracknell Forest 5.70 Scarborough 5.50 Scarborough 5.70 Mid Sussex 5.20 Mid Sussex 4.50 Chiltern 5.45 Denbighshire 4.95 Greenwich 4.25 Mid Sussex 4.95 Woking 4.60 Bedford 4.20 Greenwich 4.40 Bedford 4.60 Woking 4.20 Woking 4.40 Greenwich 4.50 Stoke-on-Trent 3.99 Bedford 4.40 Restormel 4.20 Bolton 3.95 Test Valley 3.95 Carrick 4.00 Reading 3.95 Carrick 3.90 Aylesbury Vale 3.95 North Norfolk 3.90 West Devon 3.90 Wirral 3.80

Leisure Pools- Adult Admission Prices Least Expensive 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 Liverpool 1.40 Chichester 1.40 Kingston-upon-Hull 1.45 Wear Valley 1.50 Blyth Valley 1.60 Chichester 1.45 Boston 1.70 Pembrokeshire 1.60 Nuneaton & Bedworth 1.60 Arun 1.70 North Dorset 1.80 Blyth Valley 1.65 Powys 1.80 Boston 1.80 Rhondda Cynon Taff 1.90 Melton 1.90 Vale of Glamorgan 1.80 West Wiltshire 1.95 Crawley 1.90 Northampton 1.90 Northampton 2.00 Cardiff 1.90

Table 79:

Leisure Pools- Junior Admission Prices Most Expensive 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 Scarborough 4.30 Bracknell Forest 4.00 Denbighshire 4.95 Bracknell Forest 4.00 Greenwich 3.10 Bracknell Forest 4.00 Bedford 3.40 Medway 2.70 Bedford 3.60 Chiltern 3.25 Eastbourne 2.50 Greenwich 3.25 West Devon 3.20 Stratford-on-Avon 2.50 Restormel 3.20 Greenwich 3.10 Stoke-on-Trent 2.50 Guildford 3.20 Woking 3.10 Wokingham 2.45 Woking 3.20 Colchester 3.00 Haringey 2.40 Colchester 3.15 Test Valley 2.95 Swindon 2.20 Mid Sussex 3.10 Mid Sussex 2.90 Blackburn with Darwen 2.15 Stoke-on-Trent 3.05 Aylesbury Vale 2.15

Least Expensive 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 Chichester 0.80 Basildon 0.80 Chichester 0.85 Melton 1.00 Burnley 0.85 Kingston-upon-Hull 0.90 Daventry 1.00 Wansbeck 0.85 Caerphilly 1.00 Pembrokeshire 1.00 Lichfield 0.85 Melton 1.05 Caerphilly 1.05 Stroud 0.90 Wellingborough 1.10 Milton Keynes 1.10 West Lindsey 0.90 Rhondda Cynon Taff 1.10 Blyth Valley 1.10 Flintshire 0.90 Milton Keynes 1.15 Lambeth 1.15 Tewkesbury 1.20 Tewkesbury 1.15 Blyth Valley 1.20 Lichfield 1.20 Crawley 1.20

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Leisure Pool Adult Admission Prices(£)

3.5

2.5

2 2001/2 2002/3 1.5 2003/4

0.5

0 London Metropolitan Unitary authorities Non-metropolitan Wales districts

Leisure Pool Junior Admission Prices(£)

2.5

1.5 2001/2 2002/3 1 2003/4

0.5

0 London Metropolitan Unitary authorities Non-metropolitan Wales districts

10.3 Instruction and teaching charges

Swimming lessons has been a growth area for pool operators in recent years. Despite this, the average level of charges for adult lessons in 2003/4 showed very little increase on the previous year in many regions. In Wales and the Metropolitan Counties, prices actually fell. Prices in London underwent the largest increase with adult instruction per hour increasing from £6.26 to £6.84.

In 2003/4, the charges for junior swimming lessons increased by between 1 and 6% except for London where they decreased by 3%. This contrasted sharply with the increase of 9% in adult instruction in London. Most areas showed a more substantial increase in the cost of junior swimming in 2002/3. In Wales, where free swimming was introduced in the school holidays in 2003, there was an increase of 12% in junior lesson charges in the year prior to the free swimming scheme. At the same time, admission prices for juniors in Wales increased by 8% in 2002/3 and 40% in 2003/4:

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Table 80

Instruction per hour adult 2001- adult 2002- Increase/ adult 2003- Increase/ junior 2001- junior Increase/ junior Increase/ 2 3 decrease 4 decrease 2 2002-3 decrease 2003-4 decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ LONDON

Corporation of London 4.00 4.50 13% 5.00 11% 4.17 4.17

INNER LONDON Camden 6.87 6.87 0% 6.87 0% 7.66 7.66 0% 7.66 0% Greenwich 5.35 5.50 3% 5.65 3% 4.25 4.40 4% 4.50 2% Hackney 7.82 6.50 -17% 6.00 -8% 6.00 3.75 -38% 4.50 20% Hammersmith & Fulham 7.00 3.80 -46% 7.00 2.80 -60% Islington 4.00 4.00 0% 10.80 170% 3.20 3.20 0% 8.40 163% Kensington & Chelsea 5.00 5.10 2% 5.20 2% 2.60 2.60 0% 3.00 15% Lambeth 5.15 5.00 -3% 5.00 0% 2.05 4.00 95% 4.00 0% Lewisham 7.80 3.80 -51% 4.00 5% 6.60 3.30 -50% 3.50 6% Southwark 12.00 3.20 -73% 2.80 Tower Hamlets 3.75 7.50 100% 2.40 6.00 150% Wandsworth 5.20 6.02 16% 6.80 13% 5.00 6.20 24% 6.80 10% Westminster 11.76 12.01 2% 12.00 0% 7.83 8.00 2% 4.50 -44%

OUTER LONDON Barking & Dagenham 3.40 7.60 124% 7.60 0% 2.84 6.00 111% 6.00 0% Barnet 9.00 9.20 2% 9.60 4% 8.40 8.60 2% 8.90 3% Bexley 7.00 7.40 6% 7.60 3% 7.00 7.40 6% 7.60 3% Brent 3.45 3.80 2.95 3.30 Bromley 8.00 8.20 2% 9.00 10% 5.80 5.90 2% 6.60 12% Croydon 3.30 3.40 3% 2.90 3.00 3% Ealing 8.10 2.80 6.60 2.80 Enfield 7.10 7.20 1% 7.40 3% 6.60 6.80 3% 6.90 1% Haringey 8.40 8.60 2% 9.00 5% 6.66 7.20 8% 7.60 6% Harrow 8.60 5.00 -42% 10.20 104% 4.60 4.00 -13% 8.30 108% Havering 4.80 4.80 0% 5.10 6% 2.60 2.60 0% 2.85 10% Hillingdon 5.00 5.00 0% 10.50 110% 3.75 3.75 0% 6.70 79% Hounslow 2.50 5.80 132% 6.00 3% 2.10 5.20 148% 4.60 -12% Kingston-upon-Thames 6.10 12.50 105% 6.50 -48% 6.10 12.50 105% 6.50 -48% Merton 7.92 8.00 1% 8.20 2% 7.32 6.60 -10% 6.80 3% Newham 4.05 4.30 6% 4.15 -3% 4.05 4.30 6% 3.00 -30% Redbridge 6.15 6.30 2% 6.50 3% 5.12 5.20 2% 5.30 2% Richmond-upon-Thames 5.35 9.00 68% 9.00 0% 4.15 10.00 141% 10.00 0% Sutton 6.80 3.47 -49% 3.90 12% 6.80 3.42 -50% 3.10 -9% Waltham Forest 9.05 4.60 -49% 4.20 -9% 4.90 4.30 -12% 3.42 -20%

METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS

GREATER MANCHESTER Bolton 8.40 8.60 2% 8.80 2% 5.50 5.80 5% 6.60 14% Bury 6.40 6.60 3% 7.00 6% 5.20 5.50 6% 6.00 9% Manchester 3.20 3.30 3% 3.40 3% 2.30 2.40 4% 2.45 2% Oldham Rochdale 6.90 6.90 0% 3.70 -46% 5.00 5.00 0% 2.70 -46% Salford 2.35 5.30 126% 5.50 4% 2.35 5.30 126% 5.50 4% Stockport 6.60 7.30 6.10 6.60 Tameside 3.40 3.60 6% 3.60 0% 2.36 2.50 6% 2.70 8% Trafford 7.20 7.60 6% 8.00 5% 5.30 5.50 4% 5.80 5% Wigan 5.30 5.50 4% 5.70 4% 5.30 5.50 4% 5.70 4%

MERSEYSIDE Knowsley Liverpool 2.00 3.00 50% 3.00 0% 1.20 2.20 83% 2.20 0% St Helens 5.20 5.20 0% 5.60 8% 2.00 4.40 120% 4.80 9% Sefton 1.00 5.00 400% 3.10 -38% 1.00 5.00 400% 2.70 -46%

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adult 2001- adult 2002- Increase/ adult 2003- Increase/ junior 2001- junior Increase/ junior Increase/ 2 3 decrease 4 decrease 2 2002-3 decrease 2003-4 decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ Wirral 4.38 4.50 3% 4.62 3% 2.50 2.60 4% 2.69 3%

SOUTH YORKSHIRE Barnsley Doncaster 6.50 6.75 4% 7.00 4% 6.50 6.75 4% 7.00 4% Rotherham 5.60 3.30 -41% 3.30 0% 5.60 3.30 -41% 3.30 0% Sheffield 4.00 4.20 5% 4.40 5% 6.00 4.20 -30% 4.40 5%

TYNE & WEAR Gateshead 7.80 4.10 -47% 4.40 2.30 -48% Newcastle upon Tyne 7.20 7.60 6% 6.00 -21% 5.80 6.20 7% 7.00 13% North Tyneside 3.40 3.10 -9% 3.55 15% 2.85 2.75 -4% 3.00 9% South Tyneside 2.08 2.15 3% 5.30 147% 2.08 2.15 3% 5.30 147% Sunderland 3.00 2.80 -7% 2.80 0% 3.00 2.46 -18% 2.46 0%

WEST MIDLANDS Birmingham 5.67 6.00 6% 6.30 5% 4.58 4.83 5% 5.00 4% Coventry 3.00 3.30 10% 3.80 15% 2.00 2.20 10% 2.50 14% Dudley 6.00 6.50 8% 7.00 8% 5.00 5.50 10% 5.90 7% Sandwell 5.00 2.75 -45% 4.00 2.16 -46% Solihull 3.30 5.30 61% 6.00 13% 3.25 5.03 55% 5.50 9% Walsall 3.45 5.90 Wolverhampton 3.40 2.60 -24% 2.90 12% 1.80 3.50 94% 3.70 6%

WEST YORKSHIRE Bradford 3.64 3.85 6% 3.90 1% 3.40 3.58 5% 3.65 2% Calderdale 4.66 4.66 0% 6.25 34% 4.60 5.70 24% 4.72 3% Kirklees 2.92 3.04 4% 3.13 3% 2.83 2.96 5% 3.05 3% Leeds 5.73 5.87 2% 6.13 4% 3.50 4.80 37% 4.93 3% Wakefield 3.90 3.90 0% 4.00 3% 3.10 3.10 0% 3.20 3%

UNITARY AUTHORITIES

Bath & North East Somerset 7.80 7.60 -3% 7.00 6.80 -3% Blackburn with Darwen 7.50 8.30 11% 8.70 5% 5.40 6.00 11% 3.15 -48% Blackpool 3.25 5.60 72% 2.90 -48% 3.25 5.60 72% 2.90 -48% Bournemouth 1.85 3.20 73% 6.15 92% 1.75 3.00 71% 7.00 133% Bracknell Forest 6.40 3.25 -49% 3.95 22% 5.60 2.90 -48% 3.60 24% Brighton & Hove 4.40 4.54 3% 4.70 4% 3.05 3.15 3% 3.25 3% Bristol 5.00 5.10 2% 5.20 2% 4.80 4.90 2% 5.00 2% Darlington 2.28 3.41 50% 4.56 5.12 12% Derby 6.80 7.00 3% 3.65 -48% 4.80 5.00 4% 2.60 -48% East Riding of Yorkshire 2.95 3.05 3% 6.80 123% 2.60 2.70 4% 5.60 107% Halton 4.54 4.67 3% 4.82 3% 4.54 4.67 3% 4.82 3% Hartlepool 1.43 1.50 5% 3.60 140% 1.43 1.50 5% 2.60 73% Herefordshire 7.40 6.00 Isle of Wight 7.20 7.40 3% 3.80 -49% 5.60 5.80 4% 3.50 -40% Kingston-upon-Hull 3.40 3.80 2.45 7.20 194% 2.80 -61% Leicester 7.00 8.00 14% 7.20 -10% 4.80 4.80 0% 4.20 -13% Luton 3.60 6.90 92% 6.00 -13% 3.10 5.90 90% 6.00 2% Medway 4.50 4.75 6% 4.94 4% 3.60 3.75 4% 3.75 0% Middlesbrough 8.60 8.80 2% 9.40 7% 5.70 6.00 5% 6.30 5% Milton Keynes 4.66 7.07 3.00 6.17 North East Lincolnshire 3.25 2.52 North Lincolnshire 7.20 7.40 3% 7.40 0% 5.10 5.20 2% 5.40 4% North Somerset 6.80 7.00 3% 7.40 6% 6.80 7.00 3% 7.40 6% Nottingham 4.90 4.90 0% 4.90 0% 4.90 4.90 0% 4.90 0% Peterborough 4.25 5.30 25% 6.00 13% 4.20 5.60 33% 6.48 16% Plymouth 6.40 6.40 5.40 5.40 Poole 6.37 5.75 -10% 6.13 7% 6.37 5.75 -10% 6.13 7% Portsmouth 6.60 6.80 3% 6.60 -3% 5.70 5.80 2% 5.40 -7% Reading 6.50 3.20 -51% 3.20 0% 6.50 3.20 -51% 3.20 0% Redcar & Cleveland 3.10 3.25 5% 3.30 2% 2.65 2.75 4% 2.85 4%

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adult 2001- adult 2002- Increase/ adult 2003- Increase/ junior 2001- junior Increase/ junior Increase/ 2 3 decrease 4 decrease 2 2002-3 decrease 2003-4 decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ Rutland Slough 4.15 6.50 6.20 5.35 South Gloucestershire 5.13 4.10 -20% 5.73 40% 6.20 3.38 -45% 7.10 110% Southampton 8.25 9.50 15% 7.35 8.40 14% Southend-on-Sea 3.30 3.60 9% 3.80 6% 2.60 2.90 12% 3.05 5% Stockton-on-Tees 6.20 5.30 -15% 5.50 4% 6.20 5.30 -15% 5.50 4% Stoke-on-Trent 3.15 3.30 5% 5.60 70% 2.40 2.60 8% 5.20 100% Swindon 8.82 8.64 -2% 9.20 6% 6.60 7.56 15% 7.80 3% Telford & Wrekin 4.00 4.12 3% 4.21 2% 3.10 3.15 2% 3.25 3% Thurrock 3.50 3.20 -9% 3.50 9% 4.40 2.90 -34% Torbay 3.50 3.70 6% 3.70 0% 2.70 3.25 20% 3.25 0% Warrington 1.86 2.10 13% 2.20 5% 2.37 2.65 12% 2.08 -22% West Berkshire 4.90 3.19 -35% 3.19 0% 3.09 3.19 3% 3.19 0% Windsor & Maidenhead 5.35 5.00 -7% 8.62 8.56 -1% Wokingham 8.90 4.60 -48% 4.70 2% 7.40 3.85 -48% 3.90 1% York 4.87 5.03 3% 5.18 3% 4.87 5.03 3% 5.18 3%

NON-MET DISTRICTS

BEDFORDSHIRE Bedford 3.25 3.50 8% 4.31 23% 3.25 5.60 72% 5.89 5% Mid Bedfordshire 6.00 6.00 0% 6.50 8% 6.00 3.00 -50% 6.50 117% South Bedfordshire 5.25 5.05 -4% 5.25 5.05 -4%

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE Aylesbury Vale 4.30 4.00 -7% 4.00 0% 6.30 2.95 -53% 2.95 0% Chiltern 11.00 11.00 South Bucks Wycombe 6.87 11.00 60% 7.60 -31% 10.20 7.30 -28% 11.70 60%

CAMBRIDGESHIRE Cambridge 5.07 4.10 -19% 4.20 2% 5.40 3.00 -44% 3.10 3% East Cambridgeshire 7.00 7.50 7% 6.00 6.40 7% Fenland Huntingdonshire 5.90 5.20 -12% 6.30 21% 4.20 5.20 24% 6.30 21% South Cambridgeshire

CHESHIRE Chester 2.60 2.10 Congleton 6.50 5.30 Crewe & Nantwich 4.11 4.40 Ellesmere Port & Neston 6.60 7.00 6% 7.20 3% 4.44 4.70 6% 4.80 2% Macclesfield 3.75 3.90 4% 4.00 3% 6.50 7.20 11% 7.10 -1% Vale Royal 5.33 5.86 10% 6.00 2% 5.00 5.40 8% 6.00 11%

CORNWALL Caradon 3.00 2.95 -2% 2.40 -19% 4.00 4.50 13% 4.50 0% Carrick 3.80 3.80 0% 3.80 0% 3.50 3.60 3% 3.60 0% Kerrier 8.50 8.50 North Cornwall 2.45 5.00 104% 6.80 36% 2.18 5.00 129% 5.20 4% Penwith 6.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 Restormel 3.50 3.00

CUMBRIA Allerdale 8.00 9.20 15% 10.00 9% 6.00 6.20 3% 6.40 3% Barrow-in-Furness 7.40 8.00 8% 8.00 0% 5.60 6.00 7% 6.00 0% Carlisle 2.80 2.50 -11% 2.50 0% 2.12 2.25 6% 2.25 0% Copeland 4.10 4.70 15% 4.90 4% 2.20 2.50 14% 2.70 8% Eden 8.50 8.50 0% 8.50 0% 5.60 5.60 0% 5.60 0% South Lakeland 5.90 5.60

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adult 2001- adult 2002- Increase/ adult 2003- Increase/ junior 2001- junior Increase/ junior Increase/ 2 3 decrease 4 decrease 2 2002-3 decrease 2003-4 decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ DERBYSHIRE Amber Valley Bolsover 2.50 2.30 -8% 2.50 9% 2.10 2.30 10% 2.50 9% Chesterfield 4.20 4.30 2% 4.40 2% 3.80 3.90 3% 4.00 3% Derbyshire Dales 2.20 3.50 59% 3.65 4% 2.20 2.80 27% 2.95 5% Erewash 3.90 3.40 High Peak North East Derbyshire 5.60 6.00 7% 6.20 3% 5.00 5.40 8% 5.60 4% South Derbyshire 3.10 4.40

DEVON East Devon Exeter Mid Devon 3.00 2.50 North Devon 6.90 3.45 -50% 5.90 3.85 -35% South Hams 7.80 8.00 3% 8.00 0% 5.60 5.90 5% 6.00 2% Teignbridge Torridge 2.90 3.00 3% 1.65 2.70 64% West Devon 7.53 7.67 2% 6.57 6.83 4%

DORSET Christchurch 8.00 8.00 East Dorset 3.30 3.40 3% 3.50 3% 4.98 5.00 0% 5.10 2% North Dorset 5.00 5.00 0% 6.40 28% 4.40 4.40 0% 6.40 45% Purbeck 5.40 5.80 7% 4.90 5.20 6% West Dorset 2.50 1.90 Weymouth & Portland

DURHAM Chester-le-Street 7.50 7.50 0% 9.27 24% 5.00 5.30 6% 5.60 6% Derwentside 3.00 3.05 2% 3.25 7% 2.60 2.65 2% 2.30 -13% Durham City Easington Sedgefield Teesdale 2.80 6.49 132% 6.02 -7% 2.80 6.49 132% 6.02 -7% Wear Valley 6.50 5.60

EAST SUSSEX Eastbourne 3.10 6.36 105% 6.00 -6% 3.10 6.36 105% 6.00 -6% Hastings 2.65 2.85 8% 2.80 -2% 3.48 3.03 -13% Lewes 3.60 3.70 3% 3.80 3% 2.90 3.00 3% 3.10 3% Rother Wealden 7.10 6.20

ESSEX Basildon 5.58 5.75 3% 5.93 3% 3.52 3.62 3% 3.73 3% Braintree 8.70 6.00 -31% 8.70 6.00 -31% Brentwood 6.30 6.70 6% 7.00 4% 6.00 6.30 5% 6.60 5% Castle Point 4.65 4.85 4% 5.05 4% 2.45 2.50 2% 2.60 4% Chelmsford 6.20 6.20 0% 6.80 10% 5.90 6.00 2% 6.40 7% Colchester 4.70 5.70 5.80 2% 6.30 9% Epping Forest Harlow Maldon 7.80 7.80 0% 8.20 5% 6.50 6.50 0% 6.90 6% Rochford 4.50 4.00 Tendring 6.10 6.10 0% 6.50 7% 5.30 5.30 0% 5.60 6% Uttlesford 3.50 7.10 103% 8.60 21% 3.05 6.20 103% 8.00 29%

GLOUCESTERSHIRE Cheltenham 7.20 3.85 -47% 5.50 3.00 -45% Cotswold Forest of Dean 4.33 4.50 4% 4.60 2% 4.33 4.50 4% 4.60 2%

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adult 2001- adult 2002- Increase/ adult 2003- Increase/ junior 2001- junior Increase/ junior Increase/ 2 3 decrease 4 decrease 2 2002-3 decrease 2003-4 decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ Gloucester 5.22 6.85 Stroud 13.00 13.00 0% 15.00 15% 13.00 13.00 0% 15.00 15% Tewkesbury 2.90 3.10 7% 3.20 3% 4.90 2.50 -49% 2.60 4%

HAMPSHIRE Basingstoke & Deane 3.60 7.45 107% 3.60 7.45 107% East Hampshire 4.35 3.90 -10% 4.00 3% 5.70 5.60 -2% 5.80 4% Eastleigh 4.93 7.20 Fareham 3.30 3.50 6% 3.60 3% 3.30 3.50 6% 3.60 3% Gosport Hart 5.50 5.75 5% 5.95 3% 4.25 4.45 5% 4.65 4% Havant 6.20 5.80 -6% 5.70 5.00 -12% New Forest 11.01 11.34 3% 9.50 -16% 11.01 11.34 3% 9.50 -16% Rushmoor 5.00 5.30 6% 5.83 10% 5.00 5.30 6% 5.83 10% Test Valley 6.00 10.90 82% 6.59 -40% 6.00 8.20 37% 4.80 -41% Winchester 6.18 6.55 6% 6.20 -5% 6.18 6.55 6% 7.30 11%

HERTFORDSHIRE Broxbourne 8.40 8.80 5% 9.30 6% 6.80 4.40 -35% 7.30 66% Dacorum 7.40 7.60 3% 7.84 3% 6.20 6.40 3% 6.60 3% East Hertfordshire 3.40 3.50 3% 3.75 7% 3.40 3.50 3% 3.75 7% Hertsmere 8.00 8.60 8% 11.60 35% 7.00 7.40 6% 9.60 30% North Hertfordshire 4.90 5.00 2% 9.40 88% 3.90 4.00 3% 7.00 75% St Albans 7.80 7.20 Stevenage 9.50 5.20 8.20 4.30 Three Rivers 4.00 5.63 41% 5.45 -3% 3.40 4.55 34% 4.25 -7% Watford 7.40 3.70 Welwyn Hatfield 8.00 8.20 2% 8.60 5% 8.00 8.20 2% 8.60 5%

KENT Ashford Canterbury Dartford 8.30 4.25 -49% 6.50 3.48 -46% Dover 3.70 3.80 3% 10.80 184% 2.45 2.54 4% 10.40 309% Gravesham 6.00 5.80 -3% 3.00 -48% 5.40 5.80 7% 3.00 -48% Maidstone 4.15 4.30 4% 8.80 105% 3.50 3.60 3% 7.40 106% Sevenoaks Shepway 4.20 4.30 2% 4.75 10% 2.41 2.50 4% 2.75 10% Swale Thanet 4.00 6.80 3.25 7.00 Tonbridge & Malling 9.80 10.30 5% 10.80 5% 7.80 8.20 5% 8.80 7% Tunbridge Wells 8.50 9.00 6% 10.00 11% 8.50 9.00 6% 10.00 11%

LANCASHIRE Burnley 3.40 2.65 Chorley 3.00 3.10 3% 2.65 2.80 6% Fylde 7.20 7.40 3% 7.40 0% 4.60 4.80 4% 6.00 25% Hyndburn Lancaster 3.90 5.40 3.90 4.60 Pendle 5.60 5.60 Preston 6.40 6.40 0% 6.40 0% 4.70 4.70 0% 4.70 0% Ribble Valley 3.50 3.50 0% 3.50 0% 5.00 5.00 0% 5.00 0% Rossendale South Ribble West Lancashire 2.40 2.50 4% 2.50 0% 2.40 2.50 4% 2.50 0% Wyre 7.20 8.20 14% 7.70 -6% 6.40 6.70 5% 6.90 3%

LEICESTERSHIRE Blaby 4.20 5.00 19% 5.70 14% 4.10 4.90 20% 5.60 14% Charnwood 3.30 3.10 Harborough 3.80 4.30 13% 4.40 2% 1.85 2.40 30% 4.40 83% Hinckley & Bosworth 3.45 4.70 36% 3.80 -19% 4.30 4.50 5% 3.80 -16%

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adult 2001- adult 2002- Increase/ adult 2003- Increase/ junior 2001- junior Increase/ junior Increase/ 2 3 decrease 4 decrease 2 2002-3 decrease 2003-4 decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ Melton 3.80 4.00 5% 4.35 9% 3.80 4.00 5% 4.35 9% North West Leicestershire 5.60 4.60 Oadby & Wigston 3.50 3.60 3% 3.60 0% 3.50 3.60 3% 3.60 0%

LINCOLNSHIRE Boston 4.19 4.47 7% 4.07 4.21 3% East Lindsey 6.20 5.60 -10% 6.00 7% 5.40 4.80 -11% 5.00 4% Lincoln 4.00 4.20 5% 4.40 5% 3.70 4.20 14% 4.40 5% North Kesteven 5.00 5.60 12% 6.20 11% 5.00 5.50 10% 5.80 5% South Holland 7.50 7.50 0% 8.30 11% 6.40 6.40 0% 6.40 0% South Kesteven 6.40 6.40 0% 7.60 19% 6.00 6.00 0% 6.80 13% West Lindsey 2.60 3.00 15% 3.05 2% 2.15 2.30 7% 2.35 2%

NORFOLK Breckland 5.20 5.20 0% 5.80 12% 5.20 5.20 0% 5.80 12% Broadland Great Yarmouth 2.54 3.83 Kings Lynn & West Norfolk 4.80 6.50 35% 6.80 5% 6.00 6.50 8% 6.80 5% North Norfolk Norwich 3.00 3.00 South Norfolk 5.80 6.00 3% 6.60 10% 4.00 4.10 2% 4.40 7%

NORTH YORKSHIRE Craven 5.66 7.00 5.00 5.66 13% 5.84 3% Hambleton 3.75 3.85 3% 4.00 4% 4.70 4.90 4% 5.20 6% Richmondshire 6.30 6.30 0% 3.55 -44% 4.90 3.60 -27% 2.75 -24% Scarborough 6.00 6.40 7% 5.20 5.40 4% Harrogate 4.30 4.50 5% 4.80 7% 5.80 4.05 -30% 4.30 6% Ryedale 2.40 3.35 40% 5.00 49% 2.40 2.60 8% 3.00 15% Selby 7.40 7.54 2% 7.80 3% 5.30 5.40 2% 5.60 4%

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE Corby Daventry 3.30 4.20 27% 4.00 -5% 3.30 3.30 0% 4.00 21% East Northamptonshire Kettering 3.15 3.15 0% 3.20 2% 2.65 2.75 4% 2.80 2% Northampton 3.00 6.80 127% 3.55 -48% 3.00 6.80 127% 3.55 -48% South Northamptonshire 3.90 3.10 Wellingborough 5.83 6.67 14% 6.80 2% 5.83 6.67 14% 6.30 -6%

NORTHUMBERLAND Alnwick 3.75 2.50 Berwick-upon-Tweed 3.00 3.00 0% 3.50 17% 3.00 3.00 0% Blyth Valley 2.30 4.60 100% 3.50 -24% 2.20 3.33 51% 5.00 50% Castle Morpeth Tynedale 8.40 4.45 -47% 4.75 7% 6.60 3.60 -45% 7.50 108% Wansbeck 5.20 5.40 4% 5.60 4% 4.40 4.60 5% 4.80 4%

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE Ashfield 2.90 4.30 2.40 3.20 Bassetlaw 3.80 4.00 5% 4.20 5% 3.80 4.00 5% 2.90 -28% Broxtowe 3.30 3.30 0% 4.00 21% 2.65 3.20 21% 3.20 0% Gedling 4.20 10.08 140% 10.00 -1% 5.00 6.00 20% 5.30 -12% Mansfield 2.70 2.35 6.50 177% 6.50 0% Newark & Sherwood 3.73 5.60 50% 5.60 0% 4.80 5.10 6% 5.50 8% Rushcliffe 2.80 4.80 71% 4.50 4.80 7%

OXFORDSHIRE Cherwell Oxford 10.40 7.00 South Oxfordshire Vale of White Horse 5.48 5.65 3% 4.99 5.20 4% 8.12 56%

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adult 2001- adult 2002- Increase/ adult 2003- Increase/ junior 2001- junior Increase/ junior Increase/ 2 3 decrease 4 decrease 2 2002-3 decrease 2003-4 decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ West Oxfordshire 3.13 3.13 0% 3.13 0% 2.79 2.92 5% 3.04 4%

SHROPSHIRE Bridgnorth North Shropshire Oswestry 6.70 4.50 Shrewsbury & Atcham 6.72 11.20 67% 11.60 4% 4.64 5.60 21% 5.80 4% South Shropshire

SOMERSET Mendip Sedgemoor 4.66 5.40 Taunton Deane South Somerset West Somerset

STAFFORDSHIRE Cannock Chase 3.00 3.30 10% 1.75 -47% 2.25 2.50 11% 1.33 -47% East Staffordshire 5.73 6.00 5% 6.20 3% 5.70 6.00 5% 6.20 3% Lichfield 2.50 4.17 67% 4.16 0% 2.55 4.34 70% 2.25 -48% Newcastle-under-Lyme 6.25 6.37 2% 4.31 4.42 3% South Staffordshire 5.20 2.80 -46% 3.20 14% 4.50 2.35 -48% 2.50 6% Stafford 5.80 6.00 3% 6.20 3% 4.60 6.00 30% 6.20 3% Staffordshire Moorlands 6.60 6.70 2% 6.90 3% 4.40 4.50 2% 4.60 2% Tamworth 2.85 2.95 4% 3.05 3% 3.60 3.70 3% 3.90 5%

SUFFOLK Babergh Forest Heath 3.50 3.60 3% 4.00 11% 3.00 3.60 20% 3.80 6% Ipswich 6.00 Mid Suffolk 2.60 6.00 131% 8.00 33% 2.50 5.50 120% 6.20 13% St Edmundsbury 3.45 3.60 4% 7.50 108% 5.00 5.20 4% 5.70 10% Suffolk Coastal 7.40 7.50 1% 7.50 0% 6.60 6.70 2% 6.70 0% Waveney 5.16 5.50 7% 4.37 -21% 5.16 5.50 7% 2.70 -51%

SURREY Elmbridge 6.80 7.20 6% 3.70 -49% 5.80 6.20 7% 3.30 -47% Epsom & Ewell 10.00 7.80 Guildford Mole Valley 8.00 8.20 2% 9.20 12% 7.50 7.60 1% 8.60 13% Reigate & Banstead 3.10 3.15 2% 3.10 -2% 2.80 2.85 2% 2.90 2% Runnymede 3.00 3.20 7% 3.30 3% Spelthorne 9.23 6.15 -33% 8.50 38% 7.85 8.00 2% 8.50 6% Surrey Heath 5.93 7.00 18% 6.30 -10% 5.93 7.00 18% 6.15 -12% Tandridge Waverley 10.00 10.00 0% 10.60 6% 7.60 9.00 18% 8.50 -6% Woking 8.70 9.10 5% 9.50 4% 6.90 7.20 4% 7.60 6%

WARWICKSHIRE North Warwickshire 5.40 5.60 4% 5.80 4% 4.40 4.60 5% 4.80 4% Nuneaton & Bedworth 4.05 4.20 4% 4.35 4% 3.60 3.70 3% 2.60 -30% Rugby 6.15 6.40 4% 6.60 3% 5.00 5.30 6% 5.55 5% Stratford-on-Avon 3.00 3.00 0% 6.20 107% 3.00 3.00 0% 6.20 107% Warwick 4.40 4.55 3% 4.70 3% 2.70 2.80 4% 2.90 4%

WEST SUSSEX Adur 14.00 14.50 4% 15.00 3% 7.25 7.75 7% 8.00 3% Arun 4.22 8.90 4.10 7.20 Chichester 8.71 10.50 21% 10.85 3% 5.91 9.25 57% 9.05 -2% Crawley 3.70 4.25 15% 4.50 6% 2.40 2.50 4% 2.75 10% Horsham 8.00 6.20 Mid Sussex 4.50 9.60 113% 9.80 2% 4.73 4.80 1% 5.00 4% Worthing

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adult 2001- adult 2002- Increase/ adult 2003- Increase/ junior 2001- junior Increase/ junior Increase/ 2 3 decrease 4 decrease 2 2002-3 decrease 2003-4 decrease £ £ £ £ £ £ WILTSHIRE Kennet 6.00 7.00 17% 5.20 -26% 5.00 5.50 10% 4.05 -26% North Wiltshire Salisbury 5.20 5.40 4% 6.00 11% 4.45 5.40 21% 6.00 11% West Wiltshire 6.20 7.90 27% 5.93 -25% 6.20 6.90 11% 7.09 3%

WORCESTERSHIRE Bromsgrove 3.50 8.00 129% 5.00 -38% 2.40 7.20 200% 5.00 -31% Malvern Hills Redditch 6.33 6.10 -4% 3.15 -48% 4.33 4.30 -1% 2.25 -48% Worcester 3.40 6.40 Wychavon 5.20 5.75 11% 6.00 4% 4.80 5.25 9% 5.75 10% Wyre Forest 4.93 5.08 3% 5.47 8% 5.82 6.00 3% 6.30 5%

WALES

Blaenau Gwent Bridgend 3.50 4.93 41% 2.50 5.30 Caerphilly 2.83 4.60 63% 3.26 -29% 2.16 3.80 76% 2.40 -37% Cardiff 3.55 2.75 -23% 3.90 42% 2.55 1.85 -27% 2.80 51% Carmarthenshire 3.42 2.50 4.56 2.50 Ceredigion 2.06 2.06 0% 2.18 6% 1.88 1.87 -1% 2.00 7% Conwy 3.00 3.10 3% 3.60 16% 2.00 3.10 55% 3.60 16% Denbighshire 6.10 2.80 -54% 3.30 18% 3.60 2.00 -44% 2.50 25% Flintshire 5.60 5.60 0% 5.80 4% 4.40 4.40 0% 4.60 5% Gwynedd 4.00 5.00 25% 5.20 4% 2.40 2.80 17% 2.90 4% Isle of Anglesey 2.20 4.40 100% 3.40 -23% 1.55 3.20 106% 3.40 6% Merthyr Tydfil 2.30 2.35 2% 2.50 6% 4.20 4.40 5% 4.40 0% Monmouthshire 4.80 3.50 Neath Port Talbot 3.30 3.50 6% 3.75 7% 2.50 2.50 0% 2.75 10% Newport 2.50 2.67 7% 2.75 3% 2.00 2.42 21% 2.50 3% Pembrokeshire 3.00 3.10 3% 3.10 0% 2.50 5.20 108% 5.20 0% Powys 2.70 3.00 11% 3.75 25% 2.40 2.70 13% 3.40 26% Rhondda Cynon Taff 2.90 3.00 3% 3.10 3% 2.20 2.25 2% 2.26 0% Swansea Torfaen 3.60 4.20 17% 2.30 -45% 3.60 4.20 17% 2.30 -45% Vale of Glamorgan 3.50 3.29 -6% 3.50 3.29 -6% Wrexham 3.66 5.50 50% 3.50 -36% 3.11 5.00 61% 3.00 -40%

Table 81:

Adult Instruction Per Hour Most Expensive 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 Adur 14.00 Adur 14.50 Stroud 15.00 Stroud 13.00 Stroud 13.00 Adur 15.00 Southwark 12.00 Kingston-upon-Thames 12.50 Westminster 12.00 Westminster 11.76 Westminster 12.01 Hertsmere 11.60 New Forest 11.01 New Forest 11.34 Shrewsbury & Atcham 11.60 Waverley 10.00 Shrewsbury & Atcham 11.20 Chichester 10.85 Tonbridge & Malling 9.80 Chiltern 11.00 Dover 10.80 Spelthorne 9.23 Wycombe 11.00 Tonbridge & Malling 10.80 Waltham Forest 9.05 Test Valley 10.90 Islington 10.80 Barnet 9.00 Chichester 10.50 Waverley 10.60

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Adult Instruction Per Hour Least Expensive 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 Sefton 1.00 Hartlepool 1.50 Cannock Chase 1.75 Hartlepool 1.43 Ceredigion 2.06 Ceredigion 2.18 Bournemouth 1.85 Warrington 2.10 Warrington 2.20 Warrington 1.86 South Tyneside 2.15 Torfaen 2.30 Liverpool 2.00 Darlington 2.28 Caradon 2.40 Ceredigion 2.06 Bolsover 2.30 Carlisle 2.50 South Tyneside 2.08 Merthyr Tydfil 2.35 Bolsover 2.50 Derbyshire Dales 2.20 Carlisle 2.50 West Lancashire 2.50 Isle of Anglesey 2.20 West Lancashire 2.50 Carmarthenshire 2.50 Merthyr Tydfil 2.50

Table 82:

Junior Instruction Per Hour Most Expensive 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 Stroud 13.00 Stroud 13.00 Stroud 15.00 New Forest 11.01 Kingston-upon-Thames 12.50 Wycombe 11.70 Wycombe 10.20 New Forest 11.34 Dover 10.40 Braintree 8.70 Chiltern 11.00 Richmond-upon-Thames 10.00 Tunbridge Wells 8.50 Richmond-upon-Thames 10.00 Tunbridge Wells 10.00 Kerrier 8.50 Chichester 9.25 Hertsmere 9.60 Barnet 8.40 Tunbridge Wells 9.00 New Forest 9.50 Welwyn Hatfield 8.00 Waverley 9.00 Chichester 9.05 Spelthorne 7.85 Windsor & Maidenhead 8.62 Barnet 8.90 Westminster 7.83 Barnet 8.60 Tonbridge & Malling 8.80

Least Expensive 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 Sefton 1.00 Hartlepool 1.50 Cannock Chase 1.33 Liverpool 1.20 Torridge 1.65 Ceredigion 2.00 Hartlepool 1.43 Cardiff 1.85 Warrington 2.08 Isle of Anglesey 1.55 Ceredigion 1.87 Sandwell 2.16 Bournemouth 1.75 Denbighshire 2.00 Liverpool 2.20 Wolverhampton 1.80 South Tyneside 2.15 Carlisle 2.25 Harborough 1.85 Coventry 2.20 Lichfield 2.25 Ceredigion 1.88 Liverpool 2.20 Redditch 2.25 West Dorset 1.90 Carlisle 2.25 Rhondda Cynon Taff 2.26 Rhondda Cynon Taff 2.25

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Table 83:

Increase/ Increase/ 2001/2 2002/3 Decrease 2003/4 Decrease £ £ £ Instruction: Adult lessons- London 6.36 6.26 -2% 6.84 9% Metropolitan 4.54 5.23 15% 4.85 -7% Unitary authorities 5.11 5.16 1% 5.36 4% Non-metropolitan districts 5.18 5.78 12% 5.98 3% Wales 3.35 3.58 7% 3.56 -1% Junior lessons- London 5.03 5.74 14% 5.56 -3% Metropolitan 3.73 4.16 12% 4.27 3% Unitary authorities 4.47 4.62 3% 4.81 4% Non-metropolitan districts 4.66 5.00 7% 5.30 6% Wales 2.84 3.19 12% 3.23 1%

Adult Lesson Charges(£)

5 2001/2 4 2002/3 2003/4 3

0 London Metropolitan Unitary authorities Non-metropolitan Wales districts

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Junior Lesson Charges(£)

4 2001/2 2002/3 3 2003/4

0 London Metropolitan Unitary authorities Non-metropolitan Wales districts

10.4 Charges for ancillary activities

As with other pool charges, the cost of using a sauna at a swimming pool steadily rose during the three year period, the only drop in this process occurring in Wales in 2002/3:

Table 84:

Sauna- Mean Charges Increase/ Increase/ 2001/2 2002/3 decrease 2003/4 decrease £ £ £ London 4.83 5.14 6% 5.49 7% Metropolitan Districts 3.95 4.16 5% 4.22 1% Unitaries 3.93 4.09 4% 4.26 4% Non-Metropolitan Districts 3.82 3.89 2% 4.12 6% Wales 3.94 3.42 -13% 3.50 2% (Source: Cipfa)

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Sauna Charges Per Session(£)

6.00

5.00

4.00 2001/2 3.00 2002/3 2003/4 2.00

1.00

0.00 London Metropolitan Unitaries Non-Metropolitan Wales Districts Districts

Sun bed charges showed a decrease or plateaued in many areas in 2002/3 but costs started to rise again in 2003/4:

Table 85:

Sunbed- Mean Charges Increase/ Increase/ 2001/2 2002/3 decrease 2003/4 decrease £ £ £ London 5.11 4.95 -3% 5.15 4% Metropolitan Districts 3.07 3.21 5% 3.55 11% Unitaries 4.07 3.97 -2% 4.12 4% Non-Metropolitan Districts 4.16 4.21 1% 4.44 5% Wales 4.10 3.63 -11% 3.54 -2% (Source: Cipfa)

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Sunbed Charges Per Session(£)

6.00

5.00

4.00

2001/2 3.00 2002/3 2003/4 2.00

1.00

0.00 London Metropolitan Unitaries Non-Metropolitan Wales Districts Districts

10.5 Club and group hire charges

Club hire charges in London are generally higher than in other parts of the country. Dual and joint use pools tend to charge less than leisure complexes and pools:

Table 86:

Club Hire-the most expensive pools 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 £ £ £ Wokingham 150.00 Hackney 150.00 Mid Sussex 116.90 Havant 139.50 Mid Sussex 113.48 Bromley 114.30 Ealing 115.00 Bromley 113.30 Eastbourne 102.00 Bromley 110.00 Mendip 103.00 Bournemouth 100.00 Mid Sussex 103.17 Wycombe 100.00 Southampton 100.00 Mendip 99.95 Eastbourne 99.00 Wokingham 100.00 Kingston-upon-Thames 90.00 Peterborough 94.50 Wycombe 100.00 Peterborough 90.00 Mid Suffolk 89.50 Arun 100.00 Lambeth 90.00 Colchester 89.40 Peterborough 97.50 East Hampshire 88.00 Tunbridge Wells 88.00 Colchester 94.00

Club Hire- the least expensive pools 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 £ £ £ Chester 10.00 Adur 12.60 Adur 13.00 Adur 12.30 Gloucester 15.20 Denbighshire 15.00 Gloucester 14.75 Isle of Anglesey 16.00 Isle of Anglesey 16.50 Bournemouth 15.00 Bournemouth 16.00 Ceredigion 17.00 Teesdale 15.00 Newcastle-under-Lyme 16.00 Torfaen 20.00 North Norfolk 15.00 Ceredigion 16.00 North Norfolk 20.00 Newcastle-under-Lyme 15.50 East Cambridgeshire 18.00 Wrexham 20.25 Isle of Anglesey 15.50 West Lindsey 20.00 West Lindsey 20.40 North Norfolk 20.00 Walsall 22.00 Flintshire 20.00 Pembrokeshire 22.00

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Mean prices were as follows:

Table 87:

Regular Pool Leisure Pool 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 £ £ £ £ £ £ London 58.12 59.86 54.15 London 59.21 54.02 62.87 Metropolitan Districts 45.08 45.00 47.99 Metropolitan Districts 48.56 53.91 52.60 Unitaries 52.19 52.68 59.21 Unitaries 42.69 53.12 62.40 Non-Metropolitan Districts 45.62 47.54 49.35 Non-Metropolitan Districts 53.92 48.53 58.15 Wales 46.56 31.89 30.05 Wales 46.12 50.82 42.43 (Source:Cipfa) (Source:Cipfa)

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Table 88:

Regular/Standard Pool Leisure Pool 2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 club club club club club club booking booking booking booking booking booking charge per charge per Increase/ charge per Increase/ charge per charge per charge per hour hour decrease hour decrease hour hour hour £ £ £ £ £ £ LONDON

Corporation of London 45.00 45.00 0% 45.00 0%

INNER LONDON Camden Greenwich 33.00 Hackney 33.50 150.00 348% 60.00 -60% 98.00 60.00 Hammersmith & Fulham 32.00 31.00 Islington 45.00 45.00 49.00 9% Kensington & Chelsea 77.80 79.40 2% 80.30 1% Lambeth 90.00 40.00 -56% 40.00 0% 40.00 40.00 Lewisham 50.00 31.00 25.00 75.00 Southwark 80.00 Tower Hamlets 38.30 39.30 3% 40.35 3% Wandsworth 55.00 46.20 -16% 59.00 28% 50.00 59.00 Westminster 52.95 54.05 2% 54.00

OUTER LONDON Barking & Dagenham 37.50 40.00 7% 42.00 5% Barnet Bexley Brent 42.00 Bromley 110.00 113.30 3% 114.30 1% 102.25 105.30 109.45 Croydon 70.20 72.00 3% Ealing 115.00 44.00 Enfield 63.00 65.00 3% 75.00 15% Haringey 24.00 26.70 11% 25.60 -4% Harrow 56.25 48.50 -14% 37.55 -23% Havering 46.00 42.00 -9% 42.00 0% Hillingdon 85.00 Hounslow 54.00 55.35 3% 57.10 3% 54.00 55.35 51.65 Kingston-upon-Thames 90.00 60.00 -33% 45.00 -25% 45.00 45.00 Merton 54.00 57.00 6% Newham 31.30 33.00 5% Redbridge 47.00 47.00 0% 49.50 5% Richmond-upon-Thames 60.00 82.00 37% 84.50 3% Sutton 64.30 Waltham Forest 49.00 51.50 5% 51.50

METROPOLITAN DISTRICTS

GREATER MANCHESTER Bolton 40.00 53.30 33% 54.50 2% Bury 43.50 45.50 5% 47.50 4% Manchester 24.60 25.40 3% 26.15 3% 30.80 Oldham Rochdale 55.75 55.75 30.65 -45% Salford 33.00 31.00 -6% 32.00 3% Stockport 79.55 90.00 79.55 58.00

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MERSEYSIDE Knowsley Liverpool 33.25 60.00 80% 60.00 0% 40.00 60.00 60.00 St Helens 28.00 30.00 7% 35.00 17% Sefton 31.75 38.00 20% 35.00 -8% 50.00 Wirral 22.50 23.00 2% 24.00 4%

SOUTH YORKSHIRE Barnsley Doncaster 55.65 68.98 24% 72.43 5% Rotherham 65.00 36.00 -45% 78.00 117% 61.00 61.00 74.00 Sheffield 35.20 36.00 2% 36.00 0%

TYNE & WEAR Gateshead 25.00 26.00 4% Newcastle upon Tyne 62.00 65.00 5% 65.00 0% 62.00 65.00 55.00 North Tyneside 70.00 52.50 -25% 35.00 -33% 85.00 60.00 South Tyneside 24.80 25.00 1% 26.00 4% 30.90 25.00 Sunderland 35.00 35.00 35.00

WEST MIDLANDS Birmingham 45.12 44.14 -2% 76.00 72% 44.00 Coventry Dudley 39.00 31.00 -21% 31.00 0% Sandwell 40.00 45.00 13% Solihull 55.50 Walsall 22.00 Wolverhampton 35.60 71.75 102% 74.00 3%

WEST YORKSHIRE Bradford 50.86 52.85 4% 53.90 2% 50.30 52.30 53.40 Calderdale 41.50 43.46 5% Kirklees 32.00 33.00 3% 34.00 3% 32.50 33.00 34.00 Leeds 50.00 62.00 24% 63.00 2% 50.00 Wakefield 72.00 72.00 72.00

UNITARY AUTHORITIES

Bath & North East Somerset 52.50 71.00 35% Blackburn with Darwen 25.45 28.00 10% 28.85 3% Blackpool 37.00 38.00 3% 40.00 5% 37.00 Bournemouth 15.00 16.00 7% 100.00 525% 55.00 55.00 Bracknell Forest 45.10 46.45 3% 48.08 4% Brighton & Hove 57.50 59.30 3% 61.50 4% Bristol 36.50 36.50 0% 40.00 10% Darlington 52.32 Derby 45.80 47.15 3% 48.90 4% East Riding of Yorkshire 67.50 67.50 0% 70.00 4%

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2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 2001-2 2002-3 2003-4 club club club club club club booking booking booking booking booking booking charge per charge per Increase/ charge per Increase/ charge per charge per charge per hour hour decrease hour decrease hour hour hour £ £ £ £ £ £ Halton Hartlepool 48.00 48.00 50.00 4% Herefordshire 41.00 80.00 Isle of Wight 26.25 27.60 5% 31.50 14% Kingston-upon-Hull 29.24 50.00 71% 25.00 -50% 51.00 Leicester 29.00 30.00 3% 30.00 0% 38.00 40.00 40.00 Luton 72.75 74.95 3% 77.00 3% Medway 68.00 75.00 10% 78.00 4% Middlesbrough 60.00 60.00 0% 60.00 0% Milton Keynes North East Lincolnshire 62.00 56.50 -9% 56.50 North Lincolnshire 38.50 41.60 8% 42.85 3% 38.50 41.60 42.85 North Somerset 81.15 84.00 4% 86.50 3% 27.30 28.75 64.80 Nottingham 33.50 33.50 0% 33.50 0% Peterborough 90.00 94.50 5% 97.50 3% Plymouth 81.20 81.20 Poole 85.00 80.00 -6% 89.00 11% Portsmouth 63.00 Reading 55.00 55.00 0% 55.00 0% Redcar & Cleveland 52.80 75.00 42% 76.00 1% Rutland Slough 82.40 South Gloucestershire 50.50 25.20 -50% 53.60 113% Southampton 48.40 100.00 60.00 Southend-on-Sea 45.65 55.90 22% 57.60 3% Stockton-on-Tees 28.00 29.00 4% 29.50 2% 60.00 Stoke-on-Trent 45.00 48.00 7% 60.00 25% Swindon 43.00 46.50 8% 48.80 5% 43.00 46.50 48.80 Telford & Wrekin 36.70 37.65 3% 38.60 3% Thurrock Torbay 48.00 50.00 4% 52.00 4% Warrington 49.00 55.00 12% 57.00 4% West Berkshire 68.00 60.00 100.00 Windsor & Maidenhead 65.00 60.00 -8% 65.00 60.00 Wokingham 150.00 68.09 -55% 100.00 47% 68.09 100.00 York 48.40 49.85 3% 50.60 2%

NON-MET DISTRICTS

BEDFORDSHIRE Bedford 57.40 59.20 3% 62.00 5% Mid Bedfordshire 40.00 40.00 South Bedfordshire 47.65 47.35 -1%

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE Aylesbury Vale 45.00 52.00 40.00 Chiltern 55.00 South Bucks Wycombe 80.00 100.00 25% 100.00 0%

CAMBRIDGESHIRE Cambridge 77.50 40.75

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CHESHIRE Chester 10.00 45.00 Congleton 34.20 Crewe & Nantwich 46.00 Ellesmere Port & Neston 60.60 62.50 3% 64.60 3% Macclesfield 66.15 79.70 20% 69.60 -13% 51.52 45.00 Vale Royal 40.00 45.65 14% 58.00 27%

CORNWALL Caradon 48.00 49.50 3% 49.50 0% Carrick 33.00 33.50 2% 35.00 4% Kerrier 35.20 North Cornwall 48.00 45.00 -6% 46.00 2% 45.00 46.00 Penwith 51.82 51.82 Restormel 34.65 37.50 120.00

CUMBRIA Allerdale 38.75 39.70 2% 40.00 1% Barrow-in-Furness 47.60 50.66 6% 50.66 0% 64.40 69.00 69.00 Carlisle 32.50 33.65 4% 35.30 5% Copeland 40.77 42.00 3% 44.00 5% Eden 53.50 55.00 3% 56.50 3% South Lakeland 42.25

DERBYSHIRE Amber Valley Bolsover 33.50 28.00 -16% 36.00 29% Chesterfield 76.70 79.00 3% 81.50 3% Derbyshire Dales 18.60 30.00 61% 31.00 3% Erewash 35.90 High Peak North East Derbyshire 44.50 46.00 3% 47.00 2% South Derbyshire 42.62

DEVON East Devon 50.00 52.50 5% 55.00 5% Exeter Mid Devon 41.80 North Devon 45.00 50.00 11% South Hams 50.00 45.00 -10% Teignbridge Torridge 43.70 44.40 2% West Devon 29.12 28.50

DORSET Christchurch 40.00 East Dorset 52.50 58.00 10% 60.00 3%

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DURHAM Chester-le-Street 22.00 26.00 18% 27.00 4% Derwentside 22.55 23.10 2% 23.70 3% Durham City Easington Sedgefield Teesdale 15.00 35.00 133% Wear Valley 70.00 70.00

EAST SUSSEX Eastbourne 32.00 99.00 209% 102.00 3% 31.00 Hastings 57.65 60.00 4% 64.95 8% Lewes 55.00 60.00 9% 60.00 0% Rother 32.00 32.00 0% 34.00 6% 32.00 34.00 Wealden

ESSEX Basildon 54.00 43.23 -20% 24.70 -43% Braintree 26.00 35.90 38% Brentwood 42.00 46.30 10% 48.60 5% Castle Point 32.00 32.50 2% 34.10 5% Chelmsford 82.25 85.18 4% 88.13 3% Colchester 87.25 89.40 2% 94.00 5% 147.50 Epping Forest Harlow Maldon Rochford 47.75 Tendring 41.00 41.00 0% 45.00 10% Uttlesford 42.30 43.47 3% 39.60 -9%

GLOUCESTERSHIRE Cheltenham 38.00 55.00 45% Cotswold 49.53 Forest of Dean 27.00 28.00 4% 29.50 5% Gloucester 14.75 15.20 3% 63.60 318% 26.50 Stroud 38.40 40.00 4% 41.00 3% Tewkesbury 41.50 42.50 2% 40.00 -6% 103.00 42.50 44.00

HAMPSHIRE Basingstoke & Deane 47.30 57.70 22% East Hampshire 88.00 23.10 -74% 39.55 71% 88.00 19.00 Eastleigh 48.90 48.90 Fareham 51.00 53.60 5% 54.90 2% Gosport 46.50 48.00 3% 49.00 2% Hart 70.00 73.00 4% 78.00 7% Havant 139.50 50.50 -64% 18.70 New Forest 47.50 49.00 3% 43.83 -11%

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HERTFORDSHIRE Broxbourne 52.00 54.00 4% 56.00 4% Dacorum 46.35 47.75 3% 49.20 3% East Hertfordshire 43.00 45.25 5% 48.75 8% Hertsmere 60.00 56.00 -7% 75.00 34% North Hertfordshire 62.40 67.20 8% 68.00 1% St Albans 46.00 47.00 2% 49.00 4% Stevenage 55.00 58.30 6% Three Rivers 0.00 50.00 45.00 -10% Watford 50.00 Welwyn Hatfield 49.00 50.50 3% 52.00 3%

KENT Ashford Canterbury Dartford Dover 39.20 40.00 2% 53.60 34% Gravesham 50.00 50.00 0% 55.00 10% 50.00 37.50 Maidstone 59.00 60.50 3% 62.25 3% 59.00 60.50 62.25 Sevenoaks Shepway 41.00 35.75 -13% 45.00 26% Swale Thanet 52.50 56.00 7% Tonbridge & Malling 78.00 81.00 4% 87.00 7% Tunbridge Wells 84.00 88.00 5% 90.00 2%

LANCASHIRE Burnley 48.00 Chorley 37.50 38.50 3% 37.50 38.50 Fylde 34.00 35.00 3% 26.00 -26% Hyndburn Lancaster 31.00 31.00 0% 31.00 0% Pendle 80.00 Preston 43.05 44.10 2% 45.20 2% Ribble Valley 29.00 30.00 3% 31.00 3% Rossendale South Ribble West Lancashire 25.00 26.00 4% 26.00 0% Wyre 37.00 38.50 4% 39.50 3%

LEICESTERSHIRE Blaby 30.00 48.00 60% 49.45 3% Charnwood 36.00 Harborough 46.85 48.25 3% 44.95 -7% 42.00 Hinckley & Bosworth Melton 34.00 35.00 3% 36.00 3% 34.00 35.00 36.00 North West Leicestershire 45.00 Oadby & Wigston 32.00 33.00 3% 33.00 0%

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NORFOLK Breckland 44.00 44.00 0% 48.55 10% 36.50 36.50 32.55 Broadland 25.00 26.00 4% 26.50 2% Great Yarmouth 42.50 25.00 30.00 Kings Lynn & West Norfolk 40.80 42.80 5% 44.00 3% North Norfolk 15.00 20.00 33% 20.00 0% Norwich 37.00 37.00 South Norfolk 32.00 34.00 6% 37.00 9%

NORTH YORKSHIRE Craven 34.50 34.50 0% 40.00 16% Hambleton 39.25 34.00 -13% 42.50 25% 40.00 41.50 42.75 Richmondshire 41.20 41.20 0% 43.00 4% Scarborough 51.00 54.00 6% Harrogate 85.00 85.00 0% 85.00 0% Ryedale Selby 44.59 43.50 44.59 47.20

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE Corby Daventry 58.00 40.00 -31% 40.00 0% East Northamptonshire Kettering 37.50 38.50 3% 39.00 1% Northampton 40.90 36.60 -11% 45.00 23% 78.00 South Northamptonshire Wellingborough 40.00 44.00 10% 44.66 1% 44.66

NORTHUMBERLAND Alnwick 30.00 Berwick-upon-Tweed 30.00 21.28 -29% 30.00 41% Blyth Valley Castle Morpeth Tynedale 40.00 45.00 13% 50.00 11% 29.40 50.00 Wansbeck 28.50 29.50 4% 30.50 3%

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE Ashfield 36.00 47.00 Bassetlaw 43.50 48.10 11% Broxtowe 44.00 44.00 0% 45.00 2% Gedling 32.50 37.50 15% 40.00 7% Mansfield 45.00 47.50 6% 48.00 1% Newark & Sherwood 50.00 45.50 -9% 49.36 8%

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OXFORDSHIRE Cherwell Oxford South Oxfordshire 65.00 65.00 Vale of White Horse 34.70 29.80 -14% 31.00 4% West Oxfordshire 39.50 41.00 4% 42.50 4%

SHROPSHIRE Bridgnorth 30.00 30.00 0% 31.50 5% North Shropshire Oswestry 38.00 Shrewsbury & Atcham 70.10 72.00 3% 75.00 4% South Shropshire

SOMERSET Mendip 99.95 103.00 3% Sedgemoor 32.70 56.70 Taunton Deane South Somerset West Somerset

STAFFORDSHIRE Cannock Chase 45.00 35.00 -22% 37.00 6% East Staffordshire 43.25 45.40 5% 47.00 4% Lichfield 25.00 30.00 20% Newcastle-under-Lyme 15.50 16.00 3% 30.00 88% South Staffordshire 39.00 40.20 3% 41.50 3% Stafford 67.50 69.50 3% 71.00 2% Staffordshire Moorlands 32.80 33.65 3% 34.50 3% Tamworth 32.15 33.10 3% 34.00 3%

SUFFOLK Babergh Forest Heath 32.50 33.25 2% 68.00 105% Ipswich 43.50 97.60 Mid Suffolk 69.50 89.50 29% 60.15 -33% St Edmundsbury 54.00 56.00 4% 60.00 7% 28.00 114.00 Suffolk Coastal 51.30 52.40 2% 54.58 4% Waveney 45.50 45.50 0% 46.50 2% 45.50 45.50

SURREY Elmbridge 63.35 65.90 4% 73.60 12% Epsom & Ewell 62.05 Guildford 62.00 166.67 Mole Valley 62.60 64.00 2% 65.60 2% Reigate & Banstead 56.00 57.30 2% 56.00 -2% Runnymede 20.00 20.00 Spelthorne 63.00 60.00 -5% 66.30 11% Surrey Heath 54.55 55.00 1% 60.00 9% Tandridge

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WARWICKSHIRE North Warwickshire 36.00 37.00 3% 45.00 22% Nuneaton & Bedworth 41.00 43.55 6% 47.90 10% 31.25 Rugby 56.75 59.95 6% 45.70 59.95 Stratford-on-Avon 45.00 45.00 0% 24.00 -47% Warwick 38.15 39.30 3% 40.50 3% 38.15 39.30 40.50

WEST SUSSEX Adur 12.30 12.60 2% 13.00 3% Arun 25.00 100.00 25.00 Chichester 83.50 85.60 3% 75.40 -12% 34.00 34.85 30.72 Crawley 63.00 65.00 3% 67.00 3% 40.00 41.00 42.00 Horsham Mid Sussex 103.17 113.48 10% 116.90 3% Worthing

WILTSHIRE Kennet 33.25 37.50 13% 52.00 39% 37.50 North Wiltshire Salisbury 40.00 40.00 West Wiltshire 50.70 56.00 10% 57.10 2% 57.10

WORCESTERSHIRE Bromsgrove 41.60 46.00 11% 32.00 -30% Malvern Hills 55.00 55.00 Redditch 28.25 33.10 17% 30.25 -9% Worcester 52.00 52.00 Wychavon 36.50 39.50 8% Wyre Forest 40.95 49.45 21% 59.90 21%

WALES

Blaenau Gwent Bridgend 35.00 36.50 4% Caerphilly 32.60 33.60 3% 34.65 3% 32.60 33.60 34.65 Cardiff 46.00 30.00 -35% 32.00 7% 72.00 Carmarthenshire Ceredigion 16.00 16.00 0% 17.00 6% Conwy 43.65 46.00 5% 48.00 4% Denbighshire 28.00 15.00 Flintshire 19.30 20.00 4% 42.00 110% Gwynedd 27.00 27.00 0% 27.00 0% Isle of Anglesey 15.50 16.00 3% 16.50 3% Merthyr Tydfil 29.00 30.00 3% 31.00 3% Monmouthshire 28.50 30.00 5% 31.00 3% Neath Port Talbot 35.00 36.00 3% 32.00 -11% 35.00 36.00 32.00 Newport 36.00 36.00 50.00 60.50 60.50 Pembrokeshire 21.50 22.00 2% 22.00 Powys 41.00 43.50 6% 50.00 15% 41.00 50.00 Rhondda Cynon Taff 36.00 Swansea Torfaen 38.60 42.50 10% 20.00 -53% Vale of Glamorgan 37.00 28.45 -23% 44.00 Wrexham 18.00 50.00 178% 20.25 -60% 80.00 35.00

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10.6 Case Study of a Typical Pool

Diagnostics of Littlehampton Swimming and Sports Centre

HNI feels it would be useful to examine the prices, costs and income of one pool which runs effectively in the south. Littlehampton has had over 10 million customer visits in 21 years, an average of 500,000 visits per year. As a typical swimming pool, it makes a useful referral point for pool operators wishing to cross reference pools of a similar size and capacity. The pool was originally designed for 100,000 customer visits per annum.

The financial breakdown in 2003/4 was as follows. Operating costs were £1 million and net income, £998,600 comprised of the following:

Table 89:

Gym £189,000 Vending £38,600 Swimming tuition £192,500 Swimming admissions £232,000 Schools £24,500 Pool hire £31,000 Parties (Dome/Pool/Disco) £33,000 Dry courses £24,000 Memberships £80,500 Holiday activities £28,000 Time out £19,000

The Total Fitness Suite is open 105 hours a week and the Centre organises 102 classes in that time. Of these, 59 are for fitness, 26 aerobics and 17 as a result of GP referrals. There are 2,498 members of the Fitness Suite, 66 of these being GP referrals. Gross receipts from vending are £103,000 bringing in a profit of £38,600.

A number of clubs use the pool including Littlehampton Swimming Club, Arun Dolphins and Sussex Squids Disabled. Tuff Fitti and Trinity Swimmers Triathlon Clubs also use the pool. Swimming tuition is given to 3,182 pupils per week. This is comprised of 21 schools and 3 colleges as well as 192 private lessons per week. The annual programme consists of 40 weeks of term time, 10 weeks built around school holidays and 2 weeks for maintenance close down, normally at Christmas. School swimming lessons take place between 9.30 a.m. and 12 noon while Centre lessons are taught between 3.30 and 6 p.m. on weekdays and between 7.30 and 11 a.m. on a Saturday.

The economic hire fee is £133 per hour. One to one tuition is offered and this costs £10 for a 30 minute session. The instructor is paid £10.83 per hour. Swimming lessons account for 21% of available pool space and brings in an income of close to £200,000. Unprogrammed swimming utilises 79% of available pool space and generates an income only slightly higher- £232,000. Swimming teaching costs include salaries of £26,939 and casual wages of £51,599.

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11. Free swimming initiatives

11.1 Free Junior Swimming in Wales

Free swimming for junior swimmers either as a year round, part year round or school holiday activity is bound to impact on pool prices in the long term. Earlier this report mentioned free swimming during the school holidays in Wales. In the summer of 2003, public swimming pools in Wales offered free swimming for school pupils during the summer holiday. This was the first national pilot scheme of its kind in Europe and was provided as a result of funding from the Welsh Assembly. The Welsh Assembly provided £2.5 million this year to continue the scheme for the Easter school holidays as well as providing £1.3 million to run a pilot scheme for older people.

The Sports Council for Wales surveyed 3,000 people over 6 weeks and the following were key results from the scheme in 2003:

There was a 108% increase in the number of young people swimming Young people in Wales swam 50% more than usual over the summer holidays 9 out of 10 children stated they had enjoyed the free swimming sessions 40% of parents agreed that their children had shown improvement in their swimming ability as a result of the Scheme Around 88% of pool managers stated that the pilot scheme had been a success The total number of swimming sessions by young people increased from 416,000 for the same period in 2002 to 803,000 over the 2003 summer holiday period. 562,000(70%) of these were free swims Some of the highest participation figures were recorded at pools within Community First Areas. Junior swimming in Aberfan increased by 105%; in Merthyr, the increase was from 89 to 128%; and overall, Community First areas experienced an average increase of 101%.

The Welsh Free Swimming Initiative was designed to increase health benefits, remove barriers to participation and improve standards in swimming. Increased participation amongst 15-24 year old women was another target. The support which each local authority received ranged between £58 and £236,000. 86 pools participated in the Scheme in 2003. 50% of pool time was devoted to free swimming whilst 30% of sessions were structured. The Scheme is being extended to people over 60 years of age.

11.2 Glasgow’s Juvenile Free Swim Initiative

Glasgow has organised annual free swimming in the school holidays for a number of years. As with Wales, one of the greatest barriers to participation in swimming has been the cost. Glasgow contains 41% of the most deprived wards in Scotland. 42% of under 16 year olds live in households dependent on income support and 41% of school pupils are entitled to free school meals, more than double the Scottish average of 18.8%.

Health is also an issue in Glasgow. 42% of all deaths are due to heart disease and the health care spend in Greater Glasgow is £878 million.

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Juvenile attendances in Glasgow were recorded as follows:

2000/1 2001/2 2002/3 2003/4 Swimming 238,668 563,665 370,052 321,172 Approximate cost of new £1.33 £2.02 £2.33 customer acquisition based on c.£750,000 p.a.* Overall indoor facilities 2,730,352 3,495,254 2,400,602 3,663,669 * The very rough guide above does not include any additional subsides offered by the local authority in support of the overall running cost of pools.

In the first year, there was a 123% increase in junior swimming attendances. Although attendances appear to have dropped in 2003/4, 3 pools were temporarily closed in Glasgow during the period. Due to some technological difficulties, Glasgow City Council estimates that they have been recording only about 70% of free swims overall. The Scheme, which costs £750,000 per year, is being extended to residents over the age of 60 years.

11.3 East London ‘Kids Go Free’ Programme

The East London free swimming programme is linked to the London 2012 Olympic Bid. The purpose is to increase the number of children swimming throughout the holidays and to promote physical activity amongst children and their families.

The programme started with a pilot scheme in Newham in 2003. In the first year ,it resulted in an upweight from 13,000 in 2002 to 52,000 swimmers. The Council managed to attract its target groups. 63% of swimmers were from black and ethnic groups and 43% from low income groups. 59% have returned to the pool since the offer period.

During Easter 2004, the Scheme was introduced to 5 London boroughs. 75,000 swims were recorded in the Easter holidays compared to 32,000 in 2003. Newham found that the increased involvement continued. During Easter 2002, there were 4,000 pool visits. Charges at this time were £1.40 per person. Free swimming during this period led to 14,000 visits in 2003 and 18,000 in 2004. Over 8,000 of the visits during this period were from people in the DE social group and Newham also delivered 400 free swimming lessons.

The programme was open to young people between the ages of 5 and 16 years. Research carried out by the London borough of Newham showed that 95% of users thought it was a good idea and 96% thought it should be repeated. 54% thought they would like to see free offers in other sports.

Newham felt that removing the price barrier had a big impact, particularly on lower income groups. Another important by-product was the reduction in youth crime. 78% of participants stated that they took part because it was free whilst 62% said it was because they enjoy swimming.

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12. Swimming and the General Household Survey 2002

The latest General Household Survey showed swimming participatory levels to be fractionally dropping. Nevertheless swimming remains the second most popular activity after walking. Nearly 10% more people took part in swimming than the third most popular activity:

Table 90:

Participation rates in the twelve in the four weeks months before before interview(%) interview(%) Walking 45.9 34.9 Any swimming 34.8 13.8 Indoor swimming 30.3 12.0 Oudoor swimming 12.5 2.8 Keep fit/yoga 21.5 12.0 Cycling 19.1 9 Snooker/pool/billiards 16.9 9.2 Ten pin bowls/skittles 15.3 3.3 Golf 12.1 4.8 Weight training 9.6 5.8 Any soccer 9.1 4.9 © Source:National Statistics Crown Copyright 2002

As HNI found in its 2004 Pool User Survey (see Table 5 ), swimming is biased towards female participation in all circumstances. Whether with regular pool users or the occasional user, swimming is still more popular with the general female population than the male.

Tables 91:

Participation rates by sex in the four weeks in the twelve before months before interview(%) interview(%) Men Women Total Men Women Total Any swimming 12 15 14 33 37 35 Indoor swimming 10 14 12 28 33 30 Outdoor swimming 3 3 3 14 11 12 Source:National Statistics © Crown Copyright 2002

The General Household Survey also looked at participatory rates in the four weeks before surveying by age:

Table 92:

Participation rates by age and sex in the four weeks before interview(%) 16-19 years 20-24 years 25-29 years 30-44 years 45-59 years 60-69 years 70+ Total Any swimming 19 17 17 20 13 7 3 14 Swimming- men 17 15 14 18 11 6 3 12 Swimming-women 21 19 20 22 14 9 3 15 Source:National Statistics © Crown Copyright 2002

There were mixed signals amongst general householders in terms of participation. There was a very slight drop amongst those that stated they had taken part in sport over the previous four

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weeks but a very significant drop amongst those who had taken part over the last twelve months. The inference from this survey is that the number of casual swimmers may be dropping significantly whilst the number of regular swimmers is changing very little:

Table 93:

Participation rates by years(%) 1987 1990 1993 1996 2002 Any swimming in four weeks before interview 13 15 15 15 14 Any swimming in twelve months before interview 35 42 43 40 35 Any swimming in four weeks before interview- Men 14 15 13 12 Any swimming in four weeks before interview- Women 15 16 17 15 Source:National Statistics © Crown Copyright 2002

When asked which sports respondents did not currently take part in but would like to take part in, 13% stated swimming, 12% keep fit and yoga and 5% in golf. Swimming might therefore be considered to be the most aspirational of sports among general householders. There would therefore appear to be a developing gap between a slightly decreasing number of swimmers and the number of people who would like to swim. This type of dissonance behaviour among swimming’s customers and potential customers is a trend that should give cause for concern amongst suppliers.

Whilst swimming is participated in by all social classes, the survey found a leaning towards managerial classes:

Table 94:

Participation rates in swimming in the four weeks before interview by socio-economic classification of household reference person (%) Large employers & higher managerial 24 Higher professional 20 Lower managerial & professional 17 Intermediate 13 Small employers & own account 12 Lower supervisory & technical 11 Semi-routine 9 Routine 8 Never worked & long-term unemployed 8 © Source:National Statistics Crown Copyright 2002

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Swimming is more popular in the south west than in other regions. The level of participation in swimming in other Government regions is between 12 and 14%:

Table 95:

Participatory rate in the four weeks before interview by Government region(%) North East 12 North West 13 Yorkshire & Humberside 13 East Midlands 12 West Midlands 11 East of England 13 London 14 South East 15 South West 18

The survey also found that among people who had participated in swimming in the four weeks before the survey, 19% were members of a club whilst among those people who had swum in the previous twelve months, only 2% were club members.

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13. Press Coverage of Swimming

Overall reported press coverage of swimming was slightly up in 2002-3 on the previous year. However, despite Britain’s good progress at international level, national press coverage dropped. In contrast, regional daily coverage increased significantly:

Table 96:

SWIMMING PRESS ANALYSIS Total Total Sunday Sunday Daily National Daily Regional Daily Local Consumer Sunday Daily National Daily Regional Daily Local Consumer Jan-02 9 33 16 37 8 103 Jan-03 18 29 14 20 6 87 Feb-02 4 16 24 29 5 78 Feb-03 2 1 29 18 1 51 Mar-02 10 69 58 149 10 296 Mar-03 6 5 39 33 8 91 Apr-02 6 53 45 75 2 181 Apr-03 6 58 47 153 1 265 May-02 2 13 19 33 4 71 May-03 2 12 30 16 10 70 Jun-02 3 2 3 8 4 20 Jun-03 1 16 39 26 4 86 Jul-02 12 63 35 56 2 168 Jul-03 12 54 105 50 4 225 Aug-02 6 36 28 52 6 128 Aug-03 5 49 67 43 11 175 Sep-02 8 30 19 61 5 123 Sep-03 2 3 40 32 7 84 Oct-02 1 5 11 13 9 39 Oct-03 1 5 26 25 8 65 Nov-02 0 0 0 0 1 1 Nov-03 2 7 35 36 5 85 Dec-02 9 35 30 74 15 163 Dec-03 2 29 58 40 6 135 Monthly Average 5.8 29.6 24.0 48.9 5.9 4.9 22.3 44.1 41.0 5.9 Total 70 355 288 587 71 1371 59 268 529 492 71 1419 % of Total 5% 26% 21% 43% 5% 4% 19% 37% 35% 5% Jan-04 5 19 29 14 3 70 Feb-04 4 14 46 30 4 98 Mar-04 2 7 23 34 6 72

Breakdown of Swimming Press Coverage, 2003

180

160

140

120

Sunday Daily 100 National Daily Regional Daily 80 Local No No of cuttings Consumer 60

0 Jan-03 Feb-03 Mar-03 Apr-03 May-03 Jun-03 Jul-03 Aug-03 Sep-03 Oct-03 Nov-03 Dec-03

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14. Review of Aquarobics

During the course of HNI’s visits to 49 pools, we gathered a considerable amount of evidence on Aquarobics. The name employed for Aquarobics varies from area to area, Aquafit being another regularly used product title. The picture was mixed. Anecdotal comments from management and staff in some pools suggested growth, others suggested that the activity is not growing in the way it once was. The reports from pools beneath should help to build a picture.

At the Everton Park Sports Centre in Liverpool, it costs £3 to take part in Aquarobics or £2 with a concession card. As many as 60 people attend sessions but the average attendance is nearer 35. The sessions are held on a Tuesday between 8 and 9 p.m. with a Splashexercise session held at the same time on a Thursday.

At Bromsgrove, Water Aquarobics costs £3.40 whilst aerobics costs £3.20 per session. Sessions last for an hour. Two sessions are held on a Monday, one on a Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. An extra session has just been added on a Friday between 11 and 12.00 noon.

Like many pools, Halifax, which runs three swimming pools, finds that Aquarobics drops off in the winter. At Halifax Pool, they get between 25 and 30 attendees but this number falls in the winter going towards Christmas. Christmas proves to be a stimulus as they can get up to 75 attendees immediately after the holidays. They run a women’s only class for one session and another one consisting of GP exercise referrals. Costs at their Halifax, Brighouse and Todmorden sites vary slightly but are in the region of £2.85 and £1.70 for Passport to Leisure members.

At the Magnum Leisure Centre in Irvine, they ran three classes of half an hour including one class for GP referrals and one class for deep water aquatics. These classes continued for about five years but stopped about eighteen months ago when class numbers dropped from 40 attendees for each class. The cost at the time was £3.50 per session with GP referrals paying £2.30. Aquarobics have also ended at a number of other pools.

Ipswich is a large enough town to be able to run 4 to 5 classes per week with an average of 35 attendees. The classes are comprised of Aquamax, a high intensity class for men and women; AquaFit, a class for everybody including first time exercisers; Aquanatal, a fitness class for pregnant women normally preceded by a health screen. Aquanatal classes are normally taken by a qualified midwife or instructor. Finally, Ipswich runs an Aqua Care class which consists of a gentle workout for those recovering from injuries, operations or childbirth.

Hutton Moore Leisure Centre at Weston-super-Mare does not run any GP referral classes but runs Aqua Yoga for ladies twice a week on a Monday and Wednesday morning. The class consists of gentle exercise and relaxation and is targeted at post and pre-natal swimmers. They also run Aquarobics and normally there are 50 to 60 attendees. The cost is £3.30 per session.

At Barry, they feel that Aquafit is growing. They now hold lunch time sessions on a Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday with about 30 attendees for each class. It costs £2.10 to attend and £1 with a leisure card. St James’ Pool at King’s Lynn also report that Water Aerobics is expanding. Costs vary between £3.80 for a non-leisure card holder, £3.30 for a leisure card holder and £2.30 for concessionary customers. There are two sessions, one between 6.10 and 7.10 p.m. on a Tuesday and the other between 6.50 and 7.50 p.m. on a Thursday. Participation rises to 50/60 customers in the summer.

Coventry Sports and Leisure Centre offer a full range of prices and classes to customers. Four sessions, each of 45 minutes, are held in the main 50 metre pool and one session is held in the splash pool. They also offer a complete range of price packages ranging from £4 at peak times to £1.75 off-peak. This includes £2.85 for NUS members.

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Castle Milk Pool in Glasgow felt that Aquarobics has plateaued and is not growing. During the autumn, the number of attendees drops each year and the number of attendees was about 15 people for each of their three classes.

At Henbury in Bristol, they have one Aquafit session per week on a ‘club’ style evening. There are a regular 30 attendees. The class attrition rate is around 10%. Prices are the same across Bristol. It costs £2.75 per session or £2.45 with a concessionary sports card. At Bishopsworth, the pool is limited by size to approximately 30 participants, normally on a first come, first served basis. They also run fun classes for improving fitness and body tone. These are suitable for ante- natal swimmers or customers with joint problems.

Overall, the picture for Aquarobics is mixed. The great drivers are GP referrals, pregnancy and the general awareness that people now have of a healthier approach to their lives. The activity used to be female only but men now also take part. Customers do not have to be swimmers to take part in Aquarobics and therefore new customer groups are attracted to the pool.

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15. National Swimathon

The Butlins Swimathon raises money for charity each year. In 2004, it was held in 500 pools. More than 25,000 people took part in 500 different pools through Britain. To date, £1.5 million has been raised in 2004 for charity.

The event was originally established in 1986 as a promotional and swimmer retention programme for pools in London. It grew into a national event in the 1990’s under the sponsorship of BT and is now sponsored by Butlins. It has continued to be seen by pool managers as a way of encouraging pool usage and for driving up repeat pool use.

The following are key facts:

The total amount of money raised is more than £20 million

Number of benefiting national charities over the years- 20

Total number of swimmers- 440,000

Total number of miles swum- 554,600 (more than 22 times round the globe)

Holds Guinness World Record for being the highest swimming fundraiser

Holds Guinness World Record for the most number of people swimming simultaneously

The individual sponsorship record is Andrew Hudson of Saffron Walden with £13,543.50

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16. Water Safety

16.1 Accidental Drowning

Accidental drowning trends have not fluctuated. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents is concerned at the lack of data on incidents of near drowning as well as drowning. It now runs the Inland Water Data Gathering System (INREM). The police, fire service, ambulance service, inland lifeboats, mountain rescue and some navigation authorities as well as the National Rivers Authority and British Waterways all take part in this intelligence gathering system. All water incidents, and so far in 2004 there have been over 300, are recorded on-line.

The last data was gathered for 2001 and indicates that patterns remain the same. These are as follows:

Drownings in the UK 2001

Rivers, streams 14, 3% 10, 2% 9, 2% 7, 2% 31, 7% Coastal

171, 41% Canals 52, 12% Lakes & reservoirs Home baths Docks & harbours 53, 13% 74, 18% Garden ponds Swimming pools

In 2001, 421 people drowned in the UK. This is 27 less than in 2000 when 448 people drowned. The number of people under the age of 15 who drowned was at its second lowest level, 40 people. In 1998, 37 people under the age of 15 drowned. Overall, the drowning rate per 100,000 members of the population is 0.76%. The situation in which people drown is variable. Amongst those recorded have been:

Table 97:

Angling from land 9 In vehicles 25 Angling from boat 7 Playing 10 Swimming 33 Sub aqua 18 Fell in 48 Canoeing 5 Alcohol 94 Cycling 1 Boating 22

Whilst drownings in swimming pools were limited to 9 (7 of these in public pools, 1 at home and 1 in a private pool), there is growing concern over British children when abroad. 75 British children (49 boys, 26 girls) have drowned abroad over the last 8 years, 74% of these in hotel pools. The majority (51) drowned in the European Union (67%). 25 drowned in Spain and 10 in the USA.

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ROSPA are currently working with the Royal Life Saving Society and the University of Wales College of Medicine in order to investigate the epidemiology of British children drowning abroad.

16.2 Britain compared to the rest of Europe

Overall Britain fairs no worse than other European Countries. Only Austria, France, Portugal and Spain have better rates than Britain. France and Spain’s figures have improved in recent years:

Table 98(see over page):

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European Countries- Number of deaths by accidental drowning and submersion 2002 Rates per 100,000 0-14 Rates per 100,000 inhabitants Country Sex 2002-All years inhabitants-2002 0-14 years- 2002

Austria Male 2 0 0 0 Female 1 0 0 0 All 3 0 Czech Republic Male 91 7 1.83 0.84 Female 25 1 0.48 0.13 All 116 8 Denmark Male 35 3 1.33 0.6 Female 7 1 0.26 0.21 All 42 4 Estonia Male 85 6 13.54 4.99 Female 22 1 3 0.88 All 107 7 Finland Male 135 10 5.32 2.1 Female 28 3 1.05 0.66 All 163 13 France Male 77 13 0.27 0.23 Female 43 8 0.14 0.15 All 120 21 Hungary Male 155 20 3.20 2.35 Female 29 5 0.54 0.62 All 184 25 Latvia Male 212 22 19.63 11.02 Female 55 12 4.35 6.29 All 267 34 Malta Male 6 0 3.07 0 Female 0 0 0 0 All 6 0 Norway Male 23 4 1.03 0.86 Female 10 1 0.44 0.23 All 33 5 Poland Male 475 93 2.53 2.58 Female 131 2 0.66 0.76 All 606 95 Portugal Male 7 0 0.14 0 Female 5 1 0.09 0.12 All 12 1 Romania Male 507 59 4.75 2.99 Female 132 20 1.18 1.06 All 639 79 Slovakia Male 128 12 4.90 2.33 Female 25 3 0.90 0.61 All 153 15 Slovenia Male 26 1 2.67 0.63 Female 10 2 0.98 1.34 All 36 3 Spain Male 142 15 0.72 0.49 Female 36 6 0.17 0.21 All 178 21 Sweden Male 104 6 2.36 0.72 Female 18 2 0.4 0.25 All 122 8 (Source: EC Statistics)

(Photo: rear cover, Daniel Hanbury, Stella Pictures)

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