Monophthongs triphthongs pdf

Continue is one sound - used in English, with examples of words containing them, are : / / hat /i:/ read /ɪ/ship/ʊ/book/uː/too/e/bed/z/reader/ɜ/ː-bird/ɔː/born/ʌ/luck/ɑː/map/ɒ/cod-dipthong is a vowel sound, which, within a particular language, is generally considered a single sound, but actually consists of two vowel sounds occurring sequentially in the same that glide into each other. Diphthongs are used in English: :/ɪə/about/eɪ/play/ʊə/pure/ɔɪ/boy/əʊ/go/e'/bear/aɪ/high/aʊ/how A triphthong is a sequence of three vowel sounds that slide into each other. In English, the following tryptongs are: /eɪə/player/aɪə/above/ɔɪə/oil/əʊə/below/aʊə/our In many varieties of English tryphurgs, tend to avoid the use of intrusive consonants - for example, ours will be pronounced /aʊwə/ rather than /aʊə/ and player as /pleɪjə/ rather than /pleɪə pleɪjə/. However, in other varieties of English, such as Australian English, they are common. See also : Vowel sounds further reading Roach, P. English phonetics and phonology CUP (remember that Amazon often used copies of the books you want, for the price cheaper than advertised. So we continue to talk about The Thai language focusing on Thai in this post. The voices in Thai are monophones, diphthongs, triftons. However, in this post, we will focus only on monophthongs. Monophong in Thai can be one or more of one form. At first, it will be easier to learn the sound of vowels and to memorize the shapes of each vowel together. The IPA vowel chart below shows short vowels in ™ language. Please click on each vowel in the table below for pronunciation and please click here to learn more about IPA. Thai monophones can be both short and long vowels. The table below shows monofluns, forms, F, examples of words and definitions - Word in column order. The left section lists short monophthongs while the right section lists long monophthongs. SHORT LONG S. F. Word S. F. Word 1 / i / à ̧¡à ̧ ́ (neg.): no [ ii ] à ̧¡à ̧μ (v.): have à ̧à ̧ ́à ̧ (v.): think à ̧ £à ̧ μà ̧ (v.): iron [ri] _à ̧¤_ à ̧à ̧±à ̧‡à ̧à ̧¤à ̧© (n.): English 2 [e] เ_à ̧° เà ̧¥à ̧° (n.): mess [ee] เ_(_) เà ̧‹ (v.): stagger เà ̧็à ̧ (n.): child เà ̧à ̧£ (n.): novice 3 [ae] à¹_à ̧° à¹à ̧¥à ̧° (conj.): and [aae] à¹_(_) à¹à ̧¡à¹ˆ (n.): mother à¹à ̧'็à ̧‡ (adj.): hard à¹à ̧'à ̧™ hand 4 /a/ _à to 'k' (n.): monk (aa) _à '2'to'2 (n.): tea z±™ (n): day on '2' (v.): draw a)n) _à To: pick to: way am to '3'-to '3': make 5 oa to 11 _à to 1 to 1 to 2 to 'v.): (v.): ooa) _à there: Father there: against boards: 'oo' on (conj.): result 6 (where) in _à on '1'at 'n': tabledj.): stupid-k (adj.): sharp 7 to adj.): fierce uu to '1' ((1'(n.): crab to 'k' (n.): point 8 /ue/ to 'adj' (adj.) : late /uue/ to 'k': forget 'street' to 'to' to 'n.: season 'ruue' to 'k'... к 'до 1...' ษี (n.): hermit [lue] ฦ — no word — [luue] ฦา ฦาสาย (n.): a word to call a king 9 [oe] เ_à¸à¸° เยà¸à¸° (adj.,adv.): [ooe] เ_ภเธภ(pron.): you many,much เà¸à¸´à¸™ (v.): walk ฤ ฤà¸​ษ์ (n.): auspicious time Note: “S.â€​ column: Vowel Sound “F.â€​ column: Vowel Form “Wordâ€​ column: vocab and meaning _: the consonant position (mostly can be any consonants) (_): optional consonant _ฤ_, ฤ, ฤà¹..., ฦ, ฦา : We consider these forms as consonants but we would like to show the possibilities of the monophthongs “[ i ], [ ue ], [ uue ], and [ ooe ]â€​ can appear in words. Today, the sound of a word is pronounced for as long as I™-3.3. 2: Today, a word with the sound of ooe-vowel is pronounced as a short vowel, such as ™. This article needs additional quotes to verify. Please help improve this article by adding quotes to reliable sources. Non-sources of materials can be challenged and removed. Find sources: - Press Delivery News Books Scientist (c) JSTOR (June 2019) (Learn how and when to delete this template message) This article contains phonetic IPA characters. Without proper rendering support instead of Unicode characters, you can see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. For an introductory guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. American English pronunciation is not a highway of cowboys, showing five diphthongs: /oʊ a-e-aʊ ɔɪ/Diphthong (//ˈdɪfθɒŋ/DIF-thong or /ˈdɪpθɒŋ/DIP-thong; 1 with Greek: diphthong, literally double sound or double tone; from δΐς twice and Sound), also known as a sliding vowel, is a combination of two adjacent vowels within a single syllable. Technically, diphthong is a vowel with two different purposes: that is, the language (and/or other parts of the speech apparatus) moves during vowel pronunciation. In most varieties of English, the phrase non-highway cowboys/ˌnoʊ ˈhaɪweɪ ˈkaʊbɔɪz/has five different diphthongs, one in each syllable. Diphthongs contrast with monophons, where the tongue or other organs of speech do not move and the syllable contains only one vowel sound. For example, the word is spoken as a monophon (/ɑː/), while the word ow is referred to as diphthong in most varieties (/aʊ/). Where two adjacent vowels are found in different , such as the English word for re-election, the result is described as a break, not a diphthong. (The English word /ˌhaɪˈeɪtəs/ in itself is an example of both break and diphthong.) Diphthongs are often formed when individual vowels work together in quick speech during conversation. However, there are also unitary diphthongs, as in the English examples above, which are audible by listeners as one-vowel sounds (phonemes). Transcription in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) monophones are transcribed by one symbol, as in the English sun (sʌn), in which the ⟨ʌ⟩ is a monoflun. Diphthongs are transcribed by two symbols, as in high English (haɪ) or cow (kaʊ), in which ⟨aɪ⟩ and ⟨aʊ⟩ represent diphthongs. Diphthongs can be transcribed by two vowel symbols or a vowel symbol and a semi-lit symbol. In the words above, a less prominent member of the diphthong can be represented by symbols for the palace approximation of j and labriovelary near-chimant (w), with symbols for close vowels i and u or symbols for near-close vowels (ɪ) and ʊ: vowels and semi-vovel ⟨hai kau⟩ a broad transcription of two vowels ⟨hai̯ kau̯ ⟩ ⟨haɪ̯ kaʊ̯ ⟩ narrow transcription Some transcription is wider or narrow (less accurate or more accurate phonetically) than others. Deciphering English diphthongs in tall and cowy, as ⟨aj aw⟩ or ⟨ai̯ au̯ ⟩ is a less accurate or wider transcription, as these diphthongs usually end with a vowel that is more open than half-aries or close vowels. Deciphering diphthongs as ⟨aɪ̯ aʊ̯ ⟩ is a more accurate or narrower transcription, as English diphthongs usually end in near-close vowels (ɪ ʊ). The uncomplicated diacritic, inverted log below the ⟨◌̯ ⟩ is under a less visible part of the diphthong to show that it is part of the diphthong, rather than vowel in a separate syllable: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ . If there is no contrasting sequence of vowels in the language, the diacrit can be omitted. Other common that these two sounds are not separate vowels, ⟨aɪ aʊ⟩, or tie-bar, ⟨a͡ ɪ a͡ ʊ⟩ or ⟨a͜ ɪ a͜ ʊ⟩. A tie bar can be useful when it is not clear which symbol represents the syllable nucleus, or when they are equal in weight. Superscripts are especially used when on- or outside sliding especially fleeting. The period ⟨.⟩ is the opposite of a simple diacritic: it is a syllable break. If two vowels next to each other belong to two different syllables (hiatus), which means that they do not form diphthong, they can be transcribed with two vowels with a period between them. Thus, the bottom can be transcribed ⟨ˈloʊ⟩, with the period separating the first syllable, /loʊ/, from the second syllable, /Er/. Simple diacritic is only used when necessary. It is usually omitted when there is no ambiguity, like ⟨haɪ kaʊ⟩. No words in English have vowels (ɪ a.ʊ), so simple diacritic is not needed. Types of Fall and Rise Fall (or Downward) diphthongs begin with vowel quality of higher prominence (higher pitch or volume) and at the end of the half-vu with less notoriety, like aɪ̯ in the eye, while the growth (or ascent) of diphthongs begin with a less noticeable half-century and end with a more noticeable full vowel, similar to ja in the yard. (Note that the fall and rise in this context do not refer to the height of vowels; the terms opening and closing are used for this. A less visible component in diphthong can also be transcribed as an approximation, thus aj in the eye and ja in the yard. However, when diphthong is analyzed as a single phoneme, both elements are often transcribed with vowel symbols (/aɪ̯ /, /ɪ̯ a/). Semivovel and approximation are not equivalent in all treatments, and in English and Italian, among other things, many phonetics do not consider the ascending combinations of diphthongs, but rather sequences of approximations and vowels. There are many languages (such as Romanian) that contrast one or more ascending diphthongs with similar sliding and vowel sequences in their phonetic inventory (see half-war for examples). Closing, opening and centering of the Vowel diagram illustrating the closing of the diphthongs of the Belgian standard Dutch, from Verhoeven (2005:245) The Glass Diagram illustrating the centering diphthongs of the Dutch dialect of Orsmaal-Gusenhoven, from Peter (2010:241) In the closing of the diphthongs, The second element is closer than the first (e.g., 2010:241) In the closing of diphthongs, the second element is closer than the first (for example, when the diphthong is opened, the second element is more open (e.g.i̯a ai̯, ia). However, exceptions to this rule are not uncommon in the world languages. For example, in Finnish Diphthongs /ie̯ / and /uo̯ / are true diphthong fall, as they start to get louder and from a higher height and fall into prominence during diphthong. The third, rare type of diphthong, which is neither discovery nor closure, is high-altitude-harmonic diphthongs, with both elements at the same height vowels. They took place in old English: beon (beo̯ n) be ceald (kæɑ̯ ld) cold central diphthong is one that starts with a more peripheral vowel and ends with more central ones such as ɪə̯ , ɛə̯ and ʊə̯ in The Iə̯ and uə̯ in Irish. Many diphthong centers also open diphthongs (iə̯ ), uə̯ ). Diphthongs can contrast in how far they open or close. For example, Samoan contrasts with low to medium with low to high diphthongs: 'ai 'ʔai̯' 'probably' 'ae' ʔae̯ ', The 'but' auro (ʔau̯ ɾo) 'gold' Ao ao̯ 'cloud' Narrow and wide Narrow Diphthong are the ones that end with a vowel that is pretty close to what thehthong begins, such as Thehthong, for example, North Dutch (eɪ), (øʏ) and 'oʊ'. Wide diphthongs are the opposite - they require more language movement, and their biases are further away from their starting points on the vowel chart. Examples of wide diphthongs are RP/GA English (aɪ) and aʊ. The length of the languages differ in length of diphthongs, measured in terms of the sea. In languages with phonemically short and long vowels, diphthongs usually behave like long vowels and are pronounced with a similar length. In languages with a single phonemic length for pure vowels, however, diphthongs can behave like pure vowels. For example, in Icelandic, both Monfongs and diphthongs are pronounced long before single consonants and shortly before most consonants. Some languages contrast short and long diphthongs. In some languages, such as old English, they behave as short and long vowels, occupying one and two moras, respectively. Languages that contrast the three quantities in diphthongs are extremely rare, but not unheard of; The Northern ones themselves are known to contrast long, short and definitively stressed diphthongs, the latter of which are distinguished by a long second element. (quote is necessary) Fonology In some languages diphthongs are single phonemes, while in others they are analyzed as sequences of two vowels, or vowels and half-vovel. Sound Changes Some sound changes refer to diphthongs and monofongs. Violation of vowel or diphthongization vowel shift in which monophthong becomes diphthong. Monophongization or smoothing is a shift of vowels in which the diphthong becomes a monofong. Unlike half-vove and vowels Although there are a number of similarities, diphthongs do not the same phonologically as the combination of vowel and approximation or sliding. Most importantly, diphthongs are fully contained in the core while half-war or sliding is limited by the boundaries of the syllable (either beginning or codes). This often manifests itself in a more phonetically narrowing degree, but the phonetic difference is not always clear. The English word yes, for example, consists of a palace slip, followed by a monofong rather than an ascending diphthong. In addition, segment elements should differ in diphthongs (ii̯), and therefore, when this happens in the language, it does not contrast with the iː. However, languages can contrast ij and iː. Diphthongs also differ from the sequences of simple vowels. The Bunaka language in Timor, for example, distinguishes /sa͡ i/exit from /sai/sage, /te͡ i/dance from /tei/ teji look at and /po͡ i/ choice from /loi/ lowi. Examples of Germanic English See also: International phonetic alphabet chart for English dialects In words coming from the average English language, in most cases, modern English diphthongs (aɪ̯ , oʊ̯ , eɪ̯ , aʊ̯ ) come from middle-English long monophons (iː, ɔː, aː, uː) through the Great Oval Shift, although some cases of oʊ̯ , eɪ̯ come from mid-English diphtons (ɔu̯ aɪ̯ ). Due to the complex regional variation of the Hiberno-English diphthongs are not listed below. Standard English diphthongs Englishdiaphoneme RP (British) Australian North American GenAm Canadian low //oʊ// [əʊ̯ ] [əʉ̯ ] [o̞ ʊ̯ ][t2 1] loud //aʊ// [aʊ̯ ] [æɔ̯ ] [aʊ̯ ~æʊ̯ ] [aʊ̯ ~æʊ̯ ][t2 2] lout [ʌʊ̯ ][t2 3] lied //aɪ// [aɪ̯ ] [ɑɪ̯ ] [äɪ̯ ][t2 4] light [ʌɪ̯ ][t2 3] lay //eɪ// [eɪ̯ ] [æɪ̯ ] [eɪ̯ ][t2 1] loin //ɔɪ// [ɔɪ̯ ] [oɪ̯ ] [ɔɪ̯ ] loon /uː/[t2 5] [ʊu̯ ] [ʉː] [ʉu̯ ] lean /iː/[t2 5] [ɪi̯] [ɪi̯] [i] leer //ɪər// [ɪə̯ ] [ɪə̯ ][t2 6] [ɪɹ] lair //ɛər// [ɛə̯ ][t2 7] [eː] [ɛɹ] lure //ʊər// [ʊə̯ ][t2 7] [ʊə̯ ] [ʊɹ] ^ a b In Scottish, Upper Midwestern, and California English, /oʊ̯ / is monophthongal [oː]. In Pittsburgh, English, /aʊ̯ / is aː that leads to dahntahn's stereotypical spelling for downtown. b Canadian English and some North American English dialects exhibit alophony /aʊ̯ / and /aɪ̯ / is called Canadian upbringing - in some places they have become separate phonemes. GA and RP have a smaller increase in /aɪ̯ /. In several American dialects, such as South American English, /aɪ̯ / becomes a monophon (aː) with the exception of needleless consonants. a b Former monofongs /iː/ and /uː/diphthongiz are in many dialects. In many cases, they can be better transcribed as uu̯ and ii̯, where a simple element is understood closer than a syllabic element. Sometimes they are transcribed /uw/ and /ij/. Most Australian English speakers -ee- гласные. Тем не менее, Западно-австралийский английский является исключением, так как он обычно имеет центрирования дифтонгов в таких словах, как страх и борода. См.: Университет Маккуори, 2010, Региональные акценты (30 января 2015 г.). в полученном произношении гласные в логове и приманке могут быть отмошены до «ɛː» и «oː» соответственно (Roach (2004:240)). Dutch Diphthongs of Dutch Netherlandic[19] Belgian[20] zeis, ijs [ɛɪ̯ ] ui [œʏ̯ ] zout, lauw [aʊ̯ ] [ɔʊ̯ ] leeuw [e:ʊ̯ ] nieuw [iʊ̯ ] duw [yʊ̯ ] dooi [o:ɪ̯ ] saai [a:ɪ̯ ] loei [uɪ̯ ] beet[t1 1] [eɪ̯ ] [eː] neus[t1 1] [øʏ̯ ] [øː] boot[t1 1] [oʊ̯ ] [oː] ^ a b c [eɪ̯ ], [øʏ̯ ], and [oʊ̯ ] are normally pronounced as closing diphthongs except when preceding [ɾ], in which case they are either centering diphthongs: [eə̯ ], [øə̯ ], and [oə̯ ] or are lengthened and monophthongized to [ɪː], [øː], and [ʊː] The dialect of Hamont (in Limburg) has five centring diphthongs and contrasts long and short forms of [ɛɪ̯ ], [œʏ̯ ], [ɔʊ̯ ], and [ɑʊ̯ ]. Немецкий стандартный немецкий фонемический дифтонги на немецком языке: /aɪ̯ /, как в Ei 'яйцо' /aʊ̯ /, как в Маус 'мышь' /ɔʏ̯ /, как в neu 'новый' В разновидностях немецкого языка, которые озвучивать /r/ в слоге коды, другие дифтхонгал комбинации могут произойти. Это только фонетические дифтонги, а не фонетические дифтонги, так как вокальное произношение (ɐ̯ ) чередуется с согласными произношениями /r/ если гласная следует, cf. du h'rst (duː ˈhøːɐ̯ st) 'вы слышите' - ich h're (ʔɪç ˈhøːʀə) 'Я слышу'. Эти фонетические дифтонги могут быть следующими: немецкие дифтонги, заканчивающийся в «ɐ̯ » (часть 1), от Колера (1999:88) немецких дифтонгов, заканчивающийся в «ɐ̯ » (часть 2), от Колера (1999) 9:88) Diphthong Пример фонетически фонетически IPA перевод атографии /iːr/ »iːɐ̯ »1 (viːɐ̯ ) wir мы /yːr/ »yːɐ̯ »1 »fyːɐ̯ » f'r для /uːr eːɐ̯ / «uːɐ̯ »1 »ˈʔuːɐ̯ laʊ̯ ph» Урлауб праздник /ɪr/ (ɪɐ̯ ) (vɪɐ̯ th) wird он/она/она становится /ʏr/ (ʏɐ̯ ) (ˈvʏɐ̯ də) Вюрде достоинства /ʊr eːɐ̯ <5>/ (ʊɐ̯ ) (ˈvʊɐ̯ də) wurde I/he/she/it стал /eːr/ (eːɐ̯ )1 (meːɐ̯ ) mehr more /øːr/ «øːɐ̯ »1 (høːɐ̯ ) h'r! (Вы) слышите! /oːr/ [oːɐ̯ ]1 [tʰoːɐ̯ ] Tor gate/goal (in football) /ɛːr/ [ɛːɐ̯ ]1 [bɛːɐ̯ ] Bär bear /ɛr/ [ɛɐ̯ ] [ʔɛɐ̯ ftʰ] Erft Erft /œr/ [œɐ̯ ] [dœɐ̯ tʰ] dörrt he/she/it dries /ɔr/ [ɔɐ̯ ] [ˈnɔɐ̯ dn̩ ] Norden north /aːr/ [aːɐ̯ ]1 [vaːɐ̯ ] wahr true /ar/ [aɐ̯ ] [haɐ̯ tʰ] hart hard ^1 Wiese (1996) notes that the length contrast is not very stable before non-prevocalic /r/[22] and that Meinhold & Stock (1980:180), following the pronouncing dictionaries (Mangold (1990), Krech & Stötzer (1982)) judge the vowel in Art, Schwert, Fahrt to be long, while the vowel in Ort, Furcht, hart is supposed to be short. Фактическая основа этого предполагаемого различия представляется весьма сомнительной. [22] [23] continues to state that in his own dialect, there is no difference in length in these words, and that judgments about the length of vowels before non-prevocalic /r/ which self-voice are problematic, particularly if /a/ precedes. According to the bottomless analysis, the aforementioned long diphthongs are analyzed as iɐ̯ , yɐ̯ , uɐ̯ , eɐ̯ , øɐ̯ , oɐ̯ , ɛɐ̯ and aɐ̯ . This makes it non-prevocalic /aːr/ and /ar/homophonic, like aɐ̯ or aː. Not prevocalic /ɛːr/ and /ɛr/ can also merge, but the vowel chart in Kohler (1999:88) shows that they have slightly different starting points. Wiese (1996) also states that vowel flailing is projected to occur in shortened vowels; it really does seem to go hand in hand with vowel reductions in many cases. The Bernese German diphthongs of some German dialects differ from the standard German diphthongs. Bernese German diphthongs, for example, correspond more to medium-high German diphthongs than standard German diphthongs: /iə̯ / as in the lab expensive /uə̯ /as in guet 'good' /yə̯ / as in m Tired /ei̯/as in Bei 'leg' / ou̯ /as in boom 'tree' / øi̯/ as in the trees of Beim In addition to these phonemic diphthongs, Bernese German has numerous phonetic diphthongs due to L-vocalization in the syllable codes, for example, the following: au̯ as in Stau stable (aːu̯ ), as in Staau steel Diphthongs can achieve a higher target (c/i/) in situations of coarticator phenomena or when words with such vowels אופֿן ('nine') (ɔə̯ ), as in the ɔə̯ fn̩ ('way') נײַן ('refugee) aɛ̯ as in the naɛ̯ n ('way) פּליטה æu̯ ), as in the Vuth the world as æːu̯ and in the elections (ʊu̯ ), as in the guilty Yiddish, in Yiddish there are three diphthongs: ɛɪ̯ as in plɛɪ̯ tə) are emphasized. Norwegian There are five diphthongs in the Oslo dialect of the Norwegian language, they all fall: æɪ as in nei, no (œwʏw), as in island, island (æʉ͍ ), as in the Sau, sheep (ɑɪ), as in hai, shark (ɔwʏw), as in joy, Sami song Additional dipthong, ʉ͍ ɪ is found only in the word hui in the expression of i.t. The number and shape of diphthongs vary between dialects. Faroe diphthongs on Faroe Duck: /ai/ as in bein (also can be short) /au/ as in havn /ɛa/ as in har, m're /ɛi/ as in hey /ɛu/ as in nevnd /'u/ as in n'vn /ʉu/ as in h's /ʊi/ (also short) /ɔa/as in re/ɔi/, as in hoir (also can be short) /ɔu/ as in the village, the Icelandic diphthongs in Icelandic are as follows: /au̯ / as in ztta, eight /ou̯ /as in n'g, Enough / Suy/ as in Aug ɔi ei̯ ai̯. the following: /jɛ/ as in Ata, there is /ja/ as in jata, manger /jau̯ /as in me, yes / jo/ as in jo, iodine, jay, iodine (only in a handful of foreign-born words) /jou̯ / as in j'l, Christmas /j'/ as in j'ttunn, giant /jai̯/as in jjja, oh well /ju/ Yes Romanic languages French in French, /wa/, /wɛ̃ /, /ɥi/ and /ɥɛ̃ / can be considered true diphthongs (i.e. fully contained in the syllable core: u̯ a, u̯ ɛ̃ ), y̯ i, (y̯ ɛ̃ ). Other sequences are considered part of the sliding formation process, which turns a high vowel into a half-war (and part of the beginning of the syllable) when followed by another vowel. Diphthongs /wa/ (u̯ a) as in the swarm king /wɛ̃ / u̯ ɛ̃ as in the groin muzzle /ɥi/ (y̯ i) as in huit eight /ɥɛ̃ / y̯ ɛ̃ , as in juin June / wi/ as in oui da /jɛ̃ / as in the link /. jɛ/ as in Ariega /aj/, as in the torment of work /ɛj/, as in Marseille / ij / as in Bille ball /'j/ as in feuille leaf /uj/ as in grenouille frog /j' / as in vieux old quebec French main article: quebec French phonology in quebec French, long vow, as a rule, diphthong as ɑɔ̯ in tard late (aɛ̯ ), and in p're father (aœ̯ ), and in the flower (ou̯ ), both in autre other (øy̯ ), as in the neutra neutral (ãʊ̯̃ ), and in the bank bank (ẽɪ̃ ̯ ) as in the thin (ɒ̃ ʊ̯̃ ), and in bone nu (œ̃ ʏ̃ ̯ ), as in not one Catalan, has a number of phonetic diphthongs, all of which begin (rising diphthongs) or end (falling diphthongs) in j or w. [26] Catalan diphthongs falling [aj] aigua 'water' [aw] taula 'table' [əj] mainada 'children' [əw] caurem 'we will fall' [ɛj] remei 'remedy' [ɛw] peu 'foot' [ej] rei 'king' [ew] seu 'his/her' [iw] niu 'nest' [ɔj] noi 'boy' [ɔw] nou 'new' [ow] jou 'yoke' [uj] avui 'today' [uw] duu 'he/she is carrying' rising [ja] iaia 'grandma' [wa] quatre 'four' [jɛ] veiem 'we see' [wɛ] seqüència 'sequence' [je] seient 'seat' [we] ungüent 'ointment' [jə] feia 'he/she was doing' [wə] qüestió 'question' [wi] pingüí 'penguin' [jɔ] iode 'iodine' [wɔ] quota 'payment' [ju] iogurt 'yoghurt' In standard Eastern Catalan, rising diphthongs (that is, those starting with [j] or [w]) are possible only in the following contexts:[27] [j] in word initial position, e.g. iogurt. Both occur between vowels, as in fairy and veyem. In the sequences ɡw or kw and vowel, for example, guant, quota, q'esti, ping (these exceptional cases even lead some scientists to the hypothesis of the existence of rare labiovelary phonemes /ɡw/ and /kw/). There are also certain cases of compensatory diphthongization in the Mallorca dialect, so /ˈtroncs/ (magazines) (in addition to removing the palace pilaf) develops compensating palace glide and surfaces as ˈtrojns (and contrasts with the unpluralized Diphthongization compensates for the loss of the palace stop (part of the Catalan segment of damages compensation). There are other cases where diphthongization compensates for the loss of point articulation characteristics (compensation for loss of property), as in ˈaɲ (year) against ˈajns (years). The dialectical distribution of this compensatory diphthongization is almost entirely dependent on the dorsal plovation (whether velar or non-oval) and the degree of sleepy assimilation (regardless of whether it extends to non-conjing). Portuguese main article: Portuguese phonology Portuguese diphthongs are formed by labio-velar approximation and palace approximation with vowel, No32 European has 14 phonemic diphthongs (10 oral and 4 nasal), all of which fall diphthongs formed by vowels and uncomplicated high vowels. Brazilian Portuguese has about the same number, although European and non-European dialects have slightly different pronunciations (ɐj) is a hallmark of some southern and central Portuguese dialects, especially Lisbon). W onglide after /k/ or /ɡ/ and in front of all vowels, as in quando (ˈkwɐ̃ du) or guarda (ˈɡwaɾðɐ ˈɡwaʁdɐ) ('guard') can also form ascending diphthongs and triptons. Also, in everyday speech, neighboring heterosyllabic vowels can be combined in diphthongs and trifongs or even sequences of them. The fall of the diphthong Portuguese oral EP (33) BP EP BP Sai (aj) mau (aw) sei (ɐj) (ej) meu (ew) an's (ɛj) v'u (ɛw) viu (ɔj) moita (oj) do (ou) (uj) (uj)) nasal me (ɐ̃ j) (ɐ̃ j) miao (ɐ̃ w) cem (ẽj) an'es (y) muita (ũj) In addition, phonetic diphthongs are formed in most Brazilian Portuguese dialects by vocalization /l/ in the syllable code with words, such as sol (sɔw) ('sun') and sul suw ('south'), as well as vowel iodization, aˈʁojs ɐˈʁo ʃ (j ɕ) ɕ (rice) and /z/ (or ʒ ʑ ) in terms such as paz mundial (ˈpajz mũdʒiˈaw ˈpa (j)ʑ mũdʑiˈaw (world peace) and dez anos (ˌdɛjˈz‿ɐ̃ nu(j)s ˌdɛjˈz‿ɐ̃ nuɕ (ten years). , Spanish has seven falling diphthongs and eight ascending diphthongs. In addition, during the rapid speech, vowels in the break become diphthongs, in which the person becomes simple (ˈmae̯ stɾo unless they are the same vowel, and in this case they merge together), as in the poet ˈpo̯ eta (poet) and maestro (teacher). Spanish diphthongs are: 35 Spanish diphthongs fall ai̯ air (au̯ ) pause (ei̯) Rey King (eu̯ ) neutro neutral oi̯ hoi Today ou̯ bu sein fishing (ui̯) mu very rise ja haia to cuadro picture (je) tierra land (we) fuego 'fire' wi fuimos we went (Joe) radio (wo) cuota 'quota' viuda 'widow' Italian Existence of true diphthongs in Italian is controversial; however, a list is:[37] Italian diphthongs falling [ai̯] baita 'mountain hut' [au̯ ] auto 'car' [ei̯] potei 'I could' (past tense) [eu̯ ] pleurite 'pleurisy' [ɛi̯] sei 'six' [ɛu̯ ] neutro 'neuter' [ɔi̯] poi 'later' [oi̯] voi 'you' (pl.) [ui̯] lui 'he' rising [ja] chiave 'key' [wa] guado 'ford' [jɛ] pieno 'full' [wɛ] quercia 'oak' [je] soffietto 'bellows' [we] quello 'that' [wi] guida 'guide' [jɔ] chiodo 'nail' [wɔ] quota 'quota' [jo] fiore 'flower' [wo] acquoso 'watery' [ju] piuma 'feather' The second table includes only 'false' diphthongs, composed of a + a vowel, not two vowels. The situation is more subtle in the first table: a word such as baita is actually pronounced baj.ta, and most speakers will syllable it that way. A word such as voi will instead be pronounced and syllables like vo.i, once again without a diphthong. In general, an unstressed /i e o u/ in a break can turn into slips in faster speech (e.g. biennale (bi̯enˈnaːle) biennial; coalizione (ko̯ alitˈtsi̯oːne) coalition) with the process going more easily in syllables further from stress. Romanian main article: Romanian phonology Romanian has two true diphthongs: /e̯ a/ and /o̯ a/. There are, however, numerous other vowel combinations (more than any other major language of romance) that are classified as vowel slips. As a result of their occurrence (diphthongization of medium vowels in a state of stress) two true diphthong appear only in stressed syllables and make morphological alternations with the middle of vowels /e/ and /o/. For native speakers, they sound very similar to /ja/ and /wa/ respectively. Ideal minimum pairs for contrast /o̯ a/ and /wa/, and because /o̯ a/ does not appear in the final syllable of the prosodical word, there are no monosyllabic words with /o̯ a/; Exceptions may include voal ('veil') and trotuar ('sidewalk'), although Ioana Chițoran claims that they are best seen as containing slip-vowel sequences rather than diphthongs. In addition to these, half-centuries /j/ and /w/ can be combined (before, after or both) with most vowels, while this may be forming additional diphthongs and trifongs, only /e̯ a/ and /o̯ a/ / can follow the pompous-liquid cluster, for example, in broasks ('frog') and drego ('to mend'), implying that /j/ and /w/ are limited to the boundary of the syllable and therefore, strictly speaking, do not form a diphong. Celtic languages Irish All Irish diphthongs are falling. (əi̯), spelled aigh, aidh, agh, adh, eagh, eadh, eigh, or eidh (əu̯ ), spelled abh, amh, eabh, or eamh (iə̯ ), spelled ia, iai (uə̯ ), spelled ua, uai Scottish Gaelic there are 9 diphthongs in Scottish Gael. Group 1 occurs anywhere (eu is usually eː to -m, such as Seumas). Group 2 are reflexes that -ll,-m,-nn,-bh, -dh, -gh and-mh. Spelling Examples 1 iarr ask (wa) ua fuar cold (ia) eu beul mouth 2 ai saill grease, cainnt speech, aimhreit riot ei seinn sing (ɤi) oi, ei, ai loinn badge, greim bite, saighdear soldier (ɯi) ui, aoi druim back, aoibhneas joy (au) a, ea cam crooked, ce headann (ɔu) o tom mound, donn brown For more detailed explanations gael diftongs see Cornish Next Diphtons used in standard cornish writing. Each diphthong is given with its Revived Middle Cornish (RMC) and Revived Late Cornish (RLC) pronunciation. Chart RMC RLC Sample AW (aʊ) (æʊ) glaw rain ai (aɪ) (əɪ) bay kiss ew (ɛʊ) blasted hair ey (ɛɪ) (əɪ) bleydh wolf iw (ɪʊ iʊ) liw Color ow ɔʊ lowen happy oy ɔɪ moy more uw yʊ (ɪʊ) God yw (ɪʊ) ɛʊ byw live Welsh is traditionally divided into northern and southern dialects. In the north, some diphthongs may be short or long according to the usual vowel length rules, but in the south they are always short (see Welsh phonology). In speech, southern dialects tend to simplify diphthongs (e.g. gwait /ɡwaiθ/reduced to /ɡwaːθ/). Graphema North Southern Sample ae/ɑːɨ/ /ai/ maen 'stone' ai/ai/gwaith 'work' au†/aɨ/haul 'sun' aw/au, ɑːu/ /au/ mawr 'big' ei/'i/'i/gweithio's work' eu/əɨ/ treulio 'spend' ey teyrn 'tyrant' ew/ɛu, eːu/ /ɛu/tew 'fat' oe/ɔɨ, ɔːɨ/ /ɔi/ moel 'bald' ou cyffrous 'excited' oi/ɔi/troi 'turn' ow/ɔu, oːu/ /ɔu/brown's-'ʊɨ, uːɨ/ʊi/pwyll's feeling' iw/ɪu/ɪu/lliw 'color' uw/ɨu/duw 'god' y The llyw 'steering' /'u/'u/tywydd 'weather' † multiple endings -au decreases to /a/ in the north and /e/ in the south, for example, Kadau 'battle' is /ˈkada/ (north) or /ˈkade/ (south). Slavic Czech languages There are three diphthongs in Czech: /aʊ̯ / as in cars (almost exclusively in words of foreign origin) /eʊ̯ /, as in the euro (only in words of foreign origin) /oʊ̯ /, as in the cool of a group of vowels ia, that is, ii, io, and iu in foreign words are not regarded as diphthongs, they are pronounced with /j/ between vowels ɪja, ɪjɛ, ɪjɪ, ɪjo, ɪju. Serbian-Croatian i(j)e, as in mlijeko is usually considered diphthong. However, it is actually that is in a break or separated by a half-vul, ije. Some Serbian-Croatian dialects also have uo, as in kuonj, ruod, uon, whereas, in standard Croatian and Serbian languages, these words konj, web, on. Estonian main article: Estonian phonology All nine vowels may appear as the first component of the Estonian diphthong, but only ɑ e i o u are found as the second component. Common Estonian diphthongs (ɑe) aed intake, garden (ɑi) laiwide (ɑo) kaotama to lose (ɑu) laudtable (eɑ) teadma to know iu kiuste despite (oɑ) toa room (s. possessive) dog (oi) toit food ui kui when, ifɤe n'el needle ɤi correct (ɤo) t'otus promise (ɤu) l'ug (chin) p'ing Coal zi keis rope There are additional diphthongs less commonly used, such as eu in Europe (Europe), øɑ in Sandam (to dare), and y in nugum (in mew). Finnish main article: Finnish phonology All Finnish diphthongs are falling. It is noteworthy that Finnish has a true discovery of diphthongs (e.g./uo/), which are not very common cross-referenced in the centering of diphthongs (e.g./u'/ in English). Vowel combinations through syllables can in practice be pronounced as diphthongs, when the intermediate consonant has survived, as in the nurse (nyun) instead of n'.n for the genetic n'ke ('sight'). closing (ɑi̯) as in live (ship) ei̯, as in Kane (swing) (swing) (oi̯), as in the sing (boy) (æi̯), as in Diti (mother), øi̯ as in sisin (night) (ɑu̯ in lauha (soft) (eu̯ ), as in leuto (soft) (ou̯ ), as in koulu (school) (ey̯ ), as in leihi (to blow) (æy̯ ), as in teisi (full) øy̯ as in the ice (find) close (ui̯), both in the ude (swim) (yi̯) and in lyijy (lead) (iu̯ ), both in the viulu (violin), iy̯ as in siistiyty (for clever up) discovery (ie̯ ) as in the Kieli (language) (language) (uo̯ ), as in Suo (swamp) (god) (yø̯ ), as in I (night) of the North Sami diphthong system in North Sami varies greatly from one dialect to another. Finnmark's Western dialects distinguish between four different qualities of opening diphthongs : /e' / as in leat be /ie/ as in giella language /oa/ as in boahtit come /uo/ as in vuodjat swim in terms of quantity, Northern Sami shows a three-year contrast between long, short and finally stressed diphthongs. The latter differ from long and short diphthongs with a noticeably long and tense second component. The number of Diphthong is not specified in the spelling. The Semitic Maltese language has seven falling diphthongs, although they can be seen VC sequences phonemically. (ɛɪ̯ ) ej or għi (ɐɪ̯ ) aj or għi (ɔɪ̯ ) oj (ɪʊ̯ ) iw (ɛʊ̯ ) ew (ɐʊ̯ ) aw or għu (ɔʊ̯ ) ow or għu Chinese-Tibetan Rising Sequences in Chinese, are generally seen as a combination of a medial semi-vula (j, j, or ɥ) plus vowels, while falling sequences are treated as one diphthong. ay: ai̯, as in zi (愛, love) ei: ei̯, as in l'i (累, weary) ao: ɑʊ̯ as in deo (道, way) ou: oʊ̯ as in the dzu (⾖, beans) Cantonese has eleven diphthongs. aai: aːi̯ as in gaai1 (街, street) aau: aːu̯ as in baau3 (爆, ɐi̯ as in gai1 (雞, chicken) au: ɐu̯ as in au1 (勾, hook) ei: ei̯ as in gei1 (機, machine) eu: ɛːu̯ as in deu6 (掉, quit) iu: iːu̯ giu3 (叫, call) oi: ɔːy̯ as in oi3 (愛, love) ou: ou̯ as in gou1 (⾼, high) ui: uːy̯ as in pui4 (陪, accompany) eui: ɵy̯ as in zeoi3 (醉, drunk) Thai Languages Thai In addition to vowels อัว ɯa̯ ɯːa̯ เอือ ia̯ iːa̯ the next or previous /j/ Thai has three diphthongs that exist เอีย as long short pairs: uːa̯ , ua̯ Mon Khmer Vietnamese languages In addition to vowel nuclei following or preceding /j/ and /w/, Vietnamese has three diphthong: iə̯ ia'i (ɨə̯ ) ưa-ươ uə̯ ua'u Khmer language has rich vocaly with the added difference of a long and short register of vowels and diphthongs. (iə̯ ) (ei̯) (ɐe̯ ) I don't ɐe̯ əɨ̯ ɨə̯ (uə̯̆ ) (ɐə̯ ao̯ ) (uə̯ ao̯ ) (ou̯ ) (ɔə̯ eə̯̆ ) (eə̯̆ ) I don't eə̯̆ (uə̯̆ ) (oə̯̆ ) Bantu languages of zulu zulu has only monophthongs. Y and w are semi-spoken: ja as in ŋijaɠuˈɓɛːɠa ngiyakubeka (I put it) (wa), as in ŋiːwa ngiwa (I fall/I fall) the Austronesian language of Indonesian, has four native diphthong and can be located in the beginning, middle and end of words. They are: /ai̯/: balairung ('hall'), kedai ('shop'), pandai ('clever') /au̯ /: autodidak ('autodidact'), taufik (Indonesian name), kerbau ('buffalo'), limau ('lemon') /oi̯/(or/ʊi̯/in Indonesian) When amazed) /ei̯/: eigendom ('property'), survei ('survey') See also Digraph (orthography) Hiatus Index phonetic articles Table vowels Monophthong Semivowel Triphthong Vowel Vowel Vowel Breach Diaeresis Notes Links. Dictionary.com Unabridge. It's a random house. Definition of DIPHTHONG. www.merriam- webster.com. Definition of 'Diphthong' by SIL International, access to 17 January 2008 - FileFormat.Info, page on the association of inverted breve below - Used, for example, Donaldson, Bruce C. (1993), 1. Pronunciation, Grammar African, Muton de Gruiter, page 8-9, ISBN 97831110134261 The author states that African diphthongs /e'o' o' / can be transcribed /e' o'o/. Used, for example, Mangold, Max (2005), Das Aussprachew'rterbuch (6th Ed.), Doden, page 36-37, ISBN 978-3411040667. The author is transcribed by diphthongs ⟨ai au eu⟩ as a͜ i a͜ u ɔ͜ y. However, on page 36, he acknowledges that phonetically, aɪ̯ aʊ̯ ɔʏ̯ are more accurate characters. Battisti (2000) Fonetica Generale, page 224 , for example, Allen and Hawkins (1978) Development of the phonological rhythm contranst ⟨aɪ⟩ from ⟨a͜ ɪ⟩ from ⟨aɪ⟩ - b Chițoran (2002a:203) - Crystal, David (2008). Dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. Wiley. pp. diphthong. Richard M. Hogg, Norman Blake, R.W. Birchfield, Cambridge English History, CUP 1992, p. 49. Mangrio, Riaz Ahmed (June 22, 2016). Credit words in Urdu: Persian, Arabic English strands. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 9781443896634. Kaye and Lowenstamm (1984:139) - Shane (1995:588) - Padgett (2007:1938) - Shane (1995:606) 606) - Antoinette Shapper (2017), Papuan, Alor and Pantar, vol. 2, page 20. Goussenhoven (1992:46) - Verhoeven (2005:245) - Verhoeven (2007:221) - b c d Wiese (1996:198) - also supported by Trester-Mutz (2011:20). ^ Kleine (2003:263) ^ Chitoran (2001:11) harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFChitoran2001 (help) ^ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992:54) ^ Institut d'Estudis Catalans Archived 30 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine Els diftongs, els triftongs i els hiats – Gramàtica de la Llengua Catalana (provisional draft) ^ e.g. Lleó (1970) harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFLleó1970 (help), Wheeler (1979) harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFWheeler1979 (help) ^ Wheeler (2005:101) harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFWheeler2005 (help) ^ Mascaró (2002:580–581) harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFMascaró2002 (help) ^ Mascaró (2002:581) harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFMascaró2002 (help) ^ Faria (2003:7) ^ a b Cruz-Ferreira (1995:92) ^ a b Barbosa & Albano (2004:230) harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFBarbosaAlbano2004 (help) ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:256) ^ Azevedo, Milton M. (2004). Inthroduccion a la linguine Espanyol (in Spanish) (2nd ad.c. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-110959-6. Bertinetto and Loforcarcaro (2005:138) - Bertinetto and Loforcarcaro (2005:139) - Chițoran (2002a:204) - Chițoran (2002a:206 Chițoran) - Chițoran (2002b:217) :8-9) for a brief overview of views against Romanian semi-renewable No Chițoran (2002b:213) - (in Croatian) Vjesnik Archive 21 November 2000 on Archive.today Babich not zagovara korijenski pravopis, nego tra'i da Hrvati not piju mlijeko nego - mlieko Stockco onage: ynovne os. Colo (in Croatian). Archive from the original on February 17, 2008. Borg and Azzopardi-Alexander (1997:299) - Tilsabad and Abramson (1993:25) - Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture No: 50/2015, Jakarta, 2015. Birbos bibliography, Plenio A.; Albano, Eleanor K. (2004), Brazilian Portuguese, journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 227-232, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001756 Bertinetto, Pierre Marco; Loporcaro, Michele (2005), Sound picture of the standard Italian language, compared to the varieties spoken in Florence, Milan and Rome, magazine of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (2): 131-151, doi:10.1017/S002510030502148 Borg, Albert J.; Azzopardi-Alexander, Marie (1997), Maltese, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-02243-6 Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterry, Joaquim (1992), Catalon, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1-2): 53-56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618 Chițoran, (2001), The Phonology of Romanian: A Constraint-based Approach, Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter, ISBN 3-11-016766-2 Chițoran, Ioana (2002a), A perception-production study of Romanian diphthongs and glide-vowel sequences, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 32 (2): 203–222, doi:10.1017/S0025100302001044 Chițoran, Ioana (2002b), The phonology and morphology of Romanian diphthongization (PDF), Probus, 14 (2): 205–246, doi:10.1515/prbs.2002.009 Cruz-Ferreira, Madalena (1995), European Portuguese, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25 (2): 90–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005223 Faria, Arlo (2003), Applied Phonetics: Portuguese Text-to-Speech, University of California, Berkeley, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.134.8785 Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), Dutch, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X Kaye, Jonathan; Lowenstamm, Джин (1984), «De la syllabicit», в Dell, Франсуа; Вергно, Джин-Роджер; Херст, Даниэль (прим.), La forme sonore du langage, Париж: Германн, стр. 123-159, ISBN 9782705614119 Kleine, Ane (2003), Стандартный идиш, журнал Международной фонетической ассоциации, 33 (2): 261-265, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001385 Колер, Клаус J. (1999), Немецкий, Справочник Международной фонетической ассоциации: Руководство по использованию Международного фонетического алфавита, Кембридж: Кембриджский университет Пресс, стр. 86-89, doi:10.1017/S002100300004874, ISBN 0-521-65236-7 Крес, Ева Мария; Штетцер, Урсула (1982), Грошес Вертербух дер Deutschen Aussprache, Лейпциг: ВЭБ Библиографийский институт, ISBN 978-3323001404 Мартинес-Селдрон, Эухенио; Фернандес-Планас, Ана Ма.; Каррера-Сабате, Хосефина (2003), Кастильский испанский, журнал Международной фонетической ассоциации, 33 (2): 255-259, doi:10.1017/S002100303001373 Мангольд, Макс (1990). Дас Аусспрачевюартербух (на немецком языке) (3-й ред.). Дуденверлаг. ISBN 3-411-20916-X. 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Kalaya; Abramson, Arthur (1993), Thai, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 23 (1): 24-28, doi:10.1017/S002510030000476 Trester-Mutz, Stefan (2011), Variation of vowel length in German (PDF), Groningen Verhoeven, Joe (2005), Belgian standard Dutch, journal of the International Background Association (PDF), Groningen Verhoeven, Joe (2005), Belgian standard Dutch, journal of the International Background Association (PDF), Groningen Verhoeven, Joe (2005), Belgian standard Dutch, journal of the International Background Association, 35 (2): 243-247, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002173 Verhoeven, Joe (2007), Belgian Lim dialect Hamont, Journal of the International Telephone Association, 37 (2): 219-225, doi:10.1017/S002510030702940 Verhoeven, Joe; Van Bael, C. (2002), Akoestische kenmerken van de Nederlandse Clinkers in Drie Vlaamse Regio's, Taal en Tongval, 54: 1-23 Wiese, Richard (1996), German Phonics, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-824040-6 Extracted from monophthongs diphthongs triphthongs examples. monophthongs diphthongs triphthongs pdf. monophthongs diphthongs triphthongs vowels

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