INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY 156 SPRING NEWS 2011 THE BULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA

Prof Angus Buchanan G Marilyn Palmer G Egypt G RIP G Ditherington Mill Breweries G Long Eaton Day School G Lincoln Castle G City of Adelaide Our first Honorary President retires

At the AGM in Cornwall in September this year, result of reading his seminal book, Industrial Professor Angus Buchanan stood down from the Archaeology in Britain (1972). He was particularly position of Honorary President which he had interested in the great engineers and published INDUSTRIAL filled for three terms of three years, from 2001- The Engineers: a History of the Engineering 2010. This new role was created at the AGM in Profession in Britain (1989) and The Power of the ARCHAEOLOGY Cambridge in 2001, when Council decided that Machine: the impact of technology from 1799 to the increasing activities of the AIA meant that the present day (1992). The recent two hundredth NEWS 156 both a Chairman and a President was necessary if anniversary of the birth of Brunel kept him busy Spring 2011 AIA was to fulfil all its objectives. Angus has filled with many external lectures as well as the this role with great dedication and readers of the publication of Brunel: the life and times of Honorary President Newsletter will be familiar with pictures of his Isambard Kingdom Brunel (2006). Those who Prof Marilyn Palmer 63 Sycamore Drive, Groby, Leicester LE6 0EW presentations of cheques to award winners and attended last September’s conference in Cornwall Chairman plaques to sites and museums who have won the will always remember his very successful Tony Crosby 261 Stansted Road, Bishop’s Stortford, Herts CM23 2BT annual President’s Awards following the annual organisation of a seminar to commemorate what Vice-Chairman conference. would have been the hundredth birthday of Tom Mark Sissons This was not, of course, the first role that Rolt. 33 Burgate, Pickering, North Yorkshire YO18 7AU Secretary Angus has played in AIA. His successful Bath We all hope that we shall continue to see Barry Hood conferences in the early 1960s eventually became Angus and Brenda at conferences and most 9 Kennerty Park, Peterculter, Aberdeen AB14 0LE peripatetic and finally, in the Isle of Man in 1973, sincerely thank him for his championship of Treasurer Bruce Hedge led to the formation of AIA. Tom Rolt was elected industrial archaeology from its earliest days, for 7 Clement Close, Wantage, Oxon OX12 7ED as its first President but sadly died within a few his support of AIA throughout the whole period of IA Review Editor months and Angus then took over, remaining as its existence and particularly, of course, for the Dr David Gwyn Nant y Felin, Llanllyfni Road, Pen y Groes, President (the role now styled as Chairman) until dedication he has shown most recently in Caernarfon LL54 6LY 1977, himself handing over to Neil Cossons. From fulfilling the role of Honorary President. IA News Editor 1967-70, he had been the Founding President of Marilyn Palmer Chris Barney The Barn, Back Lane, Birdingbury CV23 8EN the Bristol Industrial Archaeology Society (BIAS), Affiliated Societies Officer one of the most successful of the early county IA Vacant societies. Outside AIA, Angus also served as Our New President Conference Secretary John McGuinness Chairman of the CBA’s Industrial Archaeology Marilyn Palmer took over from Angus Buchanan 29 Altwood Road, Maidenhead SL6 4PB Committee, on various committees for the as AIA’s Honorary President at the AGM in Endangered Sites Officer Dr Mike Nevell National Trust in support of the conservation of Cornwall in September 2010. Like her University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT industrial sites, as a Commissioner with the Royal predecessor, she has been involved with AIA for a Librarian and Archivist Commission on the Historical Monuments of long time, first serving as Affiliated Societies John Powell c/o IGMT, Ironbridge, Telford, Shrops TF8 7DQ England and as President of the Newcomen Liaison Officer and subsequently as Chairman of Publicity Officer Society. With his wife Brenda, also a familiar Council on two occasions and as Editor, jointly Roy Murphy figure to AIA conference attendees, he has also with the late Peter Neaverson, of Industrial 3 Wellington Road, Ombersley, Worcs WR9 0DZ Recording Awards Officer played a major role in the international Archaeology Review from 1984 to 2001. Dr Victoria Beauchamp committee for the history of technology, Although she read History at the University of 3 Parsonage Court, Parsonage Crescent, Walkley, ICOHTEC. Angus had, of course, founded the Oxford (where she first attended a seminar on IA Sheffield S6 5BJ Sales Officer Centre for the Study of the History of Technology in 1964) and spent ten years in teacher training Roger Ford at the University of Bath, where he had started as before becoming a member of, and then Head of, Barn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, a lecturer in economic and social history at what the History Department of Loughborough Shropshire WV15 6AF Council Members was then Bristol College of Science and University, Marilyn took a postgraduate David Alderton (Heritage Link) Technology in 1960. qualification in archaeology and taught evening Chris Barney Mike Bone The publications that Angus has produced are classes in industrial archaeology for over thirty Dr Robert Carr (BA Awards) too many to list here. Like many others, I was first years. Her fieldwork in the East Midlands, Wales Dr Paul Collins (Partnerships) inspired to study industrial archaeology as a and Cornwall was entirely carried out with Steve Dewhirst Helen Gomersall (co-editor IA Review) David Lyne (Conservation Award) Michael Messenger (Website manager) Stephen Miles (Conference bookings) Prof Marilyn Palmer Amber Patrick Paul Saulter (overseas trips) Mark Watson (TICCIH GB National Rep) Ian West (Health & Safety) Honorary Vice-Presidents Prof Angus Buchanan Sir Neil Cossons Prof John Hume Stuart B. Smith Liaison Officer David de Haan and Anne Lowes (assistant), AIA Liaison Office, The Ironbridge Institute, Ironbridge Gorge Museum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX. Tel: 01325 359846. E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.industrial-archaeology.org

COVER PICTURE Heritage of Industry visit inside the Alexandria Port Authority Building Photo: Bill Barksfield Prof Angus Buchanan Prof Marilyn Palmer

2—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 volunteers and she continues to advocate the advocated by her predecessor as President of AIA, mining and textiles. As an archaeologist, she is importance of the role of the volunteer as a Vice- Angus Buchanan. In fact, Marilyn has previously concerned to show that the archaeological as President of the Council for British Archaeology followed in Angus’s footsteps on the Archaeology well as documentary evidence for the early as well as with AIA. Marilyn was eventually able Panel of the National Trust and as a modern period can make a substantial to pursue her archaeological interests at Commissioner with the Royal Commission on the contribution to the ongoing debate on the origins university level following her move to the Historical Monuments of England from 1993 until and development of industrialisation in both University of Leicester, joining the School of its amalgamation with English Heritage in 1999. Britain and Europe. The topic for her Leverhulme Archaeological Studies (now the School of With Peter Neaverson, Marilyn has published Emeritus Fellowship, following her retirement Archaeology and Ancient History) and becoming Industrial Landscapes of the East Midlands from the University of Leicester in 2008, is an Head of Department from 2000-2006. Her (1992), Industry in the Landscape: 1700-1900 investigation into the social and landscape appointment to a Chair in Industrial Archaeology (1994) Industrial Archaeology: Principles and consequences of technological innovation on was a recognition of the increasing importance Practice (1998) and The Textile Industry in South- country house estates from the 18th to the 20th the discipline as part of both academic and west England: a Social Archaeology (2005), as centuries, which has proved to be almost as full- professional archaeology, something long well as other books and articles, particularly on time as her previous posts in universities.

Egypt

A Heritage of Industry tour from 16-23 October overlooking the delta. It showed us the large who had never before worked on a project of this explored parts of Egypt unknown to most extent of unplanned, speculative development size. This placed extra demands on the tourists. In visiting the new Alexandria Library between the two cites and included a quite contractors but all worked out well. The and the Suez Canal as well as more typical familiar rest stop and service station. Our construction was done in two stages and it was industrial features, the participants were well Alexandria hotel was on the Corniche before the second that it was realised that digital rewarded. overlooking the sea. All the buildings were very technology would be the way for libraries of the shabby needing, at least, a coat of paint. The future and the necessary building design changes Richard Hartree traffic on the Corniche was horrendous with were incorporated. The roof slopes to the pedestrian crossings far apart and the locals northwest with windows that provide good There were 26 people on this visit, most AIA or risking their lives to cross. The centuries old class daylight in the Reading Room but no direct Newcomen members. Several arrived early or and style of Alexandria seemed to be absent. sunlight. There are four basement floors, an stayed on after to visit ancient, or other, aspects Our first visit was to the new library, the entrance floor and five floors above but because of Egypt. Biblioteca Alexandrina. It was introduced to us by of the inclined roof all floors do not cover the The visit was made possible by Paul Saulter’s Dr Mohsen Zahran who had been the first entire circular plan. The overall effect is visually friend David Wardrop who is Chairman of the Director. It was founded for two purposes. One very striking from both outside and inside. There International Friends of the Alexandria Library was to be the library for the University of is no trace of local architectural or decorative and had the experience and contacts needed to Alexandria founded by King Farouk in August traditions. It is a truly great modern building. find our way through the Egyptian bureaucracy. It 1942. The other was to be a focus for the Following lunch on the surrounding patio we is almost impenetrable. High level people might reestablishment of Alexandria as a centre of reverted to true AI type with a visit to the have given approval for our visits but those who culture with the degree of openness and Alexandria tram services repair workshops for had to handle them were often unaware, leading scholarship that it had had in ancient times. This their older trams. These were German and had to last minute changes of plan. Thanks to David remarkable building houses millions of books and come second hand from Copenhagen in the and our local guide/translator we did achieve manuscripts, an internet archive, 2000 desktop 1960s. The seats and bodywork showed their age most of the planned visits. access points, eight specialist research centres, but their mechanical parts were still giving good We all flew into Cairo and travelled to our fifteen permanent exhibitions and more. It is open service. They had a total of 90 trams of which 70- first planned visit in Alexandria by train or coach. to all through the internet. There is also a 80 were kept in service, a creditable performance. The train journey was quicker and went directly Conference Centre, a Planetarium and a History We had a short ride on a privately owned 1920s across the agricultural land of the Nile delta. The of Science Museum in separate buildings. vintage tram. It was during this tram ride that we coach journey, after leaving the shabby outskirts The design of the library was selected by an first became aware of our Tourist Police escort. of Cairo, went by the new Desert Highway, which open international competition and the winners We were always escorted by a police car and ran on the western edge of the desert were a group of four young Norwegian architects accompanied in the coach by an armed

Dr Zahran and David Wardrop Photo: Bill Barksfield Inside the Biblioteca Alexandrina Photo: Bill Barksfield

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 —3 AIA members getting up close and personal with the underside of a tram at the workshops The Biblioteca Alexandrina as seen across the water from Fort Qaitbey Photo: Bill Barksfield Photo: Bill Barksfield

Container ship going north on the Suez Canal at the junction with Lake Timsah One of the Suez Canal Authority’s largest tugs on Lake Timsah Photo: Bill Barksfield Photo: Bill Barksfield plainclothes man! Tourism is Egypt’s second museum; it was rather outdated in its The following visit to the Suez Canal largest foreign currency earner and is well looked presentation. There were some warehouses of the Authority was a high point of our trip. We had after. 1800s. had, the evening before, a comprehensive lecture In the evening we went to Montazah Palace Following this we went to the Qaitbey Fort by Dr Mamdouh Hamza, on the history of canals for dinner. An amazing 1890s building, it is which was built over the site of the ancient in Egypt including the challenges faced by those reputed to have been built for a mistress of the Pharos. Lunch was taken at the nearby Fish who built the Suez Canal. We took a brief cruise Khedive of the time, with an ‘over the top’ interior Market. In the afternoon we visited the Roman on Lake Timsah going close to where the Lake and in a mixture of styles. It was in keeping with the amphitheatre. Alexandria had certainly provided the canal join. Huge bulk carriers were old Alexandria and a great place for dinner. us with plenty of variety. progressing slowly north, separated by about ten Nearby we looked at one of Alexandria’s The next morning we set off by coach for minutes - their stopping distance. It was a most windmills; wind had been the only source of Ismailia. The road took us east across the Nile impressive sight. The original canal had taken 10 power until steam arrived. After dinner there was delta crossing the Rosetta and the Damieta years to dig, cost FF369M, employed 1.2M a concert for the opening of AlexFest 2010 held in branches. We were able to see the heavily Egyptian workers of whom 120 000 died. Since the Great Hall of the Library Conference Centre. It cultivated land of the delta and as we got further the reopening of the canal in 1975, after the had been a full day! east the dunes on the coast near Port Said. Camp David peace treaty with Israel, it has been The following morning we intended to visit Security was very tight. We were unable to visit deepened and widened in four stages to its sites in the Western Harbour of the Alexandria the El Ferdan railway bridge which is reputed to current 22.5m depth and 5200m² cross section to Port Authority. It turned out that some of these be the longest swing bridge in the world. take 240 000t vessels. This includes all container were ‘off limits’ for us as they were on land Ismailia was developed by the French during ships, 97% of bulk carriers and 62% of tankers. owned by the Egyptian military who would allow the construction of the canal in the 1860s. It lies Canal tolls are based on the savings the vessel no visitors. However, we were able to visit on the freshwater Lake Timsah and is a pleasant can make by choosing the Canal rather than the commercial parts of the Port Authority’s harbour, green city with many spacious houses. We had a Cape route. The Authority makes its calculation largely by viewing from the coach. The main brief visit to the Ismailia museum with its and negotiates the toll for passage with the Egyptian cruise ship terminal is here. This can remarkable Roman floor mosaic and a variety of owner/operator. The Canal revenues amount to handle five ships at a time and has a new small finds from the district. Afterwards we went $1M a day, making it by the far the largest foreign retail/hospitality building which was still seeking to the house where De Lesseps, the French currency earner for Egypt. It is no wonder that a tenant. 171 cruise ships and 250 000 people diplomat who managed to bring the Egyptian and security is so tight. visited in 2009. The various types of cargo have French parties to the project together, lived during We learned that the canal’s width limits it to separate ‘ports’. In 2009 nearly 6000 ships, 45.5M the construction of the canal; a nice house with a one way traffic and the Authority operates to tonnes of cargo and 1.25M containers were pleasant garden. The original bed hangings maximise revenue so northbound, with generally handled. We also visited the Port Authority’s looked distinctly sad. the more valuable cargoes, has precedence. One

4—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 continuous convoy starts from Suez at midnight. arrived there was one of our ‘the man at the gate Mahomet Ali to glorify his position as ruler of Southbound there are two convoys a day, one wasn’t expecting us’ delays. Once this was Egypt – strictly, still within the Ottoman Empire. starting at 7 am waits in passing places to allow overcome we had a good visit to the passenger The following day (our last) Prof Bodenstein the northbound convoy to go by. Vessels are rolling stock and diesel engine workshops, guided took us to two sites north of Cairo, in the delta. piloted through the whole length with separate by the Chief Engineer. The engines were by GE of The first was the remains of a large cotton pilots for each of three sections. We had the good the USA and GM of Canada. Next we went to ginning mill built in the 1890s and operated until fortune to see the 210° simulator used for the Cairo’s main station to visit the Railway Museum. the 1990s. Initially this was a very successful training of pilots. Training is also given to ship’s It is a museum of the 1930s, currently closed to period for the Egyptian cotton business. We first captains so they can work better with the pilots. the public, with most of the exhibits covered. looked at the impressive castellated main We saw the new 360° simulator under There was a spectacular 1852 engine, very finely entrance and administration buildings on the installation. This will be able to represent two painted for use by the Khedive, built by Robert river frontage. They reminded me of the, probably tugs working on a ship at the same time which is Stephenson of Newcastle on Tyne. [NB. John less impressive, buildings of the Lancashire cotton very complicated so the simulation training is Porter in his report gives the date as 1862]. The industry I had seen in my youth. The remaining vital for tug captains and pilots. We were the first photographs of 1930s signals and auxiliary items mill buildings consisted of two long bays, stripped visitors to see it. (When cruising on Lake Nasser were pleasant reminders of our youth in Britain. I of all machinery, but with the main rope-drive two weeks later I learned that the steersman had saw those same signals in use on Egyptian lines pulley still in place. Subsequently the ‘man with trained on the Authority’s simulator.) later. the key’ was found and we passed through the The coach trip back to Cairo showed us, once The afternoon brought a complete change of boiler room, with two Babcock boilers of 1950, again, the extent and apparent randomness of scene, guide and period. We went to the Cairo and into the engine room where there was an the ribbon development along the highway and Citadel, an old fortress above the city which was extraordinary engine. It was a triple expansion the extent of the poor, shabby suburbs of Cairo. occupied by Mahomet Ali in the early 1800s and cross compound by Sulzer which drove the rope The ‘rebar forest’ of steel protruding from the where he converted some buildings into an pulley and also housed the rotor of an AC tops of columns of unfinished buildings was arsenal and gun foundry. There was a chimney generator, the stator being of smaller diameter everywhere, explained by the fact that lined with bricks from J Ball of Alloa, well known than the rotor. The generator was made by ‘unfinished’ buildings were not taxed; a well for refractory bricks. Unfortunately the ‘man with Oerlikon and a totally Swiss conception. None of known situation in Mediterranean countries. the key’ had gone home so we were unable to get us had seen its like before, a great IA coup for the The following morning we were to visit the in. We could see the top of the chimney and the trip. Egyptian National Railways engineering base and roofs of several other buildings with their large Later we went downstream a short way to workshops. It proved very difficult to reach; the ‘windcatchers’. Our guide, Prof Ralph Bodenstein see two early barrages built to control the elevated highways, one way streets, our coach’s was very knowledgeable and helpful. The citadel flooding by, and irrigation from, the Nile in the large turning circle and maybe some doubts in is a confusing complex of buildings and we ended delta. They were built just downstream of the our driver’s mind all contributing. When we with a visit to the mosque built 1830-48 by division of the river into the Rosetta and Damietta

AIA members climbing into the pilot training simulator Photo: Bill Barksfield In the railway maintenance yards Cairo Photo: Bill Barksfield

The entrance to the cotton ginning mill Photo: Bill Barksfield Stripped out line shafting with the main drive pulley Photo: Bill Barksfield

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 —5 Triple expansion cross compound Sulzer Photo: Bill Barksfield Oerlikon generator Photo: Bill Barksfield

branches. The first was built by Mahomet Ali in wondering what remains that industry, so about 1840 and, the story goes, knowing that a important to the Egyptian economy, is going to large quantity of stone would be needed he leave for IA visitors of a hundred or more years proposed it could most easily be obtained for hence. those ready cut piles - the Pyramids! Fortunately This trip was Paul Saulter’s ‘swan song’ from for posterity, someone suggested a cost Heritage of Industry. All of us who have comparison be made and it showed that benefitted from the trips congratulate him on quarrying would be cheaper. These barrages founding the business and successfully running it suffered from seepage of water seeping under for all these years. Thank you Paul. We wish the them and later in the 1800s the British best to Bill Barksfield who is now taking over. engineered a second barrage just upstream which was more successful. The Aswan high dam, completed in 1971, rendered these barrages unnecessary and they are no longer used. VISIT THE AIA Our trip ended with a Son et Lumiere show at the Pyramids that evening. WEBSITE After this trip I continued to support the The foundry with the firmly padlocked door Egyptian economy as a tourist taking cruises on www.industrial-archaeology.org.uk Photo: Bill Barksfield the Nile and Lake Nasser. I found myself AIA SALES The following items are available from the Sales Officer: AIA REGIONAL GAZETTEERS INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY REVIEW Cambridge & Peterborough £4.95 Derbyshire £5.50 BACK ISSUES Greater Manchester £4.95 Hertfordshire & Lea Valley £5.50 Volumes I – VI Kent £4.95 Lancashire £5.50 Vol. I. No. 1; Vol. III. No. 2; and Vol. VII. No. 2: sold out North West Wales £3.95 Scotland, Forth & Clyde £5.50 per set (16 issues): £18.00 plus P + P £9.35 inland, P.O.A. overseas South East Wales £4.95 West Midlands: £1.50 per volume: £5.00 plus P + P £3.85 inland, £5.50 overseas Wiltshire: £5.50 per issue: £2.00 plus P + P £1.60 inland, £1.90 overseas Volumes VII – XIII P + P extra: One copy: £0.60 inland, £1.10 overseas. per volume: £8.00 incl. inland P + P, add £4.50 overseas Two copies: £0.85p inland, £1.90 overseas. per issue: £4.00 incl. inland P + P, add £2.40 overseas Three copies: £0.85 inland, £2.60 overseas (except Vol X No.2 (Textiles) and Vol XII No.1 (Mining): £4.50 incl.) Six or more copies: half postage Volumes XIV – XVIII Ten or more copies: post-free per volume: £12.00 incl. inland P + P, add £4.50 overseas per issue: £6.00 incl. inland P + P, add £2.40 overseas AIA TIES (blue) Volumes XIX – XX (new format) £7.20 incl P + P £18.00 incl. inland P + P, add £2.40 overseas Volumes VII – XX Set: Half price @ £77.00 Volumes XXI onwards are only obtainable from Maney Publishing, Suite 1c, Joseph’s Well, Hanover Walk, Leeds LS3 1AB

All prices are for surface mailing. A discount is available to booksellers on all AIA publications. Cheques should be made payable to the Association for Industrial Archaeology and sent with orders to: Roger Ford, AIA Sales Officer, Barn Cottage, Bridge Street, Bridgnorth, Shropshire WV15 6AF The AIA accepts payments by the following credit cards: ACCESS VISA MASTERCARD Please write for sales slip

6—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 Reusing the Industrial Past

Held in Tampere, Finland, 10-14 August 2010, cardboard for Russian cigarette packets. The action, such as at Rheinfelden power station. this congress combined three interlinked factory is in the very heart of the city, just off the Jyrki Laiho spoke on challenges for modern conferences (ICOHTEC, TICCIH and WORKLAB) cobbled main square, and the city authorities are Tampere: the spaces most responsive to change into one, an unparalleled opportunity for the in no hurry to push it out, but will know what to are those most likely to survive in the innovative exchange of ideas in a superb industrial setting. do with the buildings when it does shut. Another proto-economy. Luckily Tampere has the premises highlight is the Amuri museum of working class in the city centre able to provide these: 100,000 Mark Watson, TICCIH GB representative. housing, filling an entire block of single-room m2 of old red brick buildings. City planner Mikko shared-kitchen timber housing. Jarvi followed the next day with an account of the There were some 370 delegates from 39 Tammerkoski and its transformation over its 1.5 countries, and 240 papers were delivered in six WORKLAB is the International Association of km long, 18 metre descent between lakes. There parallel sessions, in both Tampere University and Labour Museums, particularly strong in were some early successes and a challenge that the Finlayson cotton mill. This was the first proper Scandinavia. See www.worklab.inf. was something of a turning point. Frenckel paper factory in Finland, founded by a Scot in 1820 as a mill closed in 1928 and was converted into a machine shop which, once it had made some ICOHTEC, the International Committee for the theatre in a park, where the first Finnish wood cotton machines, started spinning, fitfully at first. History of Technology was founded in 1968 with pulp mill was recently excavated. Broadcloth A new mill built in 1837 now offers different UNESCO blessing as a forum for scholars of factory Verkatehdas, on the other hand, was floors for lectures in amongst young technology on both sides of the iron curtain. It is substantially demolished in the 1970s, triggering entrepreneurs starting high tech telecoms drawn from academic circles and bears some a local determination to keep the others: this was businesses. A range of state of the art museums similarity to SHOT (Society for the History of Finland’s Euston Arch. Now adaptive re-use of the of design, printing, textiles, telecoms, espionage, Technology). See www.icohtec.org. others has been achieved after hard negotiation labour and steam engines accompanies the by the city authorities. A parallel meeting (Finns shops, restaurants, cinema, art studios, and TICCIH, The International Committee for the only) considered the potential for a World newspaper publishing, pharmaceutical and other Conservation of The Industrial Heritage, is drawn Heritage nomination, and downplayed some local businesses within the complex. The irony of the from historians, conservators, archaeologists, aspirations. acronym RIP was not lost on the organisers, but curators, researchers, students, academics and There followed a huge selection of other these former factories are far from resting in others. The main meetings are on a three-year papers and poster presentations, amongst some peace. cycle, and this was not one of them, but the on cultural territorial networks, on ERIH and the The adaptive re-use of the Finlayson Mill, opportunity was taken to hold short meetings of Austrian iron route. Other strands included the exquisitely done, but even there not without the Hydro-electrical/ electrochemical section, the experiences of workplaces, the education of some agonising about what was sacrificed, of the Textile section, and a reconstituted Railways engineers, different aspects of places of memory, Tampella engineering and linen works (the section. See www.ticcih.org. the uses of popular media, sustainability, Museum Centre Vapriikki is here), and of other industrial settlements and adaptive re-use of enterprises on the Tammerkoski River (or Rapids) Keynote lecturer Anna Storm presented industrial “Factories of the Imagination”. The Finlayson and was presented in situ by well-informed and heritage in Avesta and Malmsberget, (Sweden) Tampella mills are just such places. costumed volunteer guides. A bus tour took in an with its giant pit, 200 m deep. TICCIH President outlying aircraft factory (built 1936, now making Pat Martin next argued that the research and Conference website: machines for moving containers), Nokia and activism of TICCIH is concentrated on the ultimate www.tampere.fi/industrialpast2010/ other high tech businesses, adapted shoe public values of heritage. This colours and justifies factories, textile and paper mills, a match factory much of what industrial history scholars do, such TICCIH GB also took the opportunity to meet and a lead shot tower (1908) in Pispala. Tako as in ICOHTEC. TICCIH projects to come include a there on 11 August 2010 (see the report in the board mill was a highlight; its long paper machine six-language industrial glossary, a digital News section). It will meet next year in the UK, at still operates behind large windows, making light newsletter, and more examples of advocacy in a time and place yet to be decided.

Sulzer cross compound horizontal engine, 1899, in situ in Finlayson Mill Tampella engineering and linen works Photo: Mark Watson Photo: Mark Watson

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 —7 The Endangered Sites Officer needs your help

One important function of the Association is to For further details on any of the above, please (Windows had been bricked up during the represent the interests of industrial archaeology contact me, Amber Patrick, at building’s malting phase when light was not in the planning process. With the changes [email protected]. essential for malt production.). This restored the proposed in that process this function may be original look and enabled natural light to be even more important in the future. The help Some of this Year’s Endangered readily available. Two floors were to be retained needed is described below followed by an undivided - the ground and third floors. This example where the AIA has been able to have a Sites Casework enabled the more significant details such as positive influence. In 2010 there have been two major cases on transmission columns to be visible as well as which the Association has made comments. Both showing the extent of the original floor areas. The Amber Patrick were in respect of Grade 1 Listed textile mills, Malt Kiln was to be used for vertical movement, both iron framed. The first application was in the a good use of the space, the resultant loss of the At the AGM in Cornwall last September I took spring in respect of Stanley Mill, Stonehouse, two kiln drying floors being acceptable. The over the role of the Endangered Sites Officer from Gloucestershire. Professor Marilyn Palmer Association recommended that their original Mike Nevell but I can’t do it all on my own ! provided an excellent comment on behalf of the position needed to be emphasised in the external There are two parts to the role of the Association. The second application came walls because double floors were a particular Endangered Sites Officer. The first and largest part through in the late summer and was in respect of feature of a Stopes kiln. Other kiln features, is to liaise with the CBA (Council for British the Ditherington Flax Mill, Shrewsbury. Again including the Suxé furnaces, were to be retained Archaeology). The CBA is one of the Statutory the Association made comments. This second with the exception of the “hat” on the cowl Consultees. This means that they are notified by application was the first to be determined. The (Lantern), apparently because of air circulation. local authorities of works involving listed recommendation being to grant permission for The Association recommended that some sort of buildings and buildings in Conservation Areas in the proposed works. “hat” or its outline be retained because cowls England and Wales. The referrals may relate to were a standard part of malt kilns and a buildings of any age and type or function and Ditherington Flax Mill distinctive feature in the skyline of this complex. perhaps obviously, the majority are not industrial. The importance of this Grade I building lies in its The re-use of the Cross Mill did not present The categories which come under industrial are being the first iron framed textile mill in the problems. In the Warehouse it was proposed to industrial themselves, commercial/storage world, with cast iron columns supporting cast insert an atrium and the Association questioned (warehousing), transport and water. When the iron beams, completed in 1797 for Benyon the validity of this. However, as the intention was CBA is notified of an application for work Marshall and Bage. It has been stated that this to obtain as much light into the building, with affecting an industrial site, they in turn notify the makes it the ancestor of every iron or steel minimal additional fenestration in otherwise Association’s Endangered Sites Officer - me. I framed building since. The Ditherington Flax Mill blank walls, it was probably an acceptable then refer the case to a member who has site now includes not just the original fireproofed insertion. Besides the benefit of admitting light expertise in that industry or who covers that mill but additional mill buildings, apprentice the opening up allowed the junction of beams geographical area. If that person considers a house, stables, dye house, and stove house. There and columns to be seen and appreciated but at comment is appropriate, they will provide me are also the buildings associated with the site’s the expense of the removal of vaulted brickwork. with details so that I can draft comments for subsequent use as a maltings initially for William The reason for the insertion of narrow new submission by the Association’s Chairman or Vice Jones and subsequently for Allied Breweries, the windows was understood but gave that particular Chairman. (These days nearly all comments are lettering of which still survives on the front and elevation a rather unexpected appearance. made electronically.) A copy of our comments is back of the buildings. These buildings include a Comments were also made on the proposed new sent to the CBA. It has to be emphasised that the large maltkiln attached to the main mill building build and the Phase 2 proposals. Association is not commenting on behalf of the as well as concrete silos. It was pleasing to note that the Association’s CBA, nor instead of them, but in addition. The first phase of the application did not comments were noted and appeared in the report affect all the buildings on the site, just the Flax or for granting permission. It is to be hoped that At present not all industries are covered nor Main Mill, Cross Mill, Warehouse, Malt Kiln and work now starts soon on this important site as are all geographical areas of England and some associated buildings. The proposals were as the buildings have been unused since malting Wales. Do you have a good knowledge of a follows: the Flax Mill, also referred to as the Main ceased in 1987 and all previous plans have sadly particular industry or a particular geographical Mill, had its original fenestration restored. fallen by the wayside. area? If so would you be interested in providing information to enable the Association to comment on applications? Guidance on what you need to do will be provided. The Association will not require you to undertake a site visit, though you may wish to do so. The other part of the Endangered Sites Officer’s job is to deal with requests from members. Not all work affecting industrial sites will be referred to the Statutory Consultees but it may well come to light locally and then members may ask the Association for support against the proposals. If you or a local society are thinking of asking for support, all relevant details must be provided. Again, guidance can be provided on what details are needed. If the Association considers that it is appropriate to provide support against the proposal then it will be given. It must be emphasised that it cannot be guaranteed that a referral will be supported. Ditherington Mill as now seen from the road Photo: Amber Patrick

8—INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 From ‘Grain to Glass’ to ‘The Last Drop’ - Working with an Affiliated Society

Threat of closure of Young’s brewery led to the from a desire to know more about – and to update on brewery archives (Lesley Richmond development of a partnership between the AIA, sample! – their favourite beverage to a serious and Alison Turton’s survey was published as long English Heritage and the Brewery History Society academic interest in, say, changes through time in ago as 1990) and, importantly, a strategy for which could become a model of cooperation. the business organisation, production and dealing with this heritage as mergers and architecture of beer. BHS has a Journal and acquisitions, changes in tastes and consumption Mike Bone Newsletter, both appearing quarterly and now patterns as well as technological advances quite substantial publications. Unlike the AIA, further damage this diminishing resource. This Historically, the organisation of industrial there is no annual conference but a well-attended significant report will be launched at a special archaeology has been predominantly ‘bottom-up’ AGM, always hosted on the premises of a conference at Burton–upon–Trent in March (see with the AIA arriving as an ‘umbrella body’ only corporate member, includes a lecture and tour of Diary at the end of this issue for details) to mark in 1973, sometime after a vibrant network of the brewery, with the customary hospitality that the end of the project and to explore ways to local and county societies had emerged in the the industry is noted for. The AGM has recently implement the recommendations of the SHIER 1960s when there was much to see and many been supplemented by visits to nearby sites on report. Many AIA members have been involved in sites to save. The AIA has since done its best to the days before and after the meeting. Other this successful project and their input will be act as the principal forum for the subject and to visits are arranged each year. Sadly, these are especially welcome at this event, playfully titled speak up at national level on matters affecting often planned just prior to the frequent brewery ‘The Last Drop: England’s Surviving Brewery the industrial past and its heritage. We now have closures that have become such a feature of the Heritage’. a large individual membership but our 60 or so industry of late, but have also included trips to The ‘Breweries’ SHIER has developed and affiliated societies remain a crucial source of specialist libraries and guided walks to see long- refined the methodology of this important EH support and a critical resource for achieving the defunct sites. initiative which it is hoped might well be applied AIA’s aims. Working with the societies has been It was press speculation about a (then) to other industries that did not feature in the now a frequent topic of debate at recent Council possible closure of Young’s Brewery in terminated Monuments Protection Programme. meetings and the new editor of IA News made an Wandsworth – noted for its preserved steam The findings will also be of great value to appeal at our last annual conference for engines and historic brewing coppers and affiliated societies in the regions, all of which had members’ views on how we can develop this described as ‘a treasure-house of items to interest their historic breweries. The approach will also be relationship. This brief article focuses on one of the industrial archaeologist and historian’ by the of use as a guide for the identification and our affiliates and a successful example of late Aubrey Wilson – that led to a joint venture conservation of the industrial heritage in general. partnership working that may be one way with the AIA and English Heritage(EH). It started In particular, this exercise has demonstrated the forward. out with the Swindon conference ‘From Grain to opportunities for partnership working; accessing The Brewery History Society (BHS) was Glass’ in 2003 and then, eventually, the funds and getting project findings on the record formed a year ahead of the AIA and will celebrate successful completion of a report for EH as part of that are of wider significance at a time when its 40th anniversary in 2012. BHS has always their Strategy for the Historic Industrial ‘localism’, local lists (where these do not already sought to cater for the wide range of interests of Environment (SHIER) programme. Project exist) and the enhancement of the Historic a membership now approaching some 500 outcomes include a comprehensive study of Environment Records (HERs) are on current individuals and corporate members, which range historic working and defunct brewery sites, an heritage agendas.

AIA NEWS Your New Editor businesses. I have never quite railways though I once took a train East Midlands Industrial The new editor of Industrial believed in electricity (I do know from Samarkand to Shanghai. Buildings Day School Archaeology News can be seen here what an electric shock is) and I Over 61 editions Peter Stanier confess I am not too knowledgeable has developed the News into a very The latest in the series of CBA / AIA though I assure you that is not the day schools was held in Long Eaton, editorial pencil. about the technical details of professional publication and has given, and is giving, me a great deal Derbyshire on Thursday 11 Although I have been a member November 2010. The theme was the for over forty years, until recently, of help, I intend to continue the work he has done in consolidating hosiery mills and lace factories of except for a couple of early the East Midlands. The buildings of conferences at Ironbridge and the News as the principal means of communication within the these industries have been less well Norwich, other commitments have studied than the textile mills in the prevented me from taking much Association. I hope that good news will be north or south-west of England but part in the Association’s affairs. Now had their own characteristics and, with the termination of gainful reported as well as the bad and to see that Industrial Archaeology because they were so numerous, are employment and other now subject to many different kinds responsibilities I intend to do more. News continues to keep members informed of all that is going on. of adaptive re-use. The industry was Once upon a time I was a civil centred in the area of East engineer and then, during the 70s, I Please help by contributing any material that you would like others Derbyshire, South Nottinghamshire built canal boats before taking to and Leicestershire. farming and later becoming a to know about, both news of events to come and reports of those past, The well attended day school furniture maker. Structures, was opened with a presentation buildings, transport, shipping, as well as articles on matters that particularly interest you. It will all from Lynne Walker of the CBA on manufacturing and process Legislation and the Planning industries and crafts all interest me help to keep IA News a ‘good read’. Your new editor Chris Barney Process. This was followed by and particularly the rise and fall of Photo: Steve Dewhirst Marilyn Palmer speaking on the

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 —9 AIA NEWS buildings of the early hosiery industry. The hosiery industry was the last part of the textile industry to be factory based and the survival of much domestic working through the nineteenth and early twentieth century produced many distinctive building types in the East Midlands. Entrenched customs and practices lead to the survival of many domestic framework knitters workshops alongside the new powered factories. Practical power operated knitting machines began to be developed from the 1850s onwards Lace Mill Photo: Roy Murphy but initially uptake was slow. Mark Sissons spoke on the buildings of the later, powered, hosiery industry. Marilyn Palmer then spoke on types. Keith Readman then gave an March 2015. The NHPP is the new A characteristic building type the cotton mills and lace factories of introduction to the development of framework for bringing together emerged in the East Midlands in the the East Midlands and their re-use. lace factories in Long Eaton. This work by EH and other partners within late nineteenth and early twentieth The lace industry in South East was largely in the late nineteenth the sector to protect the historic century. From around 1910 onwards Derbyshire was largely based on and early twentieth century as the environment – the AIA is seen as one the industry moved into very speculative ‘room and power’ industry moved its production base of those partners. The Plan will allow standard industrial building types companies with many small trading out of the City of Nottingham, EH to direct its expertise and with few features to distinguish businesses in a single factory. These driven by cheaper land and labour. resources towards protection them from any other industry. Some were usually large multi storey In the afternoon Keith Readman activities carried out by themselves aspects of the earlier building types buildings until the early twentieth lead a walking tour to show the or towards supporting others to do are similar to the boot and shoe century after which single storey many different types of lace factories so in respect of what they value as industry. The late twentieth century north light factories became the in Long Eaton, particularly in the significant. This process began with collapse of the hosiery industry norm. The East Midlands was also area around the Erewash Canal. two meetings, the first lead by Simon following the abolition of most the world base for the development The day closed with a lively Thurley, with representatives of a import controls on clothing has lead of the early powered cotton question and answer session over a wide range of heritage organisations to a high rate of loss of this type of spinning industry before it largely cup of tea. and the AIA was represented at these factory and very few surviving migrated over the Pennines to North Mark Sissons meetings by the Chairman. Following examples have any statutory West England. Marilyn illustrated these meetings a draft Plan was protection. the surviving examples and building Falmouth Docks History circulated for consultation and the Published AIA responded with comments on the draft, stressing: the importance of Members who took part in the visit industrial heritage to the UK’s to Falmouth Docks at last heritage; the knowledge we already September’s conference may like to have of the significance of many know that the history of the docks, industrial landscapes, sites and promised then, has just been issued. buildings; and the importance of Sailing Ship to Superliner – 150 acting now on what we already Years of Service to the Shipping know to be significant and at risk. Industry, published by A & P One aspect of the Plan is that EH Falmouth and Missions to Seafarers want to work in partnership with is now on sale. As well as a history other heritage organisations and as of the docks the book contains stated above the AIA is one which pullout pages of coloured plans and has been identified as a partner. EH many photographs. have recently produced an interim The book costs £12.99 and is version of the Plan responding to the available from Falmouth Bookseller, issues raised in the earlier who will post copies for £15.49, and consultation, as well as taking into the National Maritime Museum, account EH’s new funding Falmouth. All proceeds will support arrangements from the Government. the work of Missions to Seafarers in This Interim Version is now being Falmouth. considered by AIA’s Council and we Graham Thorne will be responding. If any members would like to read this version of the National Heritage Plan it can be found on the English Protection Plan Heritage website at www.english- Last year English Heritage (EH) heritage.org.uk/professional/protecti began the process of producing a on/national-heritage-protection- Long Eaton Mill Chimney spared from demolition – reused as aerial National Heritage Protection Plan plan. Photo: Roy Murphy (NHPP) for the period April 2011 – Tony Crosby

10 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 NEWS Honours programme presented annually at Railways, the agreement of owners era. Requests for funding for the Two well deserved honours were its General Meeting by the AIA. is now an issue. The case of the excavation of industrial remains by reported at New Year Not least amongst these Antonine Wall was noted. This archaeologists might conflict with multifarious activities has been achieved World Heritage status as requests for finance urgently Sonia’s commitment to the part of a greater trans-national required for the maintenance of Mrs Sonia Rolt, O.B.E. preservation of the property at whole which stretches along the standing buildings. It is a great pleasure to be able to Stanley Pontlarge, near Winchcombe northern boundary of the Roman Robert Carr congratulate Sonia Rolt on the in Gloucestershire, a yeoman’s Empire from the North Sea as far as award of the OBE in the New Year’s cottage into which she and Tom Turkey. This may be followed by Emiac 80 – Lincolnshire Honours List. I first met Sonia moved at the start of their marriage, other serial sites representing the Food & Farming in the almost fifty years ago as the wife of and where they raised their family. same Outstanding Universal Value. L.T.C. Rolt, whom I had recruited to The recognition of a grateful nation There appears to be at times some Fens join the Advisory Council of the for this lifetime of devotion to so English reserve in pressing for more The Society for Lincolnshire History Centre for the History of Technology. many aspects of the heritage of the sites while many countries are most & Archaeology’s Heritage Day was I had established this small research country is thoroughly deserved, and eager for additions to theirs, held at the University of Lincoln’s unit in the spring of 1964 at the its significance will be greatly including Italy. An industrial Holbeach Campus on Saturday 16 Bristol College of Science and appreciated by members of the example about 20 miles from the October 2010. Technology, shortly to become the Association for Industrial centre of Milan is the late 19th and It was a well organised event at University of Bath. Tom Rolt, Archaeology. early 20th century cotton mill town the purpose built National Centre historian of canals and railways and Angus Buchanan. Crespi d’Adda; it has hardly changed for Food Manufacturing, ideal for a distinguished biographer of the since 1927. Currently the total of the introduction of “A Taste of great engineers, died prematurely in Helen Ashby, O.B.E. World Heritage Sites is 911. Downe Lincolnshire Food & Farming in the 1974, and ever since then Sonia has The National Railway Museum’s House in Kent is not to be proceeded Fens” which was the basis of this worked tirelessly to keep his (NRM) Head of Knowledge and with as Charles Darwin already has Heritage Day. Seventy people memory fresh and his books in print. Collections, Helen Ashby, has been the Galapagos Islands and a famous attended, the speakers were good, Only last year we celebrated the awarded an OBE for her services to individual is only allowed one site. the venue excellent and the food centenary of his birth, and even heritage and her work with the The TICCIH on-line Inventory of very acceptable. though now turned ninety Sonia Museum. World Industrial Heritage has not The day was introduced by Alan made herself available for an Helen has been at the Museum yet been considered at a TICCIH Stennet, broadcaster and writer exhausting series of events all over since 1982 when she joined for six Board meeting. The situation will specialising in agriculture. Born on a the country. These included months as a temporary filing clerk. continue to be monitored and farm in the county, he has presented meetings of the Inland Waterways Twenty eight years on she now further sites considered for addition. BBC Radio’s “Lincolnshire Farming” Association, the Talylyn Railway heads up the team which cares for The GB web page at since the station was founded in Society, the unveiling of a plaque on the National Collection which www.mnactec.cat/ticcih/countries.p 1980. He was therefore in a fine Tom’s birthplace in Chester, and a includes more than 100 locomotives hp has been updated but some of position to give a superb opening Symposium of contributions praising and nearly 200 other items of rolling the links need to be corrected again talk about the changing scene in his work for heritage conservation stock. and defunct ones removed. agriculture as witnessed by his arranged by the Association for Steve Davies, Director of the Currently there are no resources grandfather and his father and Industrial Archaeology at its Annual NRM, said: “I am sure that I speak available for a dedicated TICCIHGB backed up by his own considerable Conference in Falmouth. on behalf of the entire NRM staff, stand-alone website. TICCIH Bulletin experience. But the honour now bestowed and the railway heritage and is now available by e-mail and it is Stuart Gibbard an author and upon Sonia is not only in recognition preservation movement, in intended to phase out the posting of journalist specialising in tractors of her devotion to the memory of congratulating Helen Ashby on the paper copies to members and farm machinery, editor of her husband. It is more than award of an OBE in the New Year’s worldwide. It is hoped that some Vintage Tractor & Countryside justified by her own labours directly Honours List. Helen has played a copies will still be printed for secure Heritage Magazine, was equally for canal preservation (she worked pivotal role in developing the NRM archiving. impressive with his knowledge of on the canals during the Second during her 28 years at York, and her Risks to the Cornwall and West farm machinery and how it had World War, and is now a Vice significant achievements have been Devon Mining Landscape World developed with equipment now President of the IWA); for the appropriately and popularly Heritage Site were reported. New costing 100 times the 1920 prices. conservation of historic buildings recognised. developments at Hayle harbour now This was backed up by a fine display (she is a long-standing member and have to be constructed two metres of vintage machinery specially officer of the Society for the higher to allow for the anticipated assembled for the Heritage Day. Preservation of Ancient Buildings); British TICCIH Meeting rise in sea level. Robinson’s Shaft In our last talk of the morning for advice on the presentation and This took place in August 2010 in listed grade 2* is receiving £22.3M we heard of the trials, tribulations furnishing of National Trust and Tampere, Finland. UK World Heritage from the Big Lottery Fund. A £35 and successes of today’s farmers, Landmark Trust properties; for Sites were discussed, the million project here is transforming some of whom manage 100 times support of the Cheltenham Arts Department for Culture Media and a derelict 19-acre former mining site the area of their grandparents’ Festival and similar cultural Sport consultation having produced into a self-sustaining community farms. Gary Naylor, director of Worth endeavours; for the maintenance of proposals for 38 new British sites for asset. Concern was expressed that Farms (which owns 4,500 acres and neglected churches; and for many a tentative list (about ten items of this might diminish the industrial rents a similar area) has over 700 other related activities such as the which have an industrial element), archaeological quality. acres dedicated to the mechanised Rolt Fellowship Fund established at this number is to be reduced by a There was a brief update growing of potatoes. The farm also the University of Bath, which has review committee.. In the case of regarding STIR: Saving The Industrial has the ability to store them in cool enabled fourteen mature engineers railway sites, for example the Forth Revolution. English Heritage’s conditions allowing for sales and professional people to Bridge, Great Western Railway, Industrial Heritage Strategy takes throughout the year. undertake research in the history of Liverpool and Manchester, Stockton the origins of the industrial After lunch we were taken on a technology; and for the Rolt Lecture and Darlington, and Tanfield revolution back to the Anglo-Saxon tour of the campus facilities by Mike

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 —11 NEWS

Marel Bacon line. Marel of Colchester are a global provider of advanced Equipment Systems & Services to the fish meat & poultry industry

A & B. Slicer & check weigher – Side of bacon is placed on the conveyor, the leading edge is laser scanned, the white meat & the dark meat, (Fat & lean) ratio calculated, and hence the weight per slice, so that the thickness of the slice can be varied, to give accurate control of the number of slices for the pack weight specified. Speeds of up to 1000 slices per minute can be achieved! C. Robot handler picks set number of slices and places in trays or thermoformers. D. Thermoformer wraps package. E. Multi lane conveyor places products in single file for labelling. F. On to Check weigher, labeller & stacker.

Dudbridge, Principal Lecturer, who analytical laboratory, complete with EMIAC number 61 in May 2001 we Castle was still coal-fired and by specialises in Lean Manufacturing gas chromatography equipment, had a smart lunch on board, the main then was the only vessel of her kind Techniques & Automation. test kitchens, technical training course of fish and chips was in the country. Nearly 200 feet long The National Centre for Food centre and other processing memorable: see IA News 119 page and 598 tons gross she was larger Manufacture is unique in that it was laboratories . 11 & 12. than the Medway Queen which was set up with equipment provided by The day finished with a superb In May 2010 The Lincoln Castle converted to burn oil in 1938. the suppliers whose business the DVD, lasting 55 minutes, of the main Preservation Society was set up with Lincoln Castle had her boiler campus supports. For example, the events on a local farm over a whole the intention of buying and forward, ahead of the engines which Centre has recently been running a year in the 1950s, illustrating the restoring the ship: if possible they meant that her funnel was in front range of food packaging related relentless back breaking work of aimed to return her to passenger of the paddle wheels. Lincoln trials and main line equipment has just fifty years ago. carrying service. It is unclear quite Castle’s two quasi-sister ships both been donated by the manufacturers “Farming in the Fens in the what went wrong but a certain fact built in West Hartlepool in 1934 for demonstration and training of 50s” by Alan Stennett, is for sale at is that PS Lincoln Castle and her were less conventional in operatives and technicians, allowing £15.99 from almost irreplaceable engines are no appearance with funnels further aft, for the teaching and demonstration www.primetime.video.co.uk longer in existence. The ship was behind the paddles. Tattershall of hygiene protocols etc. It allows David Lyne built in 1940 for the Hull to New Castle was withdrawn from service local part time release students Holland ferry across the Humber and in 1972 and towed to the Thames, access to the most up to date started work on this service in becoming London’s first floating Art equipment and also allows the Lincoln Castle scrapped August 1941. Similar but not exactly Gallery and Conference Centre in machinery manufacturers to Horrid news is the recent complete the same as two sister ships February 1975. Since 1982 she has develop their machinery and scrapping of the paddle steamer Tattershall Castle and Wingfield been a bar and restaurant and in demonstrate it to potential Lincoln Castle in Alexandra Dock, Castle, she was withdrawn from 2003-4 received major purchasers. Grimsby: IA News 155 page 14. This service in February 1978. Lincoln refurbishment and modification at An example of the equipment started in late September and was which we were shown was the completed by early October 2010. Marel Bacon Line by Marel of Not only has the hull gone - as we Colchester who are global providers have seen in the case of P S Medway of advanced equipment systems and Queen IA News 153 page 14, it’s services to the fish, meat and possible to make a new hull - but the poultry industry. First a side of fine diagonal triple-expansion steam bacon is placed on the conveyor, the engines by the Ailsa Shipbuilding Co leading face is laser scanned, the of Troon, Ayrshire, have also been ratio of dark and light meat (lean destroyed: a tragic loss. The engines and fat) determined and hence the had been maintained and parts weight per slice, so that the coated in grease: it is reported they thickness of the slice can be were in an almost ready to run adjusted to give accurate control of condition. Preserved at the Fishing the number of slices for the pack Heritage Centre, Alexandra Dock, PS weight specified. Speeds of up to Lincoln Castle was on public display 1000 slices per minute can be there from 1989 to the end of the achieved! 2006 season, when we thought the Not only is the Centre a high ship would receive well-needed quality teaching and conference refurbishment. Many readers will site, it also has a microbiology and remember her - for ‘Fish and Ships’ Remains of Lincoln Castle being broken up at Grimsby Photo: Chris Lester

12 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 NEWS George Prior’s yard, Great The Quangos Yarmouth. This cost more than four Below are outcomes of the DOROTHEA million pounds and by now the government review. Many of these vessel is in far from original organisations are being abolished in condition. PS Wingfield Castle is their current form, but will continue RESTORATIONS now back in her birthplace, as voluntary bodies. Listed below Hartlepool, as a museum ship. Since are those quangos (officially NDPBs LTD her arrival there the entrance lock to or non departmental public bodies) the marina has been narrowed so which relate to the role and Incorporating Ernest Hole (Engineers) of Sussex that she is unable to leave. interests of the Association. The Paddle steamers abroad, on name of the quango is first, CONTRACTORS AND CONSULTANTS IN THE freshwater lakes, are faring better. followed by the proposed reform. CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC METALWORK, On Lake Neuchatel Switzerland the Advisory Committee on Historic paddle steamer Trivapor of 1912 Wreck Sites No Longer an NDPB – MACHINERY AND WIND/WATER MILLS was withdrawn in 1969 and was Abolish body and transfer functions Recent contracts include designs for an atmospheric then used as a floating restaurant. in relation to England to English This craft is now being restored for Heritage, as previously announced. railway, and a replica steam locomotive, restoration of service and re-engined. The Advisory Committee on 18C lead sculptures, repair and gilding of the Albert preservation group Trivapor has National Historic Ships No Longer Memorial bronze decoration, conservation work on bought a steam engine which an NDPB – Declassify and transfer Turbinia, Lion, Sans Pareil and Locomotion, and even although preserved had been functions, as previously announced. the restoration of an hydraulic catafalque! passed round from museum to English Heritage Retain – on museum. The engine, a diagonal- grounds of performing a technical Over 100 man years experience compound built by J A Maffei of function which should remain Munich in 1926, came from the independent from Government. paddle steamer Ludwig Fessler on Museums, Libraries and Northern Works: New Road, Whaley Bridge, via Stockport, Lake Chiemsee Bavaria. The vessel Archives Council No longer an Cheshire SK23 7JG. Contact: Dave Hodgson was modernised in 1972-3 and NDPB – Abolish body and transfer Tel: (01663) 733544 Fax: (01663) 734521 fitted with diesel-hydraulic functions, as previously announced. machinery. The German steam National Heritage Memorial Southern Works: Unit 1B, Barton Hill Trading Estate, engine from the Ludwig Fessler Fund/Heritage Lottery Fund Retain Barton Hill, Bristol BS5 9RD. Contact: Geoff Wallis which has Stephenson valve gear – on grounds of performing a Tel: (0117) 9715337 Fax: (0117) 9771677 has been completely refurbished for technical function which should reuse and the Trivapor should soon remain independent from be steaming on the lake again, Government. celebrity host was the television work at Fin Cop Hillfort in the Peak carrying passengers. British Waterways No longer a presenter Michael Wood. In the flesh District National Park overlooking The PS Montreux of 1904 on Public Corporation – Abolish as a Michael behaves very much as on Monsal Dale which received the Lake Geneva was withdrawn after public corporation in England and television: he is a natural and is not award for Best Community the 1958 season. Her compound- Wales and create a new waterways putting on an act when making a Archaeology Project; and the diagonal steam engines were charity, similar to a National Trust programme. exhibition Lindow Man: a Bog Body replaced by 8 cylinder Sulzer diesels for the waterways. There were six awards: the Mystery which was judged to be with electric drive and she returned Inland Waterways Advisory award for the Best Archaeological Best Archaeological Innovation. The to service in 1961. In October 1998 Council No longer an NDPB – Book went to Vincent Gaffney, exhibition was held for a year from however, Montreux was withdrawn Abolish body and functions, as Simon Fitch and David Smith for April 2008 at the Manchester for complete refurbishment and previously announced. Europe’s Lost World: The Museum, University of Manchester. converted back to steam power, Railway Heritage Committee Rediscovery of Doggerland, see IA The Association for Industrial returning to service in 2001. She No longer an NDPB – Abolish body News 140 page 3. The Best Archaeology is included in the list of received an entirely new set of twin- and functions. No equivalent Representation of Archaeology in advisors for the British cylinder diagonal engines when she protection applies to the heritage the Media was considered to be the Archaeological Awards. Funding is was converted back from diesel to items of any other transport sector. Thames Discovery Programme web now so well in hand that from now steam. (See article page 12 IA News site which enables users to explore on the Awards will be held every The Lincoln Castle Preservation 155 ) the archaeology and history of the year; the next will be this year 2011 Society have collected together [I am sure we haven’t heard the Thames foreshore. The award for the so get your entries ready now. surviving fragments of the ship and last of this. Ed ] Best Archaeological Discovery went Robert Carr have publicly declared their to The Staffordshire Hoard: the intention to build a new paddle largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold steamer using the original plans British Archaeology ever found. Dark Satanic Mills suitably modified to comply with Awards The remaining three awards In this year’s Current Archaeology present-day design requirements. The Awards Ceremony at the British were for the Best Archaeological Awards the five nominations for the The ultimate objective is to have a Museum on Monday 19 July 2010 Project which went to the Tarbat best Research Project Article to new ship offering excursion cruises was a well organised event and one Discovery Programme in which the appear in the magazine during 2010 on the Humber estuary. It is of the most enjoyable for several church of St Colman at include a piece on ten years of estimated the cost will be about years. We were privileged to have Portmahomack, Moray Firth, is research on the industrial four million pounds. A suitable the presence of John Penrose MP, being restored and the Pictish, archaeology of Manchester. Entitled engine needs to be found. Minister for Tourism & Heritage, for Norse and Medieval remains of the ‘Dark Satanic Mills: The archaeology Robert Carr most of the afternoon and our surrounding site investigated; the of the world’s first industrial city’

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 —13 NEWS the article appeared in issue 242 of Historic Monument Status from Ropergate Pontefract he had built up Reigate Heath Windmill Current Archaeology and is based English Heritage was built to receive an enormous practice by the early Reigate Heath windmill which dates on council member and co-editor of clay, bones, limestone and other raw 1960s with branches in London, back to 1756 is thought to be the Industrial Archaeology Review Mike material by canal and would grind Middlesbrough, Newcastle-upon- only one in the country which is a Nevell’s book ‘Manchester: The this to produce slip clay for the Tyne, Edinburgh, Beirut and Lagos. consecrated church. In 1880 the Hidden History’. The article looks at production of pottery. Corruption aside - what of the roundhouse was converted into a the archaeology of arguably the Tony Green M.B.E. who has buildings: he did a great deal in Chapel of Ease to St Mary’s. world’s first industrial city through been involved in the restoration, conjunction with British Railways Services are still held in the tiny its textile mills, transport system, maintenance and running of the and the National Coal Board as well church during the summer. warehouses and the city’s living museum from the start, some 32 as schools, hospitals and housing for Reigate and Banstead Borough conditions. By 1850, Manchester years ago, all as a volunteer for local authorities, especially in Council, which owns the mill, has had a population of 300,000 and which he received the M.B.E. in Yorkshire. There was a campaign to been undertaking a range of was synonymous with both 2009 has instigated an e-petition. list his Leeds International Pool but restoration works including a new explosive economic growth, and the “We are emailing you about the this was lost and the baths have 30 foot tail post and the whole squalid worker’s conditions that council’s proposals for cut backs been demolished. structure has been given two coats came with it. A decade of which include the closure of Etruria At Aviemore in Scotland the ski of tar to weatherproof it. archaeological work has charted the Industrial Museum. The council has resort is very much a Poulson The mill has not worked by wind growth of this great city. been very supportive in the past and development. The United Nations since 1862. this proposal comes as a shock to us. headquarters building in New York Three Mills grant We form part of the vital link in by Oscar Niemayer was a building the history of the Potteries as the Poulson admired but Coal House in Rhubarb awarded only Steam Powered Potters Mill left Doncaster for the NCB, now the As reported in the ‘Guardian’ (26 The House Mill has been given the in working order anywhere in the Council House, was perhaps the Feb 2010) Yorkshire forced rhubarb, green light by the Heritage Lottery world, showing the history of the closest his firm got and this is due to produced indoors in the ‘rhubarb Fund for a £2.65 million grant. The preparation of the raw materials for be remodelled shortly. In London his triangle’ between Wakefield, Leeds first stage, a development grant of the Pottery Industry and as such office block at Cannon Street station and Bradford, has been given EU £248,000 has been awarded to help have been granted Historic has recently been demolished and protected status. The rhubarb is the River Lea Tidal Mill Trust progress Monument Status by English Elizabeth House near the Royal initially grown in the open but is their plans to restore the mill and the Heritage. We also fulfil an important Festival Hall may go quite soon. taken into heated, darkened brick neighbouring Miller’s House. role in education and the local Although relatively unqualified sheds to produce its pink colour and The House Mill is a grade 1 community. himself he did employ good sweet flavour. It has been grown listed 18th century tidal mill set in a I would like you to put pressure architects to do the work for him and here since the 1870s, favoured by a beautiful riverside location in the on those involved in making the certainly some of the firm’s 1950s cold and moist topsoil, local coal, heart of London’s East End. This decision to close this very important buildings are nice examples of their and (at least in the past) a supply of remarkable building is believed to historic site for the Potteries to find period. How will posterity regard wool waste from the mills as be the largest tidal mill still in alternative cost savings and retain John Poulson? He certainly left his fertiliser. Traditionally the rhubarb existence in the world. Originally this museum under the jurisdiction mark on Britain. In recent years the was harvested by candlelight, which built in 1776 on an existing pre- of the local council by signing our e- disgraced railway promoter George was thought to be kinder to the Domesday site, it is a timber framed petition at eim.epetitions.net” Hudson of York has in some senses plants than electric light. There were building clad in brick on three sides. been rehabilitated. Might John once 200 growers, but there are In addition to flour making, the mill Poulson, in the fullness of time, join now only twelve, who welcome the served the famous distillery next City of Adelaide that club? decision as it will secure the future door on Three Mills Island. Built The ‘Clipper Ship City of Adelaide Robert Carr of the trade. Rhubarb is now grown across the River Lea, the Mill Group’ has been granted planning in large industrial buildings - is it trapped the sea and river water at permission to remove the vessel time to record a traditional rhubarb high tide to turn the water wheels from the Scottish Maritime forcing shed? on the ebb. The out flowing water Museum, Irvine and plan to Derek Bayliss turned four large wheels driving transport the vessel to Australia for twelve pairs of millstones. These preservation. The museum which four wheels and six of the pairs of could no longer afford to look after millstones survive together with the ship had obtained permission to other historic machinery. The Mill ‘deconstruct’ her. ceased milling in 1941 after the area Built in Sunderland in 1864, of was bombed during the Second composite construction, the City of World War. Adelaide was designed for the passenger trade and worked between Etruria under threat Europe and Australia for more than Etruria Industrial Museum is the last twenty years. It has been estimated steam powered potters’ mill in that a quarter of a million South Britain. The mill is in steam seven Australians may be able to trace an times a year when the 1903 boiler is ancestor who sailed on the ship. fired and historic machinery can be seen working. Located in the heart John Poulson Centenary of Stoke-on-Trent the museum is at Last year 2010 was the centenary of risk of closure having been included the birth of John Poulson the in the local council’s proposals for architect from Pontefract. Starting in cut backs. The mill which has 1932 from a small office in City of Adelaide at the Scottish Maritime Museum, Irvine

14 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 REGIONAL NEWS Yorkshire and hidden by other buildings but was discovered by archaeologists at a spinning, weaving, clogmaking and ‘rediscovered’ in the 1980s and is site linked to a known fort at other local trades, by displays and Humberside listed Grade II*. Its frontage has Healam Bridge near Dishforth. It working demonstrations. A fourth We are already seeing the adverse been taken down for eventual included a water powered flour mill cottage and a butcher’s and chip effects, first of the recession, and restoration, and adjoining buildings and storage buildings, and is shop of 1904 were bought in 2008 then of spending cuts, on historic have been demolished. There are thought to have been occupied until and are to be restored as part of the industrial sites and buildings. plans to redevelop the former the 4thC AD. Museum in a project which will cost Planned developments are being Buslingthorpe Tannery (mid to late From the ancient to the modern, up to £900,000. The Heritage Lottery postponed or quietly dropped. This nineteenth century) in Education a 25 tonne steam turbine made by Fund has given a Your Heritage may give some buildings a further Road, Sheepscar, for housing, with Parsons in 1967 for Drax power grant of £50,000 for the first stage, lease of life, but others which were an additional floor, a new extension station has been donated to the mainly weatherproofing. to be refurbished as part of a project and blocks on the site of adjoining Discovery Museum in Newcastle, The sixteenth century Old Corn – like the Grade II* late nineteenth buildings, to give 349 homes. Leeds and is being stored at Beamish. Mill at Bullhouse near Penistone, the century workshops of Leah’s Yard in was second only to London as a When made it was the most highest mill on the Don, is being the planned Sevenstones retail centre of the tanning industry and powerful high-speed turbine in the renovated and extended as a green development in central Sheffield – this is one of the few tanneries there country. It has been taken out of business centre. The wheel has long will continue to decay. More to survive in anything like their service as part of a £100m steam gone and is not being replaced, but buildings will become empty, and it original state. turbine modernisation project. The there are plans for two water will be harder to find a new use for At Ilkley the Victorian brewery Pocklington Canal in East Yorkshire turbines and heating from a them. And our public sector partners building is now owned by Tesco, but is gradually being repaired and is geothermal water source. Down the in industrial archaeology and a new Ilkley Brewery wishes to navigable for half its 9½ mile Don, Wortley Top and Low Forges conservation (planning staff, move in. English Heritage has made length. It is a remainder waterway were built in the mid seventeenth conservation officers, a £50,000 grant to protect the and British Waterways has no century but there is documentary archaeologists, museum staff, and important lead mining remains on statutory obligation to maintain it. It evidence of earlier ironmaking in academics) will be fewer and busier. Grassington Moor after surveys includes nine locks (eight listed), the area, and it has long been Challenging times, but success showed growing damage from four scheduled road bridges and a suspected that this was at one or stories among the gloom are all the weather and water erosion. The Site of Special Scientific Interest. The both of the Forge sites. A small more welcome. Yorkshire Dales National Park restoration is supported by the excavation at Low Forge has Congratulations to the Authority is carrying out a study Pocklington Canal Society. revealed bloomery cinder, the first Industrial History Section of the about dovecotes in the National The National Coal Mining archaeological evidence of the sites’ Yorkshire Archaeology Society, Park and is appealing for Museum at Caphouse Colliery near earlier history. A new visitor centre based in Leeds, which celebrated its information; there is an article about Wakefield is relieved to have and shop has opened at Elsecar 40th anniversary in May. It them on the park website at received a budget cut of 15%, less Heritage Centre, and Building 21, developed from an earlier group set www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/dovecot than the 25% faced by many the former Iron Works rolling mill, is up in 1964, and offers a programme es. The community hydro-electric museums, in recognition of the high being refurbished as a concert and of talks and walks, a newsletter and scheme on the Ribble at Settle, costs of keeping the mine open for events venue. A Friends organisation occasional publications. The first using an Archimedean screw, began underground visits. The former ticket has been set up. A £400,000 grant edition of the ‘Pevsner’ for the West generating in January 2010. office at Sowerby Bridge station, has been secured for work on the Riding appeared in 1959, with a Northern Millwrights have restored built in 1876 by the Lancashire and 1795 Newcomen engine, the only second edition in 1967, and has the breast shot waterwheel, dating Yorkshire Railway, has been restored one to survive in its original engine been invaluable. Like others in the from 1874, and the mill machinery and opened as the Jubilee house. The intention is that it should series it is being revised and at Darley Mill Centre near Refreshment Rooms, while an be put into running order but not expanded, with much more Harrogate. Low Mill at Bilsdale on ornate First Class refreshment room steamed. This is partly for coverage of industrial and the North York Moors, a medieval at Sheffield station, built by the conservation reasons – the boiler commercial buildings. The first of site, has been out of action since the Midland Railway in 1905, has and boiler house have gone – but two volumes appeared in 2009, and main shaft broke in the 1980s, and reopened as a real ale bar; an mainly because it would not be covers Leeds, Bradford and the is being restored to working order encouraging trend. North light possible to have public access in the North. with a new shaft made by a sawmill weaving sheds are difficult to adapt engine house while it worked. The In Leeds the listed Hunslet Mills, in Ampleforth. There are plans for a to new uses, but the shed at Oat grant also provides for disused since 1966, still stand small watermill at Collingham near Royd Mill, Luddenden, in the Calder interpretation and publicity. empty. They are a fireproof flax Wetherby, latterly a garden centre, Valley, has been successfully Keith Ayling, who was chairman spinning works of 1838-40, to be saved and reused for housing. converted to dwellings. of the Chesterfield Canal Trust for 18 probably designed by William The Yorkshire Film Archive At Longfield Dye Works, years to 2009, died in March. He Fairbairn. The office building of based at York St John University Linthwaite, Huddersfield, where was active in setting up the Union Industries, Whitehouse Street aims to find, preserve and provide there are still sunken dye vats in the Chesterfield Canal Partnership, incorporates a former chapel and access to moving images of 100 floor, an earlier three storey building which brings together the bodies Sunday school and the Lion brush years of life in Yorkshire. It has many with continuous windows on the and groups concerned in its works. Union Industries make ropes, films of industry and work, such as top floor, probably built in the restoration. During his time in office flags and banners, and incorporate CEAG Lamps in Barnsley, Wormald eighteenth century as a weaver’s eleven miles of canal and 35 locks Ralph Ellerker Ltd., founded in 1795 and Walkers blanket mills in cottage, has been converted to a were restored. A detailed as tarpaulin makers and rope and Dewsbury, and cutlery making in works canteen but is now in poor consultation document on the twine merchants. The first White Sheffield. The archive can be found condition. Similar windows are a restoration of the Canal between Cloth Hall in Kirkgate was built in at www.yfaonline.com. Holgate feature of the Colne Valley Museum Kiveton Park (Rotherham MB) and 1711 but replaced by a second Hall windmill, York, has been given at Golcar near Huddersfield, in three Killamarsh (Derbyshire), including in 1755 and a third (now restored) funding to reopen by the National handloom weavers’ cottages of the the largely surface route proposed in 1775 as trade increased. What Lottery People’s Millions. A Roman 1840s. It is run entirely by as a replacement for Norwood was left of the 1711 Hall was later ‘industrial estate’ has been volunteers and commemorates Tunnel, was approved and issued in

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 —15 REGIONAL NEWS the spring. The Norwood flight of £200,000 has been given by local the Porter Brook south-west of the rabbit industry employed 8000. thirteen locks will be restored to its businessman Andrew Dunigan. It city centre, the dam has been Of some concern is the sale by original condition. In central will be used for warehousing or refilled and building work is in hand. Suffolk County Council of Rotherham, a small but attractive offices. The Sheffield steel firm Edgar Repairs to the machinery, and a new Thorpeness Mill. Very much one of a grain warehouse by the South Allen was the last in Sheffield to education shelter and toilet block, kind, this post mill was moved from Yorkshire Navigation has been make railway points and crossings are due to be finished by June. nearby Aldringham and converted to demolished as part of works to from manganese steel alloys, and Derek Bayliss and David Cant provide a more picturesque method improve the area round the railway this part of its business, in Shepcote of pumping drinking water for the station. Lane, was taken over by Balfour holiday village into the adjacent The Sheffield ‘Star’ has led a Beatty in 2006, but they have now East Anglia water tower. The mill needs some successful campaign to highlight the discontinued it. The front block Very little seems to have happened attention at the moment, and the essential work done by the women (c1900) of the William Cooke iron in the past twelve months, probably attraction to cash strapped local who replaced men in the steel and and steel works in Tinsley Road, for the same reason as there was authorities of disposing of heritage engineering industries during World latterly part of the works of Tinsley little to report for 2009: a general sites which fail to cover the costs of War 2, and to record the memories Wire, has been demolished for lack of economic activity and maintenance, and at the same time of those who are still with us. They redevelopment, as (after recording) particularly of redevelopment in the raising some capital, is all too were given a reception in the Town has the 1943 Osborn Mushet tool private sector, and lack of funds obvious, but the long term effect on Hall, a book was produced, and a works, known as the ‘White with the promise of even greater both preservation and access could statue is proposed. At the time they Building’, a landmark on Penistone cuts in the future in the public be disastrous. The news is not good were given little recognition, and Road (A61 North). It had Art Deco sector. In a year or two the Heritage from a number of other mills: the most lost their jobs when the men details and there was some pressure Lottery Fund is due to be boosted unique drainage mill at Herringfleet returned. to keep it, but it was built quickly for with the run down of the demands was damaged by lightning in the There has been much war production and was in a poor on the Lottery by the Olympic summer of 2009, fortunately not controversy over the cancellation of structural state. Games. Apparently economic seriously, but there are a number of the £80m loan offered by the Last year’s report mentioned depression actually encourages other developing problems. Holton previous government to Sheffield concern about the future of the more gambling. This might mill roundhouse needs refelting, the Forgemasters to build a 15,000 Grade II* listed Portland Works, encourage more activity especially winding gear at Thelnetham failed tonne hydraulic forging press, which Randall Street, Sheffield. It was built in the museum and preservation and urgent replacements were they need to compete with Japan c1879 for the cutlery firm of R F world, but the prospects for the needed, and a leak in the millpond and South Korea for work in the Moseley, who were the first to relatively few surviving major at Pakenham has led to damp in the nuclear industry. They continue to produce stainless steel cutlery industries in the area do not look wall of the mill on the flour floor. produce huge forgings and castings commercially. Applications to particularly bright, with the Generally the problems of mill with their present plant, and one convert it to small apartments have exception perhaps of building and maintenance are catching up with project this year, modest by their so far been rejected, and now the servicing the growing number of the increasingly elderly volunteers standards, was a 16 tonne replica of tenants and a campaign group are offshore wind farms, benefiting both at the same time as local authority the anchor of the ‘Titanic’, for taking steps to acquire the building Lowestoft and Yarmouth. funds are likely to be withdrawn. display at the Black Country through a community share issue for EERIAC 2010 was centred on However, all is not doom and gloom. Museum and then at Netherton, a social enterprise. An open day was the Long Shop Museum in Leiston, The trustees of the Thurlow estate Dudley, where the original was held in December. The current and talks on the Garrett family and have obtained planning permission made. Their River Don works was tenants include knife makers, tool the Smythes of Peasenhall were for new cladding and repairs to the built for Vickers from 1864, and one forgers and silver platers, and there followed by a field visit to the framing and boarding of Great aspect of its history has been are now very few suitable premises twentieth century holiday village at Thurlow Mill. Even better, Great recorded by Douglas Oldham in ‘A for small firms in these traditional Thorpeness, led by Bob Malster. Bardwell Mill after being seriously History of Rolled Heavy Armour Sheffield trades. Since one of the areas of economic damaged by the hurricane of 1987, Plate Manufacture at the Sheffield The Hawley Tool Collection has activity that has been somewhat finally received new sails in 2010 works of Charles Cammell and moved to a new gallery at Kelham neglected in the past by industrial which first turned on Friday 13 Vickers’ (South Yorkshire Industrial Island Museum, created with a archaeologists is the holiday August (some people ask for History Society 2010). £595,000 grant from the Heritage industry, very important in Norfolk trouble!). It was a tribute to the Sheffield’s steel industry was Lottery Fund, which was opened on and Suffolk and to a lesser degree in devoted efforts of the owners, built on the cementation and 16 March by Sir Neil Cossons. Essex, this look at a very distinctive villagers and Suffolk Mills Trust over crucible steelmaking processes, Appropriately, the gallery was part if rather upper middle class resort more than twenty years that a which produced small amounts of of the late 19thC Wheatman & held plenty of interest. Another little return to good working order was at expensive, high quality steel for Smith saw works. The Collection recognised industry was in the last achieved. edge tools, cutlery and engineering, contains over 100,000 objects Breckland. The Breckland Society A loss is one of Ipswich’s oldest and continued to do so long after including tools of many trades, received a well deserved award businesses, Bardwell & Jones, wine Bessemer and Siemens invented catalogues, photographs, films, and from the CPRE for their research into merchants. Originally part of the ways of making cheaper bulk steel. oral histories. The Museum also has the warrens of Breckland, where Cobbold brewing empire – wines The crucible process was a Sheffield a new gallery on Sheffield brewing, rabbit raising supported two were imported from the mid invention, by Benjamin Huntsman and work is nearly complete on its factories processing rabbit pelts in eighteenth century onward – it has around 1742. The last surviving flood defences after the 2007 flood. Brandon. S & P Lingwood only now become part of Coe Vintners of large crucible steel melting shop The Sheffield Industrial Museums closed in 1973, so it was possible to Ilford, and the Ipswich operation was built by Sandersons in 1871 at Trust is preparing a Lottery bid for interview workers from both closed. Of greater concern is the their Darnall works. It is a scheduled Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet, to get factories and warrens. The work was continuing uncertainty about the ancient monument but has long the waterwheels back to work and assisted by a grant from English future of Tolly Cobbold’s Cliff Quay stood empty and neglected. English build a learning centre. At Shepherd Heritage but carried out by over 40 Brewery. Again disused, there is Heritage gave £300,000 for its Wheel, the preserved water volunteers led by Ann Mason. It is inevitable deterioration to the restoration last January, and powered cutlery grinding works on estimated that at its height the structure, vandals have damage it

16 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 REGIONAL NEWS and brass fittings have been stolen. condition. On 17 September the SS It has recently been suggested that Robin left Lowestoft on a pontoon the adjacent Vopak oil terminal after complete restoration, finance might close, which would allow coming with the help, oddly enough, conversion to flats, although the of Crossrail. Robin is the oldest listing of all the brewing equipment surviving steam coaster in the would clearly mean it would have to world, of the type immortalised by be removed for either this or office John Masefield: “Dirty British conversion. The glut of unfinished coaster with a salt-caked flats in Ipswich makes any smokestack, butting through the immediate move unlikely. Adnams channel in the mad March days”. at Southwold however are She was built on the Thames in expanding into small scale distilling 1890, sold to Spanish owners in of gin, vodka and (after three years) 1900, discovered by the Maritime whisky, perhaps encouraged by the Trust in 1972, and purchased in success of the English Whisky 1974. After the failure of the Company in Norfolk, which has now museum in St Katherine’s Dock she bottled its first whisky. It seems eventually ended up belonging to likely more of what little remains of David and Nishani Kampfner’s SS Ransome’s works at Orwell Quay Robin Trust, and was moored at will go with redevelopment West India Quay. It was the proposals for Shed 8 – though proposed redevelopment of this again, whether anything will area as a Crossrail station that led happen in the short term is less to her restoration. She is temporarily certain. The Mid Suffolk Light being kept at Tilbury until a Railway Museum now has full permanent home can be found, museum accreditation, and slow but where it is intended she should steady progress is being made in become a museum of seafaring. rebuilding stock and improving the Another boat which has been track. moved is the Stour lighter, now Maritime archaeology has seen named ‘John Constable’. After initial some important landmarks. On raising and display for a few years at March 24th the last steam drifter, Sudbury Quay, she was submerged the restored Lydia Eva, at last in river silt again to prevent manoeuvred under her own steam deterioration. Now she has been with successful trials on Lake raised and moved to Brightlingsea Mills compressor station site reorganise its running. Gunton Lothing, in time for her 80th where a fuller restoration will take continues: one suggestion is to Sawmill has had a good year with birthday on June 27th. She moved place, though where on the Stour retain only the most historic few significant problems, and a back to her summer berth at she will end up is not yet clear. machinery and convert the rest into considerably more reasonable Yarmouth’s South Quay and was In Norfolk there seems little to small office units, with an Health and Safety assessment (the open to the public. The next task for report, though everyone anxiously Archimedean screw to tap the previous one wanted an emergency the Friends of Lydia Eva and waits to see what the County power of the fall in the river and stop put on machinery with a 2 ton Mincarlo will be to raise the funds Council decides in relation to the give a better carbon footprint. flywheel) which has now been met. to put the last stern trawler, the financing of the Norfolk Mills Trust. Fakenham gasworks has obtained a Repairs have been made to the Mincarlo, into the same good The continuing saga of the New grant to pay a project manager to thatched roof which was one of the first parts of the restoration – the previous thatch was a soggy heap on the floor after a storm when I first saw the mill. The Norfolk Industrial Archaeology Society marked its fortieth anniversary with a public lecture in the Forum which was well advertised and well attended. It intends to republish its early journals in the far better formats now available and with photographic as well as line illustrations – Roneo printing had severe limitations. It would also like to publish some of its records. At the moment the society is working on recording beating chambers (where nets were repaired and treated) in Gorleston. However, its real concern which may well be shared elsewhere, is that to save money the SS Robin on pontoon ready for journey to Tilbury Photo: David Alderton museums seem intent on

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 —17 REGIONAL NEWS deacquisitioning (if such a word of the stations with platforms and three year appointment of a there were once many mills of a exists) items which do not fit its canopies removed is rather volunteer co-ordinator, both to particular type, and only one or two current collecting policy, principally depressing, even though they did encourage volunteers and to ensure remain, those mills would be it would seem to reduce storage demolish a crossing-keeper’s hut they are used to best effect. particularly valuable. The intention is costs. Since many of these are items which was in the way and rebuild it Although I now live in Essex, my to survey externally and, where of agricultural and other machinery nearby. Stretham Old Engine has a main source of information remains structures remain, internally all either made or used in Norfolk, the new exhibit, an Easton, Amos and the Conservation Section of Essex surviving structures or earthworks. society is naturally concerned. Anderson steam pump, excavated County Council, and I am indebted Essex C.C. staff will lead local Matters are not helped by the fact by Ian Hinde and volunteers from to Laura Belton for her assistance. volunteers, for whom training that maintenance while in storage the site of the Mount Pleasant The department continues with its sessions will be provided. New was not always good and there has Pumping station on the Forty Foot invaluable industrial surveys, listings include some 1936 been rot and decay. Should museum Drain. Boats seem topical this year: endeavouring to record all almshouses given by William Julien curators get rid of items for which A Fen lighter rescued in the 1970s substantial industrial remains within Courtauld of the textile firm. Finally, they personally see no purpose but from Roswell Pit near Ely, and various categories. The Tanneries a local volunteer has assessed which might well seem significant in displayed at Cheddars Lane and Gasworks Surveys are still sources and identified former toll the future? Museum, which could not properly under way, and the Railway Survey houses in Essex. The Milestone Again, there seems little to maintain it, has now been taken to is being pursued using local Society is very active in Essex and report from Cambridgeshire. One of Downham Market for restoration. enthusiasts to assist. Lines for which keeps a sharp eye on the surviving those mysterious fires which seem The intention is eventually to put it surveys are completed or under way mile markers, including repairing to plague derelict industrial on display in the coal yard at include the Colne Valley branch to and repainting where needed with, buildings has put the future of Stretham Old Engine. At Cheddars Halstead, the Stour Valley branch, of course, the necessary Fosters steam mill and silo by the Lane there was a double celebration Witham to Braintree, London to permissions. Finally, at Chappel and station at risk, and their future very to mark the 40th Anniversary of the Cambridge including the long closed Wakes Colne Station the East uncertain. These magnificent foundation of the museum and trust Great Chesterford to Newmarket Anglian Railway Museum has Victorian structures were visited by and the 25th Anniversary of the line, the Great Eastern built sections acquired a new Heritage the Cambridge Conference shortly restoration of the boiler and of the Central Line, the Thaxted Interpretation Centre, courtesy of before milling ended. Proposals to commencement of steaming of the branch, Woodham Ferrers to Maldon the army which had a surplus extend the ballast recycling plant on engines. To mark the event the and Maldon to Witham lines and the building at Colchester and a lot of the site of the great marshalling Mayor of Cambridge opened the Shenfield to Southminster line. A work by volunteers. yards at Whitemoor led to an reconstructed ash disposal railway survey has been started of windmills As always I should like to archaeological survey which which used to serve the site. A and windmill sites, funded by the acknowledge the help I have revealed remains of a turntable, replacement steam-powered winch Essex Heritage Trust and the Essex received from a number of people, maintenance pits and the bases of demonstrated how it worked. More C.C. Windmills team. This seeks to among them Ken Alger, Laura the heavy oil tanks put in when the prosaically, but probably more bring together all the research Belton, Alan Denny, David Durst, early British Railways experimented essentially, work is underway to already undertaken by mill Peter Filby, Barre Funnel, Keith with oil fuel for steam locomotives. ensure all items held by the museum enthusiasts, some, but not all, Hinde, Derek Manning, Phillip Tolley An ecological survey found some are on a database, necessary to already published, and try to and Steven Worsley. At least my great crested newts which could achieve accreditation. Lastly, a joint integrate these sources. The purpose recent move to Essex may mean hamper any development. The application has been made with the is to provide a context to enable the that coverage in that county will guided bus route, mentioned before, Cambridge County Folk Museum for value of surviving mills to be improve! is still not in use, but what remains HLF funding towards the cost of a properly understood: for example, if David Alderton

ADVERTISE IN IA NEWS IA News reaches a wide readership through direct subscriptions, circulation to affiliated organisations and use in libraries. Advertising rates range from as little as £30 to £170 for a full page. Inserts may be mailed with IA News at a charge of £40. For further details, contact the Editor.

18 —INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 PUBLICATIONS Local Society and other periodicals received 23 sites listed , it goes a long way to extend the reputation of Reading from beer, biscuits and bulbs to such as Thorneycroft engines, gypsy caravans and Abstracts will appear in Industrial Archaeology Review. Cock’s Reading Sauce. (My mother used to observe the pickles being stuffed into the jars from her office window across the street. Ed) Brewery History, 138, Winter 2010 Bristol Industrial Archaeological Society Bulletin, 131, Winter 2010 The Cumbrian Industrialist Vol 7 2010, The Cumbria Industrial History Society Hampshire industrial Archaeology Society, Focus No 75, December Four papers on predominately Cumbrian issues including gasworks, 2010 textile mills and compensation for industrial diseases. Hampshire Mills Group Newsletter, No 91, Winter 2010 Histelec News: Newsletter of the South Western Electricity Books Historical Society, 45, August 2010; 46, December 2010 Northamptonshire Industrial Archaeology Group Newsletter, 116, The Toll-houses of Essex, by Patrick Taylor, Polystar Press, Ipswich, 2010. Autumn 2010 ISBN 978 1 907154 03 1. 80pp, 75 illus. £7.95. North East Derbyshire Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, This illustrated gazetteer lists some 30 surviving toll houses in Essex, 40, November 2010 each with a photograph and a short description, and also notes on vanished Scottish Industrial History Society,The Bulletin No 57, December 2010 examples. The layout follows the same formula of earlier books on toll- houses from the same publisher, with an introduction giving some Search: the Bulletin of the South Wiltshire Industrial Archaeology background on turnpikes and their organisation in general, although this Society, 92, September 2010 time the reader is given examples of imposters, 17 unusual buildings that Suffolk Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, 111, November appear to be toll-houses but are in fact not! 2010 Surrey Industrial History Group Newsletter, 177, September 2010; Dorset Barns, by Jo Draper and David Bailey, Dovecote Press, Wimborne, 178, November 2010 2010. ISBN 978-1-904-34987-7. 144pp, illus. Hardback, £20. TICCIH Bulletin, 49 3rd and 50, 4th quarter 2010 Dorset’s barns are one of its greatest glories. At their peak in the mid nineteenth century there were probably over 3,000, of which more than Trevithick Society Newsletter, 149, October 2010 1,000 still stand. And form a visible record of an unrivalled architectural Triple News: Newsletter of the Kempton Great Engines Society, 39, legacy. This pioneering book is long overdue – partly because their numbers Summer 2010 are dwindling, but also because the changing character of farming has WaterWords: News from the Waterworks Museum, Hereford, often obscured their original purpose. The earliest to survive are medieval Autumn 2010 and were built by the monasteries with stone from local quarries. Many are Welsh Mines Society Newsletter, 63, Autumn 2010 lined internally with chalk blocks, others of cob, or brick, or timber weatherboarding. Some have owl holes, others the sling-braced roof that is Worcestershire Industrial Archaeology & Local History Society, The unique to Dorset. Thatch, stone, slate and clay tiles capped buildings that Journal, Issue No 39, Winter 2010 ranged from small tithe barns to enormous cathedrals boasting two or three Yorkshire Archaeological Society Industrial History Section porches , from ‘model’ estate barns built in the mid-Victorian boom years , Newsletter, 80, Autumn 2010 to remote field barns miles from anywhere. The invention of the traction engine and its threshing tackle in the 1860s spelled the beginning of the Industrial Reading, Berkshire Industrial History Group, Map and end. Some have disappeared without trace, others converted into housing, Gazetteer 2010 yet more replaced by modern purpose-built stores. Happily, enough still This A3 folded sheet is an excellent example of what can be produced stand to provide a portrait of a wide range of Dorset barns, and of a level of to publicise the industrial history of a local area. With a very clear map and rural craftsmanship that has rarely been surpassed.

DIARY

2 MARCH 2011 12 MARCH 2011 further details go to turbines – ice houses for refrigeration TOWARDS AN AGENDA FOR THE LAST DROP: www.breweryhistory.com Other – water supply systems – and more. THE HISTORY OF EARLY ENGLAND’S SURVIVING enquiries to Mike Bone at Many country house owners invested MAIN-LINE RAILWAYS BREWERY HERITAGE AT THE mandabone in new ways to overcome the at the Conference Centre of the NATIONAL BREWERY disadvantage of their rural location, 2 APRIL 2011 National Railway Museum, York, this CENTRE, BURTON-UPON- isolated from mains supplies. Keynote SOUTH WEST & WALES workshop will explore the time TRENT talks from Prof Marilyn Palmer and Dr between the opening of the first this day conference will launch REGIONAL CONFERENCE at Risca, the 42nd South West and Ian West will be followed by a main lines and the comparative English Heritage’s ‘SHIERs’ report on South Wales Regional Industrial number of presentations looking at maturing of the industry in the last our brewing heritage. The morning Archaeological Conference, hosted how the buildings, equipment, and third of the nineteenth century. The session will focus upon the project by Oxford House Industrial History processes outside worked to improve afternoon will consist of two pairs and its recommendations whilst the Society. the comfort and convenience of those of short position papers, followed by afternoon will be concerned with inside the country houses of Cumbria. discussion. See the Institute of ways forward by way of case-studies 9 APRIL 2011 Booking forms and further Railway Studies & Transport History on brewery archaeology in the Royal COUNTRY HOUSE information are available at website: www.york.ac.uk/inst/irs/ Clarence Yard, Gosport and the TECHNOLOGY www.cumbria-industries.org.uk or conservation of breweries in Burton At the Rheged Centre near Penrith, by phoning 015395 68428. The and Newark. The event is organised Cumbria, hosted by the Cumbria conference fee is £22.50, which by the Brewery History Society with Industrial History Society. Home- includes a buffet lunch the support of English Heritage. For made gas – electricity from water

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS —156 —19 DIARY (Continued)

14-16 APRIL 2011 archaeology of mining, drainage and 30 MAY - 5 JUNE 2011 ELEVATORS AND the challenges of filming AIA VISIT TO SWEDEN Information for the diary FUNICULARS OF THE WORLD Organised by Heritage of Industry. undergrounds, followed by site visits. should be sent directly to the Santiago and Valparaiso, Chile Contact for the conference is Peak Exploration of a major area of information from TICCIH-Chile: District Mining Museum, The Sweden’s rich industrial Editor as soon as it is [email protected] Pavilion, South Parade, Matlock Bath, archaeology, full programme available. Dates of mailing starting from Stockholm with inter 14-16 APRIL 2011 DE4 3NR; Phone: 01629 585834; e- and last dates for receipt of ON THE SURFACE: THE mail [email protected]. alia visits to copper, iron and paper copy are given below. Items HERITAGE OF MINES AND works, both historic and modern. 27 MAY 2011 Contact Bill Barksfield will normally appear in MINING INNSBRUCK, SAFETY AND ECONOMY IN [email protected] successive issues up to the AUSTRIA THE OPERATION OF LARGE For further details on the conference HISTORIC MACHINES 29 JULY - 1 AUGUST 2011 date of the event. Please go to www.tourism-culture/news 2. at Kew Bridge Steam Museum, NAMHO 2011 ensure details are sent in if html or email [email protected] Brentford this seminar will review at Preston Montford Field Centre, you wish your event to be 16 APRIL 2011 the problems and the risks in Montford Bridge, Shrewsbury, the advised. SERIAC 2011 operating large machines, mainly annual conference of the National At Sussex University, Falmer, steam engines designed in the early Association of Mining History More Diary Dates can be Brighton. An IA Miscellany 19th century. Meeting modern Organisations, hosted by Shropshire found on the AIA website at safety standards while using a Caving& Mining Club and including airports, horses, coalfields www.industrial- and ice wells. Hosted by Sussex largely non-technical volunteer Shropshire Mines Trust Ltd. More Industrial Archaeology Society team without a steam background information from archaeology.org (SIAS) sussexias.co.uk is becoming more difficult. www.namhoconference.org.uk Development of verifiable safety 25 AUGUST- 2 SEPTEMEBR 21 MAY 2011 systems and culture will be debated 2011 EMIAC 81: THE IMPACT OF as will the problems, both technical LEAD MINING ON THE PEAK AIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE and financial, of living in an DISTRICT LANDSCAPE at the University, Cork, Ireland. economic climate where the at Matlock Bath, hosted by the Peak Details and a booking form are attraction has to generate an District Mines Historical Society. The included with this mailing. adequate income to deal with safety conference explores the impact of matters. lead mining on the Peak District For details, contact John Porter at landscape both underground and on INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS the Museum or be Email: (formerly AIA Bulletin ISSN 0309-0051) the surface, with talks on the [email protected]. ISSN 1354-1455 Editor: Dr Peter Stanier

Published by the Association for Industrial Archaeology. Contributions should be sent to the Editor, Chris Barney, The Barn, Back Lane, Birdingbury, Rugby CV23 8EN. News and press releases may be sent to the Editor or the appropriate AIA Regional Correspondents. The Editor may be telephoned on 01926 632094 or e-mail: [email protected]

Final copy dates are as follows:

1 January for February mailing 1 April for May mailing 1 July for August mailing 1 October for November mailing

The AIA was established in 1973 to promote the study of Industrial Archaeology and encourage improved standards of recording, research, conservation and publication. It aims to assist and support regional and specialist survey groups and bodies involved in the preservation of industrial monuments, to represent the interests of Industrial Archaeology at national level, to hold conferences and seminars and to publish the results of research. The AIA publishes an annual Review and quarterly News bulletin. Further details may be obtained from the Liaison Officer, AIA Liaison Office, The Ironbridge Institute, Ironbridge Gorge Museum, Coalbrookdale, Telford TF8 7DX. Tel: 01325 359846.

The views expressed in this bulletin are Erewash Canal linked to the River Trent and the canal network Photo: Roy Murphy not necessarily those of the Association for Industrial Archaeology.

20 —© Association for Industrial Archaeology, February 2011 Registered in England under the Companies Act 1948 (No. 1326854) and the Charities Act 1960 (No. 277511) Registered office: c/o IGMT, Coach Road, Coalbrookdale, Telford, Shropshire TF8 7DQ Produced by TBC Print Services Limited, Blandford Forum, Dorset DT11 8ST