Spore Prints
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Response of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi to Inorganic and Organic Forms of Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Michigan Technological University Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open Reports 2012 RESPONSE OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI TO INORGANIC AND ORGANIC FORMS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS Christa M. Luokkala Michigan Technological University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds Part of the Forest Sciences Commons Copyright 2012 Christa M. Luokkala Recommended Citation Luokkala, Christa M., "RESPONSE OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI TO INORGANIC AND ORGANIC FORMS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS", Master's report, Michigan Technological University, 2012. https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etds/611 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/etds Part of the Forest Sciences Commons RESPONSE OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI TO INORGANIC AND ORGANIC FORMS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS By Christa M. Luokkala A REPORT Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In Applied Ecology MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2012 © 2012 Christa M. Luokkala This report has been approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Applied Ecology. School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Report Advisor: Dr. Erik A. Lilleskov Committee Member: Dr. Susan A. Bagley Committee Member: Dr. Dana L. Richter Committee Member: Dr. Christopher W. Swanston School Dean: Dr. Terry L. Sharik Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................. -
The Lichens' Microbiota, Still a Mystery?
fmicb-12-623839 March 24, 2021 Time: 15:25 # 1 REVIEW published: 30 March 2021 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.623839 The Lichens’ Microbiota, Still a Mystery? Maria Grimm1*, Martin Grube2, Ulf Schiefelbein3, Daniela Zühlke1, Jörg Bernhardt1 and Katharina Riedel1 1 Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, 2 Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria, 3 Botanical Garden, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany Lichens represent self-supporting symbioses, which occur in a wide range of terrestrial habitats and which contribute significantly to mineral cycling and energy flow at a global scale. Lichens usually grow much slower than higher plants. Nevertheless, lichens can contribute substantially to biomass production. This review focuses on the lichen symbiosis in general and especially on the model species Lobaria pulmonaria L. Hoffm., which is a large foliose lichen that occurs worldwide on tree trunks in undisturbed forests with long ecological continuity. In comparison to many other lichens, L. pulmonaria is less tolerant to desiccation and highly sensitive to air pollution. The name- giving mycobiont (belonging to the Ascomycota), provides a protective layer covering a layer of the green-algal photobiont (Dictyochloropsis reticulata) and interspersed cyanobacterial cell clusters (Nostoc spec.). Recently performed metaproteome analyses Edited by: confirm the partition of functions in lichen partnerships. The ample functional diversity Nathalie Connil, Université de Rouen, France of the mycobiont contrasts the predominant function of the photobiont in production Reviewed by: (and secretion) of energy-rich carbohydrates, and the cyanobiont’s contribution by Dirk Benndorf, nitrogen fixation. In addition, high throughput and state-of-the-art metagenomics and Otto von Guericke University community fingerprinting, metatranscriptomics, and MS-based metaproteomics identify Magdeburg, Germany Guilherme Lanzi Sassaki, the bacterial community present on L. -
Genome Sequence Analysis of Auricularia Heimuer Combined with Genetic Linkage Map
Journal of Fungi Article Genome Sequence Analysis of Auricularia heimuer Combined with Genetic Linkage Map Ming Fang 1, Xiaoe Wang 2, Ying Chen 2, Peng Wang 2, Lixin Lu 2, Jia Lu 2, Fangjie Yao 1,2,* and Youmin Zhang 1,* 1 Lab of genetic breeding of edible mushromm, Horticultural, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; [email protected] 2 Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; [email protected] (X.W.); [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (P.W.); [email protected] (L.L.); [email protected] (J.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.Y.); [email protected] (Y.Z.) Received: 3 March 2020; Accepted: 12 March 2020; Published: 16 March 2020 Abstract: Auricularia heimuer is one of the most popular edible fungi in China. In this study, the whole genome of A. heimuer was sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq X system and compared with other mushrooms genomes. As a wood-rotting fungus, a total of 509 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were annotated in order to explore its potential capabilities on wood degradation. The glycoside hydrolases (GH) family genes in the A. heimuer genome were more abundant than the genes in the other 11 mushrooms genomes. The A. heimuer genome contained 102 genes encoding class III, IV, and V ethanol dehydrogenases. Evolutionary analysis based on 562 orthologous single-copy genes from 15 mushrooms showed that Auricularia formed an early independent branch of Agaricomycetes. The mating-type locus of A. heimuer was located on linkage group 8 by genetic linkage analysis. -
Annotated Check List and Host Index Arizona Wood
Annotated Check List and Host Index for Arizona Wood-Rotting Fungi Item Type text; Book Authors Gilbertson, R. L.; Martin, K. J.; Lindsey, J. P. Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 28/09/2021 02:18:59 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/602154 Annotated Check List and Host Index for Arizona Wood - Rotting Fungi Technical Bulletin 209 Agricultural Experiment Station The University of Arizona Tucson AÏfJ\fOTA TED CHECK LI5T aid HOST INDEX ford ARIZONA WOOD- ROTTlNg FUNGI /. L. GILßERTSON K.T IyIARTiN Z J. P, LINDSEY3 PRDFE550I of PLANT PATHOLOgY 2GRADUATE ASSISTANT in I?ESEARCI-4 36FZADAATE A5 S /STANT'" TEACHING Z z l'9 FR5 1974- INTRODUCTION flora similar to that of the Gulf Coast and the southeastern United States is found. Here the major tree species include hardwoods such as Arizona is characterized by a wide variety of Arizona sycamore, Arizona black walnut, oaks, ecological zones from Sonoran Desert to alpine velvet ash, Fremont cottonwood, willows, and tundra. This environmental diversity has resulted mesquite. Some conifers, including Chihuahua pine, in a rich flora of woody plants in the state. De- Apache pine, pinyons, junipers, and Arizona cypress tailed accounts of the vegetation of Arizona have also occur in association with these hardwoods. appeared in a number of publications, including Arizona fungi typical of the southeastern flora those of Benson and Darrow (1954), Nichol (1952), include Fomitopsis ulmaria, Donkia pulcherrima, Kearney and Peebles (1969), Shreve and Wiggins Tyromyces palustris, Lopharia crassa, Inonotus (1964), Lowe (1972), and Hastings et al. -
Fertility-Dependent Effects of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities on White Spruce Seedling Nutrition
Mycorrhiza (2015) 25:649–662 DOI 10.1007/s00572-015-0640-9 ORIGINAL PAPER Fertility-dependent effects of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities on white spruce seedling nutrition Alistair J. H. Smith II1 & Lynette R. Potvin2 & Erik A. Lilleskov2 Received: 14 January 2015 /Accepted: 6 April 2015 /Published online: 24 April 2015 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (outside the USA) 2015 Abstract Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) typically colonize manganese, and Atheliaceae sp. had a negative relationship with nursery seedlings, but nutritional and growth effects of these P content. Findings shed light on the community and species communities are only partly understood. To examine these ef- effects on seedling condition, revealing clear functional differ- fects, Picea glauca seedlings collected from a tree nursery natu- ences among dominants. The approach used should be scalable rally colonized by three dominant EcMF were divided between to explore function in more complex communities composed of fertilized and unfertilized treatments. After one growing season unculturable EcMF. seedlings were harvested, ectomycorrhizas identified using DNA sequencing, and seedlings analyzed for leaf nutrient concentra- Keywords Stoichiometry . Ectomycorrhizal fungal tion and content, and biomass parameters. EcMF community community effects . Nitrogen . Phosphorus . Micronutrients . structure–nutrient interactions were tested using nonmetric mul- Amphinema . Atheliaceae . Thelephora terrestris . tidimensional scaling (NMDS) combined with vector analysis of Greenhouse foliar nutrients and biomass. We identified three dominant spe- cies: Amphinema sp., Atheliaceae sp., and Thelephora terrestris. NMDS+envfit revealed significant community effects on seed- Introduction ling nutrition that differed with fertilization treatment. PERM ANOVA and regression analyses uncovered significant species Seedlings regenerating naturally or artificially are influenced by effects on host nutrient concentration, content, and stoichiometry. -
Why Mushrooms Have Evolved to Be So Promiscuous: Insights from Evolutionary and Ecological Patterns
fungal biology reviews 29 (2015) 167e178 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fbr Review Why mushrooms have evolved to be so promiscuous: Insights from evolutionary and ecological patterns Timothy Y. JAMES* Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA article info abstract Article history: Agaricomycetes, the mushrooms, are considered to have a promiscuous mating system, Received 27 May 2015 because most populations have a large number of mating types. This diversity of mating Received in revised form types ensures a high outcrossing efficiency, the probability of encountering a compatible 17 October 2015 mate when mating at random, because nearly every homokaryotic genotype is compatible Accepted 23 October 2015 with every other. Here I summarize the data from mating type surveys and genetic analysis of mating type loci and ask what evolutionary and ecological factors have promoted pro- Keywords: miscuity. Outcrossing efficiency is equally high in both bipolar and tetrapolar species Genomic conflict with a median value of 0.967 in Agaricomycetes. The sessile nature of the homokaryotic Homeodomain mycelium coupled with frequent long distance dispersal could account for selection favor- Outbreeding potential ing a high outcrossing efficiency as opportunities for choosing mates may be minimal. Pheromone receptor Consistent with a role of mating type in mediating cytoplasmic-nuclear genomic conflict, Agaricomycetes have evolved away from a haploid yeast phase towards hyphal fusions that display reciprocal nuclear migration after mating rather than cytoplasmic fusion. Importantly, the evolution of this mating behavior is precisely timed with the onset of diversification of mating type alleles at the pheromone/receptor mating type loci that are known to control reciprocal nuclear migration during mating. -
Aphyllophoraceous Wood-Inhabiting Fungi on Quercus Spp. in Italy
Posted June, 2008. Summary published in Mycotaxon 104: 425–428. 2008. Aphyllophoraceous wood-inhabiting fungi on Quercus spp. in Italy 1 1 ANNAROSA BERNICCHIA , ALESSANDRO BENNI ,GIUSEPPE 2 2 2 VENTURELLA , MARIA LETIZIA GARGANO , ALESSANDRO SAITTA & 3 SERGIO PÉREZ GORJÓN [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 1Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroambientali, Patologia Vegetale Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna Italy 2Dipartimento di Scienze Botaniche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 38, 90123 Palermo Italy 3Departamento de Botánica & Centro Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias Universidad de Salamanca, Ldo. Méndez Nieto s/n, 37007 Salamanca Spain Abstract─240 species representing 100 genera of aphyllophoraceous fungi growing on Quercus spp. in Italy are listed. Some species are considered rare or infrequent in Italy, e.g. Bulbillomyces farinosus, Dendrothele dryina, Fomitopsis iberica, F. spraguei, Hyphoderma incrustatum, Inonotus andersonii. Key words─lignicolous fungi, diversity, oak woods Introduction In line with previous reports on Italian lignicolous fungi (Bernicchia 2000, Mayrhofer et al. 2001, Pérez Gorjón et al. 2006, Bernicchia et al. 2007a, b, c), a list of aphyllophoraceous fungi growing on Quercus spp. is announced. Oak forests are widely distributed in Europe, and 20 taxa of the genus Quercus L. occur in the European sector of Mediterranean region (Webb 1993). In Italy, the following species are widely distributed: Q. cerris L., Q. ilex L., Q. pubescens Willd., Q. petraea (Matt.) Liebl., Q. robur L. subsp. robur and Q. suber L.; these were the most common substrates from which aphyllophoraceous fungi have been collected. -
Major Clades of Agaricales: a Multilocus Phylogenetic Overview
Mycologia, 98(6), 2006, pp. 982–995. # 2006 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview P. Brandon Matheny1 Duur K. Aanen Judd M. Curtis Laboratory of Genetics, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD, Biology Department, Clark University, 950 Main Street, Wageningen, The Netherlands Worcester, Massachusetts, 01610 Matthew DeNitis Vale´rie Hofstetter 127 Harrington Way, Worcester, Massachusetts 01604 Department of Biology, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 Graciela M. Daniele Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologı´a Vegetal, M. Catherine Aime CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Co´rdoba, Casilla USDA-ARS, Systematic Botany and Mycology de Correo 495, 5000 Co´rdoba, Argentina Laboratory, Room 304, Building 011A, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350 Dennis E. Desjardin Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, Jean-Marc Moncalvo San Francisco, California 94132 Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum and Department of Botany, University Bradley R. Kropp of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2C6 Canada Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 Zai-Wei Ge Zhu-Liang Yang Lorelei L. Norvell Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Pacific Northwest Mycology Service, 6720 NW Skyline Sciences, Kunming 650204, P.R. China Boulevard, Portland, Oregon 97229-1309 Jason C. Slot Andrew Parker Biology Department, Clark University, 950 Main Street, 127 Raven Way, Metaline Falls, Washington 99153- Worcester, Massachusetts, 01609 9720 Joseph F. Ammirati Else C. Vellinga University of Washington, Biology Department, Box Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 355325, Seattle, Washington 98195 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3102 Timothy J. -
How Many Fungi Make Sclerotia?
fungal ecology xxx (2014) 1e10 available at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Short Communication How many fungi make sclerotia? Matthew E. SMITHa,*, Terry W. HENKELb, Jeffrey A. ROLLINSa aUniversity of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, USA bHumboldt State University of Florida, Department of Biological Sciences, Arcata, CA 95521, USA article info abstract Article history: Most fungi produce some type of durable microscopic structure such as a spore that is Received 25 April 2014 important for dispersal and/or survival under adverse conditions, but many species also Revision received 23 July 2014 produce dense aggregations of tissue called sclerotia. These structures help fungi to survive Accepted 28 July 2014 challenging conditions such as freezing, desiccation, microbial attack, or the absence of a Available online - host. During studies of hypogeous fungi we encountered morphologically distinct sclerotia Corresponding editor: in nature that were not linked with a known fungus. These observations suggested that Dr. Jean Lodge many unrelated fungi with diverse trophic modes may form sclerotia, but that these structures have been overlooked. To identify the phylogenetic affiliations and trophic Keywords: modes of sclerotium-forming fungi, we conducted a literature review and sequenced DNA Chemical defense from fresh sclerotium collections. We found that sclerotium-forming fungi are ecologically Ectomycorrhizal diverse and phylogenetically dispersed among 85 genera in 20 orders of Dikarya, suggesting Plant pathogens that the ability to form sclerotia probably evolved 14 different times in fungi. Saprotrophic ª 2014 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved. Sclerotium Fungi are among the most diverse lineages of eukaryotes with features such as a hyphal thallus, non-flagellated cells, and an estimated 5.1 million species (Blackwell, 2011). -
Phylogenetic Classification of Trametes
TAXON 60 (6) • December 2011: 1567–1583 Justo & Hibbett • Phylogenetic classification of Trametes SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENY Phylogenetic classification of Trametes (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) based on a five-marker dataset Alfredo Justo & David S. Hibbett Clark University, Biology Department, 950 Main St., Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Alfredo Justo, [email protected] Abstract: The phylogeny of Trametes and related genera was studied using molecular data from ribosomal markers (nLSU, ITS) and protein-coding genes (RPB1, RPB2, TEF1-alpha) and consequences for the taxonomy and nomenclature of this group were considered. Separate datasets with rDNA data only, single datasets for each of the protein-coding genes, and a combined five-marker dataset were analyzed. Molecular analyses recover a strongly supported trametoid clade that includes most of Trametes species (including the type T. suaveolens, the T. versicolor group, and mainly tropical species such as T. maxima and T. cubensis) together with species of Lenzites and Pycnoporus and Coriolopsis polyzona. Our data confirm the positions of Trametes cervina (= Trametopsis cervina) in the phlebioid clade and of Trametes trogii (= Coriolopsis trogii) outside the trametoid clade, closely related to Coriolopsis gallica. The genus Coriolopsis, as currently defined, is polyphyletic, with the type species as part of the trametoid clade and at least two additional lineages occurring in the core polyporoid clade. In view of these results the use of a single generic name (Trametes) for the trametoid clade is considered to be the best taxonomic and nomenclatural option as the morphological concept of Trametes would remain almost unchanged, few new nomenclatural combinations would be necessary, and the classification of additional species (i.e., not yet described and/or sampled for mo- lecular data) in Trametes based on morphological characters alone will still be possible. -
Laetisaria Arvalis (Aphyllophorales, Corticiaceae): a Possible Biological Control Agent for Rhizoctonia Solani and Pythium Species1
LAETISARIA ARVALIS (APHYLLOPHORALES, CORTICIACEAE): A POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT FOR RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI AND PYTHIUM SPECIES1 H. H. BURDSALL, JR. Center for Forest Mycology Research, Forest Products Laboratory2 USDA, Forest Service, Madison, Wisconsin 53705 H. C. HOCH Department of Plant Pathology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, New York 14456 M. G. BOOSALIS Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 AND E. C. SETLIFF State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry. School of Biology, Chemistry, and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210 SUMMARY Laetisaria arvalis, a soil-inhabiting basidiomycete, is described from culture as a new species. Descriptions and illustrations of the basidiocarps and cultures are provided and the relationship of L. arvalis to Phanero chaete as well as its potential importance as a biological control agent are discussed. About 1960, M. G. Boosalis isolated a fungus with clamp connections from soil planted to sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) for more than 50 yr near Scottsbluff, Scotts Bluff County, Neb. His early studies of this isolate indicated that it might be used as a biological control agent against Thanatephorus cucumerus (Frank) Donk (anamorph : Rhizo ctonia solani Kuhn) the cause of a root rot of sugar beets. Recently the 1This article was written arid prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and it is therefore in the public domain. 2Maintained at Madison, Wis., in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin. 728 729 BURDSALL ET AL. : LAETISARIA ARVALIS isolate has been reported to be a hyperparasite of R. solani (Odvody et al., 1977) and a possible biological control agent of Pythium ultimum Trow (Hoch and Abawi, 1979). -
INTRODUCTION Biodiversity of Agaricomycetes Basidiomes
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CONICET Digital DARWINIANA, nueva serie 1(1): 67-75. 2013 Versión final, efectivamente publicada el 31 de julio de 2013 ISSN 0011-6793 impresa - ISSN 1850-1699 en línea BIODIVERSITY OF AGARICOMYCETES BASIDIOMES ASSOCIATED TO SALIX AND POPULUS (SALICACEAE) PLANTATIONS Gonzalo M. Romano1, Javier A. Calcagno2 & Bernardo E. Lechner1 1Laboratorio de Micología, Fitopatología y Liquenología, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Programa de Plantas Medicinales y Programa de Hongos que Intervienen en la Degradación Biológica (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, Piso 4, Laboratorio 7, C1428EGA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; [email protected] (author for correspondence). 2Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y de Diagnóstico - Departamento de Ciencias Natu- rales y Antropológicas, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones, Hidalgo 775, C1405BCK Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Abstract. Romano, G. M.; J. A. Calcagno & B. E. Lechner. 2013. Biodiversity of Agaricomycetes basidiomes asso- ciated to Salix and Populus (Salicaceae) plantations. Darwiniana, nueva serie 1(1): 67-75. Although plantations have an artificial origin, they modify environmental conditions that can alter native fungi diversity. The effects of forest management practices on a plantation of willow (Salix) and poplar (Populus) over Agaricomycetes basidiomes biodiversity were studied for one year in an island located in Paraná Delta, Argentina. Dry weight and number of basidiomes were measured. We found 28 species belonging to Agaricomycetes: 26 species of Agaricales, one species of Polyporales and one species of Russulales.