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The Koh Pich Tragedy: One Year On, Questions Remain

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The Koh Pich Tragedy: One Year On, Questions Remain November 2011 The Koh Pich Tragedy: One Year on, Questions Remain About the Cambodian Center for Human Rights The Cambodian Center for Human Rights (“CCHR”) is a non-aligned, independent, non-governmental organization that works to promote and protect democracy and respect for human rights in the Kingdom of Cambodia (“Cambodia”). Our vision is of a non-violent Cambodia in which people enjoy their fundamental human rights, are treated equally, are empowered to participate in democracy and share the benefits of Cambodia’s development. We desire rule of law rather than impunity; strong institutions rather than strong men; and a pluralistic society in which variety is harnessed and celebrated rather than ignored or punished. Our logo – a dove flying in a circle of blue sky – symbolizes Cambodia’s claim for freedom. About this Report This report, “The Koh Pich Tragedy: One Year on, Questions Remain” (the “Report”) aims to explore the events of the night of 22 November 2010, when over 350 people died in a deadly crush on Koh Pich Bridge in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, during the 2010 Water Festival. The Report sets out the conflicting accounts of the facts of that night, examines the response of the authorities to the incident, and identifies a number of unanswered questions. This Report does not attempt to provide a definitive version of what happened; rather it raises a number of questions arising from the event, considers the conflicting accounts of that night, and attempts to make some tentative recommendations as to what safeguards could be put in place to ensure there is no repeat of last year’s event in the future. Acknowledgements CCHR offers our heartfelt condolences to all the victims of the crush, and to the families of those who tragically died on the night of 22 November 2010. We also wish to extend our appreciation and thanks to the many people who spoke to us after the incident, including victims, family members, police, and those involved in the emergency response, such as doctors at the various hospitals. CCHR would also like to thank The Phnom Penh Post for granting us permission to use their photographs of the tragedy and the immediate aftermath within the Report. Queries and Feedback Should you have any questions or require any further information about the Report, or if you would like to give any feedback, please email CCHR at [email protected]. This Report, and all other publications by CCHR, are available online on the award-winning CCHR hosted Cambodian Human Rights Portal, www.sithi.org. (cc) 2011 Cambodian Center for Human Rights No.798, Street 99, Boeung Trabek Khan Chamkar Mon, Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia i Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................................. ii Definitions and Acronyms ...................................................................................................................... iv List of figures ........................................................................................................................................... v Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 1 1. The Tragic Events of the Night of 22 November 2010 .................................................................... 5 1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 The timeline of the tragedy ....................................................................................................... 5 2. Background and Methodology ........................................................................................................ 8 2.1 The Water Festival..................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Koh Pich and the Bridge ............................................................................................................ 8 2.3 Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 9 3. Events leading up to the 2010 Water Festival .............................................................................. 10 3.1 Incidents at previous Water Festivals ..................................................................................... 10 3.2 Expected numbers for the 2010 Festival................................................................................. 10 3.3 Planning for the Water Festival 2010 ...................................................................................... 11 4. Unanswered Questions ................................................................................................................. 15 4.1 The bridge ............................................................................................................................... 15 4.2 What caused panic to set in? .................................................................................................. 17 4.3 Number of deaths ................................................................................................................... 19 5. Causes of Death ............................................................................................................................. 21 5.1 Causes of Death ....................................................................................................................... 21 5.2 Electrocution ........................................................................................................................... 22 5.3 Poisoning ................................................................................................................................. 26 6. Compensation ............................................................................................................................... 28 6.1 Amounts pledged, and by whom ............................................................................................ 28 6.2 Recipients ................................................................................................................................ 29 7. RGC’s Response ............................................................................................................................ 32 7.1 RGC comments ........................................................................................................................ 32 7.2 Media comments .................................................................................................................... 34 7.3 Witness recollections .............................................................................................................. 35 7.4 Comments from OCIC .............................................................................................................. 37 8. RGC Committees ........................................................................................................................... 38 ii 8.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 38 8.2 Members of the Committees .................................................................................................. 39 Comments from third parties .................................................................................................. 39 8.3 Findings of the Committees .................................................................................................... 40 Comments from third parties .................................................................................................. 41 8.4 Resignations ............................................................................................................................ 41 Comments from third parties .................................................................................................. 42 9. Liability and negligence ................................................................................................................. 44 9.1 Draft law on disaster management ......................................................................................... 44 9.2 Cambodian legislation ............................................................................................................. 45 10. Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................................. 47 10.1 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 47 10.2 Recommendations/ Lessons Learnt ...................................................................................... 48 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................... 51 Annex I .................................................................................................................................................. 57 Annex II ................................................................................................................................................. 59 Annex III ...............................................................................................................................................
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