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THE OFFICIAL VISIT OF HIS EXCELLENCY ZULFIKAR ALI BHUTTO PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN AND BEGUM BHUTTO TO WASH ING TON , D. C.

FEBRUARY 4-7, 1975 DETAILED SCENARIO MEMBERS OF THE OFFICIAL PAKISTAN PARTY

His Excellency Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Prime Minister of Pakistan Begum Nusrat Bhutto His Excellency Aziz Ahmed Minister of State for Defense and Foreign Affairs His Excellency Meraj Khalid Minister for Law and Parliamentary Affairs · Mr. Murtaza Bhutto Son of the Prime Minister Miss Sanam Bhutto Daughter of the Prime Minister Mrs. Shaheen Hanif Ramay Wife of the Chief Minister of the Province of Punjab Mr. Yusuf Buch Special Assistant to Prime Minister Senator (Mrs.) Samia Usman Fateh

Mr. A. G. N•. Kazi Secretary General, Finance Mr. Agha Shahi Foreign Secretary His Excellency Sahabzada Yaqub-Khan The Ambassador of Pakistan

Delegation -1- MEMBERS OF THE OFFICIAL PARTY (continued)

Begum Yaqub-Khan Brigadier Imtiaz Ali Military Secretary to Prime Minister

Delegation -2- ~~~~~------,3...... ~

-· MEMBERS OF THE UNOFFICIAL PARTY

Mr. Mohammad Hanif Member, National Assembly Pir Syed Safiuddin Member, National Assembly Rai Hafizullah Khan Member, National Assembly Malik Anwar Ali Noon Member, National Assembly Air Marshal 1 (retired) M. Nur Khan Chairman, Pakistan International Airlines Corporation Mr. Afzal Said Khan Secretary to Prime Minister Mrs. Afzal Said Khan Mr. Akram Shaikh Director Mr. Talib Hussain Member, Provincial Assembly Wing Commander Mehboob Ahmed Personal Physician to Prime Minister Mr. Abdur Rahman Khan of Hoti Prince Mohiuddin of Kalat Mr. Sultan Ahmed Chandio Mrs. Nasima Sultana Akmut

Delegation -3- MEMBERS OF THE UNOFFICIAL PARTY (continued) ;; Colonel M. Ismail Khan Chief of Protocol Or. (Mrs.) Khurshid Hyder Director-General, Ministry of Foreign /\ffairs Mr. Amin Jan Nairn Director, Ministry of ·Foreign Affairs Mi'l inr Kha 1 i a Var Tiwann Presidential Bodyguard Mr. Abdul Qadir Haye Officer on Special Duty (Security) Lieutenant Abid Hussain Rathore, P.N. Aide-de-Camp to Prime Minister Flight Lieutenant Khalid Saeed Haroon, P.A.F. Aide-de-Camp to Prime Minister Mr. Tamizullah Khan Protocol Officer Mr. Nasir Ahmad Protocol Assistant Mr. A. A. Hashmi Protocol Assistant Mr. Mahmud Ul-Haq Bodyguard

Mr. Iqba 1 Noon Dodyguard Mr. Noor Mohammad Mughal Valet Mrs. llawa Maid to Begum Bhutto Df'legation -4- ACCOMPANYING THE PAKISTAN PARTY

Mr. M. A. Jafri . Director-General, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet, East Europe and China) Mr. Abdul Fazl Director, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet, East Europe and China)

Delegation -5- SUMMARY SCHEDULE

TUESDAY FEBRUARY 4, 1975 3:00pm Arrive Andrews Air Force Base. 3:30pm Arrive Blair House, the President's Guest House, 1651 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest. 7:30pm Private dinner at Pakistan Embassy, 2343 S Street, N.W. Overnight: Blair House WEDNESDAY FEBRUARY 5, 1975

10: 30am Meeting with President Ford, at the White House. 10: 30am Begum Bhutto tours the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Independence Avenue at 8th Street, S.W. l :OOpm Luncheon hosted by Secretary Kissinger, Department of State. 1 :OOpm Luncheon hosted by Mrs. Henry A. Kissinger in honor of Regum Bhutto. 2:30pm Meeting with Secretary Kissinger, at the Department of State.

SUMMARY SCHEDULE -1- WEDNESDAY FEBRUARY 5, 1975 (cont'd) 4:00pm Meeting with Senate Foreign Relations Committee, the U.S. Capitol, Room S-116. 5:45pm Press briefinn, at Blair House. 8:00pm Dinner hosted by the President and Mrs. Ford, at the White House. Dress: Black Tie Overnight: Blair House THURSDAY FEBRUARY 6, 1975 8:00am Meeting with Senator Henry Jackson, at Blair House. 8:30am Breakfast with Senators, at Blair House. lO:OOam Meeting with House Foreign Affairs Committee, Room H-2172, Ravburn Office Buildina. lO: 30am Begum Bhutto visits Planned Parenthood, 1109 M Street, N.W.

12: l 5pm Meeting with Congressman Charles Wilson, at Blair House.

SUMMARY SCHEDULE -2- .. - THURSDAY FEBRUARY 6, 1975 (cont'd) 1: OOpm Luncheon with columnists, at '- Blair House. 1: OOpm Luncheon hosted by Begum Bhutto, Embassy of Pakistan, 2343 S Street, N.W. 3:30pm Meeting with the Secretary of Defense, at Blair House. 4: l 5pm Meeting with Senator Frank Church, at Blair House. 5:00pm Meeting with the Vice President of the United States, at Blair House. 7:30pm Dinner hosted by the Prime Minister and Begum Bhutto, at the Shoreham Hotel . 10:45pm Private visit with Iranian Ambassador, at Imperial Embassy of Iran. Overnight: Blair House FRIDAY FEBRUARY 7, 1975 9:00am Meeting with Congressman Donald Fraser, at Blair House. 9:45am Departure ceremony, Washington Monument Grounds.

SUMMARY SCHEDULE -3-

··· .. FRIDAY FEBRUARY 7, 1975 (cont'd) 10 :OOam Depart Andrews Air Force Base, via PIA fliqht enroute New York.

11 :OOam Arrive JFK International Airport, New York. 11: 50am Arrive the Pierre Hotel. l: OOpm Luncheon hosted by Mr. and Mrs. David Rockefeller, 1 Chase Manhattan Plaza.

4: l 5pm Meeting with Mr. A. Rosenthal {New York Times), in suite. 5:30pm Meeting with Pakistan Community, Pakistan House, 8 East 65th ~t. 7:30pm Private evening. Theatre/supper following. SATURDAY FEBRUARY 8, 1975

10: 30am Begum Bhutto visits the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 10: OOam ABC television interview at Pierre Hotel.

1 :OOpm Luncheon hosted by Mayor and Mrs. Bearne, Gracie Mansion. 8:30pm Depart U.S. via PIA flight from JFK International Airport. SUMMARY SCHEDULE -4- TUESDAY FEBRUARY 4, 1975

3:00pm llis Excellency Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan, and Begum Bhutto and members of his party arrive Andrews Air Force Base via Special PIA Flight. The Greeting Committee

The Honorab 1e Henry E. Catto, Jr. Chief of Protocol Mrs. Catto His Excellency Sahabzada Yaqub-Khan, Ambassador of Pakistan to the United States Begum Yaqub-Khan The Honorable Henry A. Kissinger Secretary of State Brig. Gen. M. E. Nelson Commander, 1st Composite Wing, Andrews AFB The Honorarle Henry A. Byroade US Ambassador to Pakistan Mrs. Byroade The Honorable Alfred L. Atherton, Jr., Assistant Secretary of State Mr .. L. Bruce Laingen Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Mrs. Laingen Mr. S. I. Riza Minister and Deputy Chief of Mission, Embassy of Pakistan Mrs. Riza · Mr. Abdul Majid Mufti Economic Minister, Embassy of Pakistan February 4 -1- TUESDAY FEBRUARY 4, 1975 (cont'd) The Greeting Committee (cont'd) Brigadier Mohammad Ashraf Chaudhri , Defense and Army Attache, Embassy of Pakistan Dr. Asad Khan Minister (Adviser), Embassy of Pakistan Mr. M. I. Butt Minister of Information, Embassy of Pakistan Mr. Amir Usman Counselor (Political) Embassy of Pakistan Captain S. Q. Raza Naval Attache, Embassy of Pakistan Group Captain Syed Sajjad Haider Air Attache, Embassy of Pakistan Mr. S. Ameer Ali Food and Agricultural Counselor, Embassy of Pakistan Mr. Mohammad Humayun Economic Counselor, Embassy of Pakistan Mr. Rafique Mahmood Education Counselor, Embassy of Pakistan Mr. William R. Codus Assistant Chief of Protocol Mr. Peter D. Constable Director, Pakistan Desk Mrs. Constable Mr. Anwar Tahmasp Khan First Secretary and Head of Chancery, Embassy of Pakistan February 4 -2- WITHDRAWAL SHEET (PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES)

FORM OF CORRESPONDENTS OR TITLE DATE RESTRICTION DOCUMENT

Doc. Motorcade assignments I 32 Pages B 02105/75

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File Location:

Shelia Weidenfeld Files, Box 31 , State Visits File: 2/5/75 - Pakistan (2)

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NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NA FORM 1429 (1-98)

..

February 3, 1975

No. 44

PROGRAM FOR THE OFFICIAL VISIT TO WASHINGTON, D.C. OF HIS EXCELLENCY ZlJLFIKAR ALI BHUTTO, PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN AND BEGUM BHUTTO

February 4-7, 1975

Tuesday, February 4

3:00 p.m. His Excellency Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan, Begum Bhutto and their party will arrive at Andrews Air Force Base via•Special PIA flight.

3:30 p.m. Arrival at Blair House

Private evening.

Wednesday, February 5

10:30 a.m. President Ford will meet with Prime Minister Bhutto at the White House.

10:30 a.m. Begum Bhutto will visit the Hirshhorn Museum, Independence Avenue at 8th Street, South\1est.

She will be greeted by Mr. Abram Lerner, Director and Mr. Rosyle Ultan, Research Assistant, Curator­ ial Department.

1:00 p.m. The Secretary of State will host a working luncheon in honor of Prime Minister Bhutto at the Department of State, James Madison Room. 1:00 p.m. Mrs. Henry A. Kissinger will host a luncheon for Begum Bhutto at the Octagon House, ~i~~.New York Avenue, North- 4:00 p.m. Prime Minister Bhutto will meet with the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Room S-116, u.s. Capitol. S/CPR - Mary Masserini 632-0685

For f'ur'ther informa'tion conl'ac~: PR f 44

- 2 -

Wednesday, February 5 (continued)

8:00 p.m. The President of the United States and Mrs. Ford will give a dinner in honor of His Excellency the Prime Minister of Pakistan and Begum Bhutto.

Dress: Black tie.

Thursday, February 6

8:30 a.m. The Prime Minister will host a break­ fast-meeting for United States Senators at Blair House.

10:00 a.m. Prime Minister Bhutto will me~t with the House Foreign Affairs 1 Committee, Room H-2172, Rayburn Office Building.

10:30 a.m. Begum Bhutto will visit Planned Parenthood, 1109 M Street, Northwest.

1:00 p.m. Prime Minister Bhutto will have a private luncheon at Blair House.

1:00 p.m. Begum Bhutto will host a luncheon at the Embassy of Pakistan, 2343 S Street, Northwest.

Prime Minister Bhutto will receive the following at Blair House:

3:30 p.m. The Honorable James R. Schlesinger, Secretary of Defense.

5:00 p.m. The Honorable Nelson A. Rockefeller, Vice President of the United States. --

PR #44

- 3 -

Thursday, February 6 (continued)

7:30 p.m. His Excellency Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan and Begum Bhutto will host a dinner at the Shoreham AmericanaHotel, 2500 Calvert Street, Northwest.

Dress: Black tie.

Friday, February 7

9:45 a.m. Prime Minister Bhutto, Begum Bhutto and their party will arrive at: the Washington Monument Grounds for the Departure Ceremony.

10:00 a.m. Departure from Andrews Air Force Base for New York via PIA flight.

11:00 a.m. Arrival John F. Kennedy International Airport (General Aviation Terminal).

11:50 a.m. Arrival at Hotel Pierre, Fifth Avenue and 6lst Street.

Private afternoon and evening.

Saturday, February 8

Private morning.

1:00 p.m. The Mayor of the City of New York and Mrs. Beame will host a luncheon in honor of Prime Minister Bhutto and Begum Bhutto at Gracie Mansion.

Private afternoon.

8:30 p.m. His Excellency Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan, Begum Bhutto and their party will depart from John F. Kennedty International Ai:rport for Pakistan via special PIA aircraft.

* * * * * * * * * * * .. - - '

DEPARTMENT OF STATE Washington, D.C.

THE OFFICIAL VISIT TO WASHINGTON OF HIS EXCELLENCY ZULFIKAR ALI BHtITTO PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN AND BEGUM BHtITTO

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION FOR USE BY HOST ORGANIZATIONS

NAME AND TITLE: His Excellency Zulfikar Ali Bhutto The Prime Minister of Pakistan

Begum Nusrat Bhutto

FORM OF ADDRESS IN CONVERSATION: Your Excellency, Mr. Prime Minister, Mr. Minister Begum Bhutto

CORRESPONDENCE SALtITATION: Your Excellency: Dear Mr. Prime Minister:

CORRESPONDENCE COMPLIMENTARY CLOSE: Respectfully yours,

ENVELOPE ADDRESS: His Excellency Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Prime Minister of Pakistan Islamabad

IN HONOR OF LINES ON INVITATIONS: In Honor of His Excellency Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the Prime Minister of Pakistan

In Honor of His Excellency the Prime Minister of Pakistan and Begum Bhutto

PLACE CARDS: The Prime Minister of Pakistan

Begum Bhutto -2-

PRONUNCIATION: BOO-toe

NAME OF COUNTRY: Pakistan

LANGUAGE: Urdu. Both the Prime Minister and Begum Bhutto (as well as their party) speak fluent English.

RELIGION: Islam

DIET: Pork and shell-fish should not be served.

BEVERAGES: Alcoholic beverages may be served. The Prime Minister prefers Black Dog Scotch.

SMOKING: Prime Minister Bhutto smokes cigars.

TOASTS: The First Toast should be made by the host to: THE PRESIDENT OF PAKISTAN.

The Response Toast should be made to: THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.

Subsequent toasts) if any, may be made in declining order of precedence.

NATIONAL ATHEMS: It is not recommended that the National Anthems of the United and the visitor be played unless the sponsoring organi­ zation is confident that the orchestra is able to play them very well. It is not necessary to play the Anthems at strictly social functions or at formal luncheons and dinners, as awkward situations and inconveniences may result. It is not the custom in Washington, D.C. to play National Anthems at State Dinners or Luncheons. When the Anthems are played at events, it is customary to play the Anthem of the visitor's country first, then the National Anthem of the United States. -3-

FLAGS: When the flags of the United States and the visitor's country are used, consider the area where the flags are to be placed as a stage or focal point, then place the flag of the United States on the left as viewed from the audience, and the visitor's flag on the right. DEPARTMENT OF STATE Washington, D.C.

THE OFFICIAL VISIT TO WASHINGTON OF HIS EXCELLENCY ZULFIKAR ALI BHtrrTO PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN AND BEGUM BHtrrTO

PRONUNCIATION, FORM OF ADDRESS AND PLACE CARD INFORMATION

HIS EXCELLENCY ZULFIKAR ALI BHtrrTO The Prime Minister of Pakistan

Pronunciation: BOO-toe Form of Address: Your Excellency, Mr. Prime Minister Place Card: The Prime Minister of Pakistan

BEGUM NUSRAT BHtrrTO Wife of the Prime Minister

Pronunciation: BOO-toe Form of Address: Begum Bhutto Place Card: Begum Bhutto

HIS EXCELLENCY AZIZ AHMED, H.Pk., H.Q.A. Minister of State for Defense and Foreign Affairs

Pronunciation: AAH-med Form of Address: Your Excellency, Mr. Minister Place Card: His Excellency Aziz Ahmed

HIS EXCELLENCY MERAJ KHALID Minister for Law and Parliamentary Affairs

Pronunciation: KAH-lid Form of Address: Your Excellency, Mr. Minister Place Card: His Excellency Meraj Khalid -2-

MR. MURTAZA BHUTTO Son of the Prime Minister Pronunciation: BOO-toe Form of Address: Mr. Bhutto Place Card: Mr. Bhutto MISS SANAM BHT.ITTO Daughter of the Prime Minister Pronunciation: BOO-toe Form of Address: Miss Bhutto Place Card: Miss Bhutto MRS. SHAHEEN HANIF RAMAY Wife of the Chief Minister of the Province of Punjab

Pronunciation: Ha-NEEF Ra-MAY Form of Address: Mrs. Ramay Place Card: Mrs. Ramay MR. YUSUF BUCH Special Assistant to Prime Minister Pronunciation: BUH-ch Form of Address: Mr. Buch Place Card: Mr. Buch SENATOR (MRS.) SAMIA USMAN FATEH Pronunciation: FAH-teh Form of Address: Senator Fateh, Mrs. Fateh Place Card: Senator Fateh, Mrs. Fateh

MR, A. G. N. KAZI Secretary General, Finance and Economic Coordination Pronunciation: KAH-zee Form of Address Mr. Kazi Place Card: Mr. Kazi MR. AGHA SHAH! Foreign Secretary Pronunciation: SHAH-bee Form of Address: Mr. Shahi Place Card: Mr. Shahi -3-

HIS EXCELLENCY SAHABZADA YAgUB-KHAN Ambassador of Pakistan to the United States

Pronunciation: Ya-KOOB - KAHN Form of Address: Your Excellency, Mr. Ambassador Place Card: The Ambassador of Pakistan

BEGUM ~AgUB-KHAN Wife of the Ambassador of Pakistan

Pronunciation: Ya-KOOB • KAHN Form of Address: Begum Yaqub•Khan Place Card: Begum Yaqub-Khan

BRIGADIER IMTIAZ ALI Military Secretary to the Prime Minister Pronunciation: AH-lee Form of Address: Brigadier Ali Place Card: Brigadier Ali ba®round no-rE- Pakistan department of state * January 1975

OFFICIAL NAME: Islamic Republic of Pakistan

GEOGRAPHY AND PEOPLE Indus River and its tributaries which stan-Punjab, Sind, Northwest Fron­ form the fertile and intensely culti­ tier, and Baluchistan-plus several cen­ Pakistan, located in South Asia, vated Indus Valley. Generally, Paki­ trally administered tribal areas located extends from the Arabian Sea a thou­ stan has large plains and deserts as well in the Northwest. sand miles northward across the Thar as a northern mountainous area. Its The majority of people live around Desert and eastern plains to the Hindu climate is dry and hot near the coast Karachi in the Indus Valley, and along Kush and the foothills of the Hima­ but cool in the northeastern uplands. an arc formed by Lahore, Rawalpindi, layan Mountains. It is bounded by Annual rainfall averages less than 10 and Peshawar. Iran, Afghanistan, the disputed state inches, and temperatures range from Some 40 million Punjabis make up of Jammu and Kashmir, and India. below freezing to l 20°F. the dominant majority, with minori­ Flowing into the Arabian Sea are the There are four Provinces in Paki- ties of other Indo-Aryan peoples, as well as Iranians. Urdu, spoken as a PROFILE side; green field with white crescent and first language by only 9 percent of star in center. Pakistanis, is the official language Geography Economy along with English; 65 percent of Paki­ stanis speak Punjabi, 11 percent Sindhi, AREA: 307,374 sq. mi. (about the size GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP): 24 percent' other languages (Pushtu, of Calif.). CAPITAL: Islamabad (pop. $7.6 billion (FY 1974). ANNUAL 250,000). OTHER CITIES: Karachi (pop. GROWfH RATE: 5.6% (FY 1974). PER Baluchi, Brahui). Punjabi, fushtu, and 3.5 million), Lahore (pop. 2.1 million). CAPITA INCOME: $ll0. PER CAPITA Baluchi are of the Indo-European lan­ GROWfH RATE: 2.6%. guage group; Brahui is a Dravidian People AGRICULTURE: Land 24% (does not language. include one-third of land for which no data POPULATION: 70 million (1974 est.). available). Labor 59%. Products-wheat, cot­ ANNUAL GROWTH RATE: About 3% HISTORY ton, rice. (1973). DENSITY: 227 per sq. mi. ETIINIC INDUSTRY: Labor 12%. Products­ The forces which generated the con­ GROUPS: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushtun (Pa­ cotton textiles, fertilizer, cement, iron, cept of Pakistan as an independent na­ than), Baluchi. RELIGIONS: Muslim (96%), steel, tires, electrical goods. small minorities of Christians, Hindus: and tion for the large Muslim population NATURAL RESOURCES: Land, exten­ others. LANGUAGES: Urdu (official), of the Indian subcontinent stem di­ sive natural gas, limited petroleum, poor English, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushtu, B11luchi. rectly from developments in British quality coal, iron ore. LITERACY: 17%. LIFE EXPECTANCY: India in the first half of the 20th cen­ TRADE (FY 1974): Exports-$1.04 bil­ 51 yrs. tury. Indirectly, however, they go lion: rice, raw cotton, yarn, textiles, light back hundreds of years. Government manufactured products. Partners-Far East 35%, European Communities (EC) 23%, Muslim sailors reached the coast of TYPE: Parliamentary. INDEPEND­ Middle East 19%, U.S. 5%. lmports-$1.37 Sind early in the 7th century, and ENCE: August 14, 1947. DATE OF CON­ billion: capital goods, raw m.iterials, food Muslims made a temporary conquest STITUTION: August 14, 1973. grains, consumer items. Partners-EC 25%, of Sind early in the 8th century. Be­ BRANCHES: Executive-President U.S. 25%, Far East 21%, Middle East 12%. tween the 11th and 18th centuries suc­ (Chief of State), Prime Minister (Head of OFFICIAL EXCHANGE RATE: 9.9 cessive Afghan and Turkish invaders Government). Legislative-National Assem­ rupees=US$ l. gradually spread their authority across bly, Senate (indirect election). Judicia/­ ECONOMIC AID RECEIVED: Total most of northern India. Although Supreme Court. $9.4 billion. U.S. only-$4.5 billion (since large numbers of Indians were con­ POLITICAL PARTIES: Pakistan Peo­ 1951). ple's Party, National Awami Party, and MEMBERSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL verted to Islam during this long period others loosely allied in United Democratic ORGANIZATIONS: U.N., CENTO, Re­ of Muslim rule, Muslims remained a Front. SUFFRAGE: Universal adult over gional Cooperation for Development (RCD), minority. Islamic influence reached as 18. POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS: 4 Prov­ Asian Development Bank (ADB), Inter· far east as Bengal but never penetrated inces, tribal areas, federal capital. national Development Association (IDA), deeply into south India, which re­ FLAG: White vertical stripe on hoist International Court of Justice, INTELSAT. mained predominantly Hindu. 3

an interim government. Finally, in in an indirect election during the win~ the 162 seats allotted to East Pakistan June 1947, the British Government de­ ter of 1959-60 and was sworn in on and a majority in the National Assem­ PAKISTAN clared that it would grant full domin­ February 17, 1960, for a 5-year term. bly. Its platform emphasized a high - International boundary ion status to two successor states­ Martial law was withdrawn on June degree of provincial autonomy and a India, and for the Muslims seeking a 8, 1962, and the new National Assem­ central government controlling only ® National capital separate nation, Pakistan. Pakistan was bly convened in accordance with a defense, foreign affairs, and (possibly) -Railroad to consist of the contiguous Muslim­ new constitution promulgated by Pres­ currency. West Pakistan's majority ---Road majority areas of British India; Bengal ident Ayub on March 23, 1962. party, the Pakistan People's Party, led and the Punjab were to be partitioned; The first Presidential election under by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, won 81 of the ---- Trackortrail and the princely state$ were to be free the 1962 constitution took place in West's allotted 138 seats. Moreover, it to accede to either dominion. The re­ January 1965, with President Ayub re­ stood for an "effective" center with lQO 290 Miles y I I I , I sult was a bifurcated Pakistan, East elected for another 5-year term. He some devolution of power to the ~Kllom•t•ra 0 16o and West, separated by the breadth of did not complete his term, however, Provinces but less than the Awami India, a distance of more than 1,000 and relinquished the Presidency on League wanted. air miles. Pakistan thus became a self­ March 25, 1969, following several The inability of the key political governing dominion within the Com­ months of political agitation in both personalities to agree on a division of monwealth of Nations on August 14, East and West Pakistan. The constitu­ powers between the central govern­ 1947. tion of 1962 was suspended, martial ment and the Provinces led to a break­ law was aga~n imposed, and Gen. A.M. down in the political process and trig­ Post-Partition Yahya Khan, Commander in Chief of gered the East Pakistan crisis. On The partition of India, particularly the Army, took over as Chief Martial March 25-26, 1971, the Pakistan mili­ the Punjab, was accompanied by com­ Law Administrator. On April l, 1969, tary banned the Awami League, ar­ munal rioting with the loss of tens of he assumed the Presidency. rested Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and thousands of lives. Some 6 million Prior to relinquishing his office, charged him with treason. Muslims fled to Pakistan and a like President Ayub had met with opposi­ In response, the remainder of the number of Hindus and Sikhs to India. tion political leaders of the East and Awami League leadership proclaimed The death of Jinnah in 1948 and West and agreed to abandon the 1962 the independence of East Pakistan on the assassination in 1951 of his politi­ constitution's indirect election process March 26 in the name of "People's cal successor, Prime Minister Liaquat and replace it with direct universal Republic of Bangladesh" and later Ali Khan, deprived Pakistan of its two adult suffrage. At the same time, he established a government-in-exile at most able leaders and dealt a serious agreed to the modification of the gov­ Calcutta, India. An insurgent fighting blow to the nation's political develop­ ernment's structure from an executive­ force called the Mukti Bahini (Libera­ ment. The political instability which dominated federal system to a parlia­ tion Forces) was formed and fought followed brought frequent partisan re­ mentary system, but these concessions the Pakistani Army in East Pakistan. alignments and cabinet changes in the were not implemented prior to the im­ More than 9 million Bengalis fled the central government as well as in the position of martial law. Under Presi­ turbulent regions of East Pakistan and Provinces. After 1954 the situation dent Yahya, however, the martial law were cared for in the refugee camps in was aggravated by gradual economic authorities stated their intent to re­ India. By late fall 1971 the Mukti 24 __ ARABIAN deterioration. store constitutional rule when internal Bahini, supported by India but operat­ -----r----- On March 23, 1956, following the political conditions had stabilized. ing throughout East Pakistan, was reg­ SEA adoption by the National Assembly of Full political activity was allowed ularly harassing the Pakistani Army, a new constitution, Pakistan ceased to to resume on January l, 1970, and by now comprised exclusively of sol­ 64 be a dominion and became a sovereign elections were held the following De­ diers from the West and viewed as an 514210 9-72 Pakistan and Partition "Islamic Republic" within the Com­ cember for a National Assembly and army of occupation. During the late By the last half of the 18th century the goal already accepted by leaders monwealth of Nations. legislatures for Pakistan's five Prov­ summer and fall, India-Pakistan ten­ Great Britain began to assume control of the Indian National Congress-self­ In 1958 a group of senior military inces (East Pakistan and the four in sions mounted until full-scale fighting government for India within the frame­ The idea of Pakistan as a separate of India, and by 1850 it controlled di­ Muslim nation to be created by a parti­ officers, who previously had avoided the West). The 313-member Assembly broke out in both the East and West rectly or indirectly the entire sub­ work of the British Empire. However, direct political involvement, took con­ was to have responsibility for adopting on December 3. the Congress and the League were un­ tion of India developed in the l 930's. continent. After a century of British m 1940 the All-India Muslim League, trol of the nation's affairs. On Octo­ the constitution establishing the legal The Pakistani Army in East Paki­ able to agree on a formula for the pro­ rule Muslim and Hindu leaders began led by Mohammed Ali Jinnah, offi­ ber 7, 1958, President Iskander Mirza, framework for a new civilian govern­ stan was rapidly overwhelmed and on to ~gitate for an effective voice in tection of Muslim religious and eco­ supported by the Army Commander in ment. December 16, 1971, approximately nomic rights and representation in cially endorsed the goal of establishing Indian affairs. The Indian National Chief, Gen. Ayub Khan, and other The major unresolved issue was the 91,000 troops, paramilitary and civil­ an independent Indian government. Pakistan as a homeland for the Mus­ Congress, organized in 1885, ~as the senior officers, proclaimed a "peaceful question of the role of East Pakistan ians, surrendered to the combined Mounting tension over the question of lims of the subcontinent. first Indian forum through which the revolution" and imposed martial law. in the reconstituted civilian govern­ forces of India and Bangladesh. On Hindu-Muslim relationships, coupled At the end of World War II the United Kingdom was petitioned for a United Kingdom took steps to grant Gen. Ayub, who was appointed ment. East Pakistanis maintained that December 17 Pakistan agreed to an greater degree of home rule, but the with widespread disappointment at the Chief Martial Law Administrator and they had been underrepresented in the Indian cease-fire proposal for the west­ limited extent of British reforms, led India independence. But the Indian Congress included few Muslims. National Congress and the All-India Supreme Commander of the Armed central government and denied their ern theater. President Yahya stepped To present their position more ef­ to a series of bitter communal disturb­ Forces, assumed the presidency with share of central government revenues. down December 20, and was replaced ances which recurred in India at inter­ Muslim League were unable to agree fectively, a number of Muslim leaders ( the resignation of Mirza on October The A wami League Party under as President and Chief Martial Law vals from 1920 until the outbreak of on the terms for drafting a constitu­ formed the All-India Muslim League in tion or on the method for establishing 27, 1958. He was confirmed in office Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, won 160 of Administrator by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, 1906 and in 1913 formally adopted World War II. 4 5

head of the Pakistan People's Party, elements. In April 1972, under in­ The constitution permits a vote of difficult balance-of-payments problem. pacity in 1972 was estimated at 2,090 Nonetheless, the worldwide price in­ the majority party of West Pakistan. creasing pressure to return to demo­ no-confidence by a majority of the ( ( Gross national product (GNP) in FY megawatts. flation has pushed imports up very 1974 is estimated at $7 .6 billion. (The The problems facing the Bhutto cratic rule, Bhutto convened the first Assembly, provided that the name of rapidly, increasing 7 5 percent from FY government were extraordinary, not directly elected National Assembly in a successor is included in the no­ GNP and per capita income are based The Indus Basin 1973 to FY 1974. least of which were the shock and the history of Pakistan and lifted mar­ confidence motion. In an unusual on recent Government of Pakistan esti­ The largest canal-irrigated area in Despite the loss of its eastern wing, demoralization caused by the decisive tial law; an interim constitution was variation of parliamentary government, mates and an official conversion rate the world is being further developed in Pakistan's export earnings reached an defeat suffered by the armed forces adopted. Bhutto's subsequent inaugu­ for a period of 10 years, the vote of a of Rupees 9 .9 = US$ I.) the Indus Basin, lying mostly in Paki­ alltime high of $1.04 billion in FY But Pakistan does have adequate re­ and the secession of over half the pop­ ration to the Presidency as leader of member of the National Assembly cast stan and partly in India. In 1947, at 1974, up more than 28 percent from sources to develop a viable economy. ulation that had originally opted for a Pakistan's democratically elected ma­ in support of a motion of no-confidence the time of partition, the waters of the FY 1973. Rice exports accounted for The country boasts one of the largest South Asian Muslim homeland in jority party ended 16 years of military shall be disregarded if it is contrary to Indus system were divided giving India much of the increase. Under a new irrigation systems in the world, fed by 1947. governments. the votes of a majority of the political control of the upstream reaches of government program, a concerted ef­ the Indus River. The river system also The new civilian regime moved de­ In May 1972 the four Provincial as­ party of which he is a member. most of the rivers. By 1960, a settle­ fort is be,ing made to diversify exports, powers a number of large hydroelec­ cisively on several broad fronts to re­ semblies met and elected governments Two lists-federal and concurrent­ ment was negotiated with Pakistan and and the export of light manufactured tric stations. A limited amount of store confidence in the nation's leader­ under the leadership of Chief Minis­ specify jurisdiction on legislative sub­ India under the auspices of the Inter­ products is becoming increasingly natural gas is being exploited. How­ ship. In foreign affairs, Bhutto has ters, appointed by the President but jects, and all residual powers are vested national Bank for Reconstruction and important. Principal sales markets are ( ( ever, the backbone of the economy is affirmed and strengthened traditional commanding the confidence of the in the Provinces. Provincial governors Development (IBRD) and presented as the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, still its arable land which, under inten­ friendships while beginning an im­ majority of the provincial assemblies. are appointed by the President, on the the Indus Waters Treaty. The arrange­ Japan, and the United States. Exports portant process of reconciliation with In Baluchistan and the Northwest advice of the Prime Minister but act on sive agro practices, is expected to make ment allocated the waters of the three to the United States in FY 1974 India. Domestically, a rather sweeping Frontier Provinces, the new govern­ the advice of the Chief Ministers who the nation self-sufficient in food grain western rivers to Pakistan and the amounted to $54.6 million, primarily program of nationalization was in­ ments were a coalition of the National head the Provincial parliaments. within the next few years. waters of the three eastern rivers to textiles. stituted, followed by a period of re­ Awami Party (NAP) and the Jamiatul­ The highest court in Pakistan is the India. Under the terms of the settle­ On the import side, the United States is the leading supplier of goods trenchment and careful concentration Ulema-Islam (JUI) parties and in oppo­ Supreme Court; its justices are ap­ Agriculture and Natural Resources ment, Pakistan has constructed an ex­ on development of the country's sition to President Bhutto's PPP. pointed by the President. The highest tensive system of dams (including to Pakistan, selling an average of about Pakistan's most important natural substantial agricultural potential. The These opposition governments were court in each Province is the High Tarbela, the world's largest earthfill $270 million annually for the past resource is its land; agriculture ac­ constitutional order has been returned dismissed by Bhutto in February 1973 Court with justices also appointed by dam), link canals, and barrages. several years, or about one quarter of counts for almost 45 percent of the the nation's average foreign purchases. to the earlier parliamentary form of and Presidential rule was established in the President. In an April 1972 deci­ These irrigation projects, to be com­ national income. Cotton, raw and Many U.S. sales are funded through government and the federal system, the two Provinces. PPP-dominated co­ sion, the Supreme Court found the pleted in the next few years, are being processed, contributes more than 50 AID loans to Pakistan. including four Provinces, affirmed. alition governments were subsequently martial law regime of ex-President financed partially .by contributions percent of the country's exports. The political and economic recov­ formed in both Baluchistan and the Yahya Khan (March 1969 to Decem­ from the IBRD, the United States, and Through the construction of large irri­ Foreign Economic Assistance ery achieved since 1971 under Bhut­ Northwest Frontier, thus bringing all ber 1971) to have been illegal and a ( ( several other friendly governments. gation facilities and active land recla­ to's vigorous leadership has been both four provincial governments under PPP usurpation of power. Contributions from foreign sources for Since 1952 more than $9 billion in mation projects, production of food solid and impressive. control. this ambitious project are expected to economic assistance has been com­ A draft of a new permanent consti­ grain and cotton is now carried out on mitted to Pakistan by all foreign large areas of land which were previ­ exceed $1.3 billion (of which the tution was presented in December Principal Government Officials United States is contributing about sources, with the U.S. share being 1972 to the National Assembly sitting ously arid and barren. more than $4.5 billion, including $1. 7 President-Fazal Elahi Chaudhry half), by the time work is completed. as the Constituent Assembly. Under Rice production in 1974 sliould billion worth of Public Law 480 (Food the constitution, which entered into Prime Minister, Minister of Defense, reach 2.5 million metric tons, while for Peace) agricultural commodities. GOVERNMENT AND force August 14, 1973, Pakistan has a Foreign Affairs, and Atomic En­ 1974 wheat production is estimated at Industry U.S. assistance to Pakistan in FY 1975 POLITICAL CONDITIONS strong central, and parliamentary form ergy-Zulfikar Ali Bhutto 7 .6 million metric tons. This produc­ There was little organized industry will exceed $200 million, including .Ambassador to the u.s.-- tion record was attributable largely to Pakistan, an Islamic republic, has of government. It provides for a Presi­ Sahabzada Yaqub Khan in Pakistan at the time of independ- $80 million in development assistance, been engaged in an evolution of its dent as Ceremonial Chief-of-State, pres­ in creased use of high-yield seeds, ence in 194 7. In the late l 950's and $40 million in debt rescheduling, $30 governmental form since the end of ently Fazal Elahi Chaudhry, elected by Ambassador to the U.N.-lqbal A. A. though unfavorable weather and in­ l 960's a rapid expansion of light in- million in Public Law 480 commodi­ the December 1971 war. As a direct both the Senate and National As~em­ Akhund adequate fertilizer distribution dis­ dustry took place. New plants were ties, and $50 million through multilat­ appointed hopes for an even larger and immediate result of the military bly of the bicameral legislature. The Pakistan maintains an Embassy in established, generally based on local eral programs, particularly the Indus wheat harvest. Rice and cotton pro­ defeat in East Pakistan and the cease­ Head of Government, however, is a the United States at 2315 Massachu­ ( ( raw materials (e.g., fertilizers, textiles). Basin irrigation projects. duction have doubled in the past fire with India in the West, Gen. Prime Minister, presently Zulfikar Ali setts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D. C. Presently industrial production ac- Current Economic Situation decade. Yahya Khan on December 20, 1971, Bhutto, elected by a majority of the 20008. counts for about 15 percent of GNP turned over control of the Govern­ National Assembly. The nation's known minerals are and is increasing. Despite inflation running at 25 per­ limited and include small amounts of cent annually and a 1974 price down­ ment of Pakistan to Zulfikar Ali The National Assembly (210 seats ECONOMY Bhutto, leader of the majority Paki­ comprised of 200 members elected petroleum (supplying 15 percent of turn for its export leaders, Pakistan Foreign Trade stan People's Party (PPP). For the by universal, adult-18 years old­ Pakistan bears the usual burdens of local needs) and poor quality coal and has weathered the current inter­ next several months Bhutto, continu­ suffrage, plus 10 seats reserved for a developing country-low per capita iron ore. Reserves of natural gas are Pakistan's imports are characteris­ national economic uncertainties rather ing to govern under martial law, tried women) must stand for election every income (about US$110 in FY 1974), extensive and are used as fuel for tic of developing nations and consist well. The balance-of-payments situa­ to bolster the morale of the Pakistani 5 years, unless dissolved sooner. The large and growing population, rigid, i power stations and as the basic raw mainly of capital goods for develop­ tion is likely, however, to get worse in people shocked by military defeat and Senate consists of 63 members in­ highly stratified traditional society, material for the country's latest chem­ ment efforts, industrial raw materials, early 197 5 as the full impact of the the loss of half of their nation. Nu­ directly elected by the provincial as­ minimal level of literacy and other ic al fertilizer plants. Copper and food grains, and a limited amount of trade gap is felt. A $580 million soft merous military leaders were dis­ semblies and tribal councils for 4 needed skills, archl;lic educational sys­ phosphate may be commercially ex­ consumer items. loan over 197 5-77 from Iran and a missed, several social and economic years, with half the members up for re­ tem, predominantly agricultural econ­ ploited in the next few years. Since 1971 the government has at­ long-term debt rescheduling of $650 reforms were enacted, and the civil election every 2 years. The Senate is omy of small farms primitively culti­ I Electric power production is in­ tempted to curtail imports, in part by million in 1975-79 maturities will help service was purged of alleged corrupt not subject to dissolution. vated, inadequate infrastructure, and creasing significantly. Production ca- devaluating the rupee by 110 percent. ease the transition. 7 6 4 for what could in time permit the Pakistan made a conscious effort READING LIST Pakistan crisis of 1971 the most sensi­ proximately 700 Indian POW's held by development of a more constructive to strengthen Pakistan-U .S.S.R. ties he TRAVEL NOTES relationship. through the exchange of various cul­ th tive issue was that of the status of the Pakistan;more than 5,000 square miles ( These titles are provided as a general former princely states of Jammu and of Pakistan occupied by the Indian tural and trade groups and high-level indication of the material currently be· Climate and Clothing-lightweight Kashmir. Army, versus less than 100 square Afghanistan delegations. Trade between the two ing published on this country. The De­ gc clothing for the hot, dry summer (mon· countries increased between 1966 and partment of State does not endorse the At the end of World War II Kashmir miles of India held by Pakistani forces; Relations in the past have been le; soon rains in July·August); medium· 1971, and the U.S.S.R. continued to specific views in unofficial publications weight clothing appropriate for winter. had a population which was 77 per­ and India in an unquestionably supe­ complicated by the longstanding con­ de provide economic aid to Pakistan. as representing the position of the U.S. cent Muslim but was ruled by a Hindu rior military position in South Asia. troversy over the "Pushtunistan" issue. Government. df Health-Adequate medical facilities in With the beginning of the East maharajah. When the maharajah hesi­ In search for a settlement to result­ The basis for this controversy was the ar major cities. Pharmacies capable of meet· Pakistan crisis in March 1971, how­ tated to accede to either of the new ing problems, then President Bhutto establishment of the "Durand Line" Abbott, Freeland. Islam and Pak· ul ing most prescription needs. Smallpox ever, relations between Pakistan and immunization required. Cholera and dominions in 1947, some of his Muslim met with Prime Minister Gandhi at (1893) following the second Anglo­ istan. Ithaca: Cornell University Si the Soviet Union cooled as the result typhoid immunization and malaria sup­ subjects revolted against his rule and Simla in July 1972. Both parties Afghan war. In effect, the line di­ Press, 1968. 1~ of the latter's criticism of Pakistan. pressants recommended. were supported by armed tribesmen hoped that the meeting might end an vided the territory inhabited by the American University. Area Hand· From the Pakistani viewpoint, the from Pakistani territory. The Hindu era of confrontation and initiate one Pushtun tribes-part went to Afghani­ book for Pakistan. Washington, ci: Telecommunications-Good internal and Indian-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, adequate external telephone, telegraph, maharajah thereupon offered to ac­ of peace in the subcontinent. Agree­ stan and part to India. The partition D.C.: U.S. Government Printing st Peace, and Cooperation, signed in and ptail service. cede to India in return for military as­ ment was reached providing for the of India and transfer of political au­ Office, 1971. sb August 1971, was in large part di­ sistance to repel the invaders. India withdrawal of forces from occupied thority over the Pushtuns along the Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali. The Myth of af Transportation-Adequate railroad trans· rected against Pakistan. Recognition accepted the accession on the condi­ territories, delineation of the line of frontier to the successor Government Independence. Karachi: Oxford fr portation. The public bus system is poor. of Bangladesh by the U.S.S.R. early Excellent airlines (PIA). Highways are tion that Kashmir's ultimate status control in Kashmir, and the settlement of Pakistan precipitated the issue. The University Press, 1969. p< in 1972 further strained Pakistan­ generally crowded. would depend upon the expressed will of future disputes by peaceful means Afghans vigorously protested the in­ Brown, W. Norman. United States Ir U.S. S. R. relations. of the people. In the fighting that fol­ through bilateral negotiations. An im­ clusion of Pushtun areas within the and India, Pakistan, Bangladesh. pl Visas-Americans may obtain a tourist Development and maintenance of lowed, Indian troops were able to gain passe then ensued, largely over the borders of Pakistan without giving the Cambridge: Harvard University st visa for stay of up to 30 days and a good relations with the Soviet Union, transit visa for period of up to 15 days at control of the eastern part of Kashmir, issues of repatriation of the Pakistani Pushtuns the opportunity to opt for Press, 1972. tr however, remain an important concern ports of entry. The land border with including the Valley of Kashmir and POW's held in India and recognition of either self-determination or inclusion Chaudhri, Mohammed Asan. Pak­ 0 of Pakistan's foreign policy, and since lnrua is open at Wagah (between Lahore the capital city of Srinagar. Bangladesh by Pakistan. Solutions to in Afghanistan. Pakistan regards the istan and the Great Powers. Sl coming to power Prime Minister and Amritsar) daily from 9 a.m. to 4 India took its dispute with Pakistan the humanitarian problems were thus Durand Line as an established inter­ Karachi: Council for Pakistan C< Bhutto has twice visited Moscow in p.m. Pakistan requires a "road permit" over Kashmir to the United Nations on deadlocked for nearly 20 months after national border confirmed by succes­ Studies, 1970. tc pursuit of this objective. for the crossing. India requires that all January l, 1948, and a year later the the conclusion of the war. sive Afghan rulers and takes the posi­ Department of State. Current In­ g< cars be covered by an international United Nations succeeded in arranging On August 28, 1973, the represent­ tion that Afghan claims to an interest formation Supplement: India, in "carnet de passage." a cease-fire along a line roughly divid­ atives of the Governments of India and in the status of the people in the area Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Wash­ Pakistan agreed to the simultaneous People's Republic of China ington, D.C.: U.S. Government e1 ing the state in half but leaving the constitute interference in its internal repatriation of all but 19 5 Pakistani Printing Office, rev. April 1973. t<: On the domestic side, there is con­ Vale of Kashmir and a majority of the affairs. Pakistan recognized the People's tinuing concern over the lack of pri­ population under Indian control. The POW's from India, all Bengalis from Feldman, Herbert. From Crisis to sci The issue resulted in the closure of Republic of China in 1950, following vate investment in the wake of the following years saw a series of minor Pakistan, and a "substantial number" the Pakistan-Afghanistan border from the example of other Commonwealth Crisis; Pakistan, 1962-69. Lon­ 1972-73 nationalizations. A late-1974 skirmishes and firefights along the of non-Bengalis (Biharis) from Bangla­ 1961-63 and has strained relations be­ nations, and diplomatic relations were don: Oxford University Press, water shortage (and resulting diminu­ cease-fire line. The Kashmir dispute desh. With Pakistani recognition of tween the two countries periodically established the next year. Relations 1972. tion of hydroelectric generating led to full-scale hostilities in Septem­ Bangladesh in February 1974, the since then. On the other hand, land­ have, in general, been cordial. Jahan, Rounaq. Pakistan: Failure in capacity) has raised the possibility of ber 1965, which were brought to an stage was set for the "Tripartite Agree­ locked Afghanistan's reliance on Paki­ Relations grew much closer follow· National Integration. New York: G serious crop shortfalls; if this mate­ end after 3 weeks through the efforts ment" in April under which the re­ stan for trade outlets through the port ing the Sino-Indian hostilities of 1962. Columbia University Press, p1 rializes, there could be major domestic of the U .N. Security Council. The maining 195 Pakistani POW's, against of Karachi and land routes to the sub­ A boundary agreement was signed at 1972. price/supply difficulties and even leaders of India and Pakistan met at whom war crimes had been lodged by continent has the potential for a co­ Peking on March 2, 1963. Trade, eco­ Siddiqui, Kalim. Conflict, Crisis and worse impact on the foreign trade sit­ Tashkent, in the Soviet Union, in Jan­ Bangladesh, were returned, and pro­ operative relationship between the two nomic, cultural, and civil air agree­ War. New York: Praeger, 1972. uation. Efforts to spur agricultural uary 1966 for a summit conference. visions for resettlement of Biharis in neighbors. ments have also been concluded. In Stern, Joseph and Walter Falcon. development, including expansion of The resulting Tashkent Declaration Pakistan were refined. recent years, agreements for extensive Growth and Development in Soviet Union Pakistan: 1955-1969. Cam­ a1 domestic fertilizer manufacturing and provided for the return to the status The "Simla Process" of step-by-step military assistance have been negoti­ bridge: Harvard University Press, d1 improved irrigation practices and sup­ quo in Kashmir and for the peaceful normalization between India and ( Pakistan's relations with the ated between Pakistan and the People's ' 1970. fi ply (including completion of Tarbela) settlement of differences between the Pakistan has continued to produce U.S.S.R. have traditionally been cor­ Republic of China. Prime Minster y could improve the short-term outlook. two countries. Six years and another constructive results. Agreement was rect, but Pakistan's membership in the Bhutto visited Peking in 1972 and Ziring, Lawrence. The Ayub Khan Era. Syracuse: Syracuse Univer­ tl A hoped-for gain in cotton exports war later, however, the Kashmir issue reached in September 1974 on restora­ Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) again in May 1974 and has received sity Press, 197 L rr would also relieve some of the pay· continues as a major point of dispute. tion of postal and telecommunications and the support given by the Soviet assurances of continued substantial B ments pressure. Actions of the Pakistani Army in links and on measures to facilitate Union to India and Bangladesh during economic assistance. There have been st East Pakistan in 1971, which prompted travel. The negotiators also agreed to the 1971 crisis have inhibited the de­ numerous other visits by high-ranking U.S.·PAKISTAN RELATIONS early talks on aviation questions (over­ velopment of close relations. Soviet officials of both governments. Because n FOREIGN RELATIONS the flight of approximately 9 million ir refugees into India, ultimately led to flight rights and bilateral air links). A sponsorship of the Tashkent meet­ of the military, political, and diplo­ Diplomatic relations between the t< Relations between India and Paki· full-scale warfare. Indian recognition November protocol authorized re­ ing after the September 1965 lndo­ matic support extended to Pakistan by United States and Pakistan were es­ p stan reflect a centuries-old Hindu­ of Bangladesh in. December 197 l establishment of trade relations start­ Pakistan hostilities was seen by many China, Pakistan considers good re­ tablished in 1947. With the extension ti Muslim rivalry and a mutual suspicion brought a severanc-e of diplomatic re­ ing December 7, 1974. Difficult Pakistanis as a sign that the U.S.S.R. lations with the People's Republic of of U.S. military and economic aid to n which led in 194 7 to the creation of lations. The end of the fighting found problems and deep suspicion continue wished to develop closer relations China as an essential element of its Pakistan in 19 54 and its subsequent n the two states. Many issues divide India in possession of approximately to divide these traditional adversaries, with Pakistan. Following Tashkent, current foreign policy. participation in CENTO and SEATO, rt India and Pakistan, but until the East 91,000 Pakistani POW's, versus ap- but a hopeful new basis has been laid St 8

relations between the two countries a U.N. cease-fire resolution were wel­ The importance of increased agricul­ · became very close. In 1962, when the comed by Pakistan. tural production has been st{essed United States provided some military The arms embargo was modified in with good results. The United States aid to India following the outbreak of March 1973 to permit the sale to India is hopeful that the spirit of coopera­ fighting between the P.R.C. and India, and Pakistan, on a cash basis only, of tion achieved by Prime Minister Bhutto Pakistani public opinion, fearing the nonlethal military supplies (such as and Prime Minister Gandhi in their use of these arms against Pakistan, transportation or communications summit meeting at Simla in July 1972 became increasingly critical of Pak­ equipment) as well as spare parts and will mark the beginning of a new era istan's close relationship with the ammunition for previously supplied of peace for the Subcontinent. United States. Simultaneously the U.S. equipment. The U.S. supply of The United -States has provided government began to develop a closer lethal equipment (such as fighter­ more than $200 million in relief and relationship with the People's Re­ bomber aircraft, tanks, missiles, artil­ economic assistance to Pakistan since public of China. Criticism of the lery) continues to be embargoed for the end of the December 1971 war, United States increased with the sus­ both India and Pakistan under the and has made clear to the government pension of U.S. military and economic March 1973 policy. In the years since and people of Pakistan that U.S. con­ assistance to Pakistan and India after the war, the United States has offered cern for their well-being and security the outbreak of hostilities between Pakistan some $500 million to assist in will continue. U.S. policy toward them in 1965. rebuilding its economy. The serious Pakistan, as toward the other nations Following a low point in late 1965, floods of August 197 3 necessitated of South Asia, is to assist it in the relations between the United States additional relief and economic assist­ structuring of regional peace and sta­ and Pakistan gradually improved with ance which the United States, together bility so that the 700 million people the resumption of economic assistance with other countries, has endeavored of the Subcontinent may have an op­ and modification in the arms embargo to meet. In addition, a debt resched­ portunity to fashion a strong and pro­ to permit sale of some military items, uling has also been negotiated to ease ductive future. primarily spare parts for equipment Pakistan's payments situation. previously supplied to Pakistan. The U.S. Policy visits of President Nixon to Pakistan in Principal U.S. Officials July 1969 and then-President Yahya to U.S. policy seeks to encourage the United States in November 1970, peaceful and stable relationships and Ambassador-Henry A. Byroade provided opportunities for friendly , the peaceful settlement of differences Deputy Chief of Mission-Hobart N. discussions between the two Chiefs of among all South Asian countries. As Luppi State and for further improvement of President Nixon stated in his foreign Defense Representative-Col. Howard relations between the United States policy report of May 1973, "The cohe­ G. Clayville and Pakistan. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto sion and stability of Pakistan are of Director, U.S. AID Mission-Joseph C. visited Washington briefly in Decem­ critical importance to the structure of Wheeler ber 1971 just prior to assuming his peace in South Asia. Encouragement Public Affairs Officer (USIS)-Peter F. position of President and Chief Martial of turmoil within nations on the sub­ Brescia Law Administrator and again in Sep­ continent can bring not only the Counselor for Economic Affairs-J. tember 1973 as Prime Minister. devastation of civil and international Bruce Amstutz As a result of the 1971 political war, but the involvement of outside Counselor for Political Affairs­ crisis in East Pakistan, the United powers. This is the basis of America's Howard B. Schaffer States curtailed its economic assistance interest in helping Pakistan now con­ Consul General, Karachi-M. Gordon (except relief assistance) and again solidate its integrity as a nation." Tiger embargoed the shipment of military To that end the United States has Consul General, Lahore-William supplies to both India and Pakistan. provided large-scale technical and eco­ Spengler However, the quiet efforts of the nomic assistance to Pakistan, including Consul, Peshawar-Stockwell Everts United States to achieve a political programs designed to help provide the The U.S. Embassy in Pakistan is solution to the crisis and, once fight­ foreign exchange necessary to imple­ located at 18 6th Street, Ramna 5, ing broke out, U.S. efforts to achieve ment the country's development plans. Islamabad.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 7748 Revised January 1975 Office of Media Services Bureau of Public Affairs BILLY TAYLO.

BILLY T.AYLOlt, plaalet, cempo••r. lectu'el', l'&dlo aad tele'fieloa P•l'•... lhf, l• oae el dae mo•t P•P•lar Ja•• muelclau la the world 1841ay.

Bora la OreeaaYllle, Nerdl Carollaa, Dr. Taylol' te1aa hl• m••lcal edacatloa at the •1• of aetta la vt a•t.lastea, D. C. • ••• 1radu.. d frem .,. Vt.1ta1a State C.U•1•· Later daey taeaored blm wlth a Doctorate la Mule. Two day• after 1wllu'I a 1rad9aUea Illa career 1te1aa wttla th• Bea elaater 0..rtet.

rlter of three ta111ldred aoq• aad ••thor of twel,,. 1H»olut, Dr. Tayler al•• l• aa arttc.iate epokeemaa for Ja••· lecart.c at -lnraltl•• a• ~la~ •chGOla ar~ the c_u,. U••r•taadl• aat J••• la Amel' lea•• clae1lcal mule, Dr. T&Jl•r "•• doae mach to •u•r• dae reps&atlea of J••• dlr... he•t the werl4. Bllly Tayler woa DowalMat Ma1aslae'• awarcl for beat plaalat la tbell' flret .....1 Crltk'• Poll, he waa Vlce Pre•ldeat of th• Natloaal Aca4emy of aecordla1 Arn aad Sci•••• aad Ila• ••r"4 la aa ad'Wleery capacltf '° the Llacela Ceater for dae Pel'fonnlq Arte. Dr. Ta1ler l• a memlHtr el the Board el Directer• ef the "•wpol't laaa Feetlftl. die Harlem C .ita.ral CCM111Cll. tile Amerlcaa Society of Cempeeere, A•tt.ere t.ad Pullallel'a, aad Preeldeat el JaaamobUe whlcb pre.We• free e•ac•rh &o cW.tal'ally depl'IYed areaa, aad la a memlaer .t dae Natleaal CCMlllCll oa the Arte.

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AddlU-lly: Waa Maalcal Collod•ctor fer dae •J.. k•ted Ilarid F l'o•t T eleYla loa Aew. Cureau, Mulcal Coad•tor fer NET'• Black JovMl. rlte• ep.clal material fer Se•ame Street aad Electric Compaay. Plau to c.mplete Illa Doctorate la M••lc till• aprlaa at th• Ualwretty of Ma••aclauetta •

. . ..

. THE WASHI~G TON POST n•11-~&fta d the·Top or the Gate._This g.ives~ .mrI}' l aytOT_ ~-- Mr. Taylor's band a u~ Fricl"Y• Ort. 5, 1973 B 3 • • .R ~~ --r - B a unique built-in core of musi- tllQRUS 1tmong esf cians who~mpathy is even • J closer t~B'Would result from Of BIf azz Groups playing H!Yther only in the big Personalities band. " Olp of this, Mr. Taylor The place to develop a big has horn men-two ,trump- . h " d . ~t. rombone and three saxo- J'* ~illf nowa ays, it would es-each of whdm is a dis- A Baby appear, is on a television talk tive soloist but some of show. Billy Taylor, whose I om are so distinctive as to ·piece band works the "D~~ e in a clas!I by themselves. Frost Show," yesterday bro911t This was particularly .true yes· it out from behind the c~er- terday of Jimmy. Owens, a sation and comm!$rcii-that trumpeter with great authority ·normally obscure it t esent and a shouting urgency in his Rock star Melanie gave it live-vividly aliv Down- attack, and Seldon Powell, who beat, 42d Street and Lexington sliced through some fascinating birth to her first child Wed­ ,Avenue, as part of the weekly saxophone lines. Not to men­ nesda~· and namea It after a !noontime · Jazz Adventures tion Mr. Taylor himself, whose' rock recording. The 7-pound, series. virtuosity at the piano lends an 7 - ounce baby was named t Eleven pieces is small by big- air to the band that sets the Layla, after an album by iband standards, but it was all tone for ~heir entire presenta­ Derek and the Dominoes. ithat Mr. Taylor needed to pro- tion. The mother and child are in ;duce as much full-bodied bril- The band he has.,developed "excellent" condition at a \Hance and excitement as any behind the curtain of the hospital near Neptune, N.J., ·bigger .group could project. The "David Frost Show" can stand 'band is based on a five-man with the best big bands that where Melanie 1 iv e s with frhythm section, three of whom have ever played jazz. It must h e. r husband, Peter Sche- ,constitute the Billy Taylor Trio, come out in the open more keryk. (which is currently playing at often. JOHN S. WILSON. Jazzy Dinner ' The White House is plan­ ning a jazzy dinner for the ·- "" president of the Ivory Coast when he comes to visit next Tuesday. President Felix Houphouet-Boigny will dine to the music of a jazz trio­ the Billy Taylor · whose leader, ill Taylor has more than 300 sonp ~ his credit. LJ p I p ( $'/ 7~ 4.. • • ,. 1

.. ___ _ ~zzman Goes 1 Back to Dunbar By Ruth Dean seemed to appreciate his 1 Siar·~,.,. ~taff Wnter playing of boogie-woogie It was a day of nostalkia and his remarkable display ·l for William Edward Taylor of left-hand virtuosity. Jr. Between musical forays, Yes, that's how the 1938 Taylor reminisced about a I Dunbar High School year­ Washington that doesn't book listed him, saying he exist anymore. was "a boy whose populari­ "In those days," he said, ty will never, never wane "there were few places because his love of harmony blacks could go for enter­ will bring him lasting fame tainment. They couldn't go •.• his ambition - to be a to Constitution Hall, so the , m~ic arranger." people who performed in . xest years later, Constitution Hall came to ) l · a lo jazz musi- Dunbar to perform for us. cian, co ser and former And we heard the kind of musical director of the Da­ music that then was in as vic;I Frost Show - made his much disfavor as some of first visit back to Dunbar to the music you're into to­ inspire a new~e~~ration of day." kids. '.al N HE ALSO recalled that The pMSen e of several "the only other place to white faces in the audience hear good black entertain­ attested to how much time ers was the stage of the old had passed since Taylor Howard Theater," now attended Dunbar, then. the closed. only black academic high The students asked him school in Washington, which questions like "Do you play gospel?" and "How about ha~ segreJted plbli~ Tdu­ rock?" Yes, to both. "My cation. ~ d-i t'--\' grandfather was minister of -: TAYLO took ime out the Florida Avenue Baptist between engagements at Church, so I used to play New York's Waldorf Asto­ gospel there. And we got a ria to fly down to give an lot of experience accompa­ hour-and-a-half workshop nying different rock groups for student musici,ans from on the David Frost Show." the city's junior high and He told them that the• ca­ high schools, part of the reer of an arranger-com­ "Jazz in the Schools" pro­ poser is "very lucrative and ject jointly sponsored by the very competitive," but that National Endowment for the there is no substitute for Arts and Humanities and good preparation. "You the U.S. Office of Educa­ young people who have the tion. Taylor is a member of feeling of the music of today the National Council on the . . . have got it made. Arts. You've got it made in terms The kids in his audience of feeling, but you have to were generally attentive, get the equipment togeth­ although there was some er" gum-snapping and restive­ LaJer, as he was leaving, ness when he played sever­ Taylor said his only "un­ al of the older blues favor­ happiness" with the work­ ites of their parents' gener­ shop was that it couldn't ation. Ironically, they have been a more informal arrangement. "If the audi­ ence had been smaller, I TONIGHT'S would have brought the kids up on the stage and had TV MOVIES them around me," he said. 8:30 p.m. WMAL (1), WJZ "It works out much better (13) - "A Cry in the that way." Wilderness." 1974. rt:"c .. -"' Vr--A,a •. • l

ii,·1 •• ~~~~-I~~,~~-,~!'.~~!. Til~yldr Mil ~~~!~.~.:~~~~.~~~~·--"·"I\ Thr dileJIWlOl 6JOSrd by pi- of the set 1 heard, he dt·m- Revi~W cians in hi!; current trio. bassist Buster Williams. He am~t §~ii~ Tayl~ri who is ap- n11strated his '·irtuosit~· with Drummer, Harold \\'hite, uses a full array of sliding l pearin::r tnrci'ii!!li Sunday at som~ two-handed. improvisa- elements of surprise. of ere- who sat unnoticed fur tones. double stops (two I ..;tcc •ra. is; \\"hy isn't he don :ind u;a of f u ;' a 1 nearl'i.' 20 minutes of the set. note~ played at the same mor<' mtcresting? r h yt Iims r<'min1s<'cnt· o f ativity on the spur of the time), :mrl lines in the high H1~ >election of son:!s is D1n·e BrubcC'k. moment are what make .iazz began asserting himself half re!!ister that elevate his in- tasteful. mostly stanclards Somehow. it all talls short such an imporlant and way through on Tuesday strument to an equal role \ with :?ood chords, changes of a tmly cxC'itmg musil·al unique nrt form. The prob- night and proved once again with Taylor's piano. of st~·le and tempo to vary experience. One rpason !em w;1h Taylor is that too what a tasteful, inventh·e The result is a clear con- I the moods. must he his dedication to ot'l he pl:iys adequate jazz, musician he is, supporting trapuntal voice that helps Taylor h&s as much terh- the middle <,:round. which pretty jazz, hut rarely excit- and uplifting without over- make up for Taylor's habit nique as most piitnists and prevents him from being a rn~ .• .L \"hat prtvents his whelming Taylor. of ignoring his left hand his solos are solidly in the trul) ;.!Teat jazz artist. The performance from beini.t a The most dominant force whi e hf' li p!"rforming. t

NOW THRU OCT. 31-7 TO 11 P.M. FROM WA NATIONAi FOR LIVI CHILLS & THglLl.S Meetings to 40 MEET YOUR • Luxury highrise FAVORITE MONSTERS IN 0'•• _! 280 Roo•s NftllCe -- .,.,. ,..

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.. . ~ .. . • I l · l THE NEW YORK TIMES. SV

-~lslnn /,OW Mr. Taylor broke the Ice ···- ~- - .With Mr. Frost Bf IARBAJlA CAMPBELL HE waiters al'I know own thing to make me happy. him at Sardl's now, and Even in an East Side bar when he left the res­ years ago, when I was sup­ T. ' taurant after a drink posed to be playing dainty, and a Hght supper the other I would really be playing l nllftt the autograph hunters be-bop. I didn't have a heavy 1 hangfng around outside, scan­ rhythm section behind me and ' nlftl faces of diners for the it would sound like an origi· I f"""us, forced pieces of paper nal piece to the crowd. They 1 1ni0-1"1 hands. "Hey, Billy, would tome up and ask who -c'"811, 1ign right here," they wrote that nice piece and I 1&1d:"l'he tall, scholarly look· would say, 'Oh, it's a little Inf-Mack man wearing horn· something composed by John ~ clas91!8 and a quiet Birks.' What I didn't tell d1enl lf1P': buSlness auLt 100k each was that John Birkl's "-'t ,ttJ ot paper patiently and name was Gillespie and dlat ~ bll name, "Billy Tay· his nickname wa Dizzy," lot.... Taylor said widl relish. . fl'9 ntgbta a week, as Taylor met Frost; whom he mifaC directDr of the David remembers u a ''brilbt young Pna show on nationwide Englishman," in Maroh of t Ul8'bion. Taylor ia ealuted 1969, four mondls before the by, nost with the now famous new 9how went on it!he air. phi*, "Okay, Billy!" It's his "I had been asked by DavM's siinal to 9it down at the lawyer; P!lul Marshall, earlier pi.an& and, a'long ,,-Ith his 12· if I would be interested Jn doing the mUlic on the show. pi~ band. swing Into the theme of the show, "By We kept missing each other George, tt's the David Frost after that ~use I was busy ShG"lf." The music comes curl­ and '° was he, but m Mareh lnf" -lrOm under his light he called me in a panic and told in the same manner In arranged for me to meet wNch be has played jazz in David. cJUIM aa'09S the country for "I was program director of WLm radio at that time and 21~Jflll'I· I wasn't that eager to leave, bu the charge account JM but when I met David he was at 8ardi'a now, and the money very exciting to talk to. He to·~ his daughter to the said he wanted a different ~ achool·Jackie sent Caro­ sound, one rthat wu provoca­ line to, and autograph hounds tive, and that I would be In· foUcwv him down 44th Street, volved in other aspects of the bdt;"he 981ld, as he looked show. So I said yei. After two-doors~ Sardi's towanl ,.': -~ h·t I didn'·t hear a word. He "SOUL" IN MOTION - Livallade to ..,. E'1tth Avenue to the building probably talked to 12 Other Carmen de clanc:a .~r!M a big blue and red subtitled "Black Wo1t11n," also features pods Niklri Glw• guys too. Then in April I got . ' 1lp'tlThe David Frost Show," a oall saying •you're .tlhe "Qlgure Wbatever I'm get· guy.'" The show went on tbe .}.~ ti(ll now, I've earned it. And air ·in July ot 1969 and this desperate for men,' he told that I was developing a social ana· ~ I have paid a lot of dues." year won .an Emmy award me, and suggested that I see ;~rlier, after taping the as the best talk ~w of ithe my family doctor." When one Sunday night show and CGl he did ~n4 of two Frost shows, year. Taylor 'got to New York in then'·"~·····"'" he was ·asked" At""' to do a §,::~~ ht sat behii:id his desk on the On being the first and only 1943 h~ headed straight for six-day-a-week jazz show at ~d tloor Of the building black musioad director of a 52d Street, then the Mecca "drive time," between 4 and ..,. die 500,W's onlicee eel t.alk show while many of his of jazzmen and jazz aficiona­ 9 P.M. "When I was at WI,.18; ..._are iooated and talked jazz brothers are still knock· dos. He got his first job two I was doing the kind of llhow · Harltll1'p ~ the decline in popular· ing at the door, he said "I'm dayw after he artived, playing that had not been don• before Brolla •1 ltt of Ja= and of the heavy the only black doing a thaw piano with the Ben W89Ster in New York. I wu condi· MJll)e GI d.es that maqy of his fe11ow tin Jttiis and I don't itmnk I Qmrtet. at 'tli~ Three" Deuces. tioning people's tastes for all jaz-fri jtbmen are ltlll paying. Io have to push to make people ~-io wild-eyed and kinds of jau trom v«r IV ''Whole l s.ptembM' a ll'Ol'P of black. aware of ~ But David ex~ about everytthing on i.n to very lw out. I also to _. • jazz musicians interrupted the didn't hire me because I mi 52.d Street," he said. "It was interviewed jazzmen and for -t ' ' ~ of several talk shows tack but because I em a like going to college. Jn those the first time people found .. L:; l~DI that more of their 1ood musician, one of the days you could walk trom out dlait & lot ot diem ha4 • u ,..­ ~ be employed. bHt. I've beell a professional ~ to club on the llltlreet and llOJDething special to "'1·": Chins...... -. ·know mo9t ot them," a tong time and I don't need hear the 'top people lo jazz. He was also playJn1 nidtta the, ltd a4ld ~ylor; "a!ld it upsets me thiwt." A typical night on the street W•ith his trio C c1uil9 M>und bade It t1 .. IO_few~~ on William Edwafd Taylor would be Art Taitum at the town, six day• • ;. ..~ i .. ~ -~ '1 - " i ~ '·; ,; .. ~ . Three Deuces alternating was iin troubl~.~ he l\9C:alled. 'ihey a.re wtth Ben Webster; ne~ door "I reali:lled that doiq the '*le. • would be Billie Holiday sing­ show was very Important .. star fa 'fl ing at die Downbeat; across me because I was teUiDC ~ the 8treet would be Coleman something fronr the 1llack Hawkins across tront dle community thllt I flad ~ ' ·ffi DeQCM at the Onyx Club, and had before and Cbat I ~ _.. lll>i down fufther would be Erroll make • cou&libutklll full".. Garner. SheHy Manne was in impot4ant tbel'9 u I cimid F · Che. OOallt Guard - the time lll1Jlicdr, I .... erMdlfS,!: . . ... ==.:..___ __?OJ'J.SL!l!~~wnnl<'I rnmP and stt tn lm11~ <>f a' ~ · lll'tlca .,.,.,., .• -·

14 Saturday, Au1ust 18, 1111 THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR arts Ientertainment ... .J azzman Billy TayIOf-pianist, author, tt By David Stenitt.. · Jazzmobile presents more than 100 concerts per year, in addition to ' - "There are lots of things I'd like to lecture-demonstrations and teaching ~ ask you about," I told jazzman Billy workshops...... Taylor. "But before we start, I've got Such original endeavors keep Tay­ to know the answer to my own lor well in touch with the worlds of burning question: Where do you find youth, entertainment, and business. the energy to do all these things?" He remains optimistic about all three. Musician-author-actor-etc. Taylor "I wish I were a youngster coming glanced over at the list his public­ along today,"' he says. relations man had sent me - a long, "Even an underprivtleged young­ long list of jazz-world projects, ac­ ster?" I ask. "Yep, ' comes the complishments, and honors. He answer with no hesitation. 'The only smiled, settled back in his chair, way that you can be culturally under­ reflected for an Instant. Then he privileged ls to not be aware of the began to talk - not about himself, but strength of your own ethnic group's about his wife. contribution to the overall culture, He told me how lucky he was to and what you can do on a personal have married her 26 years ago; gave level to extend that contribution, if her credit for raising their children: that Is the area that you want to go praised her as the first person he Into." always turned to for an honest opin­ Taylor puts his reply on an "ethnic ion; and cited her support during the basis" because he feels that white most hectic periods in his career. By subcultures can operate more easily the time his tribute ended, I had than nonwhites within the American decided I was talking with a very nice entertainA'lent mainstream. Yet he guy - a man of constant activity who cites evidence from the film and remains deeply in touch with the music worlds that black-oriented basic human values of his life. products are increasingly popular, and notes that an economically sound String of achieve men ts entertaihment scene has thrived in Yet no amount of family support black areas. could wholly account for Taylor's remarkable string of achievements Sincere youth on the jazz scene. If you watch Speaking more personally, Taylor television, you probably remember goes on to say that "one of the most him as the three-year musical direc­ meaningful things that's happened in tor of "The David Frost Show." If you recent years ls the fact that a lot of collect records, you might have come young people are much more sincere across some of his nearly 30 albums. about who they are, where they are, For music-book buffs, Taylor has and a reflection of all the things that a written 12 volumes. Magazine readers religion ls supposed to stand for in may recall his articles in periodicals terms of living.... This Is why a lot of rangingfrom Esquire to the Saturday college kids put their chins out and got Review. shot at Kent and Jackson State, and a Not to mention his own TV and lot Jess publicized things where they Mr.-or Dr.- radio shows, his many media guest just got beat up.... This is a kind of appearances, his engagements at living witness of what to me is tied in prestigious jazz spots. Then there's communication and music and the Birdland jazz emporium. He has lac the academic Taylor, active lecturer, ~rt. .. .'' also written some 300 songs, and ph· teacher, and recipient of two honor­ Taylor's own family had a consid­ arranged special material for top thf ary doctorates. The businessman erable influence on his choice of performers. The need to contribute to cl£ Taylor, part owner of two radio music as a way of life. He came from musical education nonetheless re­ by stations and head of his o*n produc­ a musical household; and he insists m~ns a constant Taylor theme, and tion ouUit for commercials, records, that his first musical influence was a the artist has managed to combine "'' and concerts. The thespian Taylor, piano-playing uncle, who introduced this with commercial success through who has acted on TV and in the him to the music of jazz greats Fats his radio work. B. Broadway hit "The Time of Your Waller and Art Tatum. He started as Taylor's own children are inter­ Life." a child with piano lessons, "which I ested jazz listeners, and the pianist pie And, importantly, the public-ser­ Fiated.'' His attitude changed for delights in learning from their criti­ ai vant Taylor - who has found time "social" reasons, when "I found that cisms. He enthusiastically describes lo amid these activities for a host of pretty girls sat on the piano bench his daughter's typical comments on th socially oriented projects. Most when somebody played at a party.'' hearing him practice a bass line, " recently, he was appointed for a six­ The budding jazzmart started at protesting to her famous father that year term to the National Council on Virginia State College as a sociology "It doesn't make me want to dance." the Arts, the advisory group to the major, because "coming from a And he speaks often of today's ·youth National Endowment for the Arts. middle-class black family, both of my having opened their minds to a world The appointment seems a logical step parents felt 'Okay, so you're a pretty of musical heritages - Indian, Afri­ for Taylor, who has also belonged to good musician, and you love it and can. European, classical, rocking. the New York State Commission on everything, but you better get some­ The teaching-establishment failure to ~ Cultural Resources, and the New thing you can earn a living at.' "But a use the same melting-pot Idea Cl. York City Cultural Council. music teacher r;ioticed Taylor spend­ emerges as one of the pet Taylor fc ing more tlmelin the music depart­ peeves. fJ The Jazzmobile ment than in soc~ology, and the young Even with the solid musical success IT Taylor has worked on cultural proj­ pianist became a de-facto music stu­ he has achieved, Taylor well remem­ IT ects for years. One of his most dent. He has been earning a living at bers the days when he "paid his dues" 0 successful efforts has been the Jazz. it ever since, in a variety of ways. - dues exacted by financial and 9 mobile, a concert on wheels that Taylor's success at concertizing has racial pressures on his earlier career b tours New York ghetto areas. This been steady since he won the first But he speaks eagerly when looking r , began In 1965 as a way of cooling the Downbeat magazine critics' poll as into the future. His next project wm l summer for ghetto youngsters - "New star on jazz piano"; among be to write a jazz concerto, commis­ ti when Taylor was on the board of the other achievements, he holds the sioned by the Utah Symphony He record for the longest engagement at insists that he is not •'trying to make a Harlem CUJtural Council. Today the - "*'""' ,...._, tr _.• -. sl l~, 197S THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR tertainment·

~ ill y Taylor)-pianist, author, teacher • • • Jazzmobile presents more than 100 concerts per year, in addition to ~ to lecture-demonstrations and teaching Illy workshops. gol Such original endeavors keep Tay­ •Wn lor well in touch with the worlds of ind youth, entertainment, and business. He remains optimistic about all three. ·lor "I wish I were a youngster coming Uc- along today," he says. .ng, "Even an underprivileged young­ ac- ster?" I ask. "Yep," comes the He answer with no hesitation. "The only iir, way that you can be culturally under- he privileged is to not be aware of the but strength of your own ethnic group's contribution to the overall culture, to and what you can do on a personal ave level to extend that contribution, if en; that is the area that you want to go he into." 11rl- Taylor puts his reply on an "ethnic the basis" because he feels that white By subcultures can operate more easily llad than nonwhites within the American lice entertainment mainstream. Yet he .vho cites evidence from the film and the music worlds that black-oriented products are Increasingly popular, and notes that an economically sound entertaihment scene has thrived in >Ort black areas. or's mts Sincere youth .tch Speaking more personally, Taylor ber goes on to say that "one of the most rec- meanlrlgful things that's happened in you recent years is the fact that a lot of ime young people are much more sincere ma. about who they are, where they are, llas and a reflection of all the things that a lers religion is supposed to stand for in ::als terms of living.... 'nits is why a lot of day college kids put their chins out and got shot at Kent and Jackson State, and a Mr.-or Dr.-Taylor and lot less publicized things where they iest just got beat up.... 'Ibis is a kind of at living witness of what to me is tied in re's communication and music and the Birdland jazz emporium. He has lady out of jazz" through the sym­ :-er, (lrt.... " also written some 300 songs, ancl phonic writing. indeed, he maintains 1or- Taylor's own family had a consid- arranged special material for top that jazz has always been" America's 1an erable Influence on his choice of performers. The need to contribute to classical music." Yet he is fascinated dio music as a way of life. He came from musical education nonetheless re­ by the prospect of writing for orches­ luc- a musical household; and he Insists mains a constant Taylor theme, and tral instruments ~nd musicians. ·ds, that his first musical Influence was a the artist has managed to combine tor, piano-playing uncle, who introduced this with commercial success through the him to the music of jazz greats Fats his radio work. Basic jazz our Waller and Art Tatum. He started as Taylor's own children are inter­ In the end, however, the thrill of a child with piano lessons, "which I ested jazz listeners, and the pianist performing basic jazz before live •er- hated." His attitude changed for delights in learning from their criti­ audiences remains the staple of Tay­ me "social" reasons, when "I found that cisms. He ent'1usiastically describes lor's musical life. He speaks sadly of of pretty girls sat on the piano bench his daughter's typical comments on the "insecure" musician's need for ost when somebody played at a party." hearing him practice a bass line, "yes-men" who accept everything he ;ix- The budding jazzmart started at protesting to her famous father that does. And he insists that performing on Virginia State College as a sociology "It doesn't make me want to dance." is not a matter of "handing something the major, because "coming from a And he speaks often of today's -youth down from Mt. Olympus," but rather -ts. middle-class black family, both of my having opened their minds to a world a "sharing" of experience with listen­ tep parents felt 'Okay, so you're a pretty of musical heritages - Indian, Afri­ ers. to good musician, and you love it and can. European, classical, rocking. "What I'm going to do tonight,·• he on everything, but you better get some­ The teaching-establishment failure to says - referring to an upcoming ew thing you can earn a living at.' " But a use the same melting-pot idea concert at Boston's National Center music teacher noticed Taylor spend­ emerges as one of the pet Taylor for Afro-American Artists - is play ing more time in the music depart­ peeves. from about 10 'til about 4 or 5 In the ment than in sociology, and the young Even with the solid musical sbccess morning. I'll go back to the hotel and "Oj- pianist became a de-facto music stu­ he has achieved, Taylor well remem­ maybe lay my head down for a minute ost dent. He has been earning a living at bers the days when he "paid his dues" or so, catch a plane out of here at 8 or l.ZZ- it ever since. in a variety of ways. - dues exacted by financial and 9, and from 11 : 30 until 4 tomorrow I'll hat Taylor's success at concertizing haa racial pressures on his earlier career. be teaching in New York. And the nts been steady since he won the first But he speaks eagerly when looking reason I do this Is because the kids :he Downbeat magazine critics' poll as into the future. His next project w111 that are involved are so turned on by "New star on jazz piano"; among be to write a jazz concerto, commis­ the potential of being able to express the other achievements, he holds the sioned by the Utah Symphony. He themselves . and you see a whole :he record for the longest engagement at insists that he is not "trying to make a door opening for somebody. . . • - ..

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By Ken Feil-The Washln1ton Post President Sixo11 drats ll'itlr llrs. Rill~'. T,,ylor ""d llf•r m11, t·o1111m.•n/11111.•il·ia11 Billy T11_vlor. following Tay· /or's com·l'rt for Ivory c:o11.•t frl'si~;llt and :l/rs. Felix llo11p/11111t'f·lloig11~-, left, last 11iglrt.

,. A. Call for Harniony and Peace

Bv Doroth~· ,\fr<:tmllP more harmonious w or Id," that he "realizr~ that what ing to know how the current President Houphourt-Boii::ny happens in India 11nd Paki· c·1'isis will affect his travel War in the :'lliddle East stan and in the :'lliddll' East said in his toast to '1r. !\ix· plans. dominated both public and affects his own c·outit ry Ile on, d<:lin~rccf in Frcnl'h and ~c·cs ht•yoncl the prohlC'ms of He said his trip to London private talk at the state rtin­ subsequently translatPd into th<' present ant1 into the fu­ this weekend may have to he ner President and '.\1rs. ;'.\1x­ En11lish. "But your rfforts ture and sec•s the> whole on !:!ave last n\!!:ht for th<' postponed for a couple of would he ineomµIP(I' if in world ancf what these prob­ days but that he believes President of the Hc>puhlll of the :\liclcllr East vou cfid not IPms can rnt•11n to \frica." the vory Coast and :'II r his trip to C'hina on Oct. 20 Slll'C'l'l'd in ;ic·tin~ with the will go off as scheduled. Felix Uouphouet·Boigny leadc·rs of tlw Soviet Union Aflt'r the nc>arly 100 in­ Roth Presitlcnt '\ixon and in that part of th<' world vited ;.!Ul'Sts hacl left the K.ss1nger said he will de­ his guest of honor wurhrcl whc>re one should speak only slate dining room following c>ide Thursday or J<'riday about thl' exact timing of upon the slluation 111 their of peace and hrotlwrhood." dimwr, Si>1·retary of State his tri11 to Lonrlon. Asked toa~t s. '.\Ir \1xon i11 his to;1st hacl lli•nr.v Ki~singer was ~l1r· "Y nu an a ~naprr of a prait><.'d hih gw'st aml noll'Cl roundrcl hy reporters want- See IVURY, DS, Col 5 - rHE W bl II.\(. TO.~ PO~T DJ A ·Call for Harmony and Peace IVORY, From DI "He found nut that all the .... •'Nfr·. Nixon, in his toast, had praised prPtty girls came and sat b~'!~Wo"ti l1e!ls ·undl'r· his guest and noted that he 'realizes down on the piano stool," .ftrl1. the United Nations, :Vlr. ~ixon explained. Then le replied, "We are trying that what happem in India and Pakis· the President confided to to get everybody to exer· tan and the ~lidrlJe East affects his own his guests that he once cise restraint." played the saxophone and He was optimistic about country.''' \'iolin. peace 1n that area in the "Now I only play the .... long run. piano for obvious reasons," "We are trying to get the he said, and the audience Arabs and the Israelis. and joined him in laughter. everybody else concerned, At the end of Taylor's on a course we can agree to. c o n c er t, Mr. Nixon sum· I think we may be able to rnoned the musician's moth· turn it all around over a pe· er to take a bow with her riod of months that will son. lead to eventual peace." "My grandfather was a The Ivory Coast leader is Baptist minister here on paying his third visit to the Florida AvenuP," said Tay. ·United States. He was here lor, to which Mayor Walter in 1962, when he was enter Washington added his own tained by !'resident Ken· bit of Taylor family history. ti nedy at a state dinner, and "Billy T11ylor's uncle now here again In 1967 when works for me," said Wash· President Johnson honored ington. him at a luncheon. After President and Mrs. His first ambassador to Nixon saw their guests of Washington, Henri Konan honor to the front door and Bedie, now minister of econ· disappeared upstairs to bed, ' ~~ and finance, is accom· talk got back to the current ·l panylng him on this trip. Middle East crisis. ( In his official party last night were Ivory Coast Arn· Asked how he felt about bassador Timothee Ahoua being plunged into a war and· Mrs. Ohoua. after only a week of being Dur 1 n g entertainml'nt Secretary of State, Kissin· later in the East Room, the ,;er quipped "I had to start w'ith a bang." 100 dinner guests, joined by 74 others, c 1 a p p e d and • Sen. Frank Church (D­ tapped their feet to the mu­ Tdaho), ~peaking seriously sic of Billy Taylor's trio. about the problems facing Taylor, a hometown prod· the lsra~lis, said ·"We have uct, who made good on the By Ken Fell-The Washln1ton Post to see to it that the Israeli frontiers of human rela­ Accompanied by a military aide, 8ccretary of State government has the tools to tions as well as music, is the fend off these attacks. son of a Washington, D.C., Henry Kusinger arrives at last night's state dinner. "They've never asked for a dentist. He is an appointee single':' American soldier. of President Nixon to the All they're asking for is the National Council on the vid Frost fan probably knew President Nixon said he had tools. The Syrians are get· Arts, of New York Gov. Nel­ Taylor as the musical di· long wondered why a man ting weapon replacements son Rockefeller to the New rector of that TV show for so talented on the saxo­ from Saudi Arabia and York State Commission on three years. phone and drums should Lybia and they're getting Cultural Resources, and of In introducing T a y 1 o r, suddenly take up the piano. them fast." Mayor John Lindsay to the • New York City Cultural Council. Famous as an author on Last Night's White House Guest List and composer of jazz, which Arsene Assouan USiier, lvorv Coast Sen. and Mrs. Frank C!turch (D­ John A. Volpe, American Ambassador he caJls "America's classical minister of foreign afllllrs, and Mrs. ldaho). to Italy. music,'' Taylor's Jazzmobile Usner. s... and Mrs. Mork 0. Hatfield (R· Movor W•lter E. Washington •nd Mrs. Ambassador of the lvorv Coast H. E. Ore.). Washington. has talten music all o\ler S•,. and Mrs. Robert T. Stoflord (R· Timothee N'Guetta Ahoua and Mrs. Dr. ond Mrs. Preston Bruce Jr., A,,,. Harlem and around New Ahoua. ·VI.). Reo. ond Mn. Daniel J. Flood to Tex.). Gerald, Wec;hington. Pres1de-nt Boignv. Rep. ind Mrs. Oovid w. Dennis tR· Miss Karen Graham, Chlca;o. His most famous compo­ Henry A. Kissinger, Secretary of State Ind.). Lionel Hampton. New York Arrboc-sador of Italy Egidio Ortona and Rop. ond Mrs. Jehn H. Ware (R·Pa.). Mr. ond Mrs. Ed~ar F. Kaiser, Oak• sition of all his 300 songs Mrs Ortona Rep. and Mrs. K. Gunn McKay CD.· land is "I Wish I Knl'W How It Ambassador of Romani• Corelin 8oq­ U tah Or. and Mrs. Stanley E. McCoffroy, d•n and Mrs. Bogdon. John F. RcY>t, /\·T1 1Jllss11dor to 1vor1 Stockton, Calif. Would Feel To Be Frl'e." Amt-a">">ador of Korea Dong-Jo Kim Coast, and Mrs Root. Charles S. ~hyne, W•shlnqton. and M · s. tClm. Marion H Smoak, actlnQ chi@f of Col. and Mrs. Wilfred J. Smltli, Alex• His other t•ompositlons ha1·e Justice Potter and Mrs. Stewll'rt. protocol, and Mrs. Smoak. 1ndrl1. hl'l'n a mainstay of the chil· Justice Thurgood arid Mrs. MarshaH David O Newsom. assistant 5Kreterv Dr. and Mrs. Billy TIYfor, RIV1tnlal1, S<>cretarv of Agriculture Earl L. and of State fC'lr African affair!, and N.Y . drcn's television proi;iram, Mrs. Butz. . Mrs. Newsom Mr. •nd Mrs. HlrrY Torell'-· N­ .. Sl'asaml' Street." SPcretary of. Commerce Ff'adertck I . Mai. Gen. Brent Scowcrolt, tf•P111Y York. a nd Mr~. Dent. assl•tar t to the l'rHidtnt, Ind Mrs. Mr. Ind Mrs. JIC

Back to Dunbar 1iJ. By Ruth Dean seemed to appreciate his &ar-NewssratfWriter playing of boogie-woogie I(was a day of nostalgia and his remarkable display for., William Edward Taylor of left-hand virtuosity. Jr. Between musical forays, 1 Yes, that's how the 1938 Taylor reminisced about a ' Dunbar High School year- Washington that doesn't book listed him, saying he exist anymore. was •.•a boy whose populari- "In those days," he said; ...! ty will never, never wane· "there were few places.­ becat1se his love of harmony blacks could go for enter­ ,, will bring him lasting fame tainment. They couldn't go ....,~ c. •• his ambition - to be a to Constitution Hall,· so the ... music arranger." people who performed in l Yesterday, 36 years later. Constitution Hall came to· ~. Billy Taylor - jazz musi- Dunbar to perform for us. · cian, composer and former And we heard the kind of · 'musical director of the Da- music that then was in as Vid. Frost Show .....:. made his much disfavor as some Of ~ ~ first Visit back to Dunbar to "_the music you're,'into= to~ . . . . f ·day w .. . ,. 1nsplI'e a new generation o .:. · 1· : ... ' ":" ··, ,., · ·;. • '.: "· ~. -.:. ·kids. : .. . , . ,,..! HE, ALSO recalled that. ;. The.PI"esence of several ''the only .other place .to-> white fa<;es in the audience· hear good .black entertain- ., attestect•to how much time ers was the stage of the old~· ­ had p~ssed since Taylor Howard. Theater," now" ·attended Dunbar, then the closed. . . . ·only black academic high The students asked .him . \ school in Washington, which questions like "Do you play had segregated public' edu- gospel?" and "How about cation. _rock?" Yes; to both. ~'MY! .: I • grandfather was minister of. TAYLOR took time out the Florida Avenue Baptist between engagements at Church, so I used to play New York's Waldorf Asto- gospel there. And we got a ria to fly down to give an lot of experience accompa­ hour-and-a-half 'workshop nying different rock groups for student musicians from on the David Frost Show." the city's junior high ·and ;He told them that the ca­ high schools, part of tli'e reer of an arranger-com­ "Jazz in the Schools" pro- p<)ser is"very lucrative and . . ject jointly sponsored by the very competitive;"' but that :National Endowment for the there is no substitute for .Arts and Humanities and good preparation. "You the U.S. Office of Educa- young people who have the tion. Taylor is a memQer of feeling of the music of today the National Council ori the ...-· have got it made. fl Arts. ,_,You've got it made in terms ' ~il:y The kids in his audience of feeling·, but you have to •. ~ri! were generally attentive, get the equipment togeth­ i:o although there was some er." .1.1. gum-snapping and restive- Later, as he was leaving, S!ji ness when he played sever- Taylor said his only "un­ '~3" al of the older blues favor- happiness'.' with the work­ !lm ites of their parents' gener- shop was that it couldn't 01:) at ion. Jronically, they have been a more informal 'St~ • · arrangement. "If the audi­ .1~~ ence had been smaller, I · :Hd would have brought the kids ):frr up· on the stage and had .l':> them ar~tmd me," he said. .... 1ru "It works out much better r that way.'-' · ..• h2 Tfl•

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.. " New Jazz Sounds I ' : ! _j .I • i -of ~·' '-• I .. l- ~ ... l A lid Billy Tafl6r r.' I ., I 'If 1· /" ' 1t 8y Hollie I. West 'l'he current rock-influ. panding. ;rhe fact that some--.1 t>nced trends in jazz may be qody may use a m~lody over:.; driving some people up the n bass line that Sly and the ·. wall,. but ·pianist 'Billy Tay. Family ' Stone , would use , lor, :who's been running may offend sqme . people. ... aroulld the jazz scene for 40 But that's the risk ypu've years, is so excited about g.ot to take." : the new developments that.; Taylor was in Washiligton he can hardly yait for the·; recently for two le'.ltures at next step. · Howard Univer!iity on the "Contemporal'y .fazz says jazz experience. His topics who we are and what we are were "Con~mporary Trends mo~e than any other art fa Jazz'' and "The .Jazz Art· form," says Taylor, former ist and the Employment music director of the David Market." He also donated Frost televi!ion show and some of his manuscripts, pa. performer with such greats pers and taped interviews to as Coleman Hawkins, Dizzy Howard's Center for Ethnic Mµsic. · I Gillespie, Ben Webster and Billie ;Holiday, What are the characteris· "It's just a thrilling expe­ tics of the, new jazz? Says 'rience to hear all the new TayLor: "There's usage of a1>Proaches that musicians wfferent instruments than "t,.~4 are· using. Herbie Hancock before -:- varitone; synthes· izer and ,other electronic "t:>-X: ~·"· is doing one thing with syn­ ~ , ~,~ . t- :• ' equipment. Herbie . thesizer pnd electtic piano. Wl>;IM1.~~w.i~i.;;~.:.:•oi:1.._.:.fi,;;..';.,_.! ,Eddie Hilnis and Le$ Mc· (Hancock) can us~ a' synthes· , , • , izel' and, emula~e a whole 1 I )31 .\r'thur ~lllhif~i. Wnsh!nzton Pogt Cann a1·e ·do-ing some fresh things. To heai; someone use string sei:#on ~ on tile . key­ Pian~t Billy Taylor: "The approach to rh)'t~m has ch~riged., Tkere'~ tf t~~hd toioard'. ~sing repeai,d rhyth~:iC fig~re~ that ymi. jazz ·tec'hniques in another board. lie can play ·lines find. ~n gosp~l ancl the.rliyihrti_·~~-~lues trqdi~ion." . · · "•·,:, ;·.: » ~ \ f ' ,;. ' ' I: \ \ . .·. . ". . manner mejlns they're ex· See TAYLOR, 810, Cel. 1 ' ~ . { . ." ~ I 1 - .·

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H' II 11/l w I II ''·'' J • / Tt p , l•o , hcc11 ru 1 in llHI\ ofknct soml" people. ,1 < lllHI tltl' J 11. ·11·111· 1• r Ill ll ' 1hnl • the risk you've , l'al " " • 1 .. c1 .1bn1•1 i' to ta kl.' th•· 11<·v. dc\·l!l•1,.>rn• !'\ that ! \tor wa~ in Washington hl' rn11 h "('011temporary Trends mon t h:m , 111 ~ 0 1111·r art 1 •1 Jau" and "The Jazz Art· form. ~;n •1111 0 forrnl'r h' and the Employmen~ 11111 1c "•"L't to·· of tliL JJa\·ICI '.\liirkrl" Be also donated BY Arthur Ellis-The Washln1to11 Po~L Frost tt- ,.11 ;0 , 1 show •.rnd ~onw of hi~ manuscripts, pa- Pitmi.,t Hilly 'l'tivlor: ''To lw 1·11111lop•rl ;,, 11111 .. ic Pl'I former w 1111 ~ll< 1 " •·ah ppr!;. 11d tapPd Interviews to r11quirr~ th~t l"'~ple krww who ·"'"' ."'" 11111/ wltni I'' l olcman Jlav. kin'. fJill) llowarl'f's Center for Ethnic ( .i Jcspil'. l)!'n \\l'hste1· ano .l\Jusi<· yori tla.'' 1,illic 'Jolidai• \\ h H arc the characterfl· ties of the new jazz? Says Its .1ust :1 thi·illitu! l'Xf.Jl'· Ta~tor "There's usage of 1wnl'C to h<•ar all llw Ill'' different instruments than appronehes that musicians bl!forr> _ varitone, synthes· arr using. I h•rhir Hancock izer and other electronic New Jazz Sounds is doing om· thing with syn equipment. !Ierble,. th<'sizer 11nd cll'rtri<" piano. Cllancock) can use a ,ynthes- TAYLOR, I<'rMn Bl Greenville. ~.C. Ile starteil ' f':rldit· Harns and Les i\lr- Iler irnd emulate a whole playini,: piano at age 7 and Ca1111 are doing soml' fresh string sedion on the key- most American string that came under the tutclagu of 1hiugs. To hear someone U!Sl' board. He can play line. players cannot play because Henry Grant, l!e Distrirt jau techniques in anothe• of their training in classical school music tP<1cher who manner nll'<111s thry'ri.- ex S!'e'fAYLOR.BIO,Col.J ttadition. .. taught students from DuKe .,. ~hen there's the use of Ellington lo Charlie Rous , tonal clusters. You find Mc­ and 1''rank Wess. ~Y Tyner using this techni­ ctite a lot. And it works well Tavlor's mother, Antoin­ because he chooses to m;e ette ·Taylor, still lives here. aciOuatic (as opposed to So do a brother, sister electric) piano. and several au1~ts and un· '''The approach to rhythm cles. has changed. There's a trend Another of the pianist'~ toward using repeating concerns is whether student rbytbmic~es that you musiciaJl9 know what em­ tlnd in gosp~ the plo_yment opportunities ue 1'h,.thm-and-blues traclilton. t.l jazz. "To be employed in ln lome cases you may hjv4!C' niuste . .re~uires 1hat people ta." many as five diffeflent know who S'nu aru and what rhythmic streams ,g!)ing in you do," Taylor explains, ode piece. Th11l'fs no con­ gt>sticulating as if he's play­ trolling fapt6°r like there ing piano. "lhev don't teach was in. prious jazz where this sort of thing in schoo1- I 'the bass controlled things Musicians should know • by Jaying down a 4/4 beat." about the business side of 'taylor's scholarly and P.x­ music and what legal protec· act way of explaining cur­ tions they need. And jazz rent jazz derives from hi!I Musicians should know ducational background their own work cpportuni· (B.S. from Virginia State ties." College, working toward a . Taylor knows what he's adoctorate in musicology at talking about, for he's donP 'the University of Massachu- well as employee and cm· 1et:ts and writing a disserta­ ployer. In the latter regard, tion on the history of j:izz he is a member of a b!ick­ i>iano). He teaches the his- owned syndicate that owns tOl')' of jazz piano at C. W. radio station WLIB end is Post College on Long Is· buying WBLS, both in New land, and next semester he York. He is also part owner ,l"W conduct a radio course of radio station WSOK in ,at the college on the history Savannah, Ga. \ of jazz. A forthcoming job he's ex­ The pianist's rich experi· cited about is the musical di· ~nces In jazz started here 40 rectorship of Black Journal years ago when he started Tonight, a series of weekly .PlaYing professionally at age talk and variety shows prod· 13 al a strip joir.t in subur­ uced by Tony Brown and ( lnm Virginia. "Tlte guy I aimed at black audiences. was replacing cou!Jn't make Taylor will lead an 18-piece the job a few ni~hts and he band on the show. tC'lltl my parents .the J>lace The pianist also will be wa~ all right," recalls Tay· artist in reside1wc in the for. "They had bookers and District sl'hools nl!xt sem~·s· all kinds of shady characl.(?rs ter. there." Asked why he stays so The son of a dentist, Tay­ busy, Taylor answers, " I'm lor, 53, t:rew up in Washing­ just an activist-I have a lot Iton afte1· being born in of energy." • 'r., :: .·· .. ;;

I' r·-.. W u----~~·~CIC_l l~-·1·1fWW ~I U"!'"!l --'--.!'""-••.. _.! c_ -•• .Jll_'?--...~-l!l~~!•!"~-·---••u .. u...-n.•••''"""''»·• t ~ Bi/JJ Ti1110f Btltk With s;,, Souii .-- -; . -,~~~:·.. :~:·;.-:_:- , 1 • :I t1ons, TaY'lor said: "Well, for in­ stance, we could ask, 'Who wrote By GEORGE MAKSIAN the official state song for Vir· the sta.tement that jazz is classi­ ginia ('Carry Me Back to Old THINK YOU HA VE a busy schedule? Then consider the cal music," he continued. "I don't Virginia')? It was Jaml'll :Bland, activities of Dr. William E. Taylor, better known to his consider it black classical music a . black man. Another question but American classical music. m1gh.t be, 'Who was the first pe1·­ .....U'I many fans as Billy, the former music director of the David Black music has contributed son to perform open-heart 1ur­ FrO&t show and now holding much more to the culture of this gery ?' It was also a black pen;on °" I country than many of us realize. bu_t I can't recall his name at fortn with an 18-piece '"l>ig band the University of Massachusetts. this moment." t ~nund'' on Channel 13'1 "Black He has taugilt at the Manhattan All of the popular music hacJ its origins in the same kind of musi­ J . the single most ex- >- Journal" aeries (Tuesdaye School of M~sic, C.W. Post Col- ~-hat w~s °' • 10-111 lege, C<>lumbia and Yale. cal experience that gave us the c1tmg musical event in Taylor'1 < J:.m.). . . . . How does he manage such an spirituals, the 'blues and, of life? .,,..,.ell, that had to be last :l A versatile .)aZZ p1am&t, com- active career? "It's v.ihat keeps course, jazz." January when I premiered my 1 work, 'Suite :for Jazz Piano and 2 poser, arra.nl!'er, teacher and even' me going,'' said Taylor from his Known as O.K. Billy Orehestra,' with the Utah Sym- ~ an actor (he appeared as Wesley office at "Jazzmobile" headquar- in a stage revival of Saroyan's ters on W. 125th. St. '.'I have In 1969, Taylor beeame the phony. It was a great honor" said • . . ,, a very underatanchng w1:fe. Our first black music conductor of the pia~ist, "This season, 'rn be "The Time of Your Life ), Tay- rhildren are grown up now end a major TV series, the David be playmg the 20-minute pie<» ~ )or has written more than 300 I can 1pend as much time as Frost show. He became known again with the Oaklan·d Sym­ z songs and a dozen books on the I want on my career. My aon, as ''0.K. Billy,'' because that was i phony and the . Kentucky 'and >- art of jazz piano, and has made Duane, 22, ia an assistant project the cue with which Frost began Minneapolis M'chestras." < manager for the Tiehman build- each program. ~ more than 30 recordin'f•· era, and my daughter Kt 9, How does the Frost show com- 'Upstairs' Finale :l He has become one of the elder !s a sophomore at Brow study- pare to his duties on "B "Upstair• Downstairs," the en at a t esmen o f Jazz,· serving· as a 111g to be a lawyer." Journal?" I popular senes.... on Channel 13•1 member of the National Council Lectured In Washln fo• j "l didn't get to play verv much ~Beries Jof program~ Is c~lled "Muterpiece Theater" will air the Arts the N w Y k State . F h ., . · 1· ack ournai: 'I'h1s Evening,' . . . ' on • • e or Taylor recently completed a ~n the r06t 8 ow, said Taylor. which has a variety-talk format. 1t:' fmal. mstallment at 8:30 to- Commiirsion of C u l tu r a l Re· lecture aerlea at Howard Univer- andA fewth be rs to opet n the prog~m I use 8 fuU !8-piece band on I mght, with a segment titled •'The aourcet, and the New York Cit1 . . . . 0 er segmen s, an occasion- these 1egmenta Sudden Storm." The series will Cultural Council. aity In Washmgton. Earher dm al backup for a guest 1inger and ' he replaced next week by a new month he conducted a aemtnar, that was ~bout it. But on 'Black Some Examples show called "Country Matters" Heads 'Jozzmobile' "Jazz Comee to D.C. Sehoolll," J~uma-1' I get to do a lot more. J "On other occasions, the series a four-week serial based on 11hort Sinee itli i~eption in 1965, he in which Billy and hia trio lee- "Tony Brown, ~he produeer ~nd I presents a game ehow ca.Med 'Can stories by A. E. Coppard and H. has been the president and chief tured and performed for about host of the aeries, has devued You Dig This?' dealing' with IE. Bates. Channel 13 said "Up. fund-raiser :for "Jazzmobile,'' a a new form~t for the ~~ow this questions that are baeed on :facU! stairs, Downstairs" may be re­ progl'Am tihat brings name art- 1,000 .youngstere each day in the season that 1s very exc1tmg. One a:bout ,black people. For this seg- peated during the summer. ists and their musie to culturally Washington area. deprived areaa of this and other "In my lecturea I stress the communities. history of music, starting with the In add}tion, he has brought pre-ragtime black composer and jazz into the classrooms of high proceeding to avant-garde art­ I schools and colleges thl'oughout ists," said the 54-year-old pianist. the ~tion. He haa two honorary "I try to explain where today's doctorate degrees, one from Fair- music comes from. So many ield University and another people think j!'-zz and. rock music rom hi11 alma mater, Virginia started sometune dunng the 1ut State College, and he's working 20 years. n a doetor1tte in mU11icoiogy at "I was one Qf the finit to make Dennis \\Uver is .. ,_