Aphyllophoraceous Wood-Inhabiting Fungi on Quercus Spp. in Italy
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The Lichens' Microbiota, Still a Mystery?
fmicb-12-623839 March 24, 2021 Time: 15:25 # 1 REVIEW published: 30 March 2021 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.623839 The Lichens’ Microbiota, Still a Mystery? Maria Grimm1*, Martin Grube2, Ulf Schiefelbein3, Daniela Zühlke1, Jörg Bernhardt1 and Katharina Riedel1 1 Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, 2 Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria, 3 Botanical Garden, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany Lichens represent self-supporting symbioses, which occur in a wide range of terrestrial habitats and which contribute significantly to mineral cycling and energy flow at a global scale. Lichens usually grow much slower than higher plants. Nevertheless, lichens can contribute substantially to biomass production. This review focuses on the lichen symbiosis in general and especially on the model species Lobaria pulmonaria L. Hoffm., which is a large foliose lichen that occurs worldwide on tree trunks in undisturbed forests with long ecological continuity. In comparison to many other lichens, L. pulmonaria is less tolerant to desiccation and highly sensitive to air pollution. The name- giving mycobiont (belonging to the Ascomycota), provides a protective layer covering a layer of the green-algal photobiont (Dictyochloropsis reticulata) and interspersed cyanobacterial cell clusters (Nostoc spec.). Recently performed metaproteome analyses Edited by: confirm the partition of functions in lichen partnerships. The ample functional diversity Nathalie Connil, Université de Rouen, France of the mycobiont contrasts the predominant function of the photobiont in production Reviewed by: (and secretion) of energy-rich carbohydrates, and the cyanobiont’s contribution by Dirk Benndorf, nitrogen fixation. In addition, high throughput and state-of-the-art metagenomics and Otto von Guericke University community fingerprinting, metatranscriptomics, and MS-based metaproteomics identify Magdeburg, Germany Guilherme Lanzi Sassaki, the bacterial community present on L. -
How Many Fungi Make Sclerotia?
fungal ecology xxx (2014) 1e10 available at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Short Communication How many fungi make sclerotia? Matthew E. SMITHa,*, Terry W. HENKELb, Jeffrey A. ROLLINSa aUniversity of Florida, Department of Plant Pathology, Gainesville, FL 32611-0680, USA bHumboldt State University of Florida, Department of Biological Sciences, Arcata, CA 95521, USA article info abstract Article history: Most fungi produce some type of durable microscopic structure such as a spore that is Received 25 April 2014 important for dispersal and/or survival under adverse conditions, but many species also Revision received 23 July 2014 produce dense aggregations of tissue called sclerotia. These structures help fungi to survive Accepted 28 July 2014 challenging conditions such as freezing, desiccation, microbial attack, or the absence of a Available online - host. During studies of hypogeous fungi we encountered morphologically distinct sclerotia Corresponding editor: in nature that were not linked with a known fungus. These observations suggested that Dr. Jean Lodge many unrelated fungi with diverse trophic modes may form sclerotia, but that these structures have been overlooked. To identify the phylogenetic affiliations and trophic Keywords: modes of sclerotium-forming fungi, we conducted a literature review and sequenced DNA Chemical defense from fresh sclerotium collections. We found that sclerotium-forming fungi are ecologically Ectomycorrhizal diverse and phylogenetically dispersed among 85 genera in 20 orders of Dikarya, suggesting Plant pathogens that the ability to form sclerotia probably evolved 14 different times in fungi. Saprotrophic ª 2014 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved. Sclerotium Fungi are among the most diverse lineages of eukaryotes with features such as a hyphal thallus, non-flagellated cells, and an estimated 5.1 million species (Blackwell, 2011). -
A Tribute to Oliver Lathe Gilbert
The Lichenologist 37(6): 467–475 (2005) 2005 The British Lichen Society doi:10.1017/S0024282905900042 Printed in the United Kingdom A tribute to Oliver Lathe Gilbert 7 September 1936–15 May 2005 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.42, on 02 Oct 2021 at 19:57:54, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282905900042 468 THE LICHENOLOGIST Vol. 37 Oliver Gilbert was a pioneer, an outstanding books on mountaineering and hill walking field botanist and inspirational scientist. He including the now classic ‘Big Walks’, worked in the broad fields of urban and ‘Classic Walks’ and ‘Wild Walks’ and the lichen ecology and had almost 40 years of award winning ‘Exploring the Far North teaching and research experience within West of Scotland’. His uncle was the universities. Above all he was very approach- mycologist Geoffrey Ainsworth, a former able, an excellent teacher and fun to be with. Director of the (former) International Oliver was a leading figure in the British Mycological Institute and author of several Lichen Society serving as BLS Bulletin classic texts on mycology. Oliver’s literary Editor (1980–89 except 1987), President talents, following a fine family tradition, (1976–77) and was a frequent Council likewise later excelled. Member. He was elected an Honorary After the war his family moved to Member in 1997 and received the prestig- Harpenden where he attended St Georges ious Ursula Duncan Award in January 2004. School. As St Georges did not offer ‘A’ level Oliver had an exceptional ability to find rare Biology, his parents sent him to Watford and interesting lichens and plant communi- Grammar School. -
Shropshire Fungus Checklist 2010
THE CHECKLIST OF SHROPSHIRE FUNGI 2011 Contents Page Introduction 2 Name changes 3 Taxonomic Arrangement (with page numbers) 19 Checklist 25 Indicator species 229 Rare and endangered fungi in /Shropshire (Excluding BAP species) 230 Important sites for fungi in Shropshire 232 A List of BAP species and their status in Shropshire 233 Acknowledgements and References 234 1 CHECKLIST OF SHROPSHIRE FUNGI Introduction The county of Shropshire (VC40) is large and landlocked and contains all major habitats, apart from coast and dune. These include the uplands of the Clees, Stiperstones and Long Mynd with their associated heath land, forested land such as the Forest of Wyre and the Mortimer Forest, the lowland bogs and meres in the north of the county, and agricultural land scattered with small woodlands and copses. This diversity makes Shropshire unique. The Shropshire Fungus Group has been in existence for 18 years. (Inaugural meeting 6th December 1992. The aim was to produce a fungus flora for the county. This aim has not yet been realised for a number of reasons, chief amongst these are manpower and cost. The group has however collected many records by trawling the archives, contributions from interested individuals/groups, and by field meetings. It is these records that are published here. The first Shropshire checklist was published in 1997. Many more records have now been added and nearly 40,000 of these have now been added to the national British Mycological Society’s database, the Fungus Record Database for Britain and Ireland (FRDBI). During this ten year period molecular biology, i.e. DNA analysis has been applied to fungal classification. -
Re-Thinking the Classification of Corticioid Fungi
mycological research 111 (2007) 1040–1063 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi Karl-Henrik LARSSON Go¨teborg University, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Box 461, SE 405 30 Go¨teborg, Sweden article info abstract Article history: Corticioid fungi are basidiomycetes with effused basidiomata, a smooth, merulioid or Received 30 November 2005 hydnoid hymenophore, and holobasidia. These fungi used to be classified as a single Received in revised form family, Corticiaceae, but molecular phylogenetic analyses have shown that corticioid fungi 29 June 2007 are distributed among all major clades within Agaricomycetes. There is a relative consensus Accepted 7 August 2007 concerning the higher order classification of basidiomycetes down to order. This paper Published online 16 August 2007 presents a phylogenetic classification for corticioid fungi at the family level. Fifty putative Corresponding Editor: families were identified from published phylogenies and preliminary analyses of unpub- Scott LaGreca lished sequence data. A dataset with 178 terminal taxa was compiled and subjected to phy- logenetic analyses using MP and Bayesian inference. From the analyses, 41 strongly Keywords: supported and three unsupported clades were identified. These clades are treated as fam- Agaricomycetes ilies in a Linnean hierarchical classification and each family is briefly described. Three ad- Basidiomycota ditional families not covered by the phylogenetic analyses are also included in the Molecular systematics classification. All accepted corticioid genera are either referred to one of the families or Phylogeny listed as incertae sedis. Taxonomy ª 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction develop a downward-facing basidioma. -
Characterization of a Basidiomycete Fungus from Stored Sugar Beet Roots
Mycologia, 104(1), 2012, pp. 70–78. DOI: 10.3852/10-416 # 2012 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Characterization of a Basidiomycete fungus from stored sugar beet roots Takeshi Toda1 sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) harvested from commer- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural cial fields in 2006 and 2007 in Idaho (USA) after University, Akita, Japan 010-0195 approximately 60 d at 1.7 C under high relative Carl A. Strausbaugh humidity (97–100%) indoors (FIG. 1A, B). Fungal United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural growth continued after the initial observation, and Research Service NWISRL, 3793 N. 3600 E. Kimberly, mycelium extended 15 cm or more from the sugar Idaho 83341-5076 beet roots after 90 d and formed a white crust on the surface of the roots when removed from humid Marianela Rodriguez-Carres environment. Similar observations were made on Marc A. Cubeta roots of sugar beet stored in outdoor piles under Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7616 ambient environmental conditions. The presence of the unknown fungus was shown by Strausbaugh et al. (2009) to be correlated with loss of Abstract: Eighteen isolates from sugar beet roots sucrose from stored sugar beet roots, particularly associated with an unknown etiology were character- from roots infected with Beet necrotic yellow vein ized based on observations of morphological charac- virus (BNYVV). For example, when sugar beet roots ters, hyphal growth at 4–28 C, production of phenol were infected with BNYVV and stored in an indoor oxidases and sequence analysis of internal transcribed facility in Paul, Idaho, in 2007 and 2008, 27 and 40% spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) regions of the of the root surface was covered with growth of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). -
Notes, Outline and Divergence Times of Basidiomycota
Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,- volV) Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota 1,2,3 1,4 3 5 5 Mao-Qiang He • Rui-Lin Zhao • Kevin D. Hyde • Dominik Begerow • Martin Kemler • 6 7 8,9 10 11 Andrey Yurkov • Eric H. C. McKenzie • Olivier Raspe´ • Makoto Kakishima • Santiago Sa´nchez-Ramı´rez • 12 13 14 15 16 Else C. Vellinga • Roy Halling • Viktor Papp • Ivan V. Zmitrovich • Bart Buyck • 8,9 3 17 18 1 Damien Ertz • Nalin N. Wijayawardene • Bao-Kai Cui • Nathan Schoutteten • Xin-Zhan Liu • 19 1 1,3 1 1 1 Tai-Hui Li • Yi-Jian Yao • Xin-Yu Zhu • An-Qi Liu • Guo-Jie Li • Ming-Zhe Zhang • 1 1 20 21,22 23 Zhi-Lin Ling • Bin Cao • Vladimı´r Antonı´n • Teun Boekhout • Bianca Denise Barbosa da Silva • 18 24 25 26 27 Eske De Crop • Cony Decock • Ba´lint Dima • Arun Kumar Dutta • Jack W. Fell • 28 29 30 31 Jo´ zsef Geml • Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad • Admir J. Giachini • Tatiana B. Gibertoni • 32 33,34 17 35 Sergio P. Gorjo´ n • Danny Haelewaters • Shuang-Hui He • Brendan P. Hodkinson • 36 37 38 39 40,41 Egon Horak • Tamotsu Hoshino • Alfredo Justo • Young Woon Lim • Nelson Menolli Jr. • 42 43,44 45 46 47 Armin Mesˇic´ • Jean-Marc Moncalvo • Gregory M. Mueller • La´szlo´ G. Nagy • R. Henrik Nilsson • 48 48 49 2 Machiel Noordeloos • Jorinde Nuytinck • Takamichi Orihara • Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan • 50,51 52 53 Mario Rajchenberg • Alexandre G. -
A Revised Family-Level Classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota)
fungal biology 121 (2017) 798e824 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funbio A revised family-level classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota) Alfredo JUSTOa,*, Otto MIETTINENb, Dimitrios FLOUDASc, € Beatriz ORTIZ-SANTANAd, Elisabet SJOKVISTe, Daniel LINDNERd, d €b f Karen NAKASONE , Tuomo NIEMELA , Karl-Henrik LARSSON , Leif RYVARDENg, David S. HIBBETTa aDepartment of Biology, Clark University, 950 Main St, Worcester, 01610, MA, USA bBotanical Museum, University of Helsinki, PO Box 7, 00014, Helsinki, Finland cDepartment of Biology, Microbial Ecology Group, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden dCenter for Forest Mycology Research, US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, 53726, WI, USA eScotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh Campus, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK fNatural History Museum, University of Oslo, PO Box 1172, Blindern, NO 0318, Oslo, Norway gInstitute of Biological Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway article info abstract Article history: Polyporales is strongly supported as a clade of Agaricomycetes, but the lack of a consensus Received 21 April 2017 higher-level classification within the group is a barrier to further taxonomic revision. We Accepted 30 May 2017 amplified nrLSU, nrITS, and rpb1 genes across the Polyporales, with a special focus on the Available online 16 June 2017 latter. We combined the new sequences with molecular data generated during the Poly- Corresponding Editor: PEET project and performed Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Ursula Peintner Analyses of our final 3-gene dataset (292 Polyporales taxa) provide a phylogenetic overview of the order that we translate here into a formal family-level classification. -
Marchandiobasidium Aurantiacum Gen. Sp. Nov., the Teleomorph of Marchandiomyces Aurantiacus (Basidiomycota, Ceratobasidiales)
Mycol. Res. 107 (5): 523–527 (May 2003). f The British Mycological Society 523 DOI: 10.1017/S0953756203007639 Printed in the United Kingdom. Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum gen. sp. nov., the teleomorph of Marchandiomyces aurantiacus (Basidiomycota, Ceratobasidiales) Paul DIEDERICH1, Ben SCHULTHEIS2 and Meredith BLACKWELL3 1 Muse´e national d’histoire naturelle, 25 rue Munster, L-2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. 2 20 rue du Village, L-3311 Abweiler, Luxembourg. 3 Department of Biological Sciences Laboratory, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA. E-mail : [email protected] Received 2 April 2002; accepted 20 February 2003. The name Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum gen. sp. nov. is introduced for the teleomorph of Marchandiomyces aurantiacus. Dolipore septa and septal pore caps of the closely related Marchandiomyces corallinus are typical of the Ceratobasidiales, and the basidiomatal characters of Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum are reminiscent of those of the monotypic genus Waitea. Morphological, ultrastructural and molecular data suggest that Marchandiobasidium should not be included in Waitea, but should be treated as a distinct genus. INTRODUCTION of a new genus, Marchandiobasidium, for the teleo- morph. Lichenicolous fungi that produce sclerotia are rare, although one widespread and common, lichenicolous and algicolous species, Athelia arachnoidea, is known. Another fungus, Leucogyrophana lichenicola, confined MATERIAL AND METHODS to Cladonia and Stereocaulon thalli in boreal regions of Material and light microscopy Europe and America, has been described as producing conspicuous sclerotia (Thorn, Malloch & Ginns 1998). Fresh material, deposited in LG and in the private The form-genus Marchandiomyces Diederich & D. collection of P.D., has been studied macroscopically Hawksw. 1990, of which only the sclerotial morph was and microscopically, mounted in water or in a mixture known, includes at least two widespread lichenicolous of KOH, Congo Red and Phloxin. -
Genera of Corticioid Fungi: Keys, Nomenclature and Taxonomy Article
Studies in Fungi 5(1): 125–309 (2020) www.studiesinfungi.org ISSN 2465-4973 Article Doi 10.5943/sif/5/1/12 Genera of corticioid fungi: keys, nomenclature and taxonomy Gorjón SP BIOCONS – Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain Gorjón SP 2020 – Genera of corticioid fungi: keys, nomenclature, and taxonomy. Studies in Fungi 5(1), 125–309, Doi 10.5943/sif/5/1/12 Abstract A review of the worldwide corticioid homobasidiomycetes genera is presented. A total of 620 genera are considered with comments on their taxonomy and nomenclature. Of them, about 420 are accepted and keyed out, described in detail with remarks on their taxonomy and systematics. Key words – Corticiaceae – Crust fungi – Diversity – Homobasidiomycetes Introduction Corticioid fungi are a diverse and heterogeneous group of fungi mainly referred to basidiomycete fungi in which basidiomes are generally resupinate. Basidiome construction is often simple, and in most cases, only generative hyphae are found. In more structured basidiomes, those with a reflexed margin or with a pileate surface, more or less sclerified hyphae are usually found. Even the basidiome structure is apparently not very complex, hymenophore configuration should be highly variable finding smooth surfaces or different variations to increase the spore production area such as rugose, tuberculate, aculeate, merulioid, folded, or poroid hymenial surfaces. It is often thought that corticioid fungi produce unattractive and little variable forms and, in most cases, they go unnoticed by most mycologists as ungraceful forms that ‘cover sticks and look like a paint stain’. Although the macroscopic variability compared to other fungi is, but not always, usually limited, under the microscope they surprise with a great diversity of forms of basidia, cystidia, spores and other microscopic elements (Hjortstam et al. -
BLS Bulletin 108 Summer 2011.Pdf
BRITISH LICHEN SOCIETY OFFICERS AND CONTACTS 2011 PRESIDENT S.D. Ward, 14 Green Road, Ballyvaghan, Co. Clare, Ireland, email [email protected]. VICE-PRESIDENT B.P. Hilton, Beauregard, 5 Alscott Gardens, Alverdiscott, Barnstaple, Devon EX31 3QJ; e-mail [email protected] SECRETARY C. Ellis, Royal Botanic Garden, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR; email [email protected] TREASURER J.F. Skinner, 28 Parkanaur Avenue, Southend-on-Sea, Essex SS1 3HY, email [email protected] ASSISTANT TREASURER AND MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY H. Döring, Mycology Section, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, email [email protected] REGIONAL TREASURER (Americas) J.W. Hinds, 254 Forest Avenue, Orono, Maine 04473-3202, USA; email [email protected]. CHAIR OF THE DATA COMMITTEE D.J. Hill, Yew Tree Cottage, Yew Tree Lane, Compton Martin, Bristol BS40 6JS, email [email protected] MAPPING RECORDER AND ARCHIVIST M.R.D. Seaward, Department of Archaeological, Geographical & Environmental Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, email [email protected] DATA MANAGER J. Simkin, 41 North Road, Ponteland, Newcastle upon Tyne NE20 9UN, email [email protected] SENIOR EDITOR (LICHENOLOGIST) P.D. Crittenden, School of Life Science, The University, Nottingham NG7 2RD, email [email protected] BULLETIN EDITOR P.F. Cannon, CABI and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew; postal address Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, email [email protected] CHAIR OF CONSERVATION COMMITTEE & CONSERVATION OFFICER B.W. Edwards, DERC, Library Headquarters, Colliton Park, Dorchester, Dorset DT1 1XJ, email [email protected] CHAIR OF THE EDUCATION AND PROMOTION COMMITTEE: E. -
Corticioid Fungi from Arid and Semiarid Zones of the Canary Islands (Spain)
Corticioid fungi from arid and semiarid zones of the Canary Islands (Spain). Additional data. 2. ESPERANZA BELTRÁN-TEJERA1, J. LAURA RODRÍGUEZ-ARMAS1, M. TERESA TELLERIA2, MARGARITA DUEÑAS2, IRENEIA MELO3, M. JONATHAN DÍAZ-ARMAS1, ISABEL SALCEDO4 & JOSÉ CARDOSO3 1Dpto. de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 2Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain 3Jardim Botânico (MNHNC), Universidade de Lisboa/CBA-FCUL, Rua da Escola Politécnica 58, 1250-102 Lisboa, Portugal 4Dpto. de Biología Vegetal y Ecología (Botánica), Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) Aptdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain * CORRESPONDENCE TO: [email protected] ABSTRACT — A study of the corticioid fungi collected in the arid, semiarid, and dry zones of the Canary Islands is presented. A total of eighty species, most of them growing on woody plants, was found. Nineteen species are reported for the first time from the archipelago (Asterostroma gaillardii, Athelia arachnoidea, Botryobasidium laeve, Byssomerulius hirtellus, Candelabrochaete septocystidia, Corticium meridioroseum, Crustoderma longicystidiatum, Hjortstamia amethystea, Hyphoderma malençonii, Leptosporomyces mutabilis, Lyomyces erastii, Peniophora tamaricicola, Phanerochaete omnivora, Phlebia albida, Radulomyces rickii, Steccherinum robustius, Trechispora praefocata, Tubulicrinis incrassatus, and T. medius). The importance of endemic plants, such as Rumex lunaria, Euphorbia lamarckii, E. canariensis, Kleinia neriifolia, Echium aculeatum, and Juniperus