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Home , Passiontide, Songs of Farewell

Introduction from Nigel Short

The timeless beauty of the simple melodic and rhythmic inflections of chant captivated me even 1 Hymn for Passiontide: Pange lingua gloriosi Plainchant 3.12 as a young chorister, and singing it during or always represented something of a treat. for Passiontide Plainchant Its calming, reflective and almost hypnotic effect 2 Deus in adiutorium 0.53 is particularly powerful heard within the context 3 Antiphon: Miserere – : Cum invocarem; 10.57 of our highly-charged lives, yet it has been sung by In te Domine speravi; Qui habitat in adiutorio; monks for around a thousand years in churches, Ecce nunc benedicite cathedrals and abbeys throughout the world. 4 Chapter: Tu in nobis es – Respond: In manus tuas 1.21 most poignant and intense polyphonic settings of 5 Hymn: Cultor dei memento 3.53 During the Renaissance period, composers used sacred texts used in Passiontide. These settings for 6 Versicle & Response: Custodi nos 0.23 certain melodies as a linchpin for their settings five lower voices prove not only the depth of Tallis’ 7 Antiphon: O Rex gloriose – Canticle: Nunc dimittis 4.28 of the , a single line repeated through each devotion to the ‘old faith’ and the Catholic rites but 8 Preces – – Benedicamus 5.23 movement (cantus firmus) while several other also his mastery of the polyphonic art, and cements vocal strands are wrapped around it, resulting in 9 Lamentations of Jeremiah I Thomas Tallis 8.27 his rightful place as one of the greatest composers a wonderful polyphonic texture. More recently, of the English Renaissance. 10 Respond: In monte Oliveti Plainchant 2.19 composers have also used chant as the basis for their choral works, building more and more 11 Lamentations of Jeremiah II Thomas Tallis 13.35 Much of the chant sung on this recording is heard elaborate harmonies around the melodies in ’s concerts as the choir (or groups from 12 Respond: Tristis est anima mea Plainchant 2.54 including Maurice Duruflé in his atmospheric within the choir) moves around a venue, often setting of the and Quatre motets sur 13 Respond for Compline in Passiontide: In manus tuas I John Sheppard 3.43 singing by candlelight, embracing the different des thèmes grégoriens. effects on the senses to enhance the aural, visual 14 Litany after Lauds for Plainchant 3.45 and spiritual experience. We hope that this music Total Timing 65.23 We draw our music for this recording from the brings you a moment of calm and beauty. Salisbury Cathedral tradition - renowned for its ritual excellence, observation and performance - in the centuries before the Reformation. This recording of Compline sung during is www.tenebrae-choir.com enhanced with Tallis’ Lamentations - some of the Nigel Short

2 3 Chant for Passiontide from the Salisbury The psalms which Benedict prescribes for collegiate and cathedral communities, the shape of the Salisbury tradition it is the text for the choral Cathedral tradition Compline are three in number. Cum invocarem Compline was generally expanded in various ways. response to the short reading at Compline for (Psalm 4), is a short text of 10 verses, concluding: There were, and are, many various Complines, Passiontide, and as such features on this recording Compline almost as many differing forms as there are houses twice: firstly in its original chant form during Compline marks the completion of the day’s work In peace - in that same - I will sleep, and I will rest: where it is part of the diurnal round. For example the service itself, and secondly in its setting by in a monastic context. In some communities it was For you, Lord, alone have established me in hope. the hymn may be changed to mark a feast day, or John Sheppard, the first of three such settings even recited at the bedside in the dormitory. to be seasonally appropriate. In most places there he composed. St. Benedict in his ‘Rule’ stipulates three Psalms This text is familiar as In pace in idipsum, set in was an introductory reading, and extra prayers. recited straight through without antiphons; then polyphony as a Compline respond for Lent by the The psalms were frequently elaborated with an Tudor polyphonic settings for Compline the hymn which is appropriate for the ‘Hour’, the Tudor composers Tallis, Sheppard and Taverner. antiphon; and the canticle Nunc dimittis was part of As well as Sheppard, both Thomas Tallis and John lesson, the versicle, eleison, the blessing and many Complines. Taverner made polyphonic settings for performance the Collect. Unlike the other six daytime services, Qui habitat in adjutorio Altissimi ( - , during elaborated recitations of compline during Benedict’s Compline is invariable, and is recited 91- English) is one of protection from physical The present recording represents that used at the Tudor years. They are invariably wedded to the throughout the year in the same way. The choice and spiritual assault. “God will cover you with his Salisbury Cathedral in the centuries before the chant from which they derive, and the liturgical of texts by Benedict speak of the night, and of wings, you will not fear night terrors, or assault by Reformation. Salisbury was renowned across structure of solo cantor and choral response is a desire to be protected both physically and day. It is God himself who is your refuge, and his Europe as a centre of ritual excellence, both in marked by alternation of chant with polyphony. spiritually whilst asleep, and thus off-guard. angels will take you in their hands and guard you.” various embellishments to the basic Roman liturgy, In addition to the composers already mentioned, This is the source text for the liturgical texts for the and in the care of its observation and performance. William Byrd, Robert Whyte, and John Mason Psalms first in Lent, and is quoted by Christ in the In addition to the basic Benedictine items, composed polyphonic alternatim versions of The core of monastic prayer is the recitation of context of his long meditation in the desert. Compline at Salisbury in common with other Compline texts, mostly for use during Passiontide. the psalter “taking care that the whole Psalter of traditions adds the first six verses of the Psalm In te The short reign of Mary and the revival of the a hundred and fifty Psalms be recited every week, The final of Benedict’s three compline psalms Domine speravi (Psalm 30, Latin, 31 English). God pre-Henrician liturgy at court provided the and always begun afresh at the Night Office on is Ecce nunc benedicite Dominum ( - is invoked as a carer, and as protector. The extract context for many of these compositions. Sunday. For those monks would shew themselves Latin, 134 - English). This is one of the short and concludes with the verse: very slothful in the divine service who said in the delightful group of fifteen Songs of Degrees, or Mason’s setting of the Nunc dimittis antiphon O course of a week less than the entire Psalter, with Ascent. The performers lift up their hands at night Into your hands I commend my spirit: you have rex gloriose lasts approaching twelve minutes, and the usual canticles; since we read that our Holy in the Temple, praising God. redeemed me, O Lord God of truth. Sheppard’s setting of Media vita lasts more than Fathers resolutely performed in a single day what I twenty minutes, giving an idea of the elaboration pray we tepid monks may achieve in a whole week” Other Complines This is the verse spoken by Christ from the cross, of the small-scale service of Compline in a Tudor (Benedict: Rule, Chapter 18). In other traditions, both in monastic and and therefore of huge resonance, although equally ceremonial context. mendicant orders, in the Roman version, and in appropriate to preparing for sleep. Moreover in

4 5 Thomas Tallis Lamentations, with two chant Hymn for Passiontide: Pange lingua gloriosi 1. Hymn for Passiontide : Pange lingua gloriosi versions of Responds for Holy Week The words of the hymn are by Venantius Pange, lingua, gloriosi proelium certaminis, et Sing, my tongue, the victory in that glorious combat, Tallis composed the two settings of Lamentations Fortunatus, the sixth century Italian poet, who super crucis tropaeum dic triumphum nobilem: and, of the trophy of the Cross, sing a noble song of for texts which accurately duplicate the first two became the confidant of St. Radegund, and Bishop qualiter redemptor orbis immolatus vicerit. triumph, recounting how the Redeemer of the world, lessons (of nine) for the Night Office on Maundy of Poitiers. The first four verses of Pange lingua when immolated, conquered. Thursday. It is confidently believed that these are part of the Passiontide liturgy, as the hymn settings by Tallis were for private performance on itself for the Night Office. De parentis protoplasti fraude facta condolens, Deeply grieved by the infidelity of the first-created as devotional music, and not as liturgical pieces Fortunatus also composed Vexilla regis prodeunt, quando pomi noxialis morte morsu corruit, ipse man, when by the eating of the fatal fruit he rushed for use in church. Nonetheless, what would have the hymn at Vespers the previous evening. Pange lignum tunc notavit, damna ligni ut solveret. headlong to death, the Creator Himself then chose been the appropriate choral Responds to these lingua in full forms part of the liturgy, the tree that would undo the harm wrought by the two lessons are performed here, as examples of when it is sung to a different melody, with the verse former tree. the music used daily and nightly in cathedrals and Crux fidelis repeated in full after each stanza. abbeys for centuries. A Respond is a musically Hoc opus nostrae salutis ordo depoposcerat; This work the plan of our salvation demanded, that elaborate piece, though as usual in Litany after Lauds for Maundy Thursday multiformis proditoris ars ut artem falleret: et art might outwit the art of the multiform deceiver, it is the text which is important, and it is the degree Early on Maundy Thursday, at the dawn office medelam ferret inde, hostis unde laeserat. and thence bring the remedy whence the foe wrought of elaboration of the music which gives it a delivery of Lauds, the beginning of the three days was the injury. appropriate to its liturgical position within the marked by a simple and moving ceremony. The service. The two examples performed are part of accustomed prayers were replaced with a short Quando venit ergo sacri plenitudo temporis, When, therefore, the fulness of the sacred time was the first of three Tenebrae services recited in the litany incorporating the verse from St Paul’s missus est ab arce Patris Natus orbis Conditor; come, the Son, the Creator of the world, was sent forth three nights of Holy Week before Night - that letter to the Philippians: “Christ the Lord became atque ventre virginali caro factus prodiit. from His Father’s home, and, clothed in flesh, He is to say Maundy Thursday, Good Friday, and Holy obedient, even to the point of death”. The sentence came forth from a virginal womb. Saturday. The texts are the words of Christ during is placed amid repetitions of the Greek “Kyrie the events in the garden of Gethsemene, and are eleison, Christe eleison”, and with added verses in Gloria et honor Deo, usquequo altissimo: una Patri Glory and honour to God in the highest, the Father liturgically a response to the old testament readings, which Christ is addressed directly. It ends with a Filioque, inclito Paraclito: cui laus est et potestas, one with the Son, and the glorious Holy Spirit: to the lament of Jeremiah the prophet. single voice, that of a chorister boy, completing the per aeterna saecula. Amen. whom is praise and might through all ages. Amen. phrase; ‘even the death of the cross’. Compline in Passiontide © John Rowlands-Pritchard 2014 2. Deus in adiutorium ߄. Converte nos, Deus, salutaris noster. ݙ. Turn us, God of our salvation ĕ. Et averte iram tuam a nobis. ĕ. And may your anger cease from us.

6 7 :߄. Deus, in adiutorium meum intende. ݙ. God, make speed to save us. In te Domine speravi non confundar in aeternum: I have hope in you Lord, let me never be confounded ĕ. Domine, ad adiuvandum me festina. Gloria ĕ. Lord, make haste to help us. Glory to Father, Son in iustitia tua deliver me in your justice. Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto, Sicut erat in and to Holy Spirit; as it was in the beginning is now inclina ad me aurem tuam: accelera ut eruas me Bow down your ear to me: make haste to deliver me. principio, et nunc, et semper, et in saecula and shall be for ever. Amen. Praise to you, esto mihi in Deum protectorem: et in domum May you be to me a God, a protector, and a house of saeculorum. Amen. Laus tibi Domine, Lord; King of everlasting glory. refugii ut salvum me facias refuge, to save me. Rex aeterne gloriae. quoniam fortitudo mea et refugium meum es tu: et For you are my strength and my refuge; and for your propter nomen tuum deduces me et enutries me name’ s sake you wilt lead me, and nourish me. 3. Antiphon: Miserere - Psalms educes me de laqueo quem absconderunt mihi: You will from the snare, which they have hidden for Miserere Have mercy quoniam tu es protector meus me: for you are my protector. in manus tuas commendo spiritum meum: Into your hands I commend my spirit: you have Cum invocarem exaudivit me Deus iustitiae meae: The God of my justice heard me when I called on redemisti me Domine Deus veritatis redeemed me, O Lord God of truth. in tribulatione dilatasti mihi him: when I was in distress, you freed me. , et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto, Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, miserere mei: et exaudi orationem meam Have mercy on me: and hear my prayer. Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in As it was in the beginning is now and shall be forever. filii hominum usquequo gravi corde: ut quid O you sons of men, how long will you be heavy- saecula saeculorum. Amen. Amen. diligitis vanitatem et quaeritis mendacium hearted? Why do you love vanity, and seek after lying? et scitote quoniam mirificavit Dominus sanctum Know also that the Lord has made his holy one Qui habitat in aditorio Altissimi: in protectione He that lives with the help of the most High, shall suum: Dominus exaudiet cum clamavero ad eum wonderful: the Lord will hear me when I cry to him. Dei caeli commorabitur remain under the protection of the God of heaven. irascimini et nolite peccare quae dicitis in cordibus Be angry, and sin not: the things you say in your dicet Domino susceptor meus es tu et refugium He shall say to the Lord: You are my protector and my vestris: et in cubilibus vestris compungimini hearts, be sorry for them in your beds. meum: Deus meus sperabo in eum refuge: my God, in him will I trust. sacrificate sacrificium iustitiae et sperate in Offer the sacrifice of justice, and trust in the Lord: quoniam ipse liberavit me de laqueo venantium: et For he has delivered me from the snare of the hunters: Domino: multi dicunt quis ostendit nobis bona many say, Who shows us good things? a verbo aspero and from the sharp word. signatum est super nos lumen vultus tui Domine: The light of your countenance O Lord, is signed on us: scapulis suis obumbrabit tibi: et sub pennis He will overshadow you with his shoulders: and under dedisti laetitiam in corde meo you have given gladness in my heart. eius sperabis his wings you shall trust. a fructu frumenti vini et olei sui: multiplicati sunt By the fruit of their corn, their wine and oil, scuto circumdabit te veritas eius: non timebis a His truth shall compass you with a shield: you shall not in pace in idipsum: dormiam et requiescam they are multiplied. timore nocturno be afraid of the terror of the night. quoniam tu Domine singulariter in spe: constituisti me In peace - in that same - I will sleep, and I will rest: a sagitta volante in die a negotio perambulante in Of the arrow that flies in the day, of the trouble that Gloria Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto, For you, Lord, alone have established me in hope. tenebris: ab incursu et daemonio meridiano walks in the dark: of attack, or of the midday devil. Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, cadent a latere tuo mille et decem milia a dextris A thousand shall fall at your side, and ten thousand at saecula saeculorum. Amen. As it was in the beginning is now and shall be for tuis: ad te autem non appropinquabit your right hand: but it shall not come near you. ever. Amen. verumtamen oculis tuis considerabis: et Nevertheless you shall consider with your eyes: and

8 9 retributionem peccatorum videbis shall see the reward of the wicked. Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in as it was in the beginning is now and shall be for quoniam tu es Domine spes mea: Altissimum Because you Lord, are my hope: you have made the saecula saeculorum. Amen. ever. Amen posuisti refugium tuum most High your refuge. non accedet ad te malum: et flagellum non There shall no evil come to you: nor shall the scourge Antiphon: appropinquabit tabernaculo tuo come near your dwelling. Miserere mihi Domine: et exaudi orationem meam Have mercy on me Lord, and hear my prayer. quoniam angelis suis mandavit de te: ut custodiant For he has given his angels charge over you; to keep you te in omnibus viis tuis in all your ways. 4. Chapter: Tu in nobis es - Respond: In manus tuas in manibus portabunt te: ne forte offendas ad They shall bear you in their hands: lest you dash your Tu in nobis es Domine et nomen sanctum tuum You, O Lord, are in the midst of us and we are called lapidem pedem tuum foot against a stone. invocatum est super nos: ne derelinquas nos by your name; leave us not, O Lord our God. super aspidem et basiliscum ambulabis: et You shall walk upon the asp and the basilisk: and you Deus noster. conculcabis leonem et draconem shall trample under foot the lion and the dragon. ĕ. Deo gratias ĕ. Thanks be to God quoniam in me speravit liberabo eum: protegam Because he hoped in me I will deliver him: I will protect eum quoniam cognovit nomen meum him because he has known my name. Respond: In manus tuas clamavit ad me et ego exaudiam eum cum ipso sum He shall cry to me, and I will hear him: I am with him In manus tuas, Domine, commendo spiritum Lord, into your hands I commend my spirit: Lord God in tribulatione: eripiam eum et glorificabo eum in tribulation, I will deliver him, and I will glorify him. meum. Redemisti me Domine, Deus veritatis. of truth, you have redeemed me. longitudine dierum replebo eum: et ostendam illi I will fill him with length of days; and I will show him (Jeremiah 14.9) salutare meum my salvation. Gloria Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto, Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, 5. Hymn: Cultor dei memento Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in As it was in the beginning is now and shall be for ever. Cultor Dei memento te fontis et lavacri Worshipper of God, remember that you have saecula saeculorum. Amen. Amen. rorem subisse sanctum, te chrismate innovatum. experienced the holy baptism of the font and the Fac, cum vocante somno castum petis cubile, water, that you have been renewed with the oil of Ecce nunc benedicite Dominum: Behold now bless the Lord, all you servants of the Lord: frontem locumque cordis crucis figura signet. annointing. When you are called by sleep and seek omnes servi Domini Who stand in the house of the Lord, in the courts of Crux pellit omne crimen, fugiunt crucem tenebrae: your chaste bed, make the as a sign Qui statis in domo Domini: in atriis domus the house of our God. tali dicata signo mens fluctuare nescit. on your forehead and on the place of your heart. The Dei nostri At night lift up your hands to the holy places, and Procul, o procul vagantum portenta somniorum, cross drives out all blame; darkness flees the cross; by in noctibus extollite manus vestras in sancta: et bless the Lord. procul esto pervicaci praestigiator astu! so great a consecrated sign the spirit will not waver. benedicite Dominum May the Lord out of Sion bless you, he who made O tortuose serpens, qui mille per Maeandros Be far off, O far off you indistinct portents of dreams; benedicat te Dominus ex Sion: qui fecit caelum heaven and earth. fraudesque flexuosas agitas quieta corda, be far off you deceiver with stubborn cunning, you et terram Glory to the Father and to the Son and to the Discede, Christus hic est, hic Christus est, liquesce: twisting serpent, you who by a thousand twists and Gloria Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto, Holy Spirit; signum quod ipse nosti damnat tuam catervam. tortuous trickeries pursue the peaceful spirit. Depart,

10 11 Corpus licet fatiscens iaceat recline paullum, for Christ is here; here is Christ, now melt away; iudicii nos collocare digneris inter sanctos et electos in the day of judgment it may please you to place us Christum tamen sub ipso meditabimur sopore. the sign which in itself you know condemns your tuos, Rex benedicte. among the number of your saints and chosen ones, Gloria aeterno Patri, et Christo vero Regi : followers. Whilst the exhausted body allows itself a Rex benedicte, tuos per prospera dirige servos; inter King most blessed. Paraclitoque Sancto, et nunc et in perpetuum. little rest so that it can lie down, we will meditate on sanctos et electos tuos, Rex benedicte. King most blessed, we pray to you to prosper the way Amen Christ evenduring sleep itself. Glory to the eternal Ut tergant miseras pia per Ieiunia culpas, Rex of your servants, among the number of your saints Father and to Christ the true King; and to the Holy benedicte. and chosen ones, King most blessed. Spirit, now and for ever. Amen Atque colant pure solemnia mystica pasche; That by godly discipline we may wipe away our inter sanctos et electos tuos, Rex benedicte. grievous offences, King most blessed. 6. Versicle & Response: Custodi nos And so with a pure conscience we may duly keep ߄. Custodi nos Domine ut pupillam oculi ݙ. Keep me as the apple of your eye. the Paschal feast, among the number of your ĕ. sub umbra alarum tuarum protege nos. ĕ. Hide me under the shadow of your wings. saints and chosen ones, King most blessed.

7. Antiphon : O Rex gloriose – Canticle : 8. Preces – Collect – Benedicamus Nunc dimittis Kyrie eleison, Christe eleison, Kyrie eleison. Lord have Mercy, Christ have Mercy, Lord have Mercy O Rex : O King: Nunc dimittis servum tuum Domine: secundum Now Lord you dismiss your servant, in peace Pater noster secreto Our Father (said silently) .verbum tuum in pace according to your word. ߄. Et ne nos inducas in temptationem. ݙ. And lead us not into temptation Quia viderunt oculi mei: salutare tuum Because my eyes have seen your salvation. ĕ. Sed libera nos a malo. ĕ. But deliver us from evil. Quod parasti: ante faciem omnium populorum Which you have prepared before the face of .Lumen ad revelationem gentium: et gloriam plebis all peoples. ߄. In pace in idipsum ݙ. In peace, in that self-same tuae Israel A light for the revelation of the Gentiles, and the ĕ. Dormiam et requiescam. ĕ. I will lay down and rest. Gloria Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto, glory of your people Israel. (Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper, et in Glory to Father and to Son; and to the Holy Spirit. ߄. in Deum secreto ݙ. I believe in God (said silently saecula saeculorum. Amen. As it was in the beginning is now and shall be for ߄. Carnis resurrectionem ݙ. The resurrection of the body ever. Amen. ĕ. Et vitam aeternam. Amen. ĕ. And the life everlasting. Amen.

Antiphon: O Rex gloriose ߄. Benedicamus Patrem et Filium cum ݙ. Let us bless the Father with the Son, with the O Rex gloriose inter sanctos tuos, qui semper es O King, all glorious amid your saintly company, who Sancto Spiritu. Holy Spirit. laudabilis et tamen ineffabilis: tu in nobis es, shall be praised for ever yet are beyond all utterance: ĕ. Laudemus et superexaltemus eum in saecula. ĕ. Let us praise and abundantly exalt them forever. Domine, et nomen sanctum tuum invocatum est you Lord are in the midst of us, and we are called super nos: ne derelinquas nos, Deus noster: ut in die by your holy name. Leave us not Lord our God; that

12 13 .߄. Benedictus es Domine in firmamento caeli ݙ. Lord , you are blessed in the heavens ߄. Miserere nostri Domine. ݙ. O Lord, have mercy upon us ĕ. Et laudabilis et gloriosus et superexaltatus ĕ. Above all to be praised and glorified forever ĕ. Miserere nostri. ĕ. Have mercy upon us. in saecula. .߄. Benedicat et custodiat omnipotens et ݙ. The Almighty and merciful Lord preserve us, and ߄. Domine exaudi orationem meam. ݙ. Lord, hear my prayer misericors Dominus. give us his blessing. ĕ. Et clamor meus ad te veniat. ĕ. And let my cry come to you ĕ. Amen. ĕ. Amen. .߄. . ݙ. The Lord be with you Confiteor Deo omnipotenti, beatae Mariae, et I confess to God, to Blessed Mary, to all the saints, ĕ. Et cum spiritu tuo. ĕ. And with your spirit. omnibus Sanctis, quia peccavi nimis cogitatione, that I have sinned exceedingly: in thought, word, and verbo et opere: . Precor beatam Mariam deed, by my own fault. I beseech Holy Mary, all the Prayer et omnes Sanctos, orare pro me ad Dominum saints of God, to pray for me to the Lord our God ߄. : Illumina, quaesumus Domine Deus, ݙ. Let us pray. Lord God we ask you to lighten Deum nostrum. tenebras nostras; et totius noctis insidias tu a nobis our darkness, and be pleased to turn away all repelle propitius. Per Dominum nostrum Iesum dangers of the night from us. Through Jesus Misereatur nostri omnipotens Deus, et dimissis May almighty God have mercy upon us and forgive Christum Filium tuum, qui tecum vivit et regnat Christ your son, our Lord; who lives and peccatis nostris, perducat nos ad vitam aeternam. us all our sins, deliver us from all evil, and bring us to in unitate Spiritus Sancti Deus, per omnia rules with you and the Holy Spirit, one God .Amen everlasting life. Amen. saecula saeculorum. ߄Amen through all ages. ݙ. Amen

.Absolutionem, et remissionem peccatorum May the almighty and merciful Lord grant us pardon ߄. Dominus vobiscum ĕ Et cum spiritu tuo ݙ. The Lord be with you. ĕ. And with your spirit .nostrorum tríbuat nobis omnipotens et misericors and forgiveness of all our sins, Amen ߄. ĕ. Deo gratias ݙ. Let us bless the Lord. ĕ. Thanks be to God Dominus. Amen 9. Incipit lamentatio Ieremiae prophetae: Aleph ߄. Deus tu conversus vivificabis nos. ݙ. Will you not turn again and quicken us, O God ? Thomas Tallis ĕ Et plebs tua laetabitur in te. ĕ. That your people may rejoice in you. Incipit lamentatio Ieremiae prophetae. Here begins the Lamentation of the Prophet Jeremiah.

߄. Ostende nobis Domine misericordiam tuam. ݙ. O Lord, show your mercy upon us. Aleph. Quomodo sedet sola civitas plena populo: Aleph. How desolate lies the city that was once ĕ. Et salutare tuum da nobis. ĕ. And grant us your salvation. facta est quasi vidua domina gentium: princeps thronged with people; the one-time queen of nations provinciarum facta est sub tributo. has become as a widow; once a ruler of provinces, she .߄. Dignare Domine nocte ista. ݙ. Be pleased, O Lord. Beth. Plorans ploravit in nocte, et lacrimae eius in is now subject to others ĕ. Sine peccato nos custodire. ĕ. To keep us this night without sin. maxillis eius: non est qui consoletur eam ex Beth. By night she weeps in sorrow and tears run omnibus caris eius: omnes amici eius spreverunt down her cheeks; of all who love her, there’s none eam, et facti sunt ei inimici. to console her; all her friends have spurned her and

14 15 Ierusalem, Ierusalem, convertere ad Dominum have become her foes. 12. Respond: Tristis est anima mea Deum tuum. Jerusalem, Jerusalem, turn to the Lord, your God. Tristis est anima mea usque ad mortem: My soul is overwhelmed with sorrow to the sustinete hic, et vigilate mecum: point of death. 10. Respond: In monte Oliveti nunc videbitis turbam, quæ circumdabit me: Stay here and keep watch with me. In monte Oliveti oravit ad Patrem: On the Mount of Olives he prayed to his Father: Vos fugam capietis, et ego vadam immolari Now you shall see the crowd which will surround me. Pater si fieri potest transeat a me calix iste. “Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me. pro vobis. You will flee, and I shall go to be sacrificed for you. Spiritus quidem promptus est caro auterm infirma. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak. Let ߄. Ecce appropinquabit hora, et Filius hominis ݙ. Look, the hour has come, and the Son of Man is Fiat voluntas tua. your will be done.” tradetur in manus peccatorum. Vos fugam capietis, delivered into the hands of sinners. You will flee, and I .߄. Veruntamen non sicut ego volo, sed sicut tu vis. ݙ. Nevertheless, not as I will, but as you will. May et ego vadam immolari pro vobis. shall go to be sacrificed for you your will be done.

11. De lamentatio Ieremiae prophetae: Ghimel 13. Respond for Compline in Passiontide: Thomas Tallis In manus tuas I John Sheppard De lamentatione Ieremiae prophetae. From the Lamentation of the Prophet Jeremiah. In manus tuas, Domine, commendo spiritum Into your hands I commend my spirit: you have Ghimel. Migravit Iuda propter afflictionem, ac Ghimel. Judah has gone into exile because of her meum. Redemisti me Domine, Deus veritatis. redeemed me, O Lord God of truth. multitudinem servitutis: habitavit inter gentes, nec suffering and the burden of her servitude; she is invenit requiem. settled among the heathen and has found no rest. 14. The Litany after Lauds, Maundy Thursday Daleth. Omnes persecutores eius apprehenderunt Daleth. All her pursuers have captured her between Finita antiphona post psalmum Benedictus, duo (After the antiphon on Benedictus is finished, two eam inter angustias: [Viae Sion] lugent eo quod the straits; [the streets of Zion] mourn for there are clerici de secunda forma ante altare ad chorum clerics standing in front of the facing the choir non sint qui veniant ad solemnitatem: omnes none to attend her ceremonies; all her gates conversi, habitu non mutato, dicant tribus vicibus: sing three times): portae eius destructae, sacerdotes eius gementes: are ruined, her priests sigh and groan; her Kyrie eleison. Lord have mercy. virgines eius squalidae, et ipsa oppressa virgins are afflicted, and she is overwhelmed amaritudine. with bitterness. Deinde duo dyaconi de ij. forma, habitu non (After which two Deacons standing at the entrance to He. Facti sunt hostes eius in capite, inimici illius Heth. Her enemies are in the ascendant, her mutato, ante introitum chori stantes ad altare the choir facing the altar say): locupletati sunt: quia Dominus locutus est super adversaries prosper; for the Lord has passed conversi dicant: eam propter multitudinem iniquitatum eius: judgement on her for the multitude of her parvuli eius ducti sunt captivi ante faciem iniquities; her children are led captive before Domine miserere. Lord have mercy. tribulantis. the face of her oppressor. Chorus prosequatur: (And the choir follows on): Ierusalem, Ierusalem, convertere ad Dominum Jerusalem, Jerusalem, turn to the Lord, Christus Dominus factus est obediens: Christ the Lord became obedient, Deum tuum. your God. usque ad mortem. even to death.

16 17 Item duo clerici ante altare una vice dicant. (The same two clerics at the altar together say): Kyrie eleison. Lord have mercy. Christe eleison. Christ have mercy. Deinde diaconi ante introitum chori dicant. (The two Deacons standing at the entrance to the Postea duo seniores ante gradum chori stantes, habitu (After this two senior clerics standing at the choir step, Domine miserere. choir say): Lord have mercy. non mutato, ad altare conversi dicant versum: facing the altar say the verse): Qui passurus advenisti propter nos You, who came to suffer for us. Chorus prosequatur. (And the choir follows on): Christus Dominus factus est obediens: usque ad Christ the Lord became obedient, even to the point Item clerici ante altare dicant: (The two clerics at the altar together say): mortem… of death... Christe eleison. Christ have mercy. Quo finito unus puerulus cum sincera voce dicat hunc (When that is finished a single boy in his place in the Item seniores dicant versum: (The two seniors say the verse): versum ex parte chori ad altare conversus loco non choir, facing the altar, says this verse with all sincerity, Qui expansis in cruce manibus: traxisti omnia You, who with outstretched hands have drawn all mutato, hoc modo: ‘cum sincera voce’): ad te saecula. ages to yourself. Mortem autem crucis. even the death of the cross.

Item clerici ante altare dicant: (The two clerics at the altar together say): Christe eleison. Christ have mercy.

Item seniores dicant: (The two seniors say the verse): Qui prophetice prompsisti: ero mors tua o mors. Who by the prophet proclaimed: Death - I will be your death.

Item diaconi ante introitum chori dicant. (The two Deacons standing at the entrance Domine miserere. to the choir say): Lord have mercy.

Chorus prosequatur: (And the choir follows on): Christus Dominus factus est obediens: usque ad Christ the Lord became obedient, even to the point mortem. of death.

Item clerici ante altare tribus vicibus dicant. (The two clerics standing in front of the altar say three times):

18 19 TENEBRAE CONSORT NIGEL SHORT

Tenebrae Consort is an outstanding group of are directed by Nigel Short, who leads the group Award-winning conductor Nigel Short has built up To date, Nigel has conducted the London musicians, with singers hand-picked from the to music making of the highest quality. Focusing an enviable reputation for his recording and live Symphony Orchestra, the Chamber Orchestra award-winning chamber choir Tenebrae. Chosen on repertoire originally written for consort performance work with orchestras and ensembles of Europe, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the for their particular expertise in certain areas performance, particularly dedicated to the across the world. English Chamber Orchestra, the Aurora Orchestra, of repertoire, Tenebrae Consort demonstrates interpretation of early music, Tenebrae and for Baroque repertoire, the English Concert. the singers’ skills as soloists and highlights the Consort aims to shed new interpretative light A singer of great acclaim, Nigel was a member of He has directed the London Symphony Orchestra vocal quality of the individuals who make up on works through the combination of both the world-renowned vocal ensemble The King’s in a live recording of Fauré’s Requiem, which was the Tenebrae sound. Known for their instinctive passion and precision, creating an intimate Singers from 1994 – 2000. On leaving the group, he shortlisted in the choral category of the 2013 ensemble skills, the singers can perform alongside concert experience. formed Tenebrae, a virtuosic choir that embraced Gramophone Awards, having been described as small groups of leading instrumentalists, and his dedication to passion and precision. Combining “the very best Fauré Requiem on disc”. Since then, a large force of singers with the exactitude of a he has directed the orchestra, alongside Tenebrae, small ensemble, Tenebrae use movement, light and for a sold-out performance in St. Paul’s Cathedral, ambience to allow audiences to experience music London, as part of the City of London Festival. from a fresh perspective. Tenebrae is the first ever Mozart’s Requiem in D and Ave Verum Corpus were group to be nominated twice in the same category recorded with the Chamber Orchestra of Europe, for the BBC Music Magazine Awards, taking and he has conducted the Royal Philharmonic the Choral Award in 2012 for their recording of Orchestra for a disc of works by Paul Mealor. Victoria’s Requiem Mass, 1605. Under his direction and vision, Tenebrae has enjoyed collaborations Nigel has conducted recordings for many of the with orchestras and instrumentalists of various world’s major record labels including Deutsche musical genres, and now enjoys a reputation as one Grammophon, EMI Classics, Warner Classics, of the world’s leading choirs. Decca Records, LSO Live and Signum Records.

20 21 Tenebrae’s Recordings Singers Guy Cutting Nicholas Madden Bene Arte SIGCD900 (2014) Signum Classics SIGCD197 (2010) Richard Bannan Russian Treasures Poulenc Figure Humaine William Gaunt Signum Classics SIDCD344 (2013) Signum Classics SIGCD182 (2009) David Allsopp (Tallis and Sheppard) Victoria Tenebrae What Sweeter Music Nigel Short Artistic Director Signum Classics SIDCD316 (2013) LSO Live LSO0607 (2007) Special thanks to those who have contributed to the creation of this recording: Alexander Levine The Divine Liturgy of Handel Messiah Barbara Pollock St John Chrysostom John Rowlands-Pritchard LSO Live LSO0606 (2007) William Gaunt Deutsche Grammophon DG4790841 (2013) Berlioz L’enfance du Christ Aoife Daly Gesualdo Tenebrae Responsories and Signum Classics SIGCD085 (2006) Music Productions Ltd. Victoria Lamentations for Allegri Miserere Signum Classics Signum Classics SIGCD298 (2012) Gabriel Crouch Will Todd The Call of Wisdom Signum Classics SIGCD078 (2006) Joby Talbot Path of Miracles Recorded at All Hallows Church, Oak, London on 24-25 October 2013 LSO Live LSO0728 (2012) Producers: Andrew Mellor and Nigel Short Fauré Requiem and Bach Partitas Warner Classics 2564 60191-2 (2004) Engineer/Mastering: Andrew Mellor Mozart Requiem Assistant Engineer: Claire Hay Signum Classics SIGCD248 (2011) Editors: Claire Hay and Andrew Mellor Victoria Requiem Mass 1605 Signum Classics SIGCD054 (2005) Rachmaninoff Vespers Design and Artwork: Woven Design Decca 4764814 (2011) Signum Classics SIGCD501 (2003) www.wovendesign.co.uk Paul Mealor A Tender Light Mother and Child Photography: Chris O’Donovan Signum Classics SIGCD267 (2011) (Including pieces by Tavener, Dove, Bennett and Pott) www.chrisodonovan.com Songs of Farewell Signum Classics SIGCD046 (2002) © 2014 Tenebrae Records Ltd. Signum Classics SIGCD212 (2010) The Dream of Herod P 2014 Tenebrae Records Ltd. Alexander Levine Prayers for Mankind (Music for Advent and )

22 23 Tenebrae Nigel Short

Russian Treasures Victoria: Tenebrae Responsories Bene Arte SIGCD900 (2014) Signum Classics SIGCD344 (2013)

“Tenebrae is current master of the Russian Sound” “This Victoria recording is the most nuanced and Classic FM telling available” 5 stars for Performance and Recording BBC Music Magazine

www.tenebrae-choir.com