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Big Blue Waitākere Report

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Big Blue Waitākere Report Big Blue Waitākere Coastal and Marine Information Report Bethells Lake High energy west coast (Te Henga) Wainamu Auckland’s largest regional park Anawhata An abundance of native vegetation Steep, rugged terrain Sand dunes Piha Parau Karekare Laingholm Huia Sheltered harbour environment Whatipu Muddy sand flats Boulder beaches Productive mangroves 8 management objectives 41 management actions 598 different species 17 fish species 7 marine mammal species 11 bird species 14 saline habitat types Prepared for Waitākere Ranges Local Board by Morphum Environmental Ltd. April 2018, Version 1.4. The research was undertaken for this report during 2016 and early 2017. Information released after this time may not be incorporated into the document. From the Deputy Chair The Waitākere Ranges local board area is intrinsically out management objectives and potential actions. We linked to the coastal and marine environment, with its want to use this to highlight the existing condition of our diverse habitats, plants, birds, marine mammals and fish. marine and coastal areas, and any issues in them which It is also prized as a hub for human activities, as we swim need addressing. in it, walk around it, fish in it and move through it. In doing this, we want to prompt a wide-ranging local The ways in which the environment and people interact conversation about our unique marine and coastal is not without cost. Aucklanders already know that some environment, how we interact with it and how we of our beaches and lagoons have levels of pollution that work together to protect and restore it. We invite the make swimming in them a hazard, and for some of these communities of the Waitākere Ranges to consider the waterways the situation has existed for a great deal of contents of this report carefully and to engage with us time. Locally and globally, threats to local flora and fauna in a discussion about what we can do as a community to are numerous and include greenhouse gas emissions and preserve and, where needed, improve our local treasure. associated climate change, ocean acidification and sea level rise. What we do as individuals and groups can and does impact on the quality of the wider marine and coastal environment. This means that it is also up to us to protect it and think about our relationship with it, now. We have commissioned this report to pull into one place detailed information on the northern beaches of Manukau Harbour and the West Coast. The report has special Saffron Toms topics on fisheries, recreation and safety, and also sets Deputy Chair – Waitākere Ranges Local Board Big Blue Waitākere Prepared for Waitākere Ranges Local Board by Morphum Environmental Ltd. This report is a guidance document to inform the Waitākere Ranges Local Board (WRLB) in proposing directions, priorities, and projects to protect and restore, or enhance unique marine and coastal areas within the jurisdiction of the local board. Morphum Environmental project reference number: P01482 Recommended Citation Davis, C., Ingley, R., Young, D., Howe, J., and Ferguson, R., (2018). Big Blue Waitākere: Coastal and Marine Information Report version 1.4. Prepared by Morphum Environmental Ltd for the Waitākere Ranges Local Board. Author Morphum Environmental Ltd Lead Author: Cat Davis Contributors: Damian Young and Rhian Ingley. Layout: Jennifer Howe (v1.1 and v1.2) and Nikki McLay (v1.4) Graphics and Maps: Jennifer Howe, Reuben Ferguson Introduction (pages 10–13): Original illustrations by Jennifer Howe Contributors Thanks and appreciation extended to all those who provided supporting information, data, artwork and illustrations, and feedback on earlier versions of this report, including: Waitākere Ranges Local Board Department of Conservation Saffron Toms Dion Fabbro Deputy Chairperson Coastal marine habitats and marine protected areas in the Sandra Coney QSO New Zealand Territorial Sea: a broad scale gap analysis. Greg Presland Department of Conservation and Ministry of Fisheries (2011) Chairperson Hannah Hendricks Neil Henderson Marine mammal sighting database (1978-2016) Steve Tollestrup The University of Auckland Denise Yates, JP James Russell Auckland Council Grey faced petrel data (Figure 4 and graphic on page 54-55) Simon Mills Vivian Ward Team Manager, Biodiversity Marine graphics (Hauraki Gulf Marine Park Tracey Parsons Series – Hauraki Gulf Forum) Ecologist, Biodiversity (North-west) Geospatial Data Sources Ann-Sophie Rodley Environmental Analyst, Environmental Services Unit Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) Data Service Dr Coral Grant https://data.linz.govt.nz/ Integrated Catchments – Principal, Wai Ora Land Air Water Aotearoa (LAWA) – Partnerships Team, Healthy Waters https://www.lawa.org.nz/ Tim Higham Ministry for Primary Industries – NZ Fisheries InfoSite Hauraki Gulf Forum http://fs.fish.govt.nz/Page.aspx?pk=91 Paul Klinac NABIS Coastal Management Services – Team Manager, Engineering http://www.nabis.govt.nz/ and Technical Services, Infrastructure & Environmental Services Ministry for the Environment Data Service Todd Landers PhD https://data.mfe.govt.nz/ Kaipūtaiao ā-Papa (Scientist – Terrestrial), Environmental Auckland Unitary Plan – Operative in Part, 2016 http:// Research & Evaluation, Research & Evaluation Unit (RIMU) unitaryplan.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/pages/plan/ Kaitlyn White Book.aspx?exhibit=AucklandUnitaryPlan_Print Parks Advisor – Waitākere Ranges; Parks, Sports and Recreation x.0Executive Nearshore Summary The Big Blue Waitākere report intended to be used as a guid- Part C: Finfish and Shellfish Fisheries ance document to inform the Waitākere Ranges Local Board (WRLB) in proposing directions, priorities and projects to pro- Part D: Recreation and Safety tect and enhance unique marine and coastal areas within the Part E: Management and Stakeholders board’s jurisdiction. • Management Objectives, Actions and Benefits The purpose in commissioning the report is to promote the • Stakeholder Involvement sustainable and adaptive management of the WRLB coastal and marine environment in order to: Throughout the report, the coastal and marine environment refers to the landforms or structures formed by coastal pro- • Identify and consolidate existing data, information and con- cesses, and the foreshore, seabed, and water and air from clusions that are currently available for the local board area. mean high water springs (MHWS) to 200 nautical miles (NM). Identify gaps in the current understanding and knowledge of the area. Auckland’s west coast faces the exposed Tasman Sea and is dominated by black sand beaches and jagged rocky shores. • Identify potential management objectives and actions to address the known issues. The sheltered northern coast of the Manukau Harbour fea- tures a combination of muddy sand flats, boulder beaches, • Present this information in a visually engaging report for- large shore platforms, pockets of rocky coast and extensive mat that has a communication style designed to appeal to a mangrove areas. wide audience, including the board, local communities and the general public. Some of the greatest threats to the diversity and resilience of marine and coastal habitats are global issues such as green- • Identify the stakeholder projects and involvement being house gas emissions and associated climate change, ocean undertaken which aim to improve environmental condition acidification and sea level rise. Several management actions in order to inform engagement in the future. identified relate to how the local board can advocate for local scale contributions to carbon emissions that contribute to The WRLB area encompasses approximately 58 km of coast- these global issues. line, extending from Raetahinga Point (north of Bethells – Te Henga) on the west coast to east of South Titirangi, French The key pressures affecting the marine and coastal habitats Bay and Wood Bay within Manukau Harbour. In most places, within the WRLB area include; urban development and dis- this coastline borders the Waitākere Ranges Regional Park, charge of contaminants; fishing pressure and methods; habitat consisting of 17,000 hectares of contiguous park land. This destruction; wastewater pollution; rubbish, plastics and marine area is protected by the Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area Act debris; invasive species; and potential risks associated with 2008 which acknowledges the area’s unique natural and cul- petroleum and sand exploration and mining. tural intrinsic values. While improvements have been made to local and regional management approaches, 90% of our native seabirds and The structure of the report is into five parts as follows: more than a quarter of our native marine mammals are threat- Part A: Manukau Harbour ened with or are at risk of extinction. The rapid expansion of • Coastal urbanised Auckland has resulted in coastal marine habitats and • Shore and Beach ecosystems becoming degraded. Chemical contaminants, high • Nearshore levels of nutrients and discharged sediments from waterways will continue to result in negative impacts. Even with the imple- Part B: West Coast mentation of best practice management, it is unknown how • Coastal irreversible these ecosystem-level changes may be. • Shore and Beach Eight overarching management objectives have been iden- • Nearshore tified for the WRLB marine environment. These objectives • Offshore provide a base for strategic planning decisions for local scale 2 3 anthropogenic impacts on the coastal and marine environ- 5. Threatened Species ment. Adopting an adaptive management approach through To
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