2020 National Black History Month

1

Fontana Unified values the diversity of our students and and national levels, campaigns for equal rights legislation, staff throughout the district. Through this diversity, our as well as the role of blacks in traditional and alternative students and staff have the opportunity to grow into political parties. productive citizens who honor, respect, and value the Reprinted from www.asalh.org (Association for the Study diversity of others. This month Fontana Unified has the of African American Life and History) opportunity to explore “African Americans and the VOTE”, the theme for the 2020 National Black History Month. Each school has shared different activities and events occurring throughout the month of February.

The year 2020 marks the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment and the culmination of the women’s suffrage movement. The year 2020 also marks the sesquicentennial of the Fifteenth Amendment (1870) and the right of black men to the ballot after the Civil War.

The theme speaks, therefore, to the ongoing struggle on the part of both black men and black women for the right to vote. This theme has a rich and long history, which begins at the turn of the nineteenth century, i.e., in the era of the Early Republic, with the states’ passage of laws that democratized the vote for white men while disfranchising free black men. Thus, even before the Civil War, black men petitioned their legislatures and the US Congress, seeking to be recognized as voters.

Tensions between abolitionists and women’s suffragists first surfaced in the aftermath of the Civil War, while black disfranchisement laws in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries undermined the guarantees in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments for the great majority of southern blacks until the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The important contribution of black suffragists occurred not only within the larger women’s movement, but within the larger black voting rights movement. Through voting- rights campaigns and legal suits from the turn of the twentieth century to the mid-1960s, African Americans made their voices heard as to the importance of the vote.

Indeed the fight for black voting rights continues in the courts today. The theme of the vote should also include the rise of black elected and appointed officials at the local

2

Elementary Schools Beech Avenue Elementary Students at Beech Avenue Elementary school will be celebrating African American History month using primary source materials which illuminate black history and African American scientific discoveries. Using the core curriculum, we will discover our place in history. We will read about great Americans like Marin Luther King Jr, Harriet Tubman, and Ruby Bridges. After studying Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech, students create pictures and writing Canyon Crest Elementary about their dreams for the future. Students will create a short piece of writing to incorporate into a craft. Students at Canyon Crest will be integrating Black History Students read and discuss several short poems by month throughout all the grade levels. Various activities Langston Hughes. They will reflect on their favorite include: poems. ❖ Kindergarten: The Kindergarten team will listen Older students will read news articles about Harriet to a biography about Martin Luther King, Jr. and Tubman being the new face of the $20 dollar bill for the answer comprehension questions about him. 100th anniversary of women’s right to vote. Students will also create a picture of Dr. King using construction paper, glue and scissors. Students will utilize 2 sources in a study of Martin ❖ First Grade: Students will learn about important Luther King Jr. They will combine the information from black leaders such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., these two sources to answer the prompt, “What did Dr. Harriet Tubman, Rosa Parks, and George Martin Luther King Jr. do to help get equality for all Washington Carver. Students will create thinking Americans?” Students will complete a character analysis maps about what they have learned about each of Martin Luther King Jr. They will participate in a gallery leader. They will also learn about the chosen walk of quotes from the civil rights era. To conclude, they profession of each leader for career week. will participate in discussion of famous Black Americans Students will also be writing about a profession who have made an impact on American History. that they would like to be and what their dreams Writing will include character analysis, essays, and are. reports about pioneers of the civil rights movement. ❖ Second Grade: Will watch a video on Dr. Martin Students will practice speaking skills while presenting Luther King, Jr. They will then have a discussion their black history gallery walks and participating in class and then write an essay about the Dr. King and discussion. Social studies will include investigating the his impact on American History. Civil Rights Movement and Harriet Tubman's ❖ Third Grade: Students will be watching several contributions to the Underground Railroad. We will videos about Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. as well as utilize primary source documents and do careful analysis a discussion about Black History Month from and draft essays to share our new learning. Visual and Scholastic News. In addition, they will be doing a performing arts will be integrated through picture research project about Dr. King. analysis, poster creation, reader’s theater, and ❖ Fourth Grade: Students will read a different opportunities to experience jazz music lessons. story each day about historic achievements by Black Americans. After each individual story, Kathy Binks Elementary they will hold class discussions about each story. Teachers at Kathy Binks will discuss with students the ❖ Fifth Grade: For African American History Month history of the African American vote and students will do a research project and an art compare/contrast history to the year 2020. activity on inspiring African American achievers. Students will select an African American achiever from a list. They will research information about 3

their historical figure, create a poster with ❖ Second Grade: For Black History Month, information about them along with a drawing of students will read and answer comprehension them. They will also create a poem about their questions in Read Works about influential historical figure. African Americans. Students will also orally present their writing about a famous African American. As a class, they will complete an Chaparral Academy of Technology African American History "Quilt" Poster. Students will learn about Dr. Martin Luther King, At Chaparral Elementary there are many exciting things Jr., using Easy Readers from the Social Studies happening at each grade level. Curriculum. They will use grade level readers ❖ Early Childhood Special Day Class: In our EC-SDC from the curriculum to learn about Sojourner classes, we will listen to a poem called “My own Truth, MLK, Harriet Tubman, Maye Jemison, M. two hands” and do an art project that entails M. Bethune, Rosa Parks, and George Washington painting two hands around quotes from the Carver. They will use these individuals for their poem “My own two hands.” We will also listen writing (two per week). Lastly, they will use a to and sing a song about Dr. Martin Luther King, "Holiday" Readers' Theater script for reading. ❖ Kindergarten: During Black History Month, we The script honors several different significant will be learning about President Obama through African American individuals. ❖ videos, literature, and informational texts. We Special Day Class: Students will divide into two will research, create a Circle Map Thinking Map, groups and will create posters about a notable and then do a short writing piece. This will African American historical figure. ❖ create a valuable connection between Black Third Grade: Each student will pick a famous History Month and Presidents’ Day. African American to do a research project on. ❖ First Grade: First grade will be researching (on Students will be reading passages about their the Internet and by reading books) famous famous person, filling out a timeline and graphic historical figures, such as: Dr. Martin Luther King, organizer, and creating a Sway presentation to Jr., Rosa Parks, George Washington Carver, present to the class. Research topics will either Harriet Tubman, and Ruby Bridges. They will be be on President Barack Obama, Frederick writing down interesting facts that they learn Douglass, Harriet Tubman, or Rosa Parks. about each of these figures. Students will also be watching Little Rock, Civil Rights Movement, Barack Obama Becomes President, and Harriet Tubman on Discovery Streaming Plus. ❖ Fourth Grade: Students will be reading Our Friend Martin and discussing Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. They will also be reading several other children’s books about famous African- Americans or by African-American authors. Afterwards they will be writing biographies. First, they will gather facts on circle maps and write a paragraph to share with their tablemates and their parents about what they learned; significant contributions; and why they should be remembered. Students will then work on a solo project at home: each student is gathering research and writing a five-paragraph essay on a famous African-American of their choice. ❖ Fifth Grade: Fifth graders will be working on “Hero Spotlights” by utilizing informational texts; this will cover multiple ELA standards. They will be writing essays about famous African 4

Americans throughout history. Additionally, they ❖ Fifth Grade: Students will be reading an article will be the working on a section in Wonders that on MLK and his “I Have a Dream” speech. They addresses the Civil Rights Movement. will complete a timeline of MLK’s life and watch a video on Discovery Streaming followed by a classroom discussion of the events (March on Washington, passing of the Civil Rights Act, receiving the Nobel Peace prize). ❖ Sixth Grade: Students will be reading the poem: Rosa (in our Study Sync curriculum) and then look at the poetic structure of the poem.

Cypress Elementary During the month of February, a famous African Citrus Elementary American quote will be read every Monday during At Citrus Elementary each grade level has a separate Morning Announcements. A school-wide bulletin board activity planned for their students: will be created with the theme “People Who Made a Difference”. The bulletin board will be displayed in the ❖ Kindergarten: Students will be creating, coloring main student hallway. and reading a mini book on Dr. Martin Luther Grade levels have the following activities planned: King, Jr. ❖ First Grade: Students will be working on ❖ Kindergarten: Students will develop posters Scholastic News January 2020 Edition 1 which is depicting notable African-Americas in History about Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. It includes his ❖ First Grade: Students will watch videos and read story, a video about his life and achievements books about African Americans who played an and it has a short video on a portion of his “I have important role in the black voting rights a dream” speech. The activities included with movement, completing multiple writing this issue also includes comprehension questions assignments and concluding with an art project. on the time life of events in Dr. Kings life, reading ❖ Second Grade: Students will generate writing checkpoint questions, and comprehension samples along with presentations using Sway. questions. ❖ Second Grade: Students will be creating an ❖ Third Grade: Students will choose an African African American Mural in the cafeteria and then American historical figure and create a speech to have a critical thinking discussion in regard to the inform their audience about that person’s impact and contributions of famous African contribution to the black suffrage movement. American to the country and the world including ❖ Fourth Grade: Students will complete research the personalities featured in the mural. projects on the struggles both black men and ❖ Third Grade: Students will be doing close reading women endured for the right to vote after the passages for famous Black Americans. These Civil War. include Barack Obama, MLK Jr., Sojourner Truth, ❖ Fifth Grade: Students will develop essays Rosa Parks, Thurgood Marshall, Frederick focusing on black disfranchisement laws in the Douglass, Harriet Tubman, George Washington late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Carver. In addition, teachers will have a power

point that goes into the voting issues faced Black Americans and how it affected voters. Date Elementary ❖ Fourth Grade: Each classroom will select one or more texts to analyze and discuss with class. Date Elementary has scheduled their events throughout Students will use thinking maps to capture the the month of February. These events will be conducted details, facts, and opinions of the results of this on a weekly base as different school-wide activities, part of our American History. commemorating Black History Month.

5

❖ First Grade: Students will be using a packet that ❖ First Grade: Scholars will be focusing on highlights the life and accomplishments of significant Authors. different African Americans. Within these ❖ Second Grade: Scholars will then be researching packets, there are opportunities for students to and learning about historic Artists. practice close reading skills, create thinking ❖ Third Grade: Influential leaders will be the focus maps, and discuss the text/QAR. for the scholars in this grade level. ❖ Second Grade: Students will be doing close ❖ Fourth Grade: Civil Rights Activists who made reading with ten informational passages about impressions throughout history. the Heroes of the Underground Railroad and ❖ Fifth Grade: Athletes will be the focus for taking the close reads to writing. Passage topics scholars. include the following: The Underground ❖ Sixth Grade: Scholars will be focusing on Railroad, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Samul Burris, successful Inventors in sixth grade. Levi Coffin, John Fairfield, Thomas Garrett, John Dorothy Grant Innovations Academy Parker, Rev. John Rankin, William Still, and Harriet Tubman. Dorothy Grant Innovations Academy will have the honor ❖ Third Grade: Students will use a PowerPoint of participating in the City of Fontana’s Black History presentation titled African Americans and the Month Parade at the end of the month. All students & Vote. The presentation addresses the voting families are welcomed & encouraged to participate. In rights legislations and highlights two elected addition, some students will be writing essays, creating officials and two appointed officials through the posters, reciting poetry, creating artwork and reading use of multimedia. They also have a about monumental figures that have paved the way or performance task that addresses these sources. made a difference in the history of African Americans. Other activities are scheduled to support this learning. ❖ Fourth grade: Students will give weekly class discussions on African Americans and the Vote. They will cover influential African Americans. Time will be given for students to research this topic and come to the discussions prepared with comments, questions, and curiosities. Students and teacher will take turns facilitating the dialogue. ❖ Fifth grade: Students will involve students in a research project where students will investigate about non-famous African Americans as it Juniper Elementary relates to Black history and the vote. Students will participate in Readers' Theater Juniper Elementary will pay homage to Black History performances on this topic. They will follow-up Month engaging students in several activities. with art, music, and other theater activities. ❖ Teachers will work with students on creating an “I Have a Dream” chain. Students will be Dolores Huerta International Academy provided with construction paper strips to write their dream on. These will then be linked Scholars at Dolores Huerta International Academy will be together and displayed in the cafeteria. Each focusing on specific groups of influential African grade level will be represented by a different Americans throughout history. At the end of the studies, color. scholars will post their work for display in the Multi- ❖ A “My Dream is...." wall be designed in the Purpose Room for viewing. Work will be posted in time cafeteria. for viewing at Open House the last week of February ❖ Each Friday students will have weekly facts or ❖ Kindergarten: Scholars will focus on Martin about important African American figures Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and Ruby Bridges. shared with them.

6

Live Oak Elementary Process”, “The First Election” and then have a critical conversation about the fact that only Students will be involved in writing activities regarding white men could vote in the first election, and in the work of Dr. MLK Jr., - Artistic representations, elections for nearly 100 years after that. discussion on what fairness means, and read alouds. Students will also discuss the 15th Amendment, Locust Elementary be given a brief history of the civil war and how Americans were fighting to make everything fair Teachers will be teaching black history month lessons for African Americans and students will be writing and/or creating art. ❖ Third Grade: Students will read picture book, Papa’s Mark, and discuss about voting. They will then create an art Collage of famous people + reading articles about each person + vote on most influential + bar graph for student votes ❖ Fourth and Fifth: Students will read and analyze the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and discuss why this act was needed despite the existence of the 15th Amendment. The culminating activity will then be to ask the students to respond to the "What I Know" column on their KWL chart (pdf) about the Voting Rights Act of 1965. After they have completed this task, the teacher will play the We will culminate the videos and activities by creating a one pager that includes drawings Mango Elementary and sequential information that led up to and Mango Elementary will participate in an interactive beyond the Voting Rights act. voting assembly that provides students with an North Tamarind Elementary interactive experience of the injustices African American’s endured during their journey “To the Vote”. On the first Monday of February students will come to the MPR at their respective grade level times and Maple Elementary participate in an event called African American Read In. Students at Maple Elementary will be involved in This event was created by the Black Caucus for the multiple activities throughout the school site: purpose of introducing literature from black authors to people. Students will enjoy stories read to them by the ❖ Kindergarten and First Grade: Students will principal. read/be read to about Martin Luther King Jr. Who was he? Why was he important? What was lifelike back when he was fighting for civil rights? Oak Park Elementary Students will read the poem “Martin’s Dream” and be asked if they think his dream was a good During announcements Oak Park will share one to have? Should we fight for what we believe accomplishments of prominent African Americans in? What freedoms do we have today? Students throughout the month during their morning will then discuss laws, rules, equality, voting, announcements and Friday assemblies. Each grade level using a classifying thinking map…discuss the has exciting projects planned for their students. following and put the ideas onto the thinking map. ❖ Kindergarten: Student will read “Let’s Vote on ❖ Second Grade: Students will learn the It”, “Rosa Parks”. Students will then create importance of voting and be able to explain Circle Maps and create Flow Charts on the text different governmental institutions and read in class. practices in the United States and other ❖ First Grade: Students will have a lesson on countries. Ways students will learn this process Martin Luther King, Jr. to “find out how this is by reading and discussing “The Election famous American helped change our country.” Follow up with an exercise on “Fairness” in 7

different situations and write about how he ❖ Kindergarten: Students will engage in read-a- changed life for all Americans. loud activities, and do an art project around “I ❖ Second Grade: Students will read a text about have a dream” Martin Luther King then create a foldable to ❖ First Grade: Students will create a mural of Black organize the information we learned about Leaders and narrative writing on Martin Luther MLK. Then discuss the role he played to change King, Jr. America including voting rights. ❖ Second Grade: Students will read on famous ❖ Third Grade: Student will read an essay on African Americans and conduct research on Harriet Tubman and Rosa Parks and compare famous African American leaders. and contrast the two women. They will sort facts ❖ Third Grade: Students will read a poetic about both women and chart similarities and biography on Martin Luther King, Jr. Create an “I differences. They will then take the information Have A Dream” art project and write a narrative and make a double bubble map and use this writing piece information to write a multi-paragraph essay ❖ Fourth Grade: Students will conduct research comparing the two women. and have a discussion on civil rights around ❖ Fourth and Fifth Grades: Students will read an African Americans. Students will have student excerpt from MLK “I Have a Dream…” speech and led discussions about the topic and collaborative watch a video of him when he was younger. activities about what they learned. Students will then have the opportunity to ❖ Fifth Grade: Research project on famous African discuss events in his time that led to his famous American leaders from the 19th-21st century. speech and then listen to the audio of the speech Presentations on their projects industry. and discuss similarities of events in his time with Students will gather information from videos and those of today. They will write a draft, share, and articles. Students will then write informative discuss ideas for their own “I have a Dream…” essays. interactive museum. speech and paint a multi-shaded portrait of MLK that is symbolic of his representation of people Poplar Elementary of all races. Grade levels at Poplar Elementary will be focusing on the Oleander Elementary following activities: ❖ Oleander Elementary students will be completing the Pre- School: Students will be shown a picture following: next to the calendar displaying African American people and every Friday the teacher will read a ❖ Black History Research Papers book where with African American characters or ❖ Timeline of important Black History events as the main character. ❖ Lapbook Biography Projects ❖ Transitional Kindergarten: Students will be ❖ African American Hero Puppets studying several people for black history month ❖ MLK writing Projects including Rosa Parks, Jackie Robinson, George Washington Carver just to name a few. Students will do all kinds of activities including read books, Palmetto Elementary find sight words, comprehension activities. ❖ Kindergarten: Students will be read to regarding the biography of Dr. Martin Luther King’s life and a follow up activity that entails the creation of a paper plate world either by painting or coloring The Earth and on the back a writing prompt, “We learned about Dr. King’s dream, tell me what is your dream?” ❖ First Grade: Students will be learning about and writing text regarding famous African Palmetto students and teachers have a variety of events Americans. The notables include Martin Luther scheduled: King Jr., Rosa Parks, Harriet Tubman, George 8

Washington Carver, Mae Jemison, Jackie Underground Railroad, and Follow the Drinking Robinson, and Thurgood Marshall. Gourd. ❖ Second Grade: Students will have books read to them that include, “My Brother Martin” by Christine King Farris, “Martin’s big Words” by Ted Porter Elementary Doreen Rappaport, and “I Have a Dream: The At Porter Elementary there are many exciting activities Story of Martin Luther King” by Margaret Davidson. Additional resources shared within class include: Videos on Discovery Education, YouTube and quick write that asks students, “Why do you think Martin Luther King, Jr. was a hero?” ❖ Third Grade: Students will do a writing and creative art activity on Martin Luther King Jr. This will include a “I wish for the world…” writing based on his famous speech. Also, students will do a research project on a famous African American woman and do a sway presentation on her. ❖ Fourth Grade: Students will create a map with occurring at school wide. Students will be discussing the the locations of safe houses, the UGRR and to below themes and completing the following activities write short biographies identifying the part that throughout all grade levels: important people had in the success of the ❖ Social Justice, diversity, equality underground railroad. We are currently doing ❖ Martin Luther King, Jr. the Little Rock Nine info to narrative writing, and ❖ Essential Question: What was Martin Luther King we will be plotting the underground railroad and Jr.’s dream? writing letters to Harriet Tubman. ❖ Student writing: What is your dream for the ❖ Fifth Grade: Students will be learning about world? Harriet Tubman, Rosa Parks, and Dr. Mae ❖ Create classroom bulletin board “I Have a Jenison. Students will also learn about a famous Dream”. African American musician or singer every day ❖ Learning about differences from all genres including jazz, blues, soul, rock, ❖ Color mixing for skin tones and pop. ❖ Read and share stories of other historical figures ❖ Sixth Grade: Students will be learning about (Rosa Parks, Ruby Bridges, Harriet Tubman, black Americans (i.e. Harriet Tubman, Sojourner George Washington Carver etc.) Truth, Marian Anderson, Jackie Robinson, Mae ❖ View videoclips, read books about historical Jemison, George Washington Carver) figures and current figures, classroom throughout the month of February. discussions, and journal writing. Furthermore, during their library period the ❖ With teacher guidance, students will read and teacher will read a book about African - complete a foldable book for each of the Americans (i.e. Ruby Bridges, John H. Johnson) to following individuals- Harriet Tubman, Garrett the Poseidon group. Morgan, Booker T. Washington, Rosa Parks, ❖ SDC: Students will read their News 2 You article Ruby Bridges, Harriet Tubman, George about important African American leaders and Washington Carver, Oprah Winfrey, Jackie contributors and do the accompanying activities, Robinson, Sojourner Truth, Michelle and Barak including comprehension questions for the Obama article, a related craft and vocabulary ❖ Students will work in cooperative groups to identification. answer comprehension questions about the ❖ Choir: The Choir will learn and sing songs such articles. as: When the Saints Go Marching In, Wade in the ❖ Student Writing: “What is your dream for our Water, We Shall Overcome, The Ballad of the world?” 9

❖ Students will read two articles on Maya Angelou displayed on their board. Students will also read and Michelle Obama multicultural stories and create a multicultural ❖ Complete “All About Maya Angelou/Michelle art piece. They will focus on how Martin Luther Obama” worksheet King Jr. helped to see that it is important that we ❖ With a partner, students will complete a celebrate our differences and learn from the vast timeline. varieties of cultures to be a better society. ❖ Novel Study: Elijah of Buxton ❖ Mini Bio: Frederick Douglas and The Randall Pepper Elementary Underground Railroad Randall Pepper Elementary will be integrating variety of activities into their classroom instruction throughout the month of February. Students will be writing essays, creating stories and illustrations based on their knowledge of the many influential people from the African American community. Biographies will be read and written by students as well. The school’s librarian will have lecture series on famous African American people in history. Students will also have access to resources in the classroom and library to further support their knowledge of the rich history and roles of the African American culture. Virginia Primrose Elementary Redwood Elementary Students at Primrose Elementary will have the During the month of February, Redwood students will opportunity to participate in a variety of projects research African American famous inventors. As a throughout the month of February. They include: culminating project, students will create a display board or visual project representing their chosen inventor. ❖ Kindergarten: Students will discuss Dr. Martin Redwood will then set-up all projects in the Parent Luther King Jr. and discuss the history of how Center room #19 as well as in the campus display cases. schools were very different many years ago. They will also discuss why Dr. Martin Luther King Shadow Hills Elementary Jr. was a such an important part of our history. They will complete an activity packet that the Shadow Hills Elementary has a variety of activities students will do in class and took take home to scheduled throughout all their grade levels throughout share with their families. the month of February. ❖ First Grade: Students will create a book. It will ❖ Kindergarten: students will read books about Dr. take the entire month and will contain 10 African Martin Luther King Jr. and will make headbands Americans. that say, "I have a dream." Students will have a ❖ Second Grade: In Social Studies, we are studying class discussion on what their dreams will be for about Martin Luther King Jr. life and the civil the world. rights. We are doing a timeline of his life. ❖ First Grade: Students will create a class book ❖ Third Grade: Students will create a human based on the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. quote: "I timeline portraying the sequence of Civil Rights have decided to stick with love. Hate is too great in regard to voting and laws passed for African a burden to bear." Students each write a page in Americans. the book. ❖ Fourth and Fifth Grade: Students will be doing a ❖ Second Grade: Students will be reading several research paper on a Black American who had an texts about Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s life and impact on the STEM field and then make a 2-liter watching a short movie about him. They'll be bottle representation of the person. working on a map of his famous march and a ❖ Special Education: Students will be coloring picture sequence of the Montgomery Bus pictures to go along with a paragraph about their Boycott. Finally, they'll write an essay contributions to our country. These will be summarizing it all. 10

❖ Third Grade: Students will do reading stations • Week 3: Students will learn how to fill out a about heroes throughout history. Books include: ballot and actually vote. Ruby Bridges, Martin Luther King, Jr., Civil Rights, • Week 4: Students will review and discuss Harriet Tubman, Hidden Figures, Jesse Owens, the actual results of Brown vs. Board of Henry's Freedom Box, The Boy Who Harnessed education. the Wind, and Jackie Robinson, Sisters & • Kindergarten students will be assigned an Champions: The True Story of Venus and Serena African American who has made a significant Williams, Chase Space: Young Reader's Edition- contribution to our society. The project includes: Leland Melvin. Then students will write an • Students will bring a visual display or informational article about a hero who inspires dress up like their historical figure. them. • Students will use a paragraph structure ❖ Fourth Grade: Students will be making a to demonstrate knowledge of 3 facts biography quilt. This will consist of the students about their historical figure. They can reading about an influential African American, answer the questions below as part of such as: leaders, authors, scientist and sports their paragraph: heroes. They will write why that person is ▪ Who are you? influential. They will also take that information ▪ What did you do to contribute to and create a PowerPoint and present their black history? information to the class. ▪ How did your contribution ❖ Fifth Grade: Students will research historically improve the lives of people? black colleges. Each student will then create a ▪ How do we use your PowerPoint on his/her college and present to contribution today? others. • Students will create a book page detailing their historical figure. The page should contain 2 visuals and the student’s paragraph. The page should feature the assigned letter, and paragraph should begin with this letter. The class will create an “ABCs of Black History” Book. • Students will present their historical figure to the class. The student should be able to recite 3 facts about their figure. Sierra Lakes Elementary ❖ First Grade: Students will concentrate on African American activities that will be literature- Sierra Lakes Elementary has integrated activities based. Among the books that we will be reading throughout all their grade levels throughout the month include: of February. • A Sweet Smell of Roses ❖ Library: Each week the librarian will be reading • Amelia to Zora a different book, about black people and the • A Picture Book of Sojourner Truth, Freedom right to vote and after reading, there will a on the Menu different activity. • Free to Fly • Week 1: Students will watch a brief video ❖ Second Grade students will be studying African on the history channel of the voting rights American inventors. These are some of the act of 1965, We will discuss brown vs The inventors’ students will be reading about and Board of Education discussing how their inventions changed the world. • Week 2: Students will decorate posters Each inventor's page includes background information, a description of the invention, and a supporting that cause. "Did You Know?" fact.

11

• Alexander Miles, who improved the segregation safety of elevators in schools, in • Elijah McCoy, the "real McCoy," whose 1960. invention allowed trains to run more Students will efficiently compare this • Lewis Latimer, whose bright invention article to an made the lightbulb more practical article about • Jan Ernst Matzeliger, the creator of a women shoemaking machine the revolutionized getting the right to vote in 1920. In addition, the industry students will also be reading the following • Granville T. Woods, the inventor of a picture books during African American History train-to-train communication system • George Washington Carver, an Month: agricultural expert who advised • Aunt Harriet's Underground Railroad in the President Theodore Roosevelt Sky by Faith Ringgold • Madam C. J. Walker, a businesswoman • From Slave to Soldier by Deborah who became one of America's first self- Hopkinson made female millionaires • More Than Anything Else by Marie Bradby • Garrett Morgan, the creator of the gas ▪ This story is about an mask and the first traffic signal with three commands African American boy who • Dr. Charles Richard Drew, who saved works in the salt mines thousands of lives with his invention for from sunup to sundown but improving blood banks because of his • Otis Boykin, whose work in electronics determination and resulted in a resistor that made dedication, he still manages electronic devices cheaper and more to fulfill his dream of reliable learning to read. • James E. West, who invented ❖ Fourth Grade: Students will be learning about microphone technology famous African Americans through literature. • Dr. Patricia Bath, an ophthalmologist Some of the famous African American’s whose surgical tool revolutionized eye included in the area of literature and surgery comprehension specifically focus on: • Lonnie G. Johnson, a NASA engineer and • Misty Copeland (principal ballerina to the inventor of the world-famous Super ABT) Soaker! • George Washington Carver (scientist) • Mark Dean, who co-invented the personal computer Students will also view glyphs and listen to ❖ Third Grade: Students will be reading using songs written by different African Americans three ReadWorks passages and questions from such as: their Famous African Americans articles. They will be reading about: • Scott Joplin (musician) • Michael Jackson (musician) • Thurgood Marshall • Billie Holiday (musician) • Jackie Robinson ❖ Fifth Grade student will be focusing on the • Oprah Winfrey following activities: In addition, students will write short answer • "The Green Book": Use close reading responses to questions for each article. strategies to read the article. Use the Students will also be reading a ReadWorks information from the green book to plan a article about Ruby Bridges' role in the end of 12

trip as an African American in the early give oral presentations to learn about important 1900s. historical figures and events to celebrate the month. • Virtual Field Trip: Students will tour the Classrooms will display various art projects and history Smithsonian National Museum of African quilts that students will produce as a result of their American History and Culture. Afterwards, learning. Lastly, the student council will highlight a daily they will write an opinion paragraph about the exhibit that they found to be most impactful. • Work in small groups to create a collage identifying and celebrating African American’s lives and contributions. • Design a door decoration that brings awareness and creativity to the celebrations of Black History month. • Review informational articles included in Scholastic News and respond to the opinion writing section and watch accompanying famous African American Person in the morning videos. announcements. West Randall Elementary South Tamarind Elementary West Randall will celebrate by honoring the accomplishments of many historical figures. Grade levels South Tamarind students will be celebrating Black also have the following activities planned: History Month by completing the following activities: ❖ ❖ The library will have books and posters displayed Kindergarten: Students will create door display celebrating the month. The librarian will read a as a group project. ❖ story to each class, during library time, about the First Grade: Students will research Martin Luther significance of Black History Month. The MPR will King, Jr., using scholastic news and other related have posters displayed. text to create a tri-fold informational pamphlet. ❖ Second Grade: Students will read and ❖ TK – First Grade: Students will be read a story understand Martin Luther King’s Jr.’s, I Have A about an African American historical figure. They will then create a class circle map and drawing a Dream speech. They will then practice and recite picture of the person. parts of the speech. ❖ ❖ Second and Third Grade: Students will be Third Grade: Students will write a biography creating a poster with a writing piece regarding about a noteworthy African Americans who the African American historical figure chosen. supported the right to vote. Students will use They will present the poster to their class. the Write from the Beginning/Thinking Map ❖ Fourth and Fifth Grade: Students will be writing Process. ❖ Fourth Grade: 4th grade student group will use an essay using Thinking Maps and Write from the Close Read strategies to analyze text about Beginning strategies about an African American Fannie Lou Hamer. Historical figure. ❖ Fifth Grade: Students will conduct a research Tokay Elementary projected about Fredrick Douglas. ❖ Sixth Grade: This group of students will The school kicked off Black History by having 3rd grade participate in a Black History Month writing students perform " Ayanna the Great" and sing at our competition. In addition, sixth grade classes will monthly assembly. Students will be analyzing poems, annotate the I Have A Dream speech and watch learning songs and having class discussions about a video presentation of the speech, as well. They prominent African Americans. In addition, many classes will then compare/contrast the emotional will use thinking maps, write informational essays and impact of each mediums.

13

Middle Schools Alder Middle School flyers, posters, buttons, be creative, spread the word about how awesome their candidate is, and to display Alder promotes National African American History their propaganda all around campus and in the school Month through the implementation of subject specific library. Get the word out to everyone about the activities within several departments: wonderful things this individual’s done, help to raise ❖ ELA: Students will be writing about Civil Rights awareness. Finally, Almeria’s vote will be on Friday, activists and prominent African American February 28th students will be encouraged to visit the individuals through quick writes and essay library, or one of the polling booths on campus to vote writing contests. for their favorite Black American Leader. The votes will ❖ Social Science: Courses will be covering the Civil be tallied, and the winner will be announced the Rights Movement through the month of following school day. February. Specific culminating presentations In addition to the above, Almeria has asked our students and projects will be completed by the students. to volunteer and be part of the Cultural Celebrations In addition, some courses will be focusing and Team. The group consists of 19 volunteers who meet highlighting the impact and contributions of weekly to generate student-led activities for students. African Americans within US and World History. Students are empowered to work collaboratively, ❖ Art: art topics for the month of February include enhance communication skills, and be as creative as creating artwork of heroes within the African possible when developing ideas and planning the American community and highlighting their execution of the activities. Students will develop 9 to 10 contributions. different activities to engage our student body on campus. Each table booth has a display board describing the activity and the history behind it. All the booths are student ran. Some activities include crafts, music, games, and historical/popular ethnic sample beverage and/or sample of a popular ethic snack. The Cultural Celebration team work collaboratively the ASB students and Renaissance students to make banners, posters, morning announcements, etc. that will also contribute to Black History celebration.

Fontana Middle School

Fontana Middle School will honor Black History Month in the following format:

Almeria Middle School ❖ The School Secretary will share a little-known Black History Month at Almeria Middle will focus on Black History fact daily during morning Leadership, African Americans and the Vote. We will announcements. accomplish this by collaborating with each of our POD ❖ The librarian will set up a feature table with Leadership teams. Each POD Leadership team will African American authors for student to check choose a different Black American Leader. Then the POD out. teams will research their selected individual, finding out ❖ Social Studies teachers will set aside time to as much information about them as they can. Next each discuss elements of Black History Month with POD Leadership team will create a political campaign for their students including, slavery, civil rights, and this individual. The teams are encouraged to develop 14

important scientists, inventors, entertainers, ❖ English Language Arts teachers will also be and athletes that impacted their filed. incorporating Black History elements within ❖ Various teacher will set up thematic bulletin their curriculum. boards commemorating important Black ❖ During our Eagles time news broadcasts there Historical Figures. we also be included elements of Black History content. Southridge Tech Middle School

Southridge Tech Middle School will be holding our Annual Black History Celebration and Awards Ceremony, February 28, 2020 during the day. In honor of Black History Month, the awards for each discipline and/or program have been named after prolific African Americans who have made significant contributions to our country. The awards celebrate their persistence,

creativity, resilience, knowledge, and diversity. The Wayne Ruble Middle School Southridge faculty has selected students because they have exhibited qualities of one or more of these heroes. Wayne Ruble Middle School students are participating in an African American History Museum! During the month The event will recognize student academic achievement of February, students are encouraged to create a project and growth over the first semester. Students will be about African American inventors, architects, scientists, receiving one or more of the following awards at our doctors, politicians, fashion, sports, food, etc. Our school mid-year awards: librarian is promoting research and reading to encourage ❖ Excellence in English Language Arts students to seek out African Americans whose ❖ Excellence in Artistic Expression contributions have been less known, but equally as ❖ Excellence in Mathematics ❖ Excellence in Technology impactful to our world! Social Studies teachers will be ❖ Excellence in Social Studies highlighting "Black Moments in History" throughout the ❖ Excellence in Orchestra and Band month of February. Wayne Ruble Middle School will also ❖ Excellence in Science be hosting the February meeting for the District African ❖ Excellence in Academics American Parent Advisory Committee (DAAPAC) on ❖ Excellence in Athletics February 13, 2020 @ 6pm. The meeting will feature our ❖ Excellence in Community Service own WRMS Choir singing the Black National Anthem, ❖ Excellence in Vocal Music student dancers from our WRMS & A.B. Miller Dance ❖ Excellence in Leadership and School Service Academy, a student performing a "Moment in Black History" & sharing of student projects from various We are very excited to recognize the amazing students schools in Fontana Unified School District. we have at Southridge Tech Middle School for their hard Sequoia Middle School work, dedication, character, and responsibility.

Sequoia Middle School will be integrating variety of We are also planning to have Step Teams and Programs activities into the school setting throughout the month visit during lunch time to promote awareness and of February: celebrate African American Culture.

❖ The librarian will set up a feature table with Harry S. Truman Middle School African American authors for student to check out and spotlight literatures. Truman Middle School will have the library create a ❖ Social Studies teachers will be sharing concept of timeline display depicting the progress for African to discuss elements of Black History Month with Americans right to vote, including a slide show and their students. books and biographies on the topic selected for browsing. 15

High School Eric Birch High School Citrus High School

Eric Birch High School is excited to celebrate African Citrus High School will be doing the following activities American History Month. We have the following learning for Black History Month opportunities planned: ❖ English classes will be implementing learning ❖ Junior English: The focus of the unit is on free activities around the First Amendment and market of ideas, journalism, and free press. studying Critical Race Theory as a supplemental Students will be reading and analyzing some resource to Othello. current event news articles that incorporate the ❖ Bulletin Announcements – CHS will highlight 14 learning targets. For African American History people throughout the month who broke color barriers to become the first Black Americans to month, students will read an article associated achieve historic accomplishments in politics, with the celebration of African American History academics, aviation, entertainment and more. in different places in the nation and how it ❖ Social Studies classes will be playing the video represents our free press in America. and/or audio recordings of Dr. Martin Luther ❖ US History: Students will be learning about the King’s “I Have a Dream” speech. Students will U.S. involvement in WWII. During this unit conduct learning activities around influential students will learn about topics related to African American figures in Government and African American History such as the Tuskegee influential African American figures in the area of Airmen, Doris Miller, and African American Economics. women joining the workforce to help war ❖ ASB activities throughout the month will include production. Students will also begin a unit on the trivia questions during lunch for a silicone wrist Civil Rights Movement which focuses on changes band and MLK posters will be posted by the ASB/Student Store in the United States brought on by African ❖ Art students are working on an abstract- surreal American civil participation. During this unit painting that conveys a positive image/ historical students will explore how nonviolent protests person for National African-American History conflicted with more extreme forms of protest. Month The main avenue for this will be through evaluating primary source readings from both Malcom X and Martin Luther King Jr. and identifying differences in their philosophies. ❖ Physical Science: Students will read and discuss biographies of African American Scientists. ❖ Government: Students will have lesson

presentations on the history of, “Separate but Equal Civil Rights,” including Dred Scott v. Fontana High School Sanford, Jim Crow Laws, Plessy v. Ferguson, and Fontana High School has the following events and Brown v. Board of Education. Students will also activities scheduled throughout the month of February: have a presentation on the history of Hip-Hop and African American Inventors. ❖ ASB will read the daily bulletin to include quotes, ❖ Morning Announcements – Announcements will accomplishments, contributions noting the be read highlighting key figures and events in achievements of notable African Americans. African American History. ❖ The school librarian will gather and display books about influential African Americans to

encourage students to learn more about them to celebrate Black History month. In addition, they 16

will compile a list of additional resources and but also every region of the world, internet links to further students and staff’s throughout history." During their unit, knowledge of the impact they have made on our there will be a lesson that focuses society. addresses and focuses on those themes. ❖ Individual classrooms have different • In Government students will discuss the assignments on famous African Americans that 15th Amendment and lessons about the include essays, posters, projects, etc. Women’s Suffrage Movement and their fight for equality not only for women, but all races.

• In economics students will discuss the income gap among races in America and possible cause and effect which has led to African Americans being the least earning race in the US. Ethnic Studies will be focusing an entire unit on the African American experience in the U.S. including history and the current personal, economic, and political issues facing society.

Jurupa Hills High School • World history students will research 3 Jurupa Hills has a variety of different events occurring in African American women who worked the month of February. The library staff is in the process as engineers for NASA during the 1950s and beyond. Recently they became of creating small posters of African Americans in each of better known as the "Hidden Figures" the United States’ wars from the American Revolution to ladies who, among other things, helped the Global War on Terror. These posters will circle the U.S. astronaut John Glenn orbit the room, on the end caps of tall bookshelves, in earth during the Cold War-Mary Jackson, chronological order. Katherine Johnson, and Dorothy ❖ English Language Arts & ELD: Historical Vaughan. Students choose 1 of the 3 and Presentations will be a part of the upcoming report on her challenges and embedded assessment. The theme of the accomplishments at NASA by current unit of study is centered around the civil completing a 12x18 "Character Sensory rights movement. Map." This assignment is completed ❖ Math: Classes will be displaying poster of Black from the perspective of the historical mathematicians throughout the J Building with a figure. Facts incorporated/sentiments small write-up of each one’s contribution to expressed must begin in the following society. way: I see, I feel, or I hear (using 3 of the ❖ Social Studies: 5 senses). The assignment includes a hand-drawn image of the historical • World Geography will utilize political figure. cartoons and historical quotes (primary sources) to bring about class-wide • U.S. History will be discussing the discussion on the experience of Black- Harlem Hellfighters, civil rights leaders, Americans in the month of February. A. Philip Randolph and advances for This will highlight how race and blacks during this time, executive order socioeconomic status and conflicts for 8066 allowing equality in Federal jobs. equality are prevalent not just in the US The unit on World War ll will be covered 17

and will incorporate “minorities in the ▪ Identify the individual’s cultural service”. and political impact in history ▪ Creation of a class memory • Other classes will be sharing on the book military discrimination and the success ❖ World History th of the Tuskegee Airman (99 Pursuit • Primary Source Lesson Squadron) ▪ Civil Disobedience ▪ Definition and ❖ World Language and ELD: Students will be examples of civil incorporating Black History Month by discussing disobedience African culture/heritage in the Americas. throughout history Students will then complete a Notable African ▪ Group base activity Americans Infographic project. ▪ Read and annotate ❖ Art: Students will be creating an American Flag “Outside the box, Civil inspired by an influential African American Disobedience person from the past or present ▪ Complete compare and contrast chart ▪ Dr. Martin Henry J. Kaiser High School Luther King Jr. vs. Mahatma Henry J. Kaiser High School has a variety of different Gandhi activities for students, teachers, and parents occurring ❖ AP Human Geography: in the month of February. Henry J. Kaiser High School • Questions: has a variety of whole school activities planned to ▪ Describe the current include: distribution of African ❖ During morning announcements, Kaiser ASB will Americans in the United States. recite quotes from prominent/influential ▪ Discuss how interregional and African American leaders throughout history. intraregional migration has ❖ ASB will display prominent African American affected the distribution of leaders throughout the campus with a brief African Americans historical biography. ▪ Explain the impact of ❖ The Kaiser Cat News will interview staff and segregation laws upon African students are the importance of Black History Americans in the U.S. and month and telecast clips during Wednesday’s blacks in South Africa. morning announcements. ▪ Important vocabulary: ❖ Kaiser Administration will host our 3rd Annual ▪ U.S. Civil War/Post- Black History Month Celebration on February 24 World War I @ 6:00pm in our MPR for Kaiser and feeder ▪ Sharecropper school students and parents. It will be a fully ▪ Ghettos catered dinner, guest speakers and raffle prizes ▪ White flight As well as school wide activities, content and core ▪ Blockbusting subjects have the following activities planned: ▪ Jim Crow laws ❖ U.S. History: ▪ Apartheid • Primary Source Lessons: Creation of a ❖ CP/AP Government: Memory Book • AP government's lesson will center ▪ Historical figure in American around Dr. King's "Letter from a history Birmingham jail. ▪ Research relevant information We will: (print/image) of the selected individual and their role ▪ read the document historical role 18

▪ discuss the document in AB Miller High School historical perspective ▪ identify elements of American A.B. Miller promotes National Black History Month political culture Dr. King uses to through the implementation of subject specific activities makes his points within several departments. Activities by content areas ❖ World Language: Spanish are as follows: • In relation to our current themes (and ❖ US History: U.S. History will be covering the current events), students will be analyzing, investigating and presenting entire Black Civil Rights Movement through the on the following prompts: month of February. Specific culminating ▪ What did the Civil Rights presentations and projects will be completed by Movement of African the students. Americans in the South have to ❖ ASB will be sponsoring a Black History Month do with Mexican American door decorating contest. students in Los Angeles? ▪ How did the Civil Rights ❖ English classes will be conducting a Black History Movement of Martin Luther Month essay contest for all students. King, Jr. compare to that of Cesar E. Chavez? Summit High School ▪ After watching PBS segment on Throughout the month of February, ASB will showcase the plight of Blacks in Latin Black History Trivia on the morning announcements. The America (Henry Louis Gates) school will be holding a school-wide writing & art ▪ Think Pair Share contest. All students may submit writing piece or ▪ Connection to modern day in USA artwork which celebrates Black History Month. The ❖ Science: All sciences Do It Now Activities (DNA) school librarian will be displaying selected books and to focus on African American Scientists: poster on the lives and accomplishments of famous • George Washington Carver African Americans in History. The Black Student Union • Percy Lavon Julian will be hosting a multiple lunchtime activity. • Mae Jemison • Katherine Johnson • Marie Maynard Adult Education • Neil deGrasse • Roger Arliner Young Teachers and students at the Fontana Adult School have • Lloyd Hall the following activities and events planned: • W.E.B. Du Bois ❖ • Walter McAfee Pictures of prominent Black leaders will be on ❖ VAPA: display around 2 central areas of the school. ❖ • Jazz Band will play at 3rd Annual Black School-wide writing contest related to African History Month Celebration Americans who have had an impact. ❖ • Art classes will team to create artwork Teachers will do their own activities tied to Black for the 3rd Annual Black History Month History month in their classrooms ❖ Celebration The school will send a message via email and phone call to all our students about Black history • Host Kaiser High Paint Night, February month and why it's important to learn about 4th @ 5:00 pm African Americans and the vote ❖ A large gallery in the MPR over a course of 2 days ▪ Paint 2-dimensional images will be available for teachers to bring their onto canvas based on historical students to see displays on contributions made images, symbols or characters by African Americans in relation to sports, in Black American history sciences, education, music, food, etc.

19

20

District Resources Twitter Facts to Share Out rockets, and has earned more than 40 patents for his work. ❖ The Real McCoy: Summertime fun in the ❖ Music, please. Kids love music. What better way sprinkler. The next time you are running through to teach Black history than by introducing some the sprinkler, remember that it was invented by of the great African-American music legends? Elijah McCoy (1843-1929). Ever heard the Louis “Satchmo” Armstrong (1900-1971) was expression “the real McCoy”? It comes from one of the most influential artists of all time. He another invention by McCoy that allowed trains transformed jazz into an art form, and his and other machines to be lubricated while trumpet style is still imitated today. His two running. When many imitations showed up, international hits, “Hello Dolly” and “What a people insisted on the real McCoy. Wonderful World,” are still often heard today. ❖ Love Peanut Butter? Peanut Butter was ❖ Jackie Robinson. Tell your baseball buffs about invented by a Black man, George Washington Jackie Robinson (1919-1972), the first Black Carver (1864-1943), who discovered 400 uses for player in Major League Baseball. Robinson did peanuts, soybeans, sweet potatoes, and pecans. not have it easy, often getting bottles and insults In the process, he transformed lunchtime hurled his way, but he became Rookie of the sandwiches forever. Yum! Year, and in his second season, League MVP. I ❖ Red light, green light. The next time you are just read my children the book, Promises to waiting at a red light, tell the kiddies it was Keep, How Jackie Robinson Changed America, invented by Garrett Morgan (1877-1963). written by his daughter, Sharon Robinson. Morgan’s other invention, the gas mask, also ❖ Take it to the moon. John Christian was working saves lives. Many soldiers survived the First as an Air Force, Materials Research, Engineer, World War thanks to the gas mask, which when he invented and patented new lubricants, prevented deadly mustard gas from entering used in highflying aircraft and NASA space their lungs. missions. The lubricants worked well under a ❖ A lifesaving discovery. While researching blood wider temperature range than previous transfusions, Dr. Charles Richard Drew (1904- products, from minus 50 to 600 degrees. They 1950) realized that blood, like other liquids, were used in the helicopter fuel lines, could be preserved. His method, now known as astronaut’s backpack life support systems, and in blood banking, revolutionized medicine and the four-wheel drive of the “moon-buggy.” changed the way doctors work in remote areas ❖ A woman called Moses? You bet. Harriet or during times of war. Dr. Drew went on to form Tubman (1820-1913) was born a slave but later the Red Cross Blood Bank. escaped to Philadelphia, only to return to ❖ Black History inside your TV. And maybe your Maryland to rescue her family. But she did not grandma. There is a lot of Black history inside stop there. She earned the name Moses because your television. Otis Boykin (1920-1982) created she risked her life traveling at night helping over 28 different electronic devices, including hundreds of Southern slaves escape to the north electrical resistors that are used in home and Canada through a network of safe people computers, television sets, radios, and guided and safe houses called the Underground missiles. He also invented the pacemaker. Railroad. ❖ The World-Famous Super Soaker. Sure, he is an ❖ From mischievous kid to the Supreme Court. aerospace engineer, but Lonnie G. Johnson (born Thurgood Marshall (1908-1993) is a must-know 1949) is best known for creating the world- figure in Black history. He was the first African- famous Super Soaker water gun, which has American to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court. earned more than $200 million in sales. Perhaps But as a kid, he was mischievous, and was once you have contributed to that number every forced to write copies of the Constitution as summer. When he is not adding to summertime punishment for his misbehavior. He later said fun, Johnson spends most of his time inventing that punishment piqued his interest in the mechanical and electrical systems for NASA Constitution (are you thinking what I am 21

thinking???). As a young adult, he applied to his birthdays of Frederick Douglass and Abraham hometown law school at the University of Lincoln. Maryland but was denied entrance because of being Black. He later sued the school and won. Important Dates to Share Out in February And before he became a judge, he was a February 1 successful attorney who, most famously, won ❖ 1920 b. - Langston Hughes, World renowned the landmark Brown vs. Board of Education case, Harlem Renaissance writer which ended school segregation. ❖ 1929 - Roland Hayes, Acclaimed tenor ❖ The Rockettes should thank him. Black performed at Florida A&M College (FAMC) inventor, David Crosthwait holds 39 patents for ❖ 1960 - Greensboro, NC, first "Sit-in" protest heating systems and temperature regulating initiated by four North Carolina A&T students devices. He is most well-known for creating the ❖ 1865 – The 13th Amendment to the U.S. heating system for New York City’s famous Radio Constitution, which abolished slavery, was City Music Hall. Kick it up for that! adopted by the 38th Congress. ❖ White House: In 2009, Barack Obama became February 2 the first African-American president in U.S. ❖ 1776 - General George Washington, answered history. He occupied the White House for two letter from famous Negro poetess Phillis consecutive terms, serving from 2009 to 2017. Wheatley, who wrote a tributary poem to him ❖ Into Space: In 1992, Dr. Mae Jemison became ❖ 1862 - District of Columbia abolishes slavery the first African American woman to go into ❖ 1914 - Ernest Just, genetic biologist, wins the space aboard the space shuttle Endeavor. During Spingarn Medal. He received this same medal on her eight-day mission, she worked with U.S. and this day in 1915 for his pioneering in cell division Japanese researchers, and was a co-investigator and fertilization. on a bone cell experiment. February 3 ❖ Oscar Winner: In 1940, Hattie McDaniel was the ❖ 1903 - Jack Johnson, Boxing pioneer became the first African-American performer to win an first heavyweight champion Academy Award—the film industry’s highest ❖ 1920 - Negro Baseball League, Founded honor—for her portrayal of a loyal slave ❖ 1965 - Geraldine McCullough, sculptor, wins the governess in Gone with the Wind. He occupied Widener Gold Medal Award. the White House for two consecutive terms, February 4 serving from 2009 to 2017. ❖ 1913 b. - Rosa Parks, Mother of the Civil Rights ❖ Self-Made Millionaire: Madame C.J. Walker was Movement born on a cotton plantation in Louisiana and ❖ 1947 - Dr. Charles Drew, internationally famous became wealthy after inventing a line of African- Negro surgeon, served as chief consultant for the American hair care products. She established Annual FAMC Medical and Dental Clinics Madame C.J. Walker Laboratories and was also ❖ 1996 - J. C. Watts becomes the first Black known for her philanthropy and was also known selected to respond to a State of the Union for her philanthropy. He occupied the White Address. House for two consecutive terms, serving from February 5 2009 to 2017. ❖ 1934 b. Hank Aaron, Baseball sensation and ❖ Heavyweight Champ: Jack Johnson became the home run king (755 career home runs), known as first African-American man to hold the World "Hammering Hank" Heavyweight Champion boxing title in 1908. He ❖ 1964 - 24th Amendment, Eliminated the poll tax held onto the belt until 1915. in federal elections ❖ Black History Month: The celebration of Black February 6 History Month began as “Negro History Week,” ❖ 1867 - Peabody Fund, established to support which was created in 1926 by Carter G. African American education in the South Woodson, a noted African American historian, ❖ 1993 d. - Arthur Ashe, Tennis player, activist, scholar, educator, and publisher. It became a humanitarian month-long celebration in 1976. The month of February was chosen to coincide with the 22

❖ 1867 - Robert Tanner Jackson becomes first February 14 African American to receive a degree in ❖ 1817 b. - Frederick Douglass, World renowned dentistry. abolitionist, statesman and orator February 7 ❖ 1914 - John Hope, President of Morehouse ❖ 1923-1979 d. - Gwendolyn Cherry, FAMU College, lectured at FAMU alumna, lawyer, author, educator, and first ❖ 1949 - John Hope Franklin, Famous historian and African-American woman to serve in the Florida author spoke at Lee Hall at 10 am as a part of House of Representatives Lyceum Series ❖ 1951 - FAMU Hospital, officially dedicated February 15 February 8 ❖ 1820-1906 b. - Susan B. Anthony, Abolitionist ❖ 1863 - 54th Massachusetts Regiment, Organized and leader of the women's suffrage movement, ❖ 1986 - Oprah Winfrey, Became the first African among the first white Americans advocating American woman to host a nationally syndicated Negro suffrage after the Civil War television talk show ❖ 1935 - FAMC Federal Credit Union, Founded February 9 ❖ 1957 - Southern Leadership Conference (SCLC), ❖ 1906 d. - Paul Lawrence Dunbar, One of Founded America's greatest poets ❖ 1968 - Henry Lewis becomes the first black to ❖ 1944 b. - Alice Walker, Author of prize-winning lead a symphony orchestra in the United States. novel The Color Purple ❖ 1995 – Bernard Harris Jr. becomes first African February 16 American to walk in space. ❖ 1897 - P. Walker, Negro inventor patents February 10 machine for cleaning seeds from cotton ❖ 1927 b. - Leontyne Price, Internationally famous ❖ 1940 - Augusta Savage, Famous African- opera singer American sculptor ❖ 1989 - Ronald H. Brown, Elected chairperson of February 17 the Democratic National Committee ❖ 1942-1989 b. - Huey P. Newton, Co-founder of February 11 the Black Panther Party ❖ 1920 b. - General Daniel "Chappie" James, ❖ 1963 b. Michael Jordan, NBA superstar, sports Pensacola, Florida native, first African-American icon and one of the greatest athletes to ever play four star general and at one time the highest the game of basketball ranking African-American officer in the U.S. February 18 military ❖ 1688 - Quakers in Germantown, PA, Staged the ❖ 1990- Nelson Mandela, released from a South first formal protest against slavery in Colonial African prison after serving twenty-seven years America February 12 ❖ 1931 b. - Toni Morrison, first black woman to win ❖ 1809 b. - Abraham Lincoln, "The Great Nobel Prize in Literature Emancipator" and the 16th President of the ❖ 1947 - Dr. William E. B. DuBois, Author, historian United States and sociologist, spoke at FAMC during a special ❖ 1909 - National Association for the Advancement on-campus lecture series of Colored People (NAACP), Founded in New February 19 York ❖ 1887-1983 d. - John Matheus, FAMC faculty February 13 member and administrator, author, educator, ❖ 1926 - Negro History Week, Initial celebration scholar and member of the Harlem Renaissance started by noted historian and author Dr. Carter ❖ 1992 - Boyz N the Hood director John Singleton G. Woodson, "The Father of Black History" becomes first black director to be nominated for ❖ 1960 - Beginning of FAMU Student Sit-Ins, first an Academy Award sit-in protests held in Florida. Initiated by FAMU February 20 and local high school students and other ❖ 1895 d. - Frederick Douglass, Editor of the community members abolitionist paper, The North Star ❖ 1970 - The New York Stock Exchange admits its ❖ 1960 - Tallahassee, FL, first "Jail-in" protest first black member, Joseph Searles. initiated by eight FAMU students who were 23

arrested for boycotting segregated businesses in Before there was Rosa Parks, there was Claudette downtown Tallahassee Colvin. February 21 ❖ 1965 d. - Malcolm X, Revered African-American Most people think of Rosa Parks as the first person to leader assassinated in New York. Founder of the refuse to give up their seat on a bus in Montgomery, Organization of African-American Unity February 22 Alabama. There were actually several women who came ❖ 1819 - Adam-onis Treaty, signed as a result of before her; one of whom was Claudette Colvin. Andrew Jackson's invasion of East Florida in his campaign against the Seminole Indians, who It was March 2, 1955, when the fifteen-year-old student were close allies with runaway slaves refused to move to the back of the bus, nine February 23 months before Rosa Parks’ stand that launched the ❖ 1868 b. - W.E.B. Dubois, Famous African- Montgomery bus boycott. Claudette had been studying American educator, editor, philosopher and civil liberties leader Black leaders like Harriet Tubman in her segregated February 24 school, those conversations had led to discussions ❖ 1811 b. - Daniel A. Payne, Reformer, Bishop of around the current day Jim Crow laws they were all the African Methodist Episcopal Church and first experiencing. When the bus driver ordered Claudette to president of Wilberforce University ❖ 1864 - Rebecca Lee became the first black get up, she refused, “It felt like Sojourner Truth was on woman to receive an M.D. degree. one side pushing me down, and Harriet Tubman was on February 25 the other side of me pushing me down. I couldn't get up." ❖ 1870 - Hiram Revels, took oath of office becoming the first African-American U.S. Claudette Colvin’s stand did Senator not stop there. Arrested and ❖ 1948 - Martin Luther King was ordained as a thrown in jail, she was one of Baptist minister. four women who challenged

February 26 the segregation law in court. ❖ 1869 - 15th Amendment, which gave African- If Browder v. Gayle became American males suffrage, proposed in Congress the court case that ❖ 1928 b. Fats Domino, Rock and roll superstar successfully overturned bus ❖ 1930 - The Green Pastures, A pioneering play with an all-black cast, opened in New York City segregation laws in both and ran continuously for 16 months Montgomery and Alabama, February 27 why has Claudette’s story been largely forgotten? At the ❖ 1897-1993 b. Marian Anderson, World famous time, the NAACP and other Black organizations felt Rosa African-American singer ❖ 1988 - Debi Thomas, Became the first African- Parks made a better icon for the movement than a American to win a medal in the Winter Olympics teenager did. As an adult with the right look, Rosa Parks (figure skating) was also the secretary of the NAACP, and was both well- February 28 known and respected – people would associate her with ❖ 1984 - Michael Jackson, Musical genius the middle class and that would attract support for the international entertainment icon, and "King of Pop" won eight Grammy Awards cause. But the struggle to end segregation was often fought by young people, more than half of which were Little Known Facts women. Taken From: http://www.pbs.org/black- culture/explore/10-black-history-little-known- facts/#.WnSJWqinG70 24

Martin Luther King Jr. improvised the most iconic part Inoculation was introduced to America by a slave. of his “I Have a Dream Speech.” Few details are known about the birth of Onesimus, but it is assumed he was born in Africa in the late seventeenth century before eventually landing in Boston. One of a thousand people of African descent living in the

Massachusetts colony, Onesimus was a gift to the On Wednesday, August 28, 1963, 250,000 Americans Puritan church minister Cotton Mather from his united at the Lincoln Memorial for the final speech of the congregation in 1706. March on Washington. As Martin Luther King Jr. stood at the podium, he eventually pushed his notes aside. Onesimus told Mather about the centuries old tradition of inoculation practiced in Africa. By extracting the The night before the march, Dr. King began working on material from an infected person and scratching it into his speech with a small group of advisers in the lobby of the skin of an uninfected person, you could deliberately the Willard Hotel. The original speech was more political introduce smallpox to the healthy individual making and less historic, according to Clarence B. Jones, and it them immune. Considered extremely dangerous at the did not include any reference to dreams. After delivering time, Cotton Mather convinced Dr. Zabdiel Boylston to the now famous line, “we are not satisfied, and we will experiment with the procedure when a smallpox not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and epidemic hit Boston in 1721 and over 240 people were righteousness like a mighty stream,” Dr. King inoculated. Opposed politically, religiously and medically transformed his speech into a sermon. in the United States and abroad, public reaction to the Onstage near Dr. King, singer Mahalia Jackson reportedly experiment put Mather and Boylston’s lives in danger kept saying, “Tell ‘em about the dream, Martin,” and despite records indicating that only 2% of patients while no one will know if he heard her, it could likely have requesting inoculation died compared to the 15% of been the inspiration he needed. Dr. King then continued, people not inoculated who contracted smallpox. “Even though we face the difficulties of today and Onesimus’ traditional African practice was used to tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply inoculate American soldiers during the Revolutionary rooted in the American dream….” And then the famous War and introduced the concept of inoculation to the Baptist preacher preached on, adding repetition and United States. outlining the specifics of his dream. And while this improvised speech given on that hot August day in 1963 was not considered a universal success immediately, it is now recognized as one of the greatest speeches in American history. For more information on the 1963 March on Washington, visit pbs.org/marchonwashington.

Image: National Archives and Records Administration 25

The earliest recorded protest against slavery was by the In the late 15th century, the Quakers in 1688. advancement of seafaring technologies created a new Quakers, also known as “The Society of Friends,” have a Atlantic that would change the long history of abolition. But it was four Pennsylvania world forever. As ships began Friends from Germantown who wrote the initial protest connecting West Africa with in the 17th century. They saw the slave trade as a grave Europe and the Americas, new injustice against their fellow man and used the Golden fortunes were sought, and native Rule to argue against such inhumane treatment; populations were decimated. With the native labor force regardless of skin color, “we should do unto others as we dwindling and demand for plantation and mining labor would have done onto ourselves.” In their protest they growing, the transatlantic slave trade began. stated, "Pray, what thing in the world can be done worse towards us, then if men should rob or steal us away, & The Transatlantic Slave Trade was underway from 1500- sell us for slaves to strange Countries, separating 1866, shipping more than 12 million African slaves across husband from their wife and children….” the world. Of those slaves, only 10.7 million survived the dreaded Middle Passage. Over 400 years, the majority of Their protest against slavery and human trafficking was slaves (4.9 million) found their way to Brazil where they presented at a “Monthly Meeting at Dublin” in suffered incredibly high mortality rates due to terrible Philadelphia. The Dublin Monthly Meeting reviewed the working conditions. Brazil was also the last country to protest but sent it to the Quarterly Meeting, feeling it to ban slavery in 1888. be too serious an issue for their own meeting to decide. The four Friends continued their efforts and presented at By the time the United States became involved in the the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, but it was not until 88 slave trade, it had been underway for two hundred years. years later that the Society of Friends officially The majority of its 388,000 slaves arrived between 1700 denounced slavery. and 1866, representing a much smaller percentage than most Americans realize. Over the centuries, this rare document has been considered lost twice. Most recently it was rediscovered Image: African Renaissance Monument, Senegal in 2005 and is now at Haverford College Special The diverse history of Historically Black Colleges and Collections. Universities. Photo: 1688 Germantown Quaker Petition against While Jewish and Slavery African American Of the 12.5 million Africans shipped to the New World communities have a during the Transatlantic Slave Trade, fewer than tumultuous shared 388,000 arrived in the United States. history when it comes to the pursuit of civil rights, there is a chapter that is often overlooked. In the 1930s when Jewish academics from Germany and Austria were dismissed from their teaching positions, many came to the United States looking for jobs. Due to the Depression, xenophobia and rising anti-Semitism,

26 many found it difficult to find work, but more than 50 weather, rattlesnakes, and outlaws while they slept found positions at HBCUs in the segregated South. under the stars driving cattle herds to market.

Originally established to educate freed slaves to read and While there was little formal segregation in frontier write, the first of the Historically Black Colleges and towns and a great deal of personal freedom, Black Universities was Cheyney University in Pennsylvania, cowboys were often expected to do more of the work established in 1837. By the time Jewish professors and the roughest jobs compared to their white arrived, the number of HBCUs had grown to 78. At a time counterparts. Loyalty did develop between the cowboys when both Jews and African Americans were persecuted, on a drive, but the Black cowboys were typically Jewish professors in the Black colleges found the responsible for breaking the horses and being the first environment comfortable and accepting, often creating ones to cross-flooded streams during cattle drives. In special programs to provide opportunities to engage fact, it is believed that the term “cowboy” originated as Blacks and whites in meaningful conversation, often for a derogatory term used to describe Black “cowhands.” the first time. Image: Bass Reeves, The first African-American US In the years that followed, the interests of Jewish and Deputy Marshal African American communities increasingly diverged, but Esther Jones was the real Betty Boop! this once-shared experience of discrimination and interracial cooperation remains a key part of the Civil The iconic cartoon character Betty Rights Movement. Boop was inspired by a Black jazz singer in Harlem. Introduced by Image: Melrose Cottage, built in 1805, Cheyney cartoonist Max Fleischer in 1930, University of Pennsylvania. the caricature of the jazz age One in four cowboys was Black, despite the stories told flapper was the first and most in popular books and movies. famous sex symbol in animation. Betty Boop is best known for her In fact, it is believed that the real “Lone revealing dress, curvaceous figure, and signature vocals Ranger” was inspired by an African “Boop Oop A Doop!” While there has been controversy American man named Bass Reeves. over the years, the inspiration has been traced back to Reeves had been born a slave but Esther Jones who was known as “Baby Esther” and escaped West during the Civil War performed regularly in the Cotton Club during the 1920s. where he lived in what was then known as Indian Territory. He eventually Baby Esther’s trademark vocal style of using “boops” and became a Deputy U.S. Marshal, was a other childlike scat sounds attracted the attention of master of disguise, an expert marksman, had a Native actress Helen Kane during a performance in the late American companion, and rode a silver horse. His story 1920s. After seeing Baby Esther, Helen Kane adopted her was not unique, however. style and began using “boops” in her songs as well. Finding fame early on, Helen Kane often included this In the 19th century, the Wild West drew enslaved Blacks “baby style” into her music. When Betty Boop was with the hope of freedom and wages. When the Civil War introduced, Kane promptly sued Fleischer and ended, freedmen came West with the hope of a better Paramount Publix Corporation stating they were using life where the demand for skilled labor was high. These her image and style. However, video evidence came to African Americans made up at least a quarter of the light of Baby Esther performing in a nightclub and the legendary cowboys who lived dangerous lives facing 27 courts ruled against Helen Kane stating she did not have completely sense the size of her contribution to the exclusive rights to the “booping” style or image, and that achievements of the race as such." the style, in fact, pre-dated her. Image: Bessie Coleman and her plane in 1922, Monash Baby Esther’s “baby style” did little to bring her University mainstream fame and she died in relative obscurity but Interracial marriage in the United Sates was banned in a piece of her lives on in the iconic character Betty Boop. 1664 and not overturned until 1967. Image: Esther Jones ("Baby Esther"), late 1920s by James During the seventeenth and VanDerZee early eighteenth century, the The first licensed African American Female pilot was growing number of interracial named Bessie Coleman. marriages (also known as miscegenation) between Born in Atlanta, Texas in Blacks and whites led to the passage of this new law. The 1892, Bessie Coleman first anti-miscegenation law enacted was in the colony of grew up in a world of Maryland in 1664 and additional colonies quickly harsh poverty, followed suit. These marriages were prohibited, and discrimination and penalties included the enslavement, exile or segregation. She moved to imprisonment of the white perpetrators. These laws Chicago at 23 to seek her fortune but found little grew and evolved over the years and attempts were even opportunity there as well. Wild tales of flying exploits made to modify the Constitution to ban interracial from returning WWI soldiers first inspired her to explore marriage in all states. aviation, but she faced a double stigma in that dream being both African American and a woman. It would take three hundred years for this law to be overturned. In 1967, Richard Loving, a white man, and She set her sights on France in order to reach her dreams Mildred Jeter, a Black woman, were married in the and began studying French. In 1920, Coleman crossed District of Columbia. When they returned home to the ocean with all of her savings and the financial support Virginia, they were arrested and convicted of violating of Robert Abbott, one of the first African American the state’s anti-miscegenation law. They each faced a millionaires. Over the next seven months, she learned to year in jail and their case went to the Supreme Court. fly and in June of 1921, the Fédération Aéronautique The Supreme Court found in favor of the Lovings in the Internationale awarded her an international pilot's famous trial Loving v. Virginia. They ruled that license. Wildly celebrated upon her return to the United prohibiting interracial marriage on state and local levels States, reporters turned out in droves to greet her. was unconstitutional; this meant that marriages Coleman performed at numerous airshows over the next between the races were legal in the country for the first five years, performing heart-thrilling stunts, encouraging time since 1664. other African Americans to pursue flying, and refusing to In 2000, Alabama became the last state to officially perform where Blacks were not admitted. When she legalize interracial marriage by removing the tragically died in a plane accident in 1926, famous writer unenforceable ban that was still contained in their state and equal rights advocate Ida B. Wells presided over her constitution. Read more famous cases about interracial funeral. An editorial in the "Dallas Express" stated, relationships that changed history. "There is reason to believe that the general public did not

28