THE AMERICAN PAPERS SECRET AND CONFIDENTIAL --BANGLADESH DOCUMENTS 1965-1973

COMPILED AND SELECTED BY ROEDADKHAN

INTRODUCTION BY JAMSHEED MARKER

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents

Preface xxiii Acknowledgements xxv Introduction xxvii

1965

1. Highlights of Foreign Minister Bhutto's Conversation with McConaughy on Rann of Kutch. 30 April 1965. 3 2. Indo-Pakistan Conflict: Information Memorandum. 30 April 1965. 6 3. Pakistan's Response to Wilson's Request for an Immediate Ceasefire: Correction. 30 April 1965. 8 4. Provocative Indian Overflight: Asghar Khan's Information. 15 May 1965. 9 5. Meeting with Ambassador Bowles: Briefing Memorandum. 2 June 1965. 11 (i) Summary of Bowles Memorandum on United State's Policy in South East Asia. 1 June 1965. 12 (ii) US Ambassador Chester Bowles Letter to the US Under Secretary of State, George W Ball. 21 May 1965. 14 6. Ambassador Bowles Telegram from American Embassy in New Delhi: Indian Military and Political Objectives Unclear. 6 September 1965. 15 7. McConaughy's Meeting with President Ayub and Foreign Minister Bhutto. 6 September 1965. [5 Documents Partial Accounts] 17 8. Telegram from American Embassy in on how USG should respond to GOP's request for Action. 6 September 1965. 19 9. MAAG Chief Contacts General Musa. 6 September 1965. 21 10. : Comment on GOP's Mood. 7 September 1965. 32 11. McConaughy's Meeting with Ayub. 7 September 1965. 35 12. Message from Shoaib. 7 September 1965. 37 13. GOP's Request for Help: Shah's Briefing. 8 September 1965. 38 14. Memorandum of Conversation: Indo-Pakistan Dispute. 8 September 1965. 40 Vlli CONTENTS

15. Indo-Pakistan Conflict: Partial Accounts of UK and Canadian High Commissioners talks with Ayub and Bhutto. 8 September 1965. 43 16. McConaughy's Meeting with Bhutto on GOP's Request. 9 September 1965. [2 Documents]. 45 17. GOP Proposal for Settlement of Indo-Pak Conflict. 9 September 1965. 48 18. Dean Rusk's Memorandum for the US President: India-Pakistan. 9 September 1965. 53 19. Suspension of Military Aid and Shipments to Pakistan and India: Bhutto Informed. 10 September 1965. [2 Documents Partial Accounts]. 55 20. Suspension of Military Aid: Full Account of McConaughy's Meeting with Bhutto. [3 Documents]. 10 September 1965. 58 21. Situation in Karachi. 10 September 1965. 68 22. Afghan Support for Pakistan. 11 September 1965. 69 23. GOP Proposal for Settlement of Indo-Pak conflict. 11 September 1965. 70 24. Private Meeting with Shoaib: Indo-Pak Crisis. 19 September 1965. 73 25. Reflections from Dacca on Indo-Pakistan Hostilities. 23 September 1965. 74 26. Ceasefire: Public Attitudes. 26 September 1965. 76 27. Altaf Gauhar on the Third Option in Kashmir Dispute. 7 October 1965. - 77 28. (i) Confidential Memo from American Friends Service Committee. 1 November 1965. 78

1966

1. Indo-Pak Views on the Tashkent Meeting. 1 January 1966. 93 2. Pakistan's Foreign Secretary, 's Analysis of the Tashkent Agreement. 6 January 1966. 96 3. Finance Minister Shoaib's Analysis of the Current Political Atmosphere. 8 January 1966. 98 4. Law Minister and Acting Foreign Minister's Views on Tashkent Agreement. 12 January 1966. 100 5. Foreign Minister's Report on Tashkent Conference. 13 January 1966. [2 Documents]. 103 6. Tashkent Aftermath. 13 January 1966. 108 7. The US Vice-President and Secretary of State's Meeting with the Indian Prime Minister, Nanda. 13 January 1966. 109 8. The Vice President and Secretary of States' Meeting with L.K. Jha. 13 January 1966. Ill CONTENTS IX

9. Ayub Report to Cabinet Members on Tashkent Talks: Shoaib's Account. 13 January 1966. 113 10. Tashkent Reaction. 15 January 1966. 115 11. Outgoing Telegram on Ayub's US Visit. 17 January 1966. 117 12. Dacca rumours: Serious Political Trouble in . 17 January 1966. 118 13. Bhutto on Tashkent. 17 January 1966. 119 14. Military Displeased with Tashkent. 18 January 1966. 120 15. Tashkent Reaction: PAF. 18 January 1966. 121 16. McConaughy's Meeting with the Opposition Leader . 18 January 1966. 123 17. Indo-Pakistan Relations: British Messages. 20 January 1966. 125 18. Tashkent: Karachi Press Indications. 20 January 1966. 126 19. Press Report: Correction. 21 January 1966. 128 20. India and Pakistan: Next Step in US Policy. 1 February 1966. 129 (i) Scenario for Pakistan 130 (ii) Scenario for India 134 21. Sidelights on Tashkent Meeting. 1 February 1966. 139 22. Rumours about Cabinet Reshuffle: Ayub's Denial. 5 February 1966. 143 23. Text of Ayub's Letter to the US President. 5 February 1966. 144 24. Tashkent Reaction: GOP officials report to US Ambassador & other Embassy officials. 7 February 1966. 146 25. Information Secretary Altaf Gauhar's Review on Tashkent reactions and Resumption of US Bombing in Vietnam. 7 February 1966. [2 Documents]. 149 26. Finance Minister Shoaib's Reports on Pak Tashkent Reaction and Bhutto's Position. 7 February 1966. 153 27. Anti-Indian Propaganda. 31 May 1966. 155 28. Governor Kalabagh on Pak-Indian Relations and Kashmir. 17 June 1966. 157 29. David Linebaugh's Letter to Gordon Schull: Memorandum on Kashmir. 29 July 1966. 158 (i) Implications of a Unilateral Indian Settlement of The Kashmir Issue, with Concessions to Pakistan Outside the Vale: A Exploratory Memorandum. 159 30. Indo-Pakistan Relations: Memorandum of Conversation. 19 August 1966. 163 (i) Note to High Commissioner of India in . 168 (ii) Indian High Commissioner's Note to Pakistan Foreign Secretary, Yusuf. 169 (iii) Detail of Pakistan Army build up in Pakistan. 170 (iv) Build up of Pakistan Army, Air Force and Navy 171 (v) Major Military Hardware by Pakistan. 173 X CONTENTS

31. Jammu and Kashmir: A Year After the September Conflict. 16 September 1966. 174 32. Memorandum of Conversation with New Indian Ambassador . 20 September 1966. 182 (i) Memorandum of Conversation. 13 September 1966. 183 (ii) New Indian Ambassador Arrives. 30 August 1966. 185 33. Attitudes of Pakistan Military Officers in the East Wing. 23 September 1966. 186 34. Indo-Pakistan Relations. Memorandum of Conversation. 30 September 1966. 188 (i) "Working Paper" on Indo-Pakistan talks. 190 35. Conversation with General Manekshaw. 15 October 1966. 192 (i) Memorandum of Conversation. 193 36. Bhutto Making Opening Bid? 25 November 1966. 196 37. Indo-Pak-US Political and Military Relations. 16 December 1966. 197 38. Foreign Minister Pirzada's Reference to Indian Hardline on Kashmir. 16 December 1966. 199 (i) K.C. Saxena's Book: Foreword. 23 March 1966. 201 39. Indo-Pak Relations: Ambassador Locke's Meeting with Foreign Secretary S.M. Yusuf. 17 December 1966. 202 40. Indo-Pak Relations: Belonia Firing. 17 December 1966. 205 41. Indo-Pak Relations: Memorandum of Conversation. 23 December 1966. 206 (i) Implementation of . 207

1967

1. Meeting with Information Secretary, Altaf Gauhar. 11 January 1967. 213 2: Bhutto's Present Outlook. Memorandum of Conversation. 26 April 1967. . 214 3. Letter from Norman B. Hannah to Secretary of State Dean Rusk. 3 May 1967. 218 (i) Memorandum for Mr. Walt W. Rostow: Letter to the President from Ambassador Eugene A. Locke. 9 May 1967. 219 (ii) Letter to the US President from Ambassador Eugene A Locke. 1 May 1967. 220 4. Extraordinary Personnel Action Request. 19 May 1967. 228 5. Memorandum of Conversation between Makhdumzada Syed Hasan Mahmud Shah and American Consul-in-Charge, Craig Baxter. 31 July 1967. 229 CONTENTS Xi

6. Memorandum of Conversation between Syed Hadi Shah Bokhari, former Mayor of and Craig Baxter. 4 August 1967. 231 7. EBDONIANS: Views of Hasan Mahmud and Hadi Ali Shah of Qazilbash Camp. 11 August 1967. 233 8. Bhutto Visits — A Political Foray. 7 November 1967. 235 9. East Pakistan: Dacca Author Requests US Support for Bengali Coup Plot. 28 November 1967. 239 10. Abortive Coup — Assassination Plot: Dacca. 28 December 1967. 243

1968

1. Arrests of Three Prominent Bengali Officers. 6 January 1968. 247 2. An Exercise in Conspiracy: A Resume. 12 March 1968. 248 3. East Pakistan: Memorandum of Conversation on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman role in the Agartala Conspiracy. 10 July 1968. 250 4. President Johnson's Letter to President Ayub. 14 July 1968. 251 5. Trial of Alleged Conspirators in East Pakistan Tarnishing Government Image. 7 August 1968. 253 6. Mahmood Haroon to London? 27 September 1968. 254 7. Reactions to Bhutto's Arrest and Asghar Khan's entry into Politics. 25 November 1968. 257 8. Reactions in Karachi Consular District to Bhutto's Arrest. 29 November 1968. 259

1969

1. Pakistan: Martial Law 'Who's Who'. 26 March 1969. 265 2. Message from Chief Martial Law Administrator to President Nixon. 27 March 1969. 267 3. A.K. Brohi's Comments on Martial Law. 1 April 1969. 269 (i) Memorandum of Conversation. 31 March 1969. 270 4. Belief that Yusuf Haroon is US Agent. 28 May 1969. 272 5. UK Deputy High Commissioner's View of East Pakistan's Future. 9 June 1969. 274 6. Meeting with President Yahya. 10 June 1969. 276 7. Yahya's 'Documents'. 20 June 1969. 277 8. Amir Ahmed Khan a CIA Agent? 3 July 1969. 279 9. Memorandum of Conversation with Pir Pagara. 22 August 1969. 280 (i) Memorandum of Conversation. 20 August 1969. 281 10. Memorandum of Conversation with J.A. Rahim. 29 August 1969. 283 (i) Memorandum of Conversation. 27 August 1969. 284 Xil CONTENTS

11. The US Secretary's Conversation with Pakistan Minister of Information and National Affairs. 30 September 1969. 286 12. Abdul Ghaffar Khan's Comments. 24 October 1969. 290 13. Current Pakistani Scene—Comment. 7 November 1969. 293 14. Current Pakistani Scene—Constituent Post Assessments. 14 November 1969. 298

1970

1. —Second Coming? 6 January 1970. 311 2. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's Foreign Policy Views, Electoral Strategy. 7 January 1970. 316 3. Peshawar Air Station. 8 January 1970. 318 4. New Pak Air Attache Assigned to India: Discusses F-104's. 26 January 1970. 319 5. Memorandum for the President: South Asian Military Supply Policy. 10 February 1970. 320 (i) Turkish Tanks for Pakistan. 18 December 1969. 324 (ii) South Asia Military Supply Policy: Action Memorandum. 6 February 1970. 326 6. Political Assessment: Status Report on Election Campaign. 13 Feburary 1970. 327 7. Memorandum of Conversation with S.S. Jafri. Suspended GOP Official. 17 February 1970. 347 (i) Memorandum of Conversation: Mr Jafri and the "303" Suspension List. 13 February 1970. 348 8. Conversation with NAP President Wali Khan. 3 March 1970. 352 (i) Memorandum of Conversation. 23 February 1990. 353 9. Former President Ayub. 20 April 1970. 355 10. Hilaly Call on Under Secretary: Military Supply. 8 May 1970. 356 11. The Pakistani Political Scene. 22 May 1970. 358 12. Current Assessment. 22 May 1970. 363 13. East Pakistan: Sheikh Mujib in Serious Mood. 2 June 1970. 367 14. A Happenning with Bhashani. 4 June 1970 368 (i) Dawn, 30 May 1970, Clipping. 370 (ii) Dainik Paigam, 2 June 1970. 370 15. Conversation with Yusuf Haroon. 9 June 1970. 372 (i) Memorandum of Conversation. 5 June 1970. 373 16. Reported Views of President Yahya on Evolving Political Scene. 16 June 1970. 376 17. The Election Campaign with Fourteen Months to go. 3 July 1970. 377 18. Election Assessment. 28 July 1970. 401 CONTENTS XIII

19. Constituent Posts Reports on Current Political Scene. 31 August 1970. 417 20. Memorandum for the President for the Secretary's Signature: Military Sales Offer to Pakistan. 13 October 1970. 425 (i) President Nixon's Letter to Yahya. 15 October 1970. 426 21. Message from President Nixon for President Yahya. 16 October 1970. 427 (i) Military Sales Officer to Pakistan. 13 October 1970. 429 22. Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali: A Profile. 9 December 1970. [2 Documents]. 430 23. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. 10 December 1970. [2 Documents]. 434 24. Footnotes on Yahya's Visit to , Farland: 15 December 1970. 437 25. Governor Ahsan's Views on Political Situation. 18 December 1970. 440 26. Indian Reaction to Arms to Pakistan: Soviet vs US. 23 December 1970. 441 (i) Chronology of Indian Government Attitude and Actions Regarding Soviet Arms to Pakistan. 444 27. Call on Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. 30 December 1970. 445

1971

1. Draft of President Nixon's Letter to President Yahya, n.d. 449 2. Z.A. Bhutto on Pak/US Relations and other Subjects. 13 January 1971. [3 Documents]. 450 (i) Rogers' Note on the Reports. 14 January 1971. 456 3. East Pakistan: Qualitative Appraisal of the Awami League. 29 January 1971. 457 4. Possibility of East/West Pakistan Split—China's Role. 1 February 1971. 466 5. Policy Appraisal—Pakistan. 2 February 1971. 467 6. President Yahya's Views on Mujib, Bhutto and Pakistan Politics. 2 February 1971. [2 Documents]. 481 7. Pakistan People's Party on US-Pak Relations. 4 February 1971. 484 8. Iranian Foreign Minister Zahedi's Views on Pakistan. 8 February 1971. 486 9. Ambassador Farland's Conversation with Z.A. Bhutto in Karachi. 8 February 1971. 487 10. Contingency Study on Pakistan—Addendum. 16 February 1971. 489 11. Conversation with Z.A. Bhutto in Extension of Karachi Conversations. 17 February 1971. [2 Documents]. 490 1.2. Session with Yahya: Internal Political Crisis. 25 February 1971. 494 13. Memorandum for Mr Henry A. Kissinger: Recent Pakistan Developments. 3 March 1971. 496 XIV CONTENTS

(i) East Pakistan Protests Postponement; Chances of Reconciliation Slight—Information Memorandum. 2 March 1971. 497 14. Possible Pakistan Military Intervention to Prevent East Pakistan Secession—Briefing Memorandum. 5 March 1971. 498 15. East Pakistan Situation Moves Toward Climax. 5 March 1971. 500 16. Consideration of Contingency Study on Pakistan by Senior Review Group: Briefing Memorandum. 5 March 1971. 502 (i) Joseph J. Sisco's Letter to Mr Henry A. Kissinger, ' Chairman, NSC Review Group. 504 (ii) Contingency Study on Pakistan—East Pakistan Secession. 505 17. East Pakistan—Views of Pak. Diplomatic Officer In Calcutta. 9 March 1971. 518 18. Chances for Political Solution. 12 March 1971. 520 19. Mujib takes over East Pakistan: Yahya Flies to Dacca. 15 March 1977. 522 20. Indian Reaction to Pakistan Events. 29 March 1971. 523 21. Daultana Comments on Crisis. 2 April 1971. 525 22. South Asian Realities and Interests. 13 April 1971. 527 23. Chou En-Lai's Letter to President Yahya. 13 April 1971. 530 24: US Posture Toward Pakistan. 13 April 1971. [3 Documents]. 532 25. Department of State's Position on the Paper Reassessing US Policy for Pakistan—Action Memorandum. 15 April 1971. 537 (i) Draft—Pakistan American Relations—A Reassessment. 538 26. Pakistan-American Relations—A Reassessment: Senior Review Group. 16 April 1971. 539 27. Discussion of Indo-Pakistan Relations. Contingency Study. 4 May 1971. 554 (i) Draft—Contingency Study for Indo-Pakistan Hostilities. 555 28. Developments in Pakistan: Reply to Yahya. 8 May 1971. 560 (i) Suggested Reply. 561 (ii) Joseph J. Sisco's Letter to the Acting Secretary. 23 April 1971. 563 (iii) President Nixon's Letter to Yahya. 7 May 1971. 564 (iv) Henry Kissinger's Memorandum for the Acting Secretary of State. 7 May 1971. 565 29. Washington Visit of M.M. Ahmad. Debt Relief and Economic Assistance to Pakistan. 9 May 1971. 566 (i) Memorandum for the Acting Secretary from Christopher Van Hollen. 8 May 1971. 569 30. Letter for the President from Former President Ayub. 10 May 1971. 570 (i) Text of 's Letter. 2 May 1971. 570 31. Letter to President Ayub. 11 May 1971. 571 32. Call by M.M. Ahmad on Assistant Secretary. 12 May 1971. 573 CONTENTS XV

33. Memorandum of President's Conversation with M.M. Ahmad. 14 May 1971. 576 34. Views of Sir Cyril Pickard. 17 May 1971 580 • 35. Pakistan: The West Wings 'Morning After'. 18 May 1971. 582 36. Call by M.M. Ahmad on Assistant Secretary. 19 May 1971 587 37. Bengalis Visiting and Resident in the US. 21 May 1971. 590 38. Possible India-Pakistan War: William P. Rogers' Memorandum for the President. 26 May 1971. 591 (i) List of Actions Taken. 593 39. Joseph J. Sisco's Action Memorandum to the Secretary of State. 25 May 1971. Meeting of the Washington Special Action Group on India-Pakistan Situation—Briefing Memorandum. 26 May 1971. 594 (iii) Action to consider in the event of Indo-Pakistan War. 595 40. Mumtaz Daultana's Meeting with the US Ambassador. 4 June 1971. 596 41. Conversations with West Pak and Bengalis. 4 June 1971. 598 42. Transfer of Power. 7 June 1971. 602 43. Views of Suhrawardy's Daughter Begum Akhtar Sulaiman. 10 June 1971. 603 44. Possible Travel by Bhutto. 18 June 1971. 605 45. A Letter of Frank Church to the US President about Pakistani Ship Padma. 22 June 1971. 606 (i) Memorandum for the Executive Secretary of State: Letter from Senator Church on Arms for Pakistan. 607 (ii) Suggested Reply to Senator Church's Letter to the President. 608 46. Department of States' Telegram to American Embassy at New Delhi: Arms for Pakistan. 25 June 1971. 609 47. Social Habits and Political Methods of Bhutto. 28 June 1971. 611 48. East Pakistan or Bangladesh: Some Observations. 2 July 1971. 613 49. Bhutto on Yahya's 28 June Speech. 6 July 1971. 618 (i) Corrected copy (Para 8). 620 50. Political and Military Situation in Rangpur and Dinajpur Districts. 25 July 1971. 622 51. Pakistan Internal Situation. 2 August 1971. 624 52. Political Notes. 6 August 1971. 632 53. Call on General Hamid. 10 August 1966. 634 54. Conversation with Pak Army Chief of Staff: East Pakistan Situation. 11 August 1971. 636 55. Conversation with Pak Army Chief of Staff Refugees and Relief. 11 August 1971. . 638 *• 56. Conversation with Pak Army Chief of Staff Indo-Pak Military i Confrontation. 11 August 1971. 640 I 57. Admiral Ahsan on Events in East Pakistan. I 17 August 1971. [2 Documents]. 642 XVi CONTENTS

'58. Political Coordination: Reactions. 24 August 1971. 59. Conversation with Retired Maj. General Jilani. 30 August 1971. 60. Some East Pakistan Observations. A Trip Report. 30 August 1971. 61. US Presidents Meeting with Senior Review Group on Pakistan. 2 September 1971. 62. Visit of Pakistan Foreign Secretary. 3 September 1971. 63. Pakistan Army Chief of Staff on Military Situation in East Pakistan. 7 September 1971. 64. Situation Report: India/Pakistan. 16 September 1971. 65. Conversation with President Yahya: His Visit to Tehran. 21 September 1971. 66. Situation Report: India/Pakistan. 22 September 1971. 67. South Asia: Preparations for Hostilities—Intelligence Indicators. 22 September 1971. 68. TDCS Report on Pakistan's Plans to Initiate Small-Scale Border Incident with India. 25 September 1971. 69. Pakistan: in Search of Assurance. 27 September 1971. 70. US Leverage in Current East Pakistan Crisis. 28 September 1971. [2 Documents] 71. President on Refugees and Army Action in East Pakistan. 1 October 1971. 72. President Yahya on Mujib. 1 October 1971. 73. South Asia: Preparation for Hostilities—Intelligence Indicators. 6 October 1971. 74. Punjabi Leadership Opinions on War. 9 October 1971. 75. Situation Report: India/Pakistan. 13 October 1971. 76. Discussion with President Yahya: Risks of War. 16 October 1971. 77. Yahya's Letter to President Nixon. 19 October 1971. 78. Pakistani Delegate's Forthcoming Visit to Peking. 4 November 1971. 79. A.I.D. Deputy Administrator's. Report on Pakistan. 5 November 1971. 80. Bhutto's Projected Trip to the PRC and His Desire to Visit the US. 6 November 1971. 81. Attitudes Regarding Mujib's Role in the Political Settlement in East Pakistan Conflict. 12 November 1971. [2 Documents]. 82. Spanish Ambassador's Meeting with US Assistant Secretary. 17 November 1971. 83. UN role in East Pakistan Problem. 19 November 1971. 84. Indo-Pakistan Military Escalation. 22 November 1971. 85. Deteriorating Situation Along Indian-East Pakistan Borders. 22 November 1971. 86. Conversation with President Yahya. 23 November 1971. 87. India-Pakistan Situation. 23 November 1971. CONTENTS XVii

88. French Actions in Regard to the Indo-Pak Situation. 24 November 1971. 724 89. Conversation with President Yahya. 19 November 1971. 726 90. Possible Bhutto Visit. 27 November 1971. 731 (i) President Yahya Khan's Special Envoy to Ceylon. 26 November 1971. 732 91. Possible Bhutto Visit to US. 30 November 1971. 734 92. Pakistan Ambassador's Talks at MFA. 6 December 1971. 735 93. Conversation with President Yahya. 8 December 1971. 736 94. Bhutto's Views Before His departure for New York. 9 December 1971. 738 95. Meeting with President Yahya. 12 December 1971. 741 96. Mrs Gandhi's letter to the US President. 17 December 1971. 743 97. Memorandum for Mr Henry Kissinger. Draft Reply to Mrs. Gandhi's Letter of 15 December 1971. 17 December 1971. 746 98. Memorandum for Henry Kissinger: Meeting with Z.A. Bhutto. 18 December 1971. 749 (i) Talking Points for the President. 750 (ii) Zulfikar AH Bhutto, Peoples Party. 751 99. Bhutto's Meeting with the President. 18 December 1971. 755 100.Views of Air Marshal (Retd.) Nur Khan on Current Situation. 22 December 1971. 757 101.Bhutto's First Three Days: An Assessment. 23 December 1971. [2 Documents]. ; 759 102.Conversation with President Bhutto. : '• • 23 December 1971. [2 Documents]. 763 103.Bhutto's Relations with Pakistan Military. 27 December 1971.. 767 104.Meeting with Bhutto. 29 December 1971. 768 105.Secretary's Conversation with Bhutto. 29 December 1971. 771 106.Biographic Reporting: Bhutto's Ministers—J. A. Rahim. : 29 December 1971. 775 107.New Finance Minister Calls for Mixed Economy. 29 December 1971. .777 l08.Biographic Reporting: Bhutto's Ministers—Dr Mubashir Hasan. 30 December 1971. 778

1972

1. Discussion with President Bhutto—Release of Sheikh Mujibur Rehman. 3 January 1972. 783 2. Lt.-Gen. Gul Hasan's meeting with Gen. Yeager. 12 January 1972. 786 3. Conversation with Pak Army Commander-in-Chief. 24 January 1972. 787 XVIII CONTENTS

4. Nawabzada A. M. Raza's Letter to the Secretary of State. 24 January 1972. 789 (i) Letter to the US President from President Bhutto: Memorandum for NSC Secretariat. 25 January 1972. 790 (ii) Text of Bhutto's Letter. 791 5. Memorandum for Mr Henry A. Kissinger: Message to President Nixon from President Bhutto. 8 February 1972. 792 (i) Nawabzada A. M. Raza's Letter to the US Secretary of State. 7 February 1972. 793 6. GOP Soundings on US Bases Defence Pact and Arms for Pakistan. 17 February 1972. 795 7. GOP Willingness to Grant U.S. Base Rights. 17 February 1972. 797 8. Conversation with President Bhutto: Defence. 25 February 1972. 798 9. Replacement of Army and Air Force Chiefs. 3 March 1972. 799 10. Relief of Army and Air Force Chiefs. 3 March 1972. 800 11. Memorandum for Mr Henry A. Kissinger: Message from President Bhutto. 3 March 1972. 801 (i) Text of President Bhutto's Letter to President Nixon. 1 March 1972. 802 12. Air Marshal Rahim Speaks on his Dismissal as Pak Air Force Commander in Chief. 8 March 1972. 803 13. More on Bhutto's Ouster of Army and Air Force Chiefs. II March 1972. - 804 14. Dialogue with India: Next Steps in South Asia. 15 March 1972. 805 15. President Bhutto's Proposals for Closer Military Collaboration with the US. 15 March 1972. 809 16. Memorandum for the President: President Bhutto's Proposals for Closer Military Collaboration. 17 March 1972. 811 17. President Nixon's Letter to President Bhutto. 22 March 1972. 813 18. Briefing Memorandum for the US Under-Secretary: Meeting with . 21 March 1972. 815 (i) Issues & Talking Points. 816 (ii) Luncheon Guest List. 819 (iii) Aziz Ahmed's Schedule. 820 (iv) Aziz Ahmed Biographic Sketch. 821 (v) Soviet Intentions Toward Subcontinent. 2 March 1972. 822 (vi) Visit of Aziz Ahmed: Suggested Toast. 22 March 1972. 824 19. President Nixon's Message for President Bhutto. 23 March 1972. 825 20. Bhutto's Quest For Peace—Problems in Initiating Talks with India and Mujib. 27 March 1972. [2 Documents]. 828 21. Conversation with Pak. Army Chief of Staff. 31 March 1972. [2 Documents]. 832 22. Memorandum For Mr Henry A. Kissinger: Dialogue with Pakistan and India. 11 April 1972. 836 CONTENTS Xix

23. Memorandum For Mr Henry A. Kissinger: Suggested Reply to President Bhutto. 3 May 1972. (i) Text of Nixon's Letter to Bhutto. 841 (ii) Copy of Bhutto's Letter to Nixon. 15 April 1972. 842 14. Bhutto on Vietnam: 11 May 1972. 844 15. Discussion with I.H. Usmani. 8 June 1972. 846 >6. More Pakistan Army Officials Dismissed. 11 August 1972. 848 11. Bhutto Vs. Wali Khan: The View From Wali's Side. 22 August 1972. 850 28. US/UK Assessment of Political/Economic Conditions. 28 September 1972. 854 19. Baluchistan Governor Comments on Recent Political Development. 29 September 1972. 856 50. Pakistan Internal Political Situation. 13 October 1972. 861

1973

1. The Bhutto Government's First Year: Foreign Policy Assessment. 2 January 1973. [5 Documents]. 873 2. Bhutto's First Year—Internal Political Scene. 11 January 1973. [3 Documents]. 882 3. Letter to the US President from President Bhutto. 14 February 1973. 888 4. Iraqi Arms: Dismissal of Governors of Baluchistan and NWFP. 15 February 1973. 890 5. Pakistan: Bhutto Smites the NAP. 16 February 1973. 892 6. Proposed Response to Pakistani President Bhutto. 20 February 1973. 894 (i) Memorandum for the President: Suggested Letter to President Bhutto. 895 (ii) Memorandum for the President: President Bhutto's Letter of 14 February. 23 February 1973. 896 7. Pak Civilian Intelligence Chief on Iraqi Arms. 23 February 1973. 897 8. Iraqi/Soviet Arms: The Web of Speculation. 24 February 1973. [2 Documents]. 900 9. Iraqi Arms Smuggling. Views of Senior Pakistani Officials. •: 6 March 1973. [2 Documents] 905 10. Memorandum for the President: Envoy from Pakistan's ; President Bhutto, n.d. 906 11. Governor Khar's Return from US. 12 March 1973. 907 12. Reaction to Arrests of Military Officers. 25 April 1973. 908 10. Comments on Bhutto's Visit to . 16 May 1973. 910 ;14. Observations on Pakistan Military Services in the Light of |> Recent Arrests. 16 May 1973. 912 XX CONTENTS

15. Bhutto on 'Scope' of Visit to Washington. 4 June 1973. 914 16. President Bhutto on Pakistan Domestic Political Situation. 4 June 1973. [2 Documents]. 916 17. Bhutto's Appeal for Help on Domestic Political Problem. 4 June 1973. [2 Documents]. : 920 18. Shipment of Mangoes. 5 June 1973. 924 (i) Bhutto's Appeal for Help on Domestic Political Problems. 925 19. Shipment of Mangoes. 6 June 1973. 926 (i) Private Visit of Begum Bhutto. 5 June 1973. 927 20. Private Visit of Begum Bhutto. 7 June 1973. 928 (i) President Bhutto's Visit. 31 December 1971. 929 (ii) Telephone Call to Begum Bhutto. 8 June 1973. 930 21. Talks with Bizenjo and Bhutto. 7 June 1973. [2 Documents]. 931 22. Bhutto's Appeal for Help on Domestic Political Problem. 8 June 1973. 935 23. Memorandum for Mr Henry A. Kissinger: Military Supply Policy Toward India and Pakistan. 15 June 1973. 936 (i) Pakistan and the Middle East: An Assessment of Military Ties. 13 June 1973. 937 24. Bhutto Visit: 26 June 1973. 944 25. Memorandum for Mr Henry A. Kissinger: Proposed Toast to President Bhutto. 6 July 1973. 946 (i) Briefing Paper. 947 26. Armin H. Meyer, Special Consultant on South Asian Affairs' Letter to Glenn A. Olds, President, Kent State University. 6 July 1973. 949 (i) Glenn A. Olds Letter to William Rogers. 8 July 1973. 950 (ii) Glenn A. Olds Letter to President Bhutto. 951 27. Memorandum for Mr Henry A. Kissinger: Suggested Arrival Statement of President Nixon. 6 July 1973. 952 (i) Briefing Paper. 953 28. Visit of President Bhutto: Vice President's Luncheon. 7 July 1973. 955 (i) Briefing Paper. 956 29. Memorandum for the President. The Visit of Pakistan President Bhutto. 9 July 1973. 958 (i) Briefing Paper. Issues and Talking Points: Bhutto Visit. 960 (ii) Pakistan: State Visit of President Bhutto and Begum Bhutto. 6 July 1973. 964 30. Research Study—South Asia: A Look Ahead: 11 July 1973. 965 31. Pakistan Internal Political Assessment: President Bhutto's Position. 12 July 1973. 968 32. President Nixon's Letter to President Bhutto on Visit Postponement. 24 July 1973. 980 33. US Acting Secretary's Letter to the US President. 13 November 1973. 982