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Search for Axions from the Sun (Theofisti Dafni, T.U. Darmstadt)

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Search for Axions from the Sun (Theofisti Dafni, T.U. Darmstadt) Search for Axions from the Sun Theopisti Dafni IKP/Technische Universität-Darmstadt, for the CAST Collaboration Les Rencontres de Physique de la Valée d’ Aoste 2004, La Thuile Outline: -Axions -Ideas & Fulfillment -CAST : Description -Magnet,platform,cryogenics,tracking -X-Ray Telescope & X-Ray Detectors -Preliminary Results -Other ‘applications’ Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Axions α (Pseudoscalar particles, similar to π° (Massless (Nambu-Goldstone boson of PQ Symmetry) but can acquire an effective mass interacting with gluons ¾Therefore the two mix: they “share” their mass m αfπ ≈ mπ f α ( axions’ couplings to photons and nucleons PQ Symmetry: are approximately fπ /fα times those of π° Peccei & Quinn: CP invariance of the strong interactions expected in QCD, for depending on the axion model used a non vanishing scalar field that gives mass to a fermion through a Yukawa coupling. Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Axions α Destiny: mix with π° → Couple with two photons !! Lαγ = gαγ (E•B)a Allows α↔γ in the presence of E or B Primakoff (1951) [π°→γγ] PRIMAKOFF EFFECT Any scalar or pseudoscalar particles: axion-like particles Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Axions α PRIMAKOFF EFFECT Stellar interior → the Sun!! Solar Axions Flux [K.van Bibber et al.,1989] Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Axions α Transverse magnetic field (B) X-ray X-ray detector L Signal: X-rays while tracking (magnet pointing to the Sun) over background To preserve Coherence: |M|2 = 1 Lazarus et al., Brookhaven Tokyo Helioscope:B~4T, L~2m Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Axions: Extending the coherence to higher axion masses... •Coherence for higher masses by using buffer gas. •Fill magnetic channels with helium •The photon acquires an effective mass: mγ > 0 •Momentum transfer is (as opposed to ) •Coherence condition(qL<< 1) is recovered for a narrow mass range around mγ •mγ can be adjusted by changing the gas pressure: •Thus, changing the pressure of the gas will allow to be sensitive to an extended range of higher axion masses Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Prospects CAST Sensitivity plot Phase II and up (?) Filling the magnet bores with helium the photon acquires an effective mass: mγ > 0 and by changing the gas pressure we are sensitive to different masses To Start in 2005 Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 The Collaboration Canada Vancouver, University of British Columbia, Department of Physics Greece, Thessaloniki Aristotle University of Thessaloníki Michael HASINOFF Spyridon DEDOUSSIS, Christos ELEFTHERIADIS, Anastasios Croatia, Zagreb LIOLIOS, Argyrios NIKOLAIDIS, Ilias SAVVIDIS, Konstantin Ruder Boskovic Institute ZIOUTAS Milica KRCMAR, Biljana LAKIC , Ante LJUBICIC Italy, Pisa Scuola Normale Superiore (SNS) France, Gif-Sur-Yvette Luigi DI LELLA Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA-Saclay), DAPNIA Russia, Moskva Samuel ANDRIAMONJE,Stephan AUNE ,Alain DELBART, Esther Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Nuclear FERRER, Ioanis GIOMATARIS, Emile PASQUETTO, Jean Pierre Research (INR) ROBERT Alexandre BELOV, Sergei GNINENKO, Nikolai GOLOUBEV Germany, Darmstadt Spain, Zaragoza Technische Universitat Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Theopisti DAFNI, Dieter HOFFMANN, Manfred MUTTERER Física Nuclear y Altas Energías Germany, Frankfurt Berta BELTRAN, Jose CARMONA, Susana CEBRIAN, Gloria Applied Physics LUZON, Angel MORALES, Julio MORALES, Alfonso ORTIZ DE Vladimir ARSOV, Joachim JACOBY SOLORZANO, Jaime RUZ, Maria SARSA, Jose VILLAR Germany, Freiburg Switzerland, Geneve Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Klaus BARTH, Enrico CHESI, Gino CIPOLLA, Martyn Horst FISCHER, Juergen FRANZ , Fritz Hertbert HEINSIUS, DAVENPORT, Michel DELATTRE, Rui DE OLIVEIRA, Fabio Donghwa KANG, Kay KÖNIGSMANN, Christian SCHILL FORMENTI, Igor IRASTORZA, Jean-Noel JOUX, Christian Germany, Garching LASSEUR, Angelika LIPPITSCH, Thomas PAPAEVANGELOU, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), Max-Planck-Institut für Alfredo PLACCI, Laura STEWART, Bruno VULLIERME, Louis Extraterrestrische Physik WALCKIERS Heinrich BRAUNINGER, Jakob ENGLHAUSER , Markus KUSTER United States of America, Chicago, Il Germany, Muenchen University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Werner-Heisenberg-Institut Taylor AUNE, Juan COLLAR, Joaquin VIEIRA Rainer KOTTHAUS, Gerhard LUTZ, Georg RAFFELT United States of America, Columbia, Sc Greece, Athens University of South Carolina, Department of Physics and National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos" (NRCPS) Astronomy George FANOURAKIS, Theodoros GERALIS, Katerina Frank AVIGNONE, Richard CRESWICK, Horacio FARACH ZACHARIADOU,Kostas KOUSOURIS Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Cern Axion Solar Telescope Sunset Photon detectors Sunrise Photon detectors Sunrise axions Sunset axions DecomissionedDecomissionedLLCHCH test test magnet magnet RotatingRotating platform platform 33 X-ray X-ray detectors detectors X-rayX-ray Focusing Focusing Device Device Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 CAST is here: LEP Point 8 (former DELPHI point) Building SR8 Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Magnet,platform,cryogenics L= 10 m B=9 T CAST Experimental area Æ100 times better SR8 than any other !! 4He flexible line Magnet Feed Box Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Magnet,platform,cryogenics Power Supply Cold Box Counting room Looking at the sunset… Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Magnet,platform,cryogenics Moving platform: alignment with the Sun for ~50days per year MagnetMagnet atat -8°-8° Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Magnet,platform,cryogenics MagnetMagnet atat +8°+8° Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Magnet,platform,cryogenics Tracking system •Motors •Encoders •E. ReadoutÆ computer •Software with astronomical calculations •Interface to move magnet •New angle encoders •Calibrated and correlated with celestial coordinatesÆ high precision geometer measurement Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Magnet,platform,cryogenics Looking at the sunrise… MARCH’03 TwiceTwice aa yearyear (September&March)(September&March) wewe cancan filmfilm thethe SunSun throughthrough thethe windowwindow SEPTEMBER’03 Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Magnet,platform,cryogenics Slow Control system Pressure & load logging Continuous status monitoring (valves, detector gas, various alarms Mail and GSM notification On-line plots & history recall utilities. Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 X-Ray Telescope & X-Ray Detectors: (X-Ray Telescope (Focusing Device) (Detectors (CCD (TPC (Micromegas Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 The X-Ray Telescope Telescope-Magnet Alignment Space technology: Spare part of the ABRIXAS Space mission Telescope on the Magnet with the CCD in place Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 The X-Ray Telescope ~35% efficiency due to reflections 50mm ∅ 1mm ∅ 1.7 m (27 nested pairs of mirrors (From 50mm∅(LHC magnet aperture) to ~1mm∅ signal-to-noise improvement (up to 200!!!) Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 CCD (Excellent Energy Resolution 55Fe 5.9keV lines K,L < 0.5 keV (Excellent Space Resolution Pixel size: 150µm x 150µm Surface : 1x3 cm2 Optimum working temperature:-130°C Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 CCD (Background: -4 -1 -1 -2 ~10 events keV s cm Cu shield (Efficiency close to 100% over the Cu-K full energy range (works in vacuum without window) (Constrained only Background,03.04.2003,14 hrs by the telescope Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 TPC (Conventional therefore robust and stable (Position sensitive (3mm spacing) (48 anode wires(x) (96 cathode wires(y) (time (!) Exploded View Both windows with data from PANTER Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 TPC 55Fe Calibration spectrum Clean materials + shielding (polyethylene+copper+ancient lead) 1.85 × 10-4 NO SHIELDING c/keV/sec/c m2 -5 SHIELDING 6.83 × 10 c/keV/sec/cm2 SHIELDING -5 + N FLUX 4.38 × 10 2 c/keV/sec/cm2 Low Background: <10-5 counts keV-1cm-2s-1 Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Micromegas CAST Prototype: x-y structure: 192 charge collection strips for x 192 charge collection strips for y Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Micromegas 6.4 keV X-ray Spectrum Plot with data from PANTER (X-Ray detection Threshold: ~0.6KeV (95%Ar+5%Isobutane) (Background rate: 10-4-10-5 events keV-1s-1cm-2 Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Analysis: CCD PRELIMINARY All data within the CCD area No position information used Tracking energy spectrum overlaid with scaled background Prominent CuKa and CuKb fluorescence lines Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Analysis: CCD PRELIMINARY CCD upper Limit g αγγ from fit to background subtracted data 0 0.23 0.47 0.72 0.95 1.19 1.43 Subtracted Spectrum -10 -1 g αγγ (95%)< 1.1×10 GeV Theopisti Dafni Search for Axions from the Sun La Thuile, 2004 Analysis: CCD CCD position information to be used
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