York County Statistical Profile York County Population, 1790-2000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10 , 0 0 0 0 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 A Summary of Demographic and Economic Data Prepared by the York County Planning Division March 2009 Table of Contents Introduction Page 1 Census Tract Map Page 2 Population Page 3 Age, Sex, and Race Page 5 Households and Families Page 7 Labor Force and Unemployment Page 8 Income Page 10 Housing Page 12 School Enrollment Page 14 Economic Development Page 15 Employment and Wages Page 16 Taxable Sales Page 18 Appendix – Miscellaneous Statistical Tables Page 20 Introduction Covering approximately 106 square miles, York County is located in the Virginia Coastal Plain on the peninsula formed by the James and York Rivers and the Chesapeake Bay. The County is surrounded by James City County, the Cities of Williamsburg, Newport News, Hampton, and Poquoson, and the York River. This area is known as the Virginia Peninsula and is part of the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News VA NC Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Federal landholdings constitute over one-third of the land in the County. These include the Colonial National Historical Park (the Yorktown Battlefield and the Colonial Parkway), the Naval Weapons Station Yorktown, Cheatham Annex, Camp Peary, the U.S. Coast Guard Training Center, The Landings at Langley housing complex for Langley Air Force Base (formerly Bethel Manor), and the Big Bethel Reservoir, which is also partly in the City of Hampton. The Census Bureau divides York County into census tracts for the purposes of data collection and reporting. The boundaries of census tracts change over time; as tracts grow and reach certain established population thresholds, they are divided into smaller tracts. The County had ten census tracts in the 1980 and 1990 Censuses, and only seven in the 1970 Census. It is therefore not possible, in many cases, to make direct comparisons of census tract data over time. The current census tract boundaries are shown on the map on Page 4. That part of the County lying north of Old Williamsburg Road (Route 238) includes the three northernmost tracts (506, 507, and 508) and is generally referred to as the upper County, which, exclusive of the Naval Weapons Station, also is often referred to as the "Bruton District." Census Tract 508 is largely comprised of the sparsely developed Skimino, Lightfoot, and Waller Mill areas, while Tract 507, where public utilities are more widely available, includes more densely developed neighborhoods. Census Tract 506 consists almost entirely of federal property, including Camp Peary, Cheatham Annex, and the Yorktown Naval Weapons Station. In terms of employment, shopping, and certain public services, the upper County tends to be more closely associated with the Williamsburg area than with the rest of York County, from which it is separated by the vast expanse of federal property. There are several areas and communities in the lower County that have no defined legal boundaries but whose general location is commonly known to and recognized by the citizens. The best known of these is historic Yorktown, which is the County seat and is located in Census Tract 505, as is the Lackey community, located along Old Williamsburg Road across from the Naval Weapons Station. Grafton, which is generally bounded by Goodwin Neck Road, Chisman Creek, Oriana Road, and the Poquoson River, includes Census Tracts 503.03, 503.04, and a portion of Tract 503.01. That portion of the County located south of the Poquoson River and Harwoods Mill Reservoir is considered Tabb, which includes Tracts 502.03, 502.04, 502.05, 502.06, and the southern portion of Tract 503.01. This area contains Langley Air Force Base's “Landings at Langley” (formerly Bethel Manor) housing complex (in Census Tract 502.04) which houses almost 5,000 residents. Other communities in the lower County include Seaford (Tract 504.02), Dandy (in Tract 504.01), and Dare (in Tract 503.04). Page 1 Mathews James City Gloucester 508 Bruton Williamsburg 507 506 York James City Yorktown Lackey 505 504.01 Dandy Seaford 504.02 503.04 503.03 Dare 503.01 Poquoson 502.05 Newport News Tabb 502.06 Surry 502.03 µ 502.04 Hampton Isle of Wight York County Census Tracts 0 13,880 27,760 41,640 Image Copyright 2007. Commonwealth of Virginia. Feet Page 2 Population York County is home to approximately 64,900 Table 2: Population, 2000-2008, people and, according to the Weldon Cooper Selected Jurisdictions Center for Public Service at the University of Jurisdiction 2000 2008 Virginia, ranks 18th in population among Hampton 146,437 144,204 th Virginia's 95 counties and 29 among the 134 James City Co. 48,102 62,237 1 counties and cities. In land area, however, York Newport News 180,697 180,978 is the third smallest county in the state, making it Poquoson 11,566 11,818 the sixth most densely populated county. With a Williamsburg 11,998 13,273 14.6 percent increase in population from 2000 to York County 56,297 64,526 2008 (1.72 percent per year, on average), York Peninsula Total 453,097 477,036 County has the fourth-highest percentage VA Beach MSA 1,558,727 1,626,767 population growth in the Virginia Beach-Norfolk- Virginia 7,079,030 7,769,775 Newport News MSA and the second-highest on Sources: U.S. Census Bureau and Weldon the Peninsula (behind James City County, which Cooper Center for Public Service grew by 29.6 percent). The total population of the Peninsula grew by 5.3 percent between 2000 and 2008, while the Virginia Beach metropolitan area Population Growth, 2000-08 and the Commonwealth of Virginia grew by 4.4 and 9.7 percent respectively. James City Co. York Co. Table 1: York County Population, 1900-2009 Williamsburg Year Residents Virginia 1900 7,482 1910 7,757 Peninsula 1920 8,046 MSA 1930 7,615 1940 8,857 Poquoson 1950 11,750 Newport News 1960 17,305 1970 27,762 Hampton 1980 35,463 -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 1990 42,434 2000 56,297 2009 64,900 Sources: U.S. Census Bureau Almost three-quarters of the County's population and York County Planning growth since the year 2000 has been fueled by net Division (2009 estimate) migration – the difference between the number of people moving into the community and the number moving out – while net natural increase – 1 births minus deaths – accounts for the remaining Population figures for York County come from a 26 percent, adding slightly over 2,000 residents. number of sources. The County’s population is counted every ten years when the federal government conducts Over the past ten years there were, on average, the national Census of Population and Housing. While 600 resident births and 332 resident deaths per the Census Bureau also prepares population estimates year in the County, resulting in an average net between census years, the Commonwealth’s official natural increase of 268 residents per year. Net population estimates are produced by the Weldon natural increase has declined through most of the Cooper Center for Public Service at the University of decade as a result of generally falling birth rates Virginia, which annually produces population and a slightly rising death rate. estimates for every city, county, and town in Virginia. The most current population estimates for the County are produced by the York County Planning Division every six months for budgeting purposes. Page 3 Table 3: York County Resident Table 4: Upper and Lower Births and Deaths, 1998-2007 York County Population, 1980 – 2009 Year Births Deaths Net 1980 1990 2000 2009 Natural Upper 8,602 8,593 9,663 11,800 Increase Lower 26,861 33,829 46,634 53,100 1998 547 309 238 TOTAL 35,463 42,422 56,297 64,900 1999 654 279 375 Sources: U.S. Census Bureau and York County 2000 719 359 360 Planning Division (2009 estimates) 2001 628 320 308 2002 590 325 265 2003 579 346 233 Upper & Lower County Population 2004 578 343 235 2005 546 331 215 70,000 Upper County 2006 541 351 190 60,000 Lower County 2007 613 355 258 TOTAL 5,995 3,318 2,677 50,000 Source: Virginia Department of Health 40,000 30,000 York County Births and Deaths 20,000 800 10,000 700 0 600 1980 1990 2000 2009 500 400 300 Table 5: York County Population 200 Births Density by Census Tract, 2000 100 Deaths Census 2000 Land Persons per Tract Population Area Square Mile 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 (Sq. Mi.) 502.03 4,848 1.8 2,693 502.04 6,819 0.9 7,577 York County's population is highly concentrated 502.05 4,340 3.5 1,240 in the lower County, which represents less than 502.06 5,062 2.9 1,746 half (48.2 percent) of the County's land area but is 503.01 6,663 12.1 551 home to 82 percent of its residents. Almost 60 503.03 5,366 2.8 1,916 percent of the land in the upper County is federal 503.04 4,525 4.5 1,006 property that is largely uninhabited (Naval 504.01 3,113 6.6 472 Weapons Station Yorktown and Camp Peary, both located in Census Tract 506) and helps to keep the 504.02 3,432 5.5 624 overall population density low.