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Lithodes Nintokuae Sakai: a Deep-Water King Crab (Crustacea, Anomura, Lithodidae) Newly Recorded from Hawaii!

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Lithodes Nintokuae Sakai: a Deep-Water King Crab (Crustacea, Anomura, Lithodidae) Newly Recorded from Hawaii! Pacific Science (1985), vol. 39, no. 1 © 1985 by the University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Lithodes nintokuae Sakai: A Deep-water King Crab (Crustacea, Anomura, Lithodidae) Newly Recorded from Hawaii! E. W. DAWSON 2 AND J. C. YALDWYN 3 ABSTRACT: Lithodes nintokuae, previously known from five specimens from the Emperor Seamount Chain, northwest ofMidway Islands, is redescribed from abundant material taken at a series of localities along the Midway/Hawaiian Islands Ridge. Its recorded depth range is 450 to 1070 m. Rostral and carapace characters place it in the"L. tropicalis group" ofthe genus Lithodes. Features are given which differentiate it from the five other members of this group. IN 1967 THE NATIONAL MARINE Fisheries Ser­ off Midway Islands as L. couesi Benedict. In vice (NMFS) began a survey of the deep­ his description of L. nintokuae, Sakai (1978) water shrimp resources of the Hawaiian questioned this identification, considering Islands (Struhsaker and Aasted 1974, Schlais that these specimens might also belong to his 1982). Large numbers ofthe caridean shrimps new species. This material was examined by Heterocarpus ensifer Milne Edwards and H. J.C. Yaldwyn with Masatsune Takeda at the laevigatus Bate were taken in trawls and traps National Science Museum, Tokyo, in 1979. in sufficient quantity to indicate a potential It was agreed that Sakai's supposition was commercial fishery. Two lithodid crabs taken correct. during trapping trials were forwarded to us in Subsequently, Robert B. Moffitt of the 1972 by the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, NMFS Honolulu Laboratory told us that he Honolulu, for identification. It was clear that had several specimens of Lithodes nintokuae these crabs then represented an undescribed from off the Midway Islands and sent us color species of the genus Lithodes. transparencies for examination. There was During 1976 and 1977 Japanese fisheries little doubt that these were additional records surveys along the Emperor Seamount Chain, of this new Pacific lithodid. Yaldwyn later lying to the northwest of Midway Islands visited the Honolulu Laboratory and exam­ (Figure 1), produced an interesting series of ined many other specimens of L. nintokuae decapod Crustacea including five specimens that had been collected along the Hawaiian of a lithodid crab later described by Sakai Ridge. Moffitt's Midway specimens were not (1978) as Lithodes nintokuae. available at that time. Attempts to include both Lithodesnin­ The Hawaiian specimens provide an oppor­ tokuae and our new species from Hawaii in a tunity for a more detailed description of the key to the genus Lithodes, which we had been morphology of Lithodes nintokuae than that preparing, led to the realization that they were given by Sakai. Those characters that dis­ conspecific. tinguish it from other species of the genus are Some years earlier, Takeda (1974) had particularly emphasized. This has enabled us identified three specimens ofa Lithodes taken to complete a key to Lithodes which will allow during Japanese commercial fishing activities identification of members of this genus on a worldwide basis (Dawson and Yaldwyn, in press). I Manuscript accepted 28 September 1984. 2 New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Division of ABBREVIATIONS USED: BPBM (Bernice P. Marine and Freshwater Science, DSIR, P.O. Box 12-346, Wellington North, New Zealand. Bishop Museum, Honolulu); CL (carapace 3National Museum of New Zealand, Private Bag, length-orbit to midpoint of posterior Wellington, New Zealand. carapace margin); NMFS (National Oceanic 16 FIGURE 1. Map of northern Pacific Ocean showing Emperor Seamount Chain and Midway/Hawaiian Islands Ridge, based on Pacific Ocean Floor, National Geographic Society, 1969. Stars indicate records ofLithodes nintokuae Sakai. 18 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 39, January 1985 and Atmospheric Administration, National TC 79-05, Stn. 6, String 3, 20°02' N, Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries 156°02.I'W, shrimp trap, 622m, off Hawaii Center, Honolulu Laboratory); NSMT (Na­ Island, 9 December 1979, NMFS, I male CL tional Science Museum, Tokyo); TC (R/V 45.5mm. Townsend Cromwell). Shrimp traps, 548-640 m, offKaena Point, Oahu, 10-11 March 1981, trawler Easy Rider Too, 10 males CL 39-82mm, 12 females CL 39.5-87mm (4 ovig. 62-80.5mm). SYSTEMATICS Shrimp traps, 457-567 m, W of Kawaihae, ORDER DECAPODA Hawaii Island, 30-31 March 1981, trawler SUBORDER REPTANTIA Easy Rider Too, I male CL48.5 mm, 3 females SECTION PAGURIDEA FAMILY LITHODIDAE CL 56-79mm (2 ovig. 70.5-79.5mm). GENUS Lithodes Latreille, 1806 TC 81-04, Stn. 110, String I, 24°1O.4'N, 167°07.7' W, shrimp trap, 757 m, St. Rogatien Lithodes Latreille, 1806: 39 Bank, Hawaiian Islands, 20 August 1981, NMFS, 1 male CL 52 mm. Lithodes, Yaldwyn & Dawson, 1970:276 (generic syn.) OTHER MATERIAL: Known specimens of this species not examined by the authors: Lithodes nintokuae Sakai, 1978 42°20' N, 170°50' E, 800 + m, N ofNintoku Seamount, 20 July-September 1977, Keikyu­ Figure 2-4 maru No. 26, Hamaya Marine Product Co., I Lithodes couesi Takeda, 1974: 206-207, pI. male CL 116mm (holotype), I female (allo­ 1 fig. 2, pI. 3 figs. 3-4. (NON L. couesi type), I male I female (paratypes); see Sakai Beriedict, 1894). (1978: 13). Lithodes nintokuae Sakai, 1978: 13-14, figs. 41°10'N, 1700 35'E,crabpot, 1070-1055m, 24-25, pI. IV figs. A-B. Nintoku Seamount, 20 August 1977, Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, I Material Examined male (paratype); see Sakai (1978: 13). Shrimp traps, c. 695 m, off Midway Island, Thirty-eight specimens as follows: TC Sept.IOct. 1980, trawler Easy Rider Too, 3 52-107, 21°23'N, 158°l4'W, bottom trap, males CL 50-92mm, I female CL 86 mm,jide 823 m, off NW Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, R. B. Moffitt (color transparencies only 16-17 March 1971, P. Struhsaker, NMFS, examined). Honolulu, R/V Townsend Cromwell, 1 male CL 59 mm (BPBM S 7995). Study specimen Diagnosis Figures 2, 4. TC 54-10, 2l 0 33'N, 158°20'W, trap, A medium-sized, relatively smooth Litho­ 658 m, near Kaena Point, Oahu, 7 September des with prominent lateral spines anteriorly, 1971, NMFS, I ovig. female CL 80mm (BPBM and with scattered tubercles and low spines, SI0618). Study specimen Figure 3. four of which are enlarged, on the branchial 32°03.8'N, 172°50.2'E, 695-820m, NW of regions of the carapace; two pairs of gastric Midway Island, early 1970s, Nippon Suisan and two pairs of cardiac spines; rostrum Kaisha Ltd., I male CL 105mm, I ovig. conspicuous, straight, terminally bifid, with female CL 115 mm, I female CL 63 mm a pair oflateral spines; legs long and coarsely (NSMT Cr. 4150); see Takeda 1974. spined. TC 79-03, Stn. 49, String 2, 23°49.5' N, 166°26.8'W, shrimp trap, 702m, French Fri­ Description gate Shoals, Hawaiian Islands, 26 July 1979, NMFS, I male CL 58 mm, 4 ovig. females CL Rostrum (Figure 2A, B) relatively long 68-8l.5mm. and narrow, uniformly inclined dorsally E I JOmm I A-D I 5mm , E 2 FIGURE 2. Lithodes nintokuae Sakai, off Oahu, Hawaii. A-E, male CL 59fnm. A, carapace, chelipeds, right walking legs, dorsal view; B, carapace, left lateral view; C, 2nd abdominal segment, posterior view; D, 3rd-5th abdominal segments, ventral view; E, right external orbital spine, basal antennal segment with reduced scaphocerite, dorsal view. A-D to same scale, E to different scale, as indicated. 20 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 39, January 1985 3 A !) '} -.(). ;i 30mm, ~ ~ A-C .......... r : .' .' .:_~ij.'. FIGURE 3. Lithodes nintokuae Sakai, off Oahu, Hawaii. A-C, female CL 80 mm. A, carapace, dorsal view; B, 2nd abdominal segment, posterior view; C, 3rd-5th abdominal segments, ventral view. region with two pairs of distinct, but not strong, spines; anterior pair usually smaller than posterior pair, sometimes virtually sup­ pressed. Posterior gastric pair of spines sub­ equal in size to posterior cardiac pair. Intes­ tinal region with one pair of low spines. Dorsal branchial region with numerous uni­ formly distributed small tubercles, sometimes pointed, at least four of which are enlarged FIGURE 4. Lithodes nintokuae Sakai, off Oahu, Hawaii. and grouped in a distinct pattern, one at level Male CL 59 mm. Hand of right cheliped, outer surface. ofsecond walking leg, a diagonal pair at level ofthird walking leg, and a single spine between and about a quarter of carapace length this pair and midline of carapace. Lateral in medium-sized specimens (proportionately margin ofcarapace with strong external orbital longer in smaller specimens); terminally nar­ spine extending anteriorly beyond the eyestalk; rowly bifid, armed with a single pair oflateral one strong gastric spine anteriorly with One or spines situated at about the proximal third of two, or no, small gastric spines separating it its length; basal spine of rostrum strong and from a strong, hepatic spine; about 10 to 14 slightly curved dorsally; no secondary spines lateral marginal spines ofwhich the three most dorsally or laterally. anterior increase in size posteriorly and are Carapace (Figures 2A, 3A) with regions more strongly developed than the irregularly clearly delineated. Gastric region with two spaced and sized posterior series. pairs of distinct, but not strong, spines; ante­ Abdomen with first segment almost ob­ rior pair usually somewhat larger than pos­ scured by carapace but with a pair of median terior pair; smaller spines may be present posterior tubercles visible in both dorsal (Fig­ between major pairs and in midline. Cardiac ure 2A) and posterior (Figures 2e, 3B upper Lithodes nintokuae Sakai-DAwSON AND YALDWYN 21 edge) view.
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