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Elul 5763 Edah, Inc.©2003 The EdahJournal3:2 The Edah Journal ELUL 5763/CONTENTS Pesaq orPersuasion HalakhahandPesaq:Continued DiscussionOf" Values, COMMUNICATIONS Jonathan Sacks " Cultural DiversityWithoutMoralRelativism: REVIEW ESSAY Of BooksandBans A intheJewishDaySchool: Arts The CaseStudy An 1873ResponsumonEducation Amsterdam: LiepmannPhillipPrinsof To RaphaelHirsch Rabbi Sampson Bible Education andOverviewsInOrthodox Meta-Themes Avoiding Fear oftheForest: Reading: Torah andPublic Women Congregational DignityandHumanDignity: ARTICLES Editor's Introductiontothe CONTENTS Challenges ContemporaryDangersandProspective Mysticism: MedievalRoots And Escapism:ContinuedDiscussionof" Mysticism, Hasidism The Dignity of Difference: How to Avoid theClashOfCivilizations, Avoid The DignityofDifference:Howto Eugene Korn Yehuda Gellman,LippmanBodoff Yehuda David Shasha Marc B.Shapiro Ed Codish David Ellenson Esther OrensteinLapian Daniel Sperber Gil Student, Reuven Singer Gil Student, " " Elul 5763 Edition Halakhic Values: Jewish " by Editor's Introduction to Elul 5763 Edition Welcome to the Elul 5763 edition of The Edah Journal.No verses and commentary, at the expense of student inter- articles published in the Journal have generated greater est in and deeper comprehension of the text. The essay discussion than those in the Sivan 5761 edition authored offers a pedagogy of "extensive reading" to overcome by Rabbis Mendel Shapiro and Yehudah Herzl Henkin this tendency and enumerates an inventory of skills for analysing the halakhic issues surrounding qeri'at ha-Torah successful extensive reading of biblical literature. for women. R. Shapiro argued for the halakhic legitimacy of the practice in selected communities, while R. Henkin Also in the arena of Jewish education, Professor David argued against the implementation of this innovation. In Ellenson, a well-known scholar of traditional responsa this edition Professor Daniel Sperber, a world-renowned and President of Hebrew Union College, offers an intro- rabbi, writer and halakhic authority in Israel, makes an duction and translation of in interesting responsum by important contribution to that debate. His article, Rabbi Sampson Raphael Hirsch. The rabbi was asked Congregational Dignity and Human Dignity, goes beyond R. whether the elite financiers of Jewish communal institu- Shapiro's thesis, claiming that qeri'at ha-Torah is not mere- tions—including parochial schools educating the sons ly permissible, but halakhically desirable owing to the high- and daughters of the less wealthy—are obligated to enrol er halakhic priority of kevod ha-beriyot (human dignity) their own children in schools that provide intensive over kevod ha-tsibbur (communal dignity). Like R. Shapiro, Jewish education. Not surprisingly, R. Hirsch responded R. Sperber limits his recommendation to those commu- that noblesse oblige offers no dispensation from the classic nities where women desire to be given aliyot and the obligation of Jewish parents providing meaningful Torah denial of such an option causes hardship or embarrass- education to their children. On the contrary argued R. ment. As was the Journal's policy in publishing the origi- Hirsch, the obligation to educate their own children in nal articles, it is important to state that R. Sperber's essay the depths of Torah precedes any obligation to provide should not be construed as a binding halakhic decision such education to other Jewish children. The teshuvah is an taken either by the Journal or by Edah. We offer it as a interesting insight into the sociology and axiology of the basis for scholarly analysis and halakhic discourse only. 19th century German Jewish community of R. Hirsch's time, and also holds much practical wisdom for the com- "The Book of Job is about the problem of evil?" So munal practice of 21st century American Jewry. One can asked a young student after years of yeshivah education. In easily reflect on the salutary impact to Jewish life were the Fear of the Forest, Esther Orenstein Lapian, a master- super-rich of the American Jewish community—many of teacher of Tanakh in Israel, discusses the issue of whom have displayed great generosity in supporting Orthodox Bible education avoiding "Meta-Themes" and Jewish education—to provide their children with serious overviews in its traditional pedagogic techniques. The Torah education. author maintains that broad themes are critical both to effective teaching and understanding the Torah. Yeshivah Should the arts be an important part of Jewish day school and day school education too often focuses on individual education? Are they philosophically and halakhically The Edah Journal 3.2 / Elul 5763 Korn 1 desirable, and if so is a serious arts program realistic has greater inherent legitimacy within Jewish values than given the demands of day school curriculum? Ed Codish, within Platonic or Christian thought. Mr. Sasha finds R. an experienced teacher in the graphic and literary arts, Sacks' thesis to be a valuable guide to shaping a better offers a case study of a substantive arts program in future for both the Jewish people and humanity. Jewish education. He argues that complex issues arise when a day school attempts to institute a rigorous arts Departing from the Journal's standard policy, we have program that is evaluated for excellence of artistic chosen to publish extended interchanges on articles in accomplishment. The selection of teacher and commit- the last edition (Tevet 5763). The first set of communica- ment to the extra-curriculum demands of such a pro- tions is between Mr. Gil Student and Rabbi Reuven gram are the keys to the success of quality arts in a Jewish Singer, regarding R. Singer's article "Halakhic Values: Pesaq day school. or Persuasion." Mr. Student takes issue with R. Singer's analysis of the positions of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik Freedom of speech and pluralistic disagreement are (as described by Rabbi Meyer Twersky) and Rabbi Saul foundational values of American society, yet any Berman regarding the enforceablity of non-formal Orthodox community must, by virtue of its ideological halakhic values. R. Singer parries with an insistence that and halakhic commitments, accept constraints upon this the Rav's position on this complex matter is nuanced and liberal vision. Despite this fact, Professor Marc B. open to disagreement, and that while the Rav is still an Shapiro maintains in Of Books and Bans that the recent unrivaled authority within Modern Orthodoxy, it is well controversial bans on The Making of a Gadol by Nathan within legitimate halakhic methodology for R. Berman to Kaminetsky and The Dignity of Difference by Jonathan offer a dissenting opinion in this matter. The second set Sacks are unusual in contemporary Orthodox Jewish his- of communications is between Professor Yehuda tory. This essay evaluates the literary and scholarly merits Gellman and Mr. Lippman Bodoff, regarding the latter's of the first book, and examines rabbinic opinions as study of the roots and problematics of contemporary sources of support for R. Sacks' thesis of religious plu- mysticism. Gellman asserts that Bodoff has committed ralism found in the second book. While religious plural- the genetic fallacy in his understanding of contemporary ism—whether R. Sacks' version or other varieties—is a hasidism and has overlooked the beneficial dimensions of thesis that has received little explicit attention in that religious life. Bodoff responds that a careful reading Orthodox discourse, it is the "elephant in the room," an of his essay meets Gellman’s objections. undeniable presence underlying the questions of many Modern Orthodox Jews as they participate in pluralistic Once again, I invite you to join the discussion stimulated American life. R. Sacks' raising of the issue, and by The Edah Journal by communicating your thoughts on Professor Shapiro's initial scholarly exploration rabbinic these and other published essays. Reader responses opinion are controversial yet welcomed developments in should be sent to [email protected]. Orthodoxy's forthright attempt to come to grips with modern life and values. In a related review essay, David Shasha examines R. B'vrakhah, Sacks' book and the pluralism thesis in the context of modern and post-modern intellectual trends. He outlines how R. Sacks understands the thesis' implications for contemporary globalization, intolerance, technology and philosophy, and how the concept of religious difference The Edah Journal 3.2 / Elul 5763 Korn 2 l a n r CONGREGATIONAL DIGNITY AND u HUMAN DIGNITY: WOMEN AND PUB- o LIC TORAH READING J h a Daniel Sperber d Biography: Rabbi Daniel Sperber is the Milan Roven Professor E of Talmudic Research at Bar Ilan University and rabbi of Congregation Menachem Zion in the Old City of Jerusalem. In 1992 he received the Israel Prize, Israel's highest award and is the e author of Minhagei Yisrael, a seven volume work. h Abstract: Since the principle of kevod ha-beriyot overrides that T of kevod ha-tsibur in classic halakhic argumentation, this article argues that in congregations where women genuinely wish to have greater participation in the synagogue service and an inabili- ty to do so causes them hardship, women should be called to the Torah and read their portions should they desire. The Edah Journal 3:2 Edah, Inc. © 2002 Elul 5763 CONGREGATIONAL DIGNITY AND HUMAN DIGNITY:WOMEN AND PUBLIC TORAH READING* Daniel Sperber I intend in this article to consider in a broader context the absolutely agree with you that this is how we are to treat rabbinic statement that women are not given aliyyot (that halakhah. But, to use the same image, I think that what is, are not called up to the Torah during its public read- we must do is follow the river upstream, to its source. ing) because doing so would be an affront to congrega- When we do so, we find that its current is not uniform; tional dignity (kevod ha-tsibur). In a recent conversation, a sometimes it runs slowly and sometimes much faster. Its good friend of mine — a scholar and profound halakhic course is affected by topography, geology, climate, the thinker —remarked that the question was not really one previous winter's rainfall, and so on.