Lelambatan in Banjar Wani, Karambitan, Bali
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Innovative Approaches to Melodic Elaboration in Contemporary Tabuh Kreasibaru
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO MELODIC ELABORATION IN CONTEMPORARY TABUH KREASIBARU by PETER MICHAEL STEELE B.A., Pitzer College, 2003 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Music) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 2007 © Peter Michael Steele, 2007 ABSTRACT The following thesis has two goals. The first is to present a comparison of recent theories of Balinese music, specifically with regard to techniques of melodic elaboration. By comparing the work of Wayan Rai, Made Bandem, Wayne Vitale, and Michael Tenzer, I will investigate how various scholars choose to conceptualize melodic elaboration in modern genres of Balinese gamelan. The second goal is to illustrate the varying degrees to which contemporary composers in the form known as Tabuh Kreasi are expanding this musical vocabulary. In particular I will examine their innovative approaches to melodic elaboration. Analysis of several examples will illustrate how some composers utilize and distort standard compositional techniques in an effort to challenge listeners' expectations while still adhering to indigenous concepts of balance and flow. The discussion is preceded by a critical reevaluation of the function and application of the western musicological terms polyphony and heterophony. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ii Table of Contents : iii List of Tables .... '. iv List of Figures ' v Acknowledgements vi CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Methodology • • • • • :•-1 Background : 1 Analysis: Some Recent Thoughts 4 CHAPTER 2 Many or just Different?: A Lesson in Categorical Cacophony 11 Polyphony Now and Then 12 Heterophony... what is it, exactly? 17 CHAPTER 3 Historical and Theoretical Contexts 20 Introduction 20 Melodic Elaboration in History, Theory and Process ..' 22 Abstraction and Elaboration 32 Elaboration Types 36 Constructing Elaborations 44 Issues of "Feeling". -
Liner Notes to “Bali 1928: Gamelan Gong Kebyar.” World Arbiter 2011 [CD]
CMYK 80785-2 80785-2 WAYNE VITALE & BRIAN BAUMBUSCH (b. 1956) (b. 1987) WAYNE VITALE &WAYNE BRIAN BAUMBUSCH MIKROKOSMA File Under: Classical/ Contemporary/ Vitale–Baumbusch NEW WORLD RECORDS Mikrokosma (2014–15) 51:55 8. VIII. Gineman Out 5:37 (Wayne Vitale & Brian Baumbusch) 9. IX. Pomp Out 3:58 1. I. Feet 1:28 10. X. Selunding Out 3:31 2. II. Selunding 6:28 11. XI. Feet Out 2:45 3. III. Pomp 7:10 The Lightbulb Ensemble, Brian Baumbusch, musical director 4. IV. Gineman 5:23 • MIKROKOSMA 5. V. Dance 3:35 12. Ellipses (2015) 9:27 6. VI. Pencon 8:32 (Brian Baumbusch) Santa Cruz Contemporary Gamelan, 7. VII. Tari 3:28 Brian Baumbusch, musical director TT: 61:31 • MIKROKOSMA NEW WORLD RECORDS New World Records, 20 Jay Street, Suite 1001,Brooklyn, NY112 01 Tel (212) 290-1680 Fax (646) 224-9638 WAYNE VITALE &WAYNE BRIAN BAUMBUSCH [email protected] www.newworldrecords.org ൿ & © 2017 Anthology of Recorded Music, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. 80785-2 80785-2 CMYK WAYNE VITALE & BRIAN BAUMBUSCH (b. 1956) (b. 1987) MIKROKOSMA WAYNEWAYNE VITALEVITALE&& BRIANBRIAN BAUMBUSCHBAUMBUSCH Mikrokosma (2014–15) 51:55 (Wayne Vitale & Brian Baumbusch) MIKROKOSMA 1. I. Feet 1:28 2. II. Selunding 6:28 3. III. Pomp 7:10 4. IV. Gineman 5:23 5. V. Dance 3:35 6. VI. Pencon 8:32 7. VII. Tari 3:28 8. VIII. Gineman Out 5:37 9. IX. Pomp Out 3:58 10. X. Selunding Out 3:31 11. XI. Feet Out 2:45 The Lightbulb Ensemble, Brian Baumbusch, musical director 12. -
Gamelan Gender Wayang of Bali: Form and Style
..................~~.~.~.. ~------------------ WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY Gamelan Gender Wayang of Bali: Form and Style by Kalafya Brown A thesis submitted to the facuIty of Wesleyan University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Music May, 2000 Middletown, Connecticut My teacher, Kak Luweng, and myself playing gender (above) and just sitting (below), 2 Introduction and Acknowledgements I began studying gamelan music in 1994 while I was an undergraduate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. No one tends offhand to associate gamelan with MIT. but there it is. Professor Evan Ziporyn has been directing the gong kebyar ensemble Gamelan Galak Tika at MIT since 1993, and I was an active member from 1994 until 1997. Unfortunately the pressure of my studies at Wesleyan has not allowed me to play with Galak Tika as much as I would like in the past few years. For the three years of my tenure with Galak Tika we were blessed with the artistry of the Balinese husband and wife team of I Nyoman Catra and Desak Made Suarti Laksmi. The magnificent teaching and performance prowess of Evan, Catra and Desak formed the basis of my introduction to gamelan music. In 1997 I came to Wesleyan University to study for the degree of Master of Arts in Music, of which this thesis is a part. Here at Wesleyan I have had the great honor of studying with I. M. Harjito and Sumarsam, two Javanese artists. I sincerely thank them for broadening my awareness of the multifaceted natures of Indonesian music and for sharing with me the great beauty of the central Javanese court gamelan. -
Merging Bali, India, and the West Through Modernism Une Fusion Parmi D’Autres : Réunir Bali, L’Inde Et L’Occident À Travers Le Modernisme Michael Tenzer
Document généré le 29 sept. 2021 15:43 Circuit Musiques contemporaines One Fusion Among Many: Merging Bali, India, and the West through Modernism Une fusion parmi d’autres : réunir Bali, l’Inde et l’Occident à travers le modernisme Michael Tenzer Musiciens sans frontières Résumé de l'article Volume 21, numéro 2, 2011 Le rapport entre les traditions musicales du monde et la musique de concert moderniste de tradition européenne est souvent exploré dans des fusions URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1005274ar musicales proposées par des compositeurs, mais les motivations et les DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/1005274ar esthétiques de ces oeuvres reçoivent souvent moins d’attention que celles qui s’imprègnent d’approches postmodernes (qu’elles soient minimalistes ou Aller au sommaire du numéro d’affiliation populaire). Dans cet article, l’auteur affirme un rapport entre certaines techniques rigoureuses de la musique contemporaine occidentale et les organisations cycliques, très rationnelles, de la musique indonésienne et indienne. Il poursuit avec une analyse de Unstable Centre/Puser Belah (2003), Éditeur(s) une oeuvre que l’auteur a composée pour deux orchestres gamelan simultanés. Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal L’analyse démontre une fusion sur les plans du cycle et de la structure, mais l’article se termine par une évaluation autocrique du projet. ISSN 1183-1693 (imprimé) 1488-9692 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer cet article Tenzer, M. (2011). One Fusion Among Many: Merging Bali, India, and the West through Modernism. Circuit, 21(2), 77–100. https://doi.org/10.7202/1005274ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal, 2011 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. -
Indonesian Gamelan – an Extended Introduction
History and Cultural Background The origin story behind the Gamelan strips the orchestra right back to the most fundamental of its instruments – the Gong Gdé, or Gong Ageng. This is the largest of the gongs in a Gamelan orchestra and first appeared in Javanese mythology in roughly 167AD when Sang Hyang Guru needed to contact the gods. He constructed the gong in order to send messages, and created two smaller gongs with different pitches in order to send more complex messages. This formed the first Gamelan and to this day the gongs are fundamentally integral to the Gamelan orchestra. The hammers that are used to play a majority of the instruments are called ‘gamel’ and the suffix ‘-an’ implies ‘many’. Essentially, Gamelan means lots of hammering beats. Bali is a captivating place full of wonder and intrigue. Music is respected and entertainment in general, whilst having structure, is largely timeless. Musicians will take their cues from the dancers instead of dancers learning their pieces to the music; shadow puppet shows will be performed of well-known histories or legends, but may dwell on one idea for hours, and then wrap up the remaining story inside ten minutes if it starts to rain; celebrations may go on for several days; trees and bushes are respected and prayed for before they are cut down. The Balinese respect every living concept as part of the influence of Animism in their culture and this in turn leads to a great respect for existence. From a musical standpoint, each street or district (banjar) traditionally had a gamelan that would play against others in competitions. -
Source Readings in Javanese Gamelan and Vocal Music, Volume 3
THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN CENTER FOR SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES MICHIGAN PAPERS ON SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA Editorial Board A. L. Becker Peter E. Hook Karl L. Hutterer John K. Musgrave Nicholas B. Dirks, Chair Ann Arbor, Michigan USA KARAWITAN SOURCE READINGS IN JAVANESE GAMELAN AND VOCAL MUSIC Judith Becker editor Alan H. Feinstein assistant editor Hardja Susilo Sumarsam A. L. Becker consultants Volume 3 MICHIGAN PAPERS ON SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies The University of Michigan Number 31 Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/ Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 82-72445 ISBN 0-89148-034-X Copyright ^ by © 1988 Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies The University of Michigan Publication of this book was assisted in part by a grant from the Publications Program of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Additional funding or assistance was provided by the National Endowment for the Humanities (Translations); the Southeast Asia Regional Council, Association for Asian Studies; The Rackham School of Graduate Studies, The University of Michigan; and the School of Music, The University of Michigan. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-89148-041-9 (hardcover) ISBN 978-0-472-03820-6 (paper) ISBN 978-0-472-12770-2 (ebook) ISBN 978-0-472-90166-1 (open access) The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii APPENDIX 1: Glossary of Technical Terms Mentioned in the Texts 1 APPENDIX 2: Javanese Cipher Notation (Titilaras Kepatihan) of Musical Pieces Mentioned in the Texts 47 APPENDIX 3: Biographies of Authors 429 APPENDIX 4: Bibliography of Sources Mentioned by Authors, Translators, Editors, and Consultants 447 GENERAL INDEX 463 INDEX TO MUSICAL PIECES (GENDHING) 488 This work is complete in three volumes. -
Kosmologis Tetabuhan Dalam Upacara Ngaben
Vol. 15 No. 2, Desember 2014: 107-125 Kosmologis Tetabuhan dalam Upacara Ngaben I Nyoman Cau Arsana 1 Jurusan Etnomusikologi, Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta G.R. Lono L. Simatupang, R.M. Soedarsono, dan I Wayan Dibia Pengkajian Seni Pertunjukan dan Seni Rupa, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta ABSTRAK Penelitian ini difokuskan pada dua hal, yaitu: (1) mendeskripsikan hubungan musik dan ritual melalui penggunaan tetabuhan dalam upacara ngaben dan (2) menemukan aspek-aspek kosmologis tetabuhan dalam upacara ngaben. Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif etnomusikologis dipadukan dengan konsep agama dan "lsafat bunyi yang tertuang dalam lontar Prakempa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang sangat erat antara tetabuhan dan upacara ngaben yang teraplikasi lewat penggunaan tetabuhan dalam prosesi upacara ngaben. Penggunaan tetabuhan dalam upacara ngaben berkaitan erat dengan aspek-aspek kosmologis. Suara yang dijadikan dasar dari nada-nada gamelan Bali adalah suara (bunyi) yang keluar dari alam. Suara tersebut digabungkan menjadi sepuluh suara yaitu panca suara patut pelog dan panca suara patut slendro yang menyebar ke seluruh penjuru alam. Tetabuhan dalam upacara ngaben, melalui jalinan nada-nada merupakan manifestasi dari pemujaan kepada ista dewata sebagai cermin konsep keseimbangan mikrokosmos, makrokosmos, dan metakosmos. Kata kunci: tetabuhan, ngaben, musik Bali ABSTRACT "e Cosmology of Tetabuhan in Ngaben Ritual Ceremony. "is study focuses on two objectives: (1) to describe the relation of music and ritual through the use of tetabuhan in Ngaben ritual ceremony, and (2) to reveal the aspects of cosmology of tetabuhan in Ngaben ritual ceremony. "is study is conducted by employing the perspective of ethnomusicology which is combined with the concept of religion and the philosophy of sound of Lontar Prakempa. -
Tenzer, Michael
JMM – The Journal of Music and Meaning, vol.2, 2004, section 10 – printout. Original article URL: http://www.musicandmeaning.net/issues/showArticle.php?artID=2.10 [Refer to this article by section numbers, not by page number] JMM Book Review: Tenzer, Michael. Gamelan Gong Kebyar: the Art of Twentieth-Century Balinese Music. Chicago and London: the University of Chicago Press, 2000. xxv, 492 pp., analytic illustrations, transcriptions, photographs, glossary, bibliography, index, two compact discs with musical examples cued to the text. (Reviewed by Edward Green) 10.1 Ethnomusicological Syncretism In this innovative, carefully reasoned book, Michael Tenzer provides a comprehensive, technical account of modern Balinese music. Surprisingly, he approaches the task in a boldly syncretic manner, making coordinated use of indigenous Balinese musical concepts as well as Western analytic tools, such as the mathematics of “contour classes.” In chapter 9 we see Tenzer’s syncretism in full force as he compares, for the purpose of mutual illumination, a blues by Jackie Byard and Wayan Sinti’s important l982 gamelan composition Wilet Mayura. He also makes use of passages by Mozart, Ives and Lutoslawski. Many ethnomusicologists would, on methodological grounds, object to such syncretism, asserting that music can only be understood from “within” a culture, and that any use of theoretical concepts arising from an “outside” culture can only distort. Tenzer plainly disagrees. “The politics of irreducible difference,” he writes in Chapter 10, “continues to -
University of Oklahoma Graduate College
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE JAVANESE WAYANG KULIT PERFORMED IN THE CLASSIC PALACE STYLE: AN ANALYSIS OF RAMA’S CROWN AS TOLD BY KI PURBO ASMORO A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF MUSIC By GUAN YU, LAM Norman, Oklahoma 2016 JAVANESE WAYANG KULIT PERFORMED IN THE CLASSIC PALACE STYLE: AN ANALYSIS OF RAMA’S CROWN AS TOLD BY KI PURBO ASMORO A THESIS APPROVED FOR THE SCHOOL OF MUSIC BY ______________________________ Dr. Paula Conlon, Chair ______________________________ Dr. Eugene Enrico ______________________________ Dr. Marvin Lamb © Copyright by GUAN YU, LAM 2016 All Rights Reserved. Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to thank the members of my committee: Dr. Paula Conlon, Dr. Eugene Enrico, and Dr. Marvin Lamb for their guidance and suggestions in the preparation of this thesis. I would especially like to thank Dr. Paula Conlon, who served as chair of the committee, for the many hours of reading, editing, and encouragement. I would also like to thank Wong Fei Yang, Thow Xin Wei, and Agustinus Handi for selflessly sharing their knowledge and helping to guide me as I prepared this thesis. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for their continued support throughout this process. iv Table of Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ............................................................................................................... -
Adapting and Applying Central Javanese Gamelan Music Theory in Electroacoustic Composition and Performance
Middlesex University Research Repository An open access repository of Middlesex University research http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk Matthews, Charles Michael (2014) Adapting and applying central Javanese gamelan music theory in electroacoustic composition and performance. PhD thesis, Middlesex University. [Thesis] Final accepted version (with author’s formatting) This version is available at: https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/14415/ Copyright: Middlesex University Research Repository makes the University’s research available electronically. Copyright and moral rights to this work are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners unless otherwise stated. The work is supplied on the understanding that any use for commercial gain is strictly forbidden. A copy may be downloaded for personal, non-commercial, research or study without prior permission and without charge. Works, including theses and research projects, may not be reproduced in any format or medium, or extensive quotations taken from them, or their content changed in any way, without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). They may not be sold or exploited commercially in any format or medium without the prior written permission of the copyright holder(s). Full bibliographic details must be given when referring to, or quoting from full items including the author’s name, the title of the work, publication details where relevant (place, publisher, date), pag- ination, and for theses or dissertations the awarding institution, the degree type awarded, and the date of the award. If you believe that any material held in the repository infringes copyright law, please contact the Repository Team at Middlesex University via the following email address: [email protected] The item will be removed from the repository while any claim is being investigated. -
The Origins of Balinese Legong
STEPHEN DAVIES The origins of Balinese legong Introduction In this paper I discuss the origin of the Balinese dance genre of legong. I date this from the late nineteenth century, with the dance achieving its definitive form in the period 1916-1932. These conclusions are at odds with the most common history told for legong, according to which it first appeared in the earliest years of the nineteenth century. The genre Legong is a secular (balih-balihan) Balinese dance genre.1 Though originally as- sociated with the palace,2 legong has long been performed in villages, espe- cially at temple ceremonies, as well as at Balinese festivals of the arts. Since the 1920s, abridged versions of legong dances have featured in concerts organized for tourists and in overseas tours by Balinese orchestras. Indeed, the dance has become culturally emblematic, and its image is used to advertise Bali to the world. Traditionally, the dancers are three young girls; the servant (condong), who dances a prelude, and two legong. All wear elaborate costumes of gilded cloth with ornate accessories and frangipani-crowned headdresses.3 The core 1 Proyek pemeliharaan 1971. Like all Balinese dances, legong is an offering to the gods. It is ‘secu- lar’ in that it is not one of the dance forms permitted in the inner yards of the temple. Though it is performed at temple ceremonies, the performance takes place immediately outside the temple, as is also the case with many of the other entertainments. The controversial three-part classification adopted in 1971 was motivated by a desire to prevent the commercialization of ritual dances as tourist fare. -
Temu Wicara Bali: a Celebration of Balinese Performing Arts in Honor of the Twentieth Anniversary of Gamelan at Colorado College
The Colorado College Music Department presents Temu Wicara Bali: A Celebration of Balinese Performing Arts in honor of the twentieth anniversary of Gamelan at Colorado College featuring Gamelan Tunjung Sari and Gamelan Santi Suara (Colorado College) Gamelan Candra Wyoga (University of Wyoming) Gamelan Genta Kencana (University of Colorado at Boulder) Gamelan Krama Bali (Balinese Community) Gamelan Manik Kusuma (Metropolitan State University of Denver) Gamelan Tunas Mekar (Denver) The Bowed Piano Ensemble (Colorado College) I Made Lasmawan and Victoria Lindsay Levine, Directors Ni Ketut Marni, Director of Dance May 4, 2013 Packard Hall ACKNOWLEDGMENTS For their good work in helping to produce this event, we thank: Stormy Burns, Cathe Bailie, and Neil Hesse from the Colorado College Music Department Jennifer Kulier and Leslie Weddell from Colorado College Communications Dan Wiencek, Colorado College Information Management Bob Winkelblech and Nolan Keale, Colorado College Facilities Services Mary Ellen Davis, Noel Black, and Delaney Utterbeck from KRCC Radio Bon Appétit Catering Our celebration was made possible by generous funding from the following sponsors: Colorado College Asian Studies Program Colorado College Music Department Colorado College Theatre and Dance Department Colorado College Cultural Attractions Colorado College President’s Office The Christine S. Johnson Professorship The National Endowment for the Humanities Professorship The Colorado Springs Independent The College of Music, University of Colorado at Boulder The Indonesian performing arts program at Colorado College was founded in 1992 by Professor Victoria Lindsay Levine, who imported the gamelan angklung and gamelan gender wayang from Bali with funds from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Professorship and the departments of Music and Asian Studies.