Some Approaches to the Analysis and Visualization of the Internet Movie Database

Vladimir Batagelj and Andrej Mrvar University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Adel Ahmed, Xiaoyan Fu, Seok-Hee Hong and Damian Merrick National ICT Australia, Sydney, Australia September 8, 2005

The source of the original data is the Internet Movie Database. We transformed the contest data into a Pajek temporal network with some additional vec- tors and partitions describing the properties of vertices. imdb.net - imdb network in Pajek format imdbL.net - imdb network with long names imdb.clu - type partition of vertices imdb.nam - long names imdb.vec - year large.net - largest weak component with long names large.vec - years for large largeT.clu - type partition for large largeB.clu - bipartition for large

The file imdb.clu contains the following classes: 0 Actor 11 Crime 1 Drama 12 Sci-Fi 2 Short 13 Horror 3 Documentary 14 War 4 Comedy 15 Fantasy 5 Western 16 Romance 6 Family 17 Adventure 7 Mystery 18 Animation 8 Thriller 19 Action 9 Adult 20 Musical 10 Music 21 Film-Noir 99 Unknown The Pajek data files are available at Pajek ’s data sets page.

1 Basic characteristics of IMDB

The IMDB network is bipartite (2-mode) and has 1324748 = 428440 + 896308 vertices and 3792390 arcs. 9927 of the arcs in the network are multiple (parallel) arcs. Here is their distribution. multiplicity frequency ------1 3775126 2 6178 3 588 4 267 5 128 6 66 7 45 8 18 9 23 10 6 11 5 12 3 13 2 15 1 16 1 17 2 22 1 32 1 35 1 43 1 ------

The nature of the appearance of multiple arcs can be seen from the Figure 1 where all arcs with multiplicity at least 8 are displayed. In the analyses that follow, we decided to treat multiple arcs as single. The IMDB network consists of 132714 weak components. Here is the distribution of their sizes. Size Freq Size Freq ------1 124829 21 9 2 3557 22 3 3 1526 23 6 4 922 24 4 5 615 25 5 6 424 26 2 7 219 27 1 8 139 28 1 9 107 29 1 10 80 31 4 11 67 32 1 12 43 33 1 13 28 35 1 14 31 37 2 15 15 40 1 16 19 42 1 17 10 45 2 18 16 50 1 19 12 58 1 20 6 73 1 21 9 1169725 1 ------

2 'Enquêtes du commissaire Maigret, Les' Popular Science Unusual Occupations

Richard, Jean (I) Whitman, Gayne Carpenter, Ken (I)

Hutton, Timothy Heinrichs, Dirk 'Nero Wolfe Mystery, A' Fox, Colin (I) Gawlich, Cathlen Dunn, Conrad 'Sitte, Die' Bhm, Iris Chaykin, Maury Boyd, Karin

Abatantuono, Diego Panczak, Hans Georg 'Commissario Corso, Il' Maggio, Rosalia ’Operation Phoenix - Jger zwischen denMartens, Welten’ Dirk (I) Jarczyk, Robert Pfohl, Lawrence Starrcade Bock, Alana Flair, Ric Borden, Steve (I) Eurovision Song Contest, The Kelehan, Noel Berry, Colin Rasmussen, Tommy (I) Olsen, Jørgen Dansk melodi grand prix Statsministerens nytrstale Schlter, Poul Heick, Keld Rasmussen, Poul Nyrup de Mylius, Jørgen Siggaard, Kirsten Cream of Comedy Sims, Tim Høeg, Jannie Leese, Lindsay

Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts, The Dronningens nytrstale

Cronkite, Walter Margrethe II Levesque, Paul Michael Jacobs, Glen Gunn, Billy (II) Hickenbottom, Michael Hart, Owen Royal Rumble Hart, Bret Summerslam Traylor, Raymond DiBiase, Ted Smith, Davey Boy Anoai, Solofatu Survivor Series Lawler, Jerry Ross, Jim (III) McMahon, Vince King of the Ring Eaton, Mark (II) Calaway, Mark

Figure 1: Arcs with multiplicity at least 8

Pajek

3 Identifying interesting parts of bipartite networks

There are few direct specialized methods for analyzing bipartite (2-mode) networks, especially large ones. Also, because of the size of the IMDB network, the standard reduction of the entire network to one or the other derived 1-mode network was not an option. The only special method available in Pajek was the adapted version of hubs and authorities, which did not produce very interesting results. We started to think about some new methods. Last August we developed and implemented in Pajek two new methods for analysis of bipartite networks:

• bipartite version of cores – (p, q)-cores

• 4-rings weights on lines

For details see Dagstuhl seminar 05361 / Batagelj.

(p, q)-cores

The subset of vertices C ⊆ V is a (p, q)-core in a bipartite (2-mode) network N = (V1,V2; L), V = V1 ∪ V2 iff

a. in the induced subnetwork K = (C1,C2; L(C)), C1 = C ∩ V1, C2 = C ∩ V2 it holds ∀v ∈ C1 : degK (v) ≥ p and ∀v ∈ C2 : degK (v) ≥ q ; b. C is the maximal subset of V satisfying condition a.

The basic properties of bipartite cores are:

• C(0, 0) = V

• K(p, q) is not always connected

• (p1 ≤ p2) ∧ (q1 ≤ q2) ⇒ C(p1, q1) ⊆ C(p2, q2) There exists a very efficient O(m) algorithm to determine (p, q)-cores. Since there are many (p, q)-cores, we must answer the question of how to select the interest- ing ones among them. To help the user in these decisions, we implemented in Pajek a Table of cores’ characteristics n1 = |C1(p, q)|, n2 = |C2(p, q)| and k – number of components in K(p, q). We look for (p, q)-cores where

• n1 + n2 ≤ selected threshold • big jumps from C(p − 1, q) and C(p, q − 1) to C(p, q).

We selected (247,2)-core, (27,22)-core and (2,516)-core. From the labels we can see that the corresponding topics are wrestling and pornography.

4 Table 1: (p, q : n1, n2) for IMDB

1 1590: 1590 1 | 22 24: 1854 1153 | 43 14: 29 83 2 516: 788 3 | 23 23: 47 56 | 44 14: 29 83 3 212: 1705 18 | 24 23: 34 39 | 45 13: 30 95 4 151: 4330 154 | 25 22: 42 53 | 46 13: 29 94 5 131: 4282 209 | 26 22: 31 38 | 47 12: 29 101 6 115: 3635 223 | 27 22: 31 38 | 48 12: 28 100 7 101: 3224 244 | 28 20: 36 53 | 49 12: 26 95 8 88: 2860 263 | 29 20: 35 52 | 50 11: 27 111 9 77: 3467 393 | 30 19: 35 59 | 51 11: 26 110 10 69: 3150 428 | 31 19: 35 59 | 52 11: 16 79 11 63: 2442 382 | 32 19: 34 57 | 53 10: 35 162 12 56: 2479 454 | 33 18: 34 62 | 54 10: 35 162 13 50: 3330 716 | 34 18: 34 62 | 55 10: 34 162 14 46: 2460 596 | 35 18: 33 61 | 56 10: 34 162 15 42: 2663 739 | 36 17: 33 65 | 57 9: 35 187 16 39: 2173 678 | 37 16: 33 75 | 58 9: 33 180 17 35: 2791 995 | 38 16: 30 73 | 59 9: 33 180 18 32: 2684 1080 | 39 16: 29 70 | 60 9: 32 178 19 30: 2395 1063 | 40 15: 29 77 | 61 9: 31 177 20 28: 2216 1087 | 41 15: 28 76 | 62 9: 31 177 21 26: 1988 1087 | 42 15: 28 76 | 63 8: 31 202

5 Zhukov, Boris (I) Wright, Charles (II) Wilson, Al (III) Wight, Paul Wickens, Brian White, Leon Warrior Warrington, Chaz Ware, David (II) Waltman, Sean Walker, P.J. von Erich, Kerry Vaziri, Kazrow Van Dam, Rob Valentine, Greg Vailahi, Sione Tunney, Jack Traylor, Raymond Tenta, John Taylor, Terry (IV) Taylor, Scott (IX) Tanaka, Pat Tajiri, Yoshihiro Szopinski, Terry Storm, Lance Steiner, Scott Steiner, Rick (I) Solis, Mercid Snow, Al Smith, Davey Boy Slaughter, Sgt. Simmons, Ron (I) Shinzaki, Kensuke Shamrock, Ken Senerca, Pete Scaggs, Charles Savage, Randy Saturn, Perry Sags, Jerry Ruth, Glen Runnels, Dustin Rude, Rick Rougeau, Raymond Rougeau Jr., Jacques Rotunda, Mike Ross, Jim (III) Rock, The Roberts, Jake (II) Rivera, Juan (II) Rhodes, Dusty (I) Reso, Jason Reiher, Jim Reed, Bruce (II) Race, Harley Prichard, Tom Powers, Jim (IV) Poffo, Lanny Plotcheck, Michael Piper, Roddy Pfohl, Lawrence Pettengill, Todd Peruzovic, Josip Palumbo, Chuck (I) Page, Dallas Ottman, Fred Orton, Randy Okerlund, Gene Nowinski, Chris Norris, Tony (I) Nord, John Neidhart, Jim Nash, Kevin (I) Muraco, Don Morris, Jim (VII) Morley, Sean Morgan, Matt (III) Mooney, Sean (I) Moody, William (I) Miller, Butch Mero, Marc McMahon, Vince McMahon, Shane Survivor Series Matthews, Darren (II) Martin, Andrew (II) Martel, Rick Marella, Robert Marella, Joseph A. Manna, Michael Lothario, Jose Long, Teddy LoMonaco, Mark Lockwood, Michael Levy, Scott (III) Levesque, Paul Michael Lesnar, Brock Leslie, Ed Leinhardt, Rodney Layfield, John Lawler, Jerry Lawler, Brian (II) Laurinaitis, Joe Laughlin, Tom (IV) Lauer, David (II) Knobs, Brian Knight, Dennis (II) Killings, Ron Kelly, Kevin (VIII) Keirn, Steve Jones, Michael (XVI) Johnson, Ken (X) Jericho, Chris Jarrett, Jeff (I) Jannetty, Marty James, Brian (II) Jacobs, Glen Jackson, Tiger Hyson, Matt Hughes, Devon Huffman, Booker Howard, Robert William Howard, Jamie Houston, Sam Horowitz, Barry Horn, Bobby Hollie, Dan Hogan, Hulk Hickenbottom, Michael Heyman, Paul Hernandez, Ray Henry, Mark (I) Hennig, Curt Helms, Shane Hegstrand, Michael Heenan, Bobby Hebner, Earl Hebner, Dave Heath, David (I) Hayes, Lord Alfred Hart, Stu Hart, Owen Hart, Jimmy (I) Hart, Bret Harris, Ron (IV) Harris, Don (VII) Harris, Brian (IX) Hardy, Matt Hardy, Jeff (I) Hall, Scott (I) Guttierrez, Oscar Gunn, Billy (II) Guerrero, Eddie Guerrero Jr., Chavo Gray, George (VI) Goldberg, Bill (I) Gill, Duane Gasparino, Peter Garea, Tony Funaki, Sho Fujiwara, Harry Frazier Jr., Nelson Foley, Mick Flair, Ric Finkel, Howard Fifita, Uliuli Fatu, Eddie Royal Rumble Farris, Roy Eudy, Sid Enos, Mike (I) Eaton, Mark (II) Eadie, Bill Duggan, Jim (II) Douglas, Shane DiBiase, Ted DeMott, William Davis, Danny (III) Darsow, Barry Cornette, James E. Copeland, Adam (I) Constantino, Rico Connor, A.C. Cole, Michael (V) Coage, Allen Coachman, Jonathan Clemont, Pierre Clarke, Bryan Chavis, Chris Centopani, Paul Cena, John (I) Canterbury, Mark Candido, Chris Calaway, Mark Bundy, King Kong Buchanan, Barry (II) Brunzell, Jim Brisco, Gerald Bresciano, Adolph Bloom, Wayne Bloom, Matt (I) Blood, Richard Blanchard, Tully Blair, Brian (I) Blackman, Steve (I) Bischoff, Eric Bigelow, Scott 'Bam Bam' Benoit, Chris (I) Batista, Dave Bass, Ron (II) Barnes, Roger (II) Backlund, Bob Austin, Steve (IV) Apollo, Phil Anoai, Solofatu Anoai, Sam Anoai, Rodney Anoai, Matt Anoai, Arthur Angle, Kurt André the Giant Anderson, Arn Albano, Lou Al-Kassi, Adnan Ahrndt, Jason Adams, Brian (VI) Young, Mae (I) Wright, Juanita Wilson, Torrie Vachon, Angelle Stratus, Trish Runnels, Terri Robin, Rockin' Psaltis, Dawn Marie Moretti, Lisa Moore, Jacqueline (VI) Moore, Carlene (II) Mero, Rena McMichael, Debra McMahon, Stephanie Martin, Judy (II) Martel, Sherri Laurer, Joanie Keibler, Stacy Kai, Leilani Hulette, Elizabeth Guenard, Nidia Garca, LiliÆn Ellison, Lillian Dumas, Amy

Figure 2: (247,2)-core

6 'WWF Smackdown!' Taylor, Scott (IX) Van Dam, Rob 'WWE Velocity' Matthews, Darren (II) 'Sunday Night Heat' LoMonaco, Mark 'Raw Is War' Hughes, Devon WWF Vengeance Huffman, Booker WWF Unforgiven Heyman, Paul Hebner, Earl WWF Rebellion McMahon, Stephanie WWF No Way Out Keibler, Stacy WWF No Mercy Wight, Paul WWF Judgment Day Simmons, Ron (I) Senerca, Pete WWF Insurrextion Ross, Jim (III) WWF Backlash Rock, The WWE Wrestlemania XX Reso, Jason WWE Wrestlemania X-8 McMahon, Vince WWE Vengeance McMahon, Shane Martin, Andrew (II) WWE Unforgiven Levesque, Paul Michael WWE SmackDown! Vs. Raw Layfield, John WWE No Way Out Lawler, Jerry WWE No Mercy Jericho, Chris WWE Judgment Day Jacobs, Glen Hardy, Matt WWE Armageddon Hardy, Jeff (I) Wrestlemania X-Seven Gunn, Billy (II) Wrestlemania X-8 Guerrero, Eddie Wrestlemania 2000 Copeland, Adam (I) Cole, Michael (V) Survivor Series Calaway, Mark Summerslam Bloom, Matt (I) Royal Rumble Benoit, Chris (I) No Way Out Austin, Steve (IV) King of the Ring Anoai, Solofatu Angle, Kurt Invasion Stratus, Trish Fully Loaded Dumas, Amy

Figure 3: (27,22)-core

7 Ribald Tales of Canterbury Young Nurses In Lust Hot Tight Asses 6 Return to Sex 5th Avenue Young Girls in Tight Jeans Cumback Pussy 8 Reincarnation of Don Juan Young and Naughty Hot Tight Asses 20 Cumback Pussy 6 Hot Sweet Honey Red Vibe Diaries 2: Dark Desires Year of the Sex Dragon, The Hot Shots Cumback Pussy 4 Get Some Rear Ended Roommates XTV 2 Cum for Me Carol Rear Busters XTV 1 Hot Nights at the Blue Note Cafe Cream of Cumback Pussy Hot In the City Raunch V X-rated Bloopers and Outtakes Crazed Raunch 6 X-rated Blondes Hospitality Sweet Covergirl Hooter Heaven Rapture X Dreams Honey Buns Country Girl Rambone the Destroyer Wrapped Up Hollywood Starlets Coming on Strong Rainwoman 6 WPINK-TV 3 Hollywood Exposed 2 Coming of Age Rainwoman 4 Woman in Pink, The Come Hither, Cum Ginger Rainbird Within and Without You Holly Does Hollywood Club Head Holiday for Angels Radio-active With Love from Susan Hindlick Maneuver, The Club Ginger Radio K-KUM With Love from Ginger Club DV8 2 Rachel Ryan RR Witching Hour, The Hienie's Heroes Cherry Cheeks Hidden Obsessions Queen of Hearts 3 Wire Desire Cheerleader Academy Pussypoppers Wings of Passion Hershe Highway 4 Cheeks 2: The Bitter End North, Peter (I) Herman's Bed Pussyman Takes Hollywood Willing Women Heads and Tails Cheek to Cheek 2: The Newest Cheeks on the Block Pussyman 2: The Prize Wild Women 61: Rachel Ryan Head Games Checkmate Pussyman Wild Women 32: Summer Rose Head Clinic Charmed and Dangerous Psychic, The Wild Women 11: Tanya Foxx Chameleon, The Prom Girls Wild Weekend Hawaii Vice Part III: Beyond the Badge Certifiably Anal Hawaii Vice 6 Project: Ginger Wild in the Wilderness Hawaii Vice 5 Centerfolds Private Teacher Wild Buck Hawaii Vice 2 Caught In the Middle Private Affairs: Vol 6 Wild Bananas On Butt Row Harlequin Affair Caught in the Act Private Affairs: Vol 2 Wild and Wicked 3 Caught From Behind 9 Pretty As You Feel Wicked Whispers Hard to Handle Caught From Behind 6 Hard Rider Precious Peaks Wicked Ways #2 Caught From Behind 4 Pouring It On Wicked One Hard as a Rock Caught From Behind 2: The Sequel Happy Endings Possessions Wicked As She Seems Guilty by Seduction Caught From Behind 10 Portrait of Dorian Whore, The Cat Alley Pornomania 1 Whore of the Worlds Greatest American Blonde Car Wash Angels Grand Opening Porn on the 4th of July Whore House Captain Butt's Beach Poonies, The Who Killed Holly Hollywood? Graduation from F.U. Canned Heat Gorgeous Pleasure Seekers White Bunbusters Good Girls Do California Native Pleasure Party Whispered Lies Cajun Heat Pleasure Hunt Part II Where the Sun Never Shines Going Pro Butts of Steel Goin' Down Slow Plaything 2 What Gets Me Hot! Butties Plaything Wet Dreams Reel Fantasies Goddess of Love Butt Sisters, The Gluteus to the Maximus Playing with a Full Dick West Coast Girls Glen or Glenda? Busted Play It Again... Samantha! We Love to Tease Glamour Girl 5 Burning Desire Pink Pussycat, The Way They Were, The Give Me Your Soul... Burgundy Blues Piece of Heaven Wacky World of X-Rated Bloopers Bun for the Money Physical II Voyeur, The Girls' Club, The Bun Busters Girls Who Love to Suck Photo Flesh Voyeur's Favorite Blowjobs and Anals 8, The Girls of the Double D 9 British Are Coming, The Perverted Passions Voodoo Lust: The Possession Girls of the Double D 13 Bringing Up the Rear Perverted 1 Visions of Desire Girls of the Double D 11 Bride, The Perks Virgin Dreams Breaking It Perfect Fit Video Tramp Girls of the A Team, The Brazilian Connection, The Girls of Paradise Peggy Sue Victoria and Company Girls of Cell Block F Brat Force Passionate Heiress Vegas: Snake Eyes Girl with the Heart-Shaped Tattoo, The Bottoms Up! Series 8 Passionate Angels Vagina Town Ginger's Private Party Bottom Line, The Passenger 69 Up Your Ass 5 Bottom Dweller Part Deux, The Passages 2 Up 'n Coming Ginger's Greatest Boy/Girl Hits Bottom Dweller 5: In Search of... Ginger Then and Now Passages 1 Unforgivable Ginger Snacks Booty Mistress Party Doll A Go-Go, Part 1 Unchain My Heart Ginger On the Rocks Booty Ho 3 Party Doll A Go-Go 2 Unbelievable Orgies Ginger Lynn: The Movie Boobs Butts and Bloopers 1 Party Doll Turnabout Boiling Point Paradise Lost True Legends of Adult Cinema: The Modern Video Era Ginger Lynn Non-Stop Boiling Desires Ginger Lynn and Co. Paler Shade of Blue, A True Legends of Adult Cinema: The Erotic 80's Body of Innocence Overtime: Oral Hijinx Trashy Lady Ginger in Ecstasy Body Music Ginger Effect, The Oval Office, The Tracie Lords Ghost Town Bod Squad, The Outrageous Orgies 5 Toys 4 Us 2 Blowin' the Whistle Outlaw, The Touch of Mischief Gettin' Ready Bloopers 2 Gang Bangs II Out of Love Touch Me iue4: Figure Bloopers Orgies Torrid Without a Cause Gang Bangs Blondes Who Blow Gang Bang Wild Style 2 Oral Majority 9 Top It Off Gang Bang Nymphette Blondage Oral Majority 8 Top 25 Adult Stars of All Time, The Gang Bang Jizz Queens Blame It On Ginger Oral Majority 7 Too Good to Be True Gang Bang Jizz Jammers Black Valley Girls 2 Oral Majority 4 Tomboy Black Valley Girls Oral Majority 3 To the Rear Gang Bang Girl 22 Black Throat Gang Bang Girl 20 Oral Majority 10 Tits Ahoy Gang Bang Girl 17 Black Stockings Oral Majority Tip of the Tongue Gang Bang Girl 13 Billionaire Girls Club Open Up Traci Tight Squeeze Gang Bang Girl 12 Bigger They Come Only the Very Best On Video Tight Ends in Motion Big Pink, The Only the Best of the 80's Thrill Street Blues Gang Bang Face Bath 4 Big Melons 4 Gang Bang Face Bath 3 One Night Stand Three-way Lust Gang Bang Face Bath 2 Big Melons 31 On the Loose Three by Three Gang Bang Face Bath Big Melons 26 On Golden Blonde Those Lynn Girls Gang Bang Cummers Big Mellons 25 Office Girls This Is Your Sex Life Beyond Thunderbone Obsession Texas Crude Games Couples Play Beyond Reality: Mischief in the Making Future Voyeur Nurse Nancy Terms of Endowment Full Throttle Girls 1: Boredom Pulled the Trigger Between the Cheeks 3 Nurse Fantasies Terminal Case of Love Full Nest Between the Cheeks 2 Norma Jeane Anal Legend Temptation Eyes Full Moon Fever Between the Cheeks Nobody's Looking Teasers Best Rears of Our Lives, The No Tell Motel Tease, The Friends and Lovers: The Sequel Best of the Vivid Girls #30 Fresh Meat Nightbreed Tawnee Be Good Best of the Dark Bros., Vol. 2, The Night Temptress Taste of Victoria Paris French Doll Best of the Dark Bros., The Forbidden Cravings Night Tales Taste of Tawnee, A Forbidden Bodies Best of Talk Dirty, Vol. 1, The Night Deposit Taste of Ariel 256-adcore (2,516)-Hard Best of Shane 1 New Wave Hookers 4 Tarnished Knight For Your Thighs Only Best of Loose Ends For the Money 1 New Wave Hookers 2 Talk Dirty to Me, Part III Best of Double Penetration New Wave Hookers Talk Dirty to Me 9 Fluffer, The Best of Diamond Collection 11 Flesh Shopping Network Never Say Never Takin' It to the Limit Flashback Best of Christy Canyon Naughty Thoughts Take My Wife, Please! First Annual XRCO Adult Film Awards Best of Caught from Behind 2 Naughty 90's Take Me Firm Offer Best of Caught from Behind Nasty Nymphos 3 Tailspin 1 Best of Amber Lynn Nasty Lovers Tails of Perversity 3 Firefoxes Beefeaters Fire in the Hole Naked Truth, The Tails of Perversity 2 8 Fine Art of Cunnilingus, The Beaverly Hills Cop Naked Ambition Tails of Perversity Film Buff Beaver and Buttcheeks Naked and Nasty Tailiens 2 Filet-o-Breast Beat Goes On, The Mystic Pieces Tailiens Bazooka County 3 Wallice, Marc Mystery of the Golden Lotus Tailhouse Rock Femmes érotiques, Les Battle of the Titans Femme Vanessa, La Muff 'n' Jeff Tailgunners Fast Girls Battle of the Superstars Motel Sex Swedish Erotica 74 Farmer's Daughter 2 Bare Market More Than Friends Swedish Erotica 56 Fantasy Inc. Bare Elegance Moonstroked Swedish Erotica 54 Barbii Unleashed Model Wife Surfside Sex Fame Is a Whore On Butt Row Barbara Dare's Bad Eyewitness Nudes Miscreants Superstars of Sex: Racquel Darrian Extreme Sex 4: The Experiment Ball Street Mirage 2 Super Tramp Extreme Sex 2: The Dungeon Badgirls 2: Strip Search Mirage Super Groupie Extreme Sex 1: The Club Bad Mind Shadows 2 Sunny After Dark Backroad to Paradise Mind Shadows Summer Break Exhibitionist, The Backing in 3 Executive Suites Midslumber's Night Dream Sugarpussy Jeans Every Woman Has a Fantasy 3 Backfield in Motion Midnight Pink Suburban Swingers 2 Eternity Backdoor to Hollywood 11 Midnight Hour, The Street Walkers Eternal Lust 2 Backdoor Summer II Megasex Strange Sex in Strange Places Backdoor Brides Part 2 Matter of Size, A Stiff Competition 2 Escort to Ecstasy Backdoor Brides Erotic Starlets 12: Crystal Lee Masque Stiff Competition Backdoor Bonanza 9 Mark of Zara Starting Over Erotic Newcummers 4 Backdoor Bonanza 13 Erotic Explosions 2 Marilyn Whips Wallstreet Starr Entertainment L.A. Style Back to Nature Manbait 2 Star, The Back Doors, The Manbait Star Cuts 4: Ginger Lynn Encore Bachelor Party Enchantress Man Who Loves Women, The Star Cuts 39: Trinity Loren Baby Face 2 Make My Wife, Please Star Cuts 37: Buffy Davis Edge of Heat 2 Babe Watch Edge of Heat Make My Night Star 85 Ecstasy Aussie Exchange Girls Make Me Want It Splendor in the Ass Easy Way, The Asspiring Actresses Magic Shower, The Splash Shots Earth Girls Are Sleazy Ass Openers 8 Lust in the Fast Lane Spies Ass Openers 6 Lust College Spermbusters E. TV Ass Openers 4 DØj Vu Lust Bug, The Spellbound Dreams of Candace Hart Ass Openers 3 Lust at the Top Spectacular Orgasms Dreams in the Forbidden Zone Ass Openers 10 Luscious Lucy in Love Sorority Pink 2: The Initiation Dream Machine, The Ass Openers 1 Lucky Break Sophisticated Lady Ass Lovers Special Lovin' USA Sodomania: The Baddest of the Best Dream Lust Ass Busters Inc. Dragon Lady 4: Tales from the Bed 3, The Lovers, The Sodomania: Slop Shots 1 Double Penetrations 7 Ass Backwards Love Lessons Sodomania 18 Double Penetrations 6 Art of Desire Love Ghost Sodomania 13 Double Penetrations 2 Aroused Love Bites Snatched Army Brat 2 Loose Morals Smart Ass, The Double Penetration 5 Arizona Gold Double Penetration 4 Loose Ends III Smart Ass Returns, The Double Penetration 2 Anything Goes Loose Ends II Slumber Party Double Penetration Another Rear View Loose Ends Sloppy Seconds Dirty Prancing Animal in Me Loads of Fun 4 Slip of the Tongue Angels of Mercy Little Romance Slip Into Ginger and Amber Dirty Pictures Angelica Dirty Movies Like a Virgin Slightly Used Angel Rising Life and Loves of Nikki Charm Sleeping with Everybody Dirty Looks Angel Puss Dirty Dreams Let's Play Doctor Slave to Love Dickman and Throbbin Analizer, The Legend of Barbi-Q and Little Fawn, The Sky Foxes Anal Trashy Ass Laying the Ghost Skin Games Diamond in the Rough Anal Thunder 2 Diamond Collection Double X 74 Latin Lust Sister Dearest Anal Taboo Last Temptation, The Sindy Does Anal Again Diamond Collection Double X 10 Anal Sweetheart Diamond Collection 79 Lascivious Ladies of Dr. Lipo, The Simply Kia Diamond Collection 67 Anal Sluts and Sweethearts Laid Off Simply Blue Diamond Collection 64 Anal Secrets Lady in Red, The Shot From Behind Diamond Collection 61 Anal Riders 106 KSEX 106.9 Sheila's Deep Desires Anal Queen Kiss, The Shayla's Gang Dial F for Fantasy Anal Princess Dial a Nurse Kiss My Asp Shaved Pink Dial A for Anal Anal Mystique Kinky Vision 2 Shane's World Devil Made Her Do It, The Anal Lover Kinky Couples Sexy Secrets N 1 Devil in Miss Jones 5: The Inferno, The Anal Justice Kinky Sexy and 18 Anal Innocence 2 Keyhole Video #114: Christy Canyon Special Sexual Fantasies Devil in Miss Jones 4: The Final Outrage Anal Inferno Devil in Miss Jones 3: A New Beginning, The Kascha and Friends Sextectives Desktop Dolls Anal Hounds and Bitches Just Another Pretty Face Sexpertease DeRenzy Tapes Anal Hellraiser 2 Juicy Sex Scandals Sex Toys Delinquents On Butt Row Anal Encounters 2 Juicy Lucy Sex Stories Anal Encounters 1 Jezebel Sex Sluts in the Slammer Deeper, Harder, Faster Anal Ecstasy Deep Throat Girls Jaded Love Sex Shoot Deep Obsession Anal Delights 3 It's My Body Sex Plays Deep Inside Victoria Paris Anal Deep Rider Interactive Sex Maniacs Deep Inside Vanessa del Rio Anal Crack Master Insatiable Sex Fifth Avenue Anal Climax 3 Inferno Sex Busters Deep Inside Traci Anal Attitude Deep Inside Shanna McCullough Indecent Itch Sex Beat Deep Inside Samantha Strong Anal Anarchy Indecent Exposures Sex Appraisals Deep Inside Racquel Darrian Anal Adventures of Suzy Super Slut Inches for Keisha Sex Academy 2: The Art of Talking Dirty Deep Inside P.J. Sparxx American Pie In Search of the Golden Bone Sex 3: After Seven American Beauty Immaculate Erection Sensual Exposure Deep Inside Nina Hartley Amber Lynn: The Totally Awesome Deep Inside Missy Images of Desire Seeing Red Amazing Tails 5 I Want It All Seducers, The Deep Inside Kelly O'Dell Amazing Tails 4 Deep Inside Ginger Lynn Byron, Tom I Touch Myself Secret of Her Suckcess Deep Inside Brittany O'Connell Amazing Tails 3 I Like to Be Watched Secret Life of Nina Hartley, The Amazing Tails 2 I Dream of Christy Secret Fantasies 4 Deep Inside Barbii Amazing Tails 1 Deep Inside Ariana Hunger, The Secret Fantasies 3 All the Best, Barbara House On Chasey Lane Screaming Rage Deep In Angel's Ass Alice in Hollyweird Deep Cover House of the Rising Sun Scarlet Woman, The Deep Cheeks 3 Al Terego's Double Anal Alternatives House of Sleeping Beauties 2 Scarlet Bride, The Decadence Aja House of Sleeping Beauties Savanah Unleased Debutante, The After Midnight House of Blue Dreams Satyr Afro Erotica 15 Hottest Ticket Satin Seduction Dear Bridgette Adventures of Tracy Dick: The Case of the Missing Stiff Darker Side of Shayla, The Hothouse Rose Part 1 Sabotage Darker Side of Shayla 2, The Adventures of Billy Blues, The Hotel Sodom Ruthless Affairs Curse of the Catwoman Adult 45 Hotel Paradise Royals: Ginger Lynn Cumshot Revue 5 Above the Knee Hotel Fantasy Roll-x Girls A-List, The Hot Wired Rocky Porno Video Show, The Cumshot Revue 3 A Is for Asia Cumshot Revue 2 Hot Tight Asses 9 Rising, The 4F Dating Service Hot Tight Asses 8 Rise of the Roman Empress 2 Cumming of Ass 40 Something Cumback Pussy 9: Your Ass Is Mine! 1-800-934-Boob 4-rings A k-ring is a simple closed chain of length k. Using k-rings we can define a weight of edges as wk(e) = # of different k-rings containing the edge e ∈ E

Since for a complete graph Kr, r ≥ k ≥ 3 we have wk(Kr) = (r − 2)!/(r − k)! the edges belonging to cliques have large weights. Therefore these weights can be used to identify the dense parts of a network. For example: all r-cliques of a network belong to r − 2-edge cut for the weight w3. The 3-rings weights were implemented in Pajek in May 2002. However, there are no 3- rings in the IMDB network. The densest substructures are complete bipartite subgraphs Kp,q. They contain many 4-rings.

w4(Kp,q) = (p − 1)(q − 1)

So we decided to implement 4-rings weights in Pajek . To identify interesting substructures we applied the simple islands procedure for the weight w4. It takes around 3 minutes to compute w4 weights on a 1400 MHz, 1GB RAM computer, and 13 seconds to determine the islands. We obtained 12465 simple line islands on 56086 vertices. Here is their size distribution. There are 94 of size at least 30; and only 10 over 100. Again the largest island corresponds to wrestling. Each island represents a special topic. We visualized only some of them. Island Size Representative ------1 673 Andre the Giant: Larger Than Life 2 332 13. jul 3 332 Aa bakudan 4 301 Aa Chithrasalabham Parannotte 5 269 Adult 45 6 163 .hack//Akusei heni vol. 2 7 144 Aladdin 8 135 Gondoliers, The 9 122 Bag om Robinson ekspeditionen 10 106 1992 Winter Olympics Figure Skating

9 Table 2: (p, q : n1, n2) for IMDB Size Freq Size Freq Size Freq Size Freq ------2 5512 20 19 38 4 59 2 3 1978 21 18 39 3 61 1 4 1639 22 15 40 2 64 1 5 968 23 9 42 2 67 1 6 666 24 13 43 3 70 1 7 394 25 12 45 3 73 1 8 257 26 6 46 4 76 1 9 209 27 6 47 5 82 1 10 148 28 5 48 1 86 1 11 118 29 6 49 2 106 1 12 87 30 3 50 2 122 1 13 55 31 6 51 1 135 1 14 62 32 5 52 2 144 1 15 46 33 3 53 1 163 1 16 39 34 1 54 2 269 1 17 27 35 5 55 1 301 1 18 28 36 4 57 1 332 2 19 29 37 7 58 1 673 1 ------

11 86 Accouplements pour voyeurs 12 82 Affren i Mlleby 13 76 Emmanuelle Forever 14 73 Directing Rye 15 70 002 agenti segretissimi 16 67 Adventures of Red Ryder 17 64 Abuse me... 1: Feuchte Pppchen 18 61 Real World Reunion 2000, The 19 59 Abid el gassad 20 59 Jiyu gakkou 21 58 IDandT Presents the Darkraver 22 57 All Around Cure, An 23 55 AandE Biography: John Waters 24 54 Avonturen van een zigeunerjongen 25 54 All Aboard 26 53 Adventures of Mark Twain, The 27 52 Binge and Purge 28 52 Aladdin’s Lantern 29 51 Survivor - Season One: The Greatest and Most Outrageous Moments 30 50 Polizeiruf 110 - Angst um Tessa Blow 31 50 Abouna 32 49 Kid senshi Gundam: Meguriai sora 33 49 Buster Be Good 34 48 Auf ins blaukarierte Himmelbett 35 47 Accident, L’ 36 47 Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland, The 37 47 Eurovision Song Contest, The 38 47 Beaches 39 47 Bubblegum Crisis Tokyo 2040: Shadow War 40 46 Bingville Fire Department, The 41 46 Advoktka Vera 42 46 Angel of Destruction 43 46 Cry in the Dark, A 44 45 Lawrence Welk: Milestones and Memories - A Musical Family Reunion 45 45 Millennium Madness: Gangbangers of America 46 45 Zombie Planet 47 43 Polizeiruf 110 - Abschiedslied fr Linda 48 43 Ali Baba bujang lapok

10 49 43 Entfhrung aus der Lindenstrae 50 42 Stained Memories 51 42 Helden von Bern, Die 52 40 Berlin Snuff 53 40 Amerikaansche meisjes 54 39 Atunci i-am condamnat pe toti la moarte 55 39 Tatort - ... und die Musi spielt dazu 56 39 Dalziel and Pascoe: A Clubbable Woman 57 38 Beszl knts, A 58 38 Ahasin Polawatha 59 38 Undressed: The Casting Couch 60 38 Aladim e a Lmpada Maravilhosa 61 37 Doppelter Einsatz - Auf Leben und Tod 62 37 Miss Belgi 1994 63 37 ’Bar’ 64 37 Una y media 65 37 ’Club de Los Tigritos, El’ 66 37 Easter Carol, An 67 37 Carmen, a cigana 68 36 Abuelo, la condesa y Escarlata la traviesa, El 69 36 Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown 70 36 Hei kliffaa hei! 71 36 Carry On Abroad 72 35 ’Brug, De’ 73 35 Escape Through Time 74 35 Et la lumire fut 75 35 Paper-Thin Immortals 76 35 Best of Big Brother, The 77 34 A los cirujanos se les va la mano 78 33 ’Shortland Street’ 79 33 Jri Rumm 80 33 Boys to Men 81 32 Amor de Perdio 82 32 Circo de las Montini, El 83 32 Newlyweds Build, The 84 32 Alice at the Carnival 85 32 Bulle von Tlz - Bauernhochzeit, Der 86 31 ’Fugitivos Reality Mission’ 87 31 Dark Area, The 88 31 Boh fett 89 31 Secret Spot, The 90 31 Heftig og begeistret 91 31 AandE Biography: Stooges - The Men Behind the Mayhem 92 30 Aliki dictator, I 93 30 Cabaret! 94 30 Andel’s Story 95 29 Abnormal Man ------

11 Kesten, Brad Brando, Kevin Schoenberg, Jeremy

Hauer, Brent Robbins, Peter (I) Shea, Christopher (I) Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show Altieri, Ann Reilly, Earl 'Rocky' Charlie Brown Celebration Ornstein, Geoffrey You Don't Look 40, Charlie Brown He's Your Dog, Charlie Brown Making of 'A Charlie Brown Christmas' You're In Love, Charlie Brown It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown Charlie Brown's All Stars! Life Is a Circus, Charlie Brown Charlie Brown Christmas Race for Your Life, Charlie Brown

Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown Mendelson, Karen It's Magic, Charlie Brown Dryer, Sally Stratford, Tracy Melendez, Bill You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown

Boy Named Charlie Brown It's a Mystery, Charlie Brown It's an Adventure, Charlie Brown It's Flashbeagle, Charlie Brown Momberger, Hilary Play It Again, Charlie Brown Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown? There's No Time for Love, Charlie BrownCharlie Brown Thanksgiving You're Not Elected, Charlie Brown Snoopy Come Home It's the Easter Beagle, Charlie Brown

Shea, Stephen

Figure 5: Charlie Brown Pajek

12 Sergeant Madden

Honky Tonk Hoodlum Saint, The

Roaring Twenties, The Unconquered

Union Pacific Phelps, Lee (I)

Big City Flavin, James

Saum, Cliff Wells Fargo Star Is Born, A Dunn, Ralph

You Can't Take It with You San Quentin

Vogan, Emmett Chandler, Eddy Flowers, Bess

O'Connor, Frank (I) Whole Town's Talking, The

Nancy Drew... Reporter Sullivan, Charles (I)

Dust Be My Destiny Meet John Doe Holmes, Stuart

Castle on the Hudson Valley of the Giants

Racket Busters Kid Galahad

Go Getter, The They Made Me a Criminal Women in the Wind Mower, Jack Man Who Talked Too Much, The Naughty But Nice Yankee Doodle Dandy

Kid From Kokomo, The King of the Underworld They Drive by Night Bad Men of Missouri Secret Service of the Air Adventures of Mark Twain, The Knockout Smashing the Money Ring Pajek

Figure 6: Mower, Jack and Phelps, Lee

13 Morgan, Jonathan (I)

Boy, T.T. Davis, Mark (V)

Voyeur, Vince

Dough, Jon

Sanders, Alex (I)

North, Peter (I)

Michaels, Sean

Horner, Mike

Drake, Steve (I)

Byron, Tom Silvera, Joey

West, Randy (I)

Jeremy, Ron

Wallice, Marc Savage, Herschel

Thomas, Paul (I)

Pajek Figure 7: Adult

14 Sawak nus el lail

Soltan, Hoda Malak el zalem, El Rostom, Hind Fatawa, El

El Dekn, Tewfik Sittat afarit, al- Sarhan, Shukry Fatat el mina Port Said Hareb min el ayyam Riad, Hussein Abu Hadid Elf laila wa laila Tarik el saada Souk el selah Hub fil zalam Nashal, El Maktub alal guebin Fatawat el Husseinia Hamama, Faten Amir el antikam Abid el gassad Hamdi, Imad Ghaltet ab Ard el ahlam Abu Dahab Shawqi, Farid Aguazet seif El-Meliguy, Mahmoud Hamida Baad al wedah Batal lil nehaya Massiada, Al Namrud, El Asrar el naas Ebn el-hetta Abu Ahmad Baba Amin Nassab, El Beyt al Taa Zoj el azeb, El Haked, El Abid el mal Osta Hassan, El Cass el azab Ibn al ajar Ghazal al-banat Ana bint min? Rasif rakam khamsa Murra kulshi, El Laab bil nar, El Mohtal, El Iskanderija... lih? Zalamuni el habaieb Imlak, El Ashki limin? Matloub zawja fawran Ana zanbi eh?

Figure 8: Shawqi, Farid and El-Meliguy, Mahmoud

15 Maranow, Maja Starkes Team - Der letzte Kampf, Ein

Starkes Team - Eins zu Eins, Ein

Starkes Team - Kollege Mrder, Ein Polizeiruf 110 - Ein Bild von einem Mrder

’Affre Semmeling, Die’ Starkes Team - Sicherheitsstufe 1, Ein Polizeiruf 110 - Kopf in der Schlinge

Starkes Team - Das Bombenspiel, Ein Polizeiruf 110 - Zerstrte Trume

Starkes Team - Blutsbande, Ein Polizeiruf 110 - Angst um Tessa Blow iue9: Figure Martens, Florian Starkes Team - Tdliche Rache, Ein Polizeiruf 110 - Rosentod Starkes Team - Erbarmungslos, Ein Starkes Team - Der Mann, den ich hasse, Ein Polizeiruf 110 - Doktorspiele

oierf10adSaksTeam Starkes and 110 Polizeiruf Starkes Team - Kindertrume, Ein Polizeiruf 110 - Jugendwahn

Starkes Team - Auge um Auge, Ein Polizeiruf 110 - Heikalte Liebe

Starkes Team - Mrderisches Wiedersehen, Ein Starkes Team - Lug und Trug, Ein Polizeiruf 110 - Todsicher 16 Starkes Team, Ein Schwarz, Jaecki Polizeiruf 110 - Der Spieler Lansink, Leonard Polizeiruf 110 - Mordsfreunde Starkes Team - Kleine Fische, groe Fische, Ein Polizeiruf 110 - Kurschatten Starkes Team - Der Todfeind, Ein Starkes Team - Roter Schnee, Ein Polizeiruf 110 - Tote erben nicht Starkes Team - Mordlust, Ein Winkler, Wolfgang Polizeiruf 110 - Der Pferdemrder Starkes Team - Das groe Schweigen, Ein Polizeiruf 110 - Henkersmahlzeit Bademsoy, Tayfun Starkes Team - Der schne Tod, Ein

Starkes Team - Der Verdacht, Ein Starkes Team - Trume und Lgen, Ein

Starkes Team - Bankraub, Ein

Starkes Team - Verraten und verkauft, Ein

Starkes Team - Braunauge, Ein

Starkes Team - Im Visier des Mrders, Ein

Lerche, Arnfried Starkes Team - Die Natter, Ein

Pajek Time slices By extracting a time slice from the complete network, we can identify the main groups in selected time periods. To illustrate this, we extracted the time slice 1935-1950. There are 223 simple islands for w4 on 1774 vertices. Island Size Representative ------1 139 ABC Mark Curry & Delta Burke Back Lot Special 2 85 Bag klosterets mure 3 73 Kaikki peliss 4 73 A Yong 5 64 Bartom, Bdy Gbor 6 63 Doa Macabra 7 49 Ako-Jo danzetsu 8 38 Gubernator 9 35 Dancing on the Face of the Moon 10 35 Mdgmurebi 11 25 Dandy Dan - He’s a Detective 12 25 Barrister Parvatishan 13 24 Abas Largas, Os 14 23 Allee der Kosmonauten 15 20 Anniversary Retreat 16 19 Grand-pre 17 19 Joyland 18 19 Pepito y los robachicos 19 19 Black Friday 20 19 Al Al Carnaval 21 18 Botate asobi 22 16 ’Huff’: Around the Edges 23 15 Here’s Television 24 15 Erbe wird gesucht, Ein 25 14 Chuji tabi nikki: Shinshu kessho hen 26 14 Hakob Hovnatanyan 27 14 Samho talchul 28 13 Du hao 29 13 Einflle der heiligen Klara, Die 30 13 Going Places with Lowell Thomas, #1 31 12 Pitanje 32 12 Fuji ni tatsu kage 33 12 Dzhoy i Druzhok 34 11 Bar-L Ranch 35 11 Kalkofes Mattscheibe Sylvester Spezial 36 10 Geulim ilgi 37 10 Roof to Roof 38 10 Brick Wall 39 10 Dil Ki Duniya 40 10 Alte Snder, Der 41 10 Buddy Holly Story, The 42 10 Kun Hunttalan Matti Suomen osti 43 9 Sekret Enigmy ------

For example we selected island 6 – ’Dona Macabra’.

17 Gonzalez, Gibran

Langlands, Rob

Fernandez, Emiliano Janitors, The Cardona, Renan

Arenas, Mathieu Misterio del latigo negro, El

Cabello, Antonio Tesoro de Morgan, El Del Degan, Davide Noriega, Leonardo J.

Calles, David Triboulet Blanco, Tomas (I) Tehtaan varjossa

Villate, Victor Trevino, Alejandro Lupo und der Muezzin Aroza, Diego

Gomez, Martha Primo Baby

Buendia, Jorge Villarreal, Juan Antonio Tierra y mar del noroeste Velasco, Gary Lopez, Bruno Suenos atomicos Soler, Cote Busquets, Enrique Tu Hau

Frank, Constanze Segarra, Carol Monja alferez, La Martinez, Pablo (V) D'Org, Olga Silencio roto de Anda, Rafael

Frauscher, Richard Rayo de luz, Un Obregon, Julia Escobar, Valeria Roldan, Celia Hoy canto para ti O'Farril, Alfredo Zea, Kristi Todo un caballero

Rueda, Enrique Martin Fierro Barreiro, Jose Parra, Aleksandr Perez, Jose A. (I) Sor Juana Inez de la cruz Camargos, Glaucia Marti, Adam

Lopez, Celso Isla Isabel Deray, Sara Dona Macabra Wimer, Homero

Calvo, Ricardo Madre padrona

Delholm, Kirsten

Morales, Lucy Pajek

Figure 10: Dona Macabra

18 Co-starring authors We extracted a small subset of the actors in the IMDB network and constructed from it a dy- namic visualisation of a 1-mode network showing the co-appearance of actors in films. This visualisation forms the first section of an animation, downloadable from the following location: http://www.it.usyd.edu.au/∼dmerrick/gd05contest/gd05-final.avi To define a sufficiently small subgraph, we first considered only nodes in the network with a Kevin Bacon number of 1. The Kevin Bacon number of an actor is a similar concept to the Erdos¨ number of a mathematician; it represents the length of the shortest path in the movie star collaboration network from the actor to Kevin Bacon. The data set was divided into time slices of a decade in length (e.g. 1920s, 1930s, etc.), and the set of actors reduced in each decade to only those who had co-starred in at least 5 films with another actor with a Kevin Bacon number of 1. The 1-mode co-starring networks of these reduced sets of actors were constructed for each decade, and a three-dimensional force-directed layout generated for each. Nodes in the force- directed layout were restricted to lie on one of three concentric spheres, depending on the degree of the node, as illustrated in Figure 11. The colouring of each node was also used to indicate the degree. The size of each node was dependant on the number of movies in which the cor- responding actor starred in that particular decade. Similarly, the width of an edge was used to represent the number of co-appearances between two actors in a decade. To effectively illustrate the evolution of the co-starring network, we display smooth anima- tions between the layouts of subsequent decades. The animations are broken into several parts shown one after the other in time, in order to aid retention of the mental map. First, nodes and edges not present in the first layout are faded out. Nodes present in both first and second layouts are then animated to their new positions in the second layout. Nodes new to the second layout burst out from the centre and come to rest in their calculated positions, and finally new edges are faded in to show the new collaborations in the second decade. This process was continued for all decade slices from 1911 through to 2004, and the result can be seen in the downloadable animation. The visualisation shows both expected and unexpected patterns. For example, nodes corre- sponding to singers Britney Spears, Beyonce´ Knowles and Jennifer Lopez are highly connected, presumably due to music videos and attendance in music industry award ceremonies. Names of US presidents can be seen amongst a highly-connected component in the later decades, show- ing the wide-ranging scope of the genres in the IMDB. At one stage this component of political entities is seen to be linked to the network of movie stars through actor-cum-governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. A more unexpected finding was the substantial number of actors with a Kevin Bacon number of 1 in the early years of the twentieth century, some of whom could clearly not have co-starred in a film with Kevin Bacon. This revealed some noise in the original contest data set. The years of some movies had been recorded incorrectly, while edges to other movies that possessed the same name as a movie of a prior decade were all recorded as belonging to the earlier movie.

19 Figure 11: A frame from the co-starring actors animation

20 A Galaxy of Movie Stars Our final visualisation consists of a ”galaxy of stars” metaphor for the movie-actor network, and forms the second part of the animation downloadable from: http://www.it.usyd.edu.au/ dmerrick/gd05contest/gd05-final.avi A subset of the IMDB was selected for each year from 1907 to 2004. Actors and movies were chosen using the following criteria:

• every actor must have starred in more than 12 movies over the whole time period

• every movie must have more than 12 actors

• each actor must have played in between 3 to 6 movies in each year

A two-dimensional force-directed layout was generated for each year’s subgraph. In the final visualisation, actor nodes in the network were depicted as stars in the night sky, and edges as faint lines joining up ”constellations” of actors (See Figure 12). Edges are present between actor and movie nodes, but movie nodes are hidden; in this manner, collaboration between actors can be seen. Animation is performed between each layout, in a similar manner to the animation of the co-starring authors network (detailed in the previous section). No labels are shown in this visualisation, but the changing frequencies of highly-connected components can be seen as the visualisation changes over time.

21 Figure 12: A frame from the galaxy of stars animation

22 References

[1] Batagelj, V. and Mrvar, A.(1996-): Pajek – program for analysis and visualization of large network, home page, data sets.

[2] Batagelj, V. and Zaversnik,ˇ M.(2002): Generalized Cores, arxiv cs.DS/0202039

[3] Batagelj, V. and Zaversnik,ˇ M.(2003): Short cycles connectivity. arxiv cs.DS/0308011

[4] de Nooy, W., Mrvar, A. and Batagelj V. (2005): Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek, CUP. Amazon. ESNA page.

[5] Zaversnik,ˇ M. and Batagelj, V. (2004): Islands. Slides from Sunbelt XXIV, Portoroz,ˇ Slove- nia, 12.-16. May 2004, PDF

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