Historical Review
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HISTORICAL REVIEW ILY 1958 Glasgow, Missouri, by Cornelia A. Kuemmel Published Quarterly By The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri heretofore organized under the laws of this State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R. S. of Mo., 1949, Chapter 183. OFFICERS 1956-1959 RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau, President L. E. MEADOR, Springfield, First Vice-President WILLIAM L. BRADSHAW, Columbia, Second Vice-President *ROBEKT S. WITHERS, Liberty, Third Vice-President GEORGE FULLER GREEN, Kansas City, Fourth Vice-President PORTER FISHER, New London, Fifth Vice-President T. H. B. DUNNEGAN, Bolivar, Sixth Vice-President R. B. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Columbia, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society ALLEN MCREYNOLDS, Carthage L. M. WHITE, Mexico GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City G. L. ZWICK, St. Joseph E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1958 CHESTER A. BRADLEY, Kansas City FRANK L. MOTT, Columbia RAY V. DENSLOW, Trenton GEORGE H. SCRUTON, Sedalia ALFRED O. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis JAMES TODD, Moberly ROBERT S. GREEN, Mexico T. BALLARD WATTERS, Marshfield Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1959 F. C. BARNHILL, Marshall STEPHEN B. HUNTER, Cape Girardeau FRANK P. BRIGGS, Macon RALPH P. JOHNSON, Osceola HENRY A. BUNDSCHU, Independence ROY D. WILLIAMS, Boonville W. C. HEWITT, Shelbyville GEORGE C. WILLSON, St. Louis Term Expires at Annual Meeting, I960 RALPH P. BIEBER, St. Louis LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville BARTLETT BODER, St. Joseph ISRAEL A. SMITH, Independence L. E. MEADOR, Springfield JACK STAPLETON, Stanberry JOSEPH H. MOORE, Charleston HENRY C. THOMPSON, Bonne Terre EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-nine Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and President of the University of Missouri constitute the Executive Committee. FINANCE COMMITTEE Five members of the Executive Committee appointed by the President of the Society at each annual meeting of the Executive Committee constitute the Finance Committee. E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville, Chairman GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City ELMER ELLIS, Columbia L. M. WHITE, Mexico T. BALLARD WATTERS, Marshfield *Deceased The Missouri Historical Review FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER DONALD H. WELSH Editor Assistant Editor Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI VOL. 52 JULY 1958 NO. 4 CONTENTS Page MISSOURI'S PROGRAM FOR HIGHWAY HISTORIC MARKING, 1955-1957. PART II. Directed by Floyd C. Shoemaker. Inscriptions by Ruby M. Robins. .301 PIKE COUNTY. By Floyd C. Shoemaker 313 TOURISTS' IMPRESSIONS OF ST. LOUIS, 1766-1859. PART I. By William E. Lass 325 RECOLLECTIONS OF WHITE OAK COLLEGE. By Maud Bell Burton 339 VIGNETTES OF FAMOUS MISSOURIANS. By Dorothy J. Caldwell 344 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS 352 MISSOURI HISTORY NOT FOUND IN TEXTBOOKS 388 MARK TWAIN HOME AND MUSEUM Verso Back Cover THE CIRCUS Back Cover THE COVER: Cornelia A. Kuemmel taught painting and drawing at Lewis (April 2, 1863-September 9, 1938) was College and Pritchett College, Glasgow, born in St. Louis but lived in Glasgow Miss Kuemmel made no effort to almost all her life. While attending sell her paintings and died unacclaimed, the St. Louis School of Fine Arts, she leaving 320 finished items as the best won a scholarship for study in Paris of her work. In 1944 the Society ac- but refused it, returning to Glasgow to quired Glasgow, Missouri, probably devote her life to painting. During the painted in the late 1880's. 1880's, 1890's, and early 1900's she The Missouri Historical Review is published quarterly at 2601 Industrial Drive, Jefferson City, Missouri. Communications should be mailed to that address or to The State Historical Society of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. The Review is sent free to all members of the State Historical Society of Missouri. Membership dues in the Society are $1.00 a year or $20 for a life membership. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office at Jefferson City, Missouri, under an act of August 24, 1912. MORE COMMENTS ON THE SOCIETY AND THE REVIEW The Review continues in its sustained uniformity and consistency of interest.—w. F. CARPENTER, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. I would be lost without the Missouri Historical Review.—GEOBGE C. MARQUIS, Independence. We do enjoy learning about our state and wish to compliment the ones making this information possible for us and doing it so nicely.—ME. AND MRS. EMIL RAUHUT, Kansas City. It is with pleasant anticipation that we look forward to receiving each issue of the Review. You have proven that history can be presented in a most interesting, informa tive, and beautiful manner.—THOMAS F. NORVELL, St. Louis. I would hate to miss one copy.—MRS. WILLIAM MCDONALD, Kansas City, Kansas. I enjoyed the January Review very much and am looking forward to the April copy.—MICHAEL PRICE, Columbia. I appreciate the privilege of being a member of The State Historical Society. Thank you for the Review.—MRS. MARY WHITWORTH, St. Ann. I enjoy the magazine very much. It is of much value in teaching social studies.— SILVIA COPELAND, Jenkins. Last year I did a lot of traveling around Missouri, and I certainly want to con gratulate you on the fine historical marking job you have been doing.—ORVILLE SPREEN, St. Louis. Please accept my sincere thanks for your comprehensive letter of August 12th giving me information regarding the railroad promotion history of Missouri.—JOHN R. WALKER, Washington, D. C Your work in stirring up historical interest in Missouri is phenomenal.—c. MOFFETT MOORE, Memphis, Tennessee. I just want to tell how splendid a job you are doing with the State Historical Society and particularly with the magazine. It is a magnificient job.—EDWIN MOSS WILLIAMS, Cincinnati, Ohio. I would like you to know how much I appreciate my membership in The State Historical Society and how much I enjoy the Missouri Historical Review.—BOB MC- QUIE, St. Louis. We really enjoy the Missouri Historical Review.—VIRGINIA JOPLIN, Caruthersville. I am so pleased with our Society and the magazine.—FAY K. MOORE, Palmyra. The Missouri Historical Review is a honey. We read it from cover to cover upon its arrival.—o. E. KAISER, Clayton. Allow me to express my pleasure in, and appreciation for, the excellent Review published by the Society.—RALPH C. THOMASON, Aledo, Illinois. You are doing a splendid work. Your magazine is simply superb.—HINKLE STATLER, Cape Girardeau. I am filing the copies of the Missouri Historical Review, hoping that some time my children or grandchildren who live in Missouri may find joy in reading them.— MRS. H. J. KNOCH, Cameron. MISSOURI'S PROGRAM FOR HIGHWAY HISTORIC MARKING, 1955-1957 DIRECTED BY FLOYD C SHOEMAKER* INSCRIPTIONS BY RUBY M. ROBINS** PART II Under Missouri's highway historic marker program, organized in 1951, the State Historical Society of Missouri selects the site to be marked, buys the marker, and supplies the inscription, while the State Highway Commission selects and prepares a location for the marker, installs it, and maintains both the marker and the location. The first series of articles on the marker program appeared in the January, April, and July, 1955, issues of the Review and the second series in the April, July, and October, 1957, issues. These articles reported the history and organization of Missouri's program and also reproduced the inscriptions on the 52 markers completed by the close of 1955. Markers completed during 1955-1957 are: Bagnell Dam, Bowling Green, Canton, Caruthersville, Doniphan, Edina, Eminence, Fredericktown, Galena, Glasgow, Kennett, Keytesville, Kingston, Lamar, Lancaster, Marble Hill, Maryville, Moberly, Montgomery County, New London, Richmond, Rock Port, Salem, Sedalia, Troy, Warrensburg, Warsaw, and Washington. The inscriptions on the first seven of these markers were published in the April Review, and this installment carries the inscriptions of seven more. Carried at the bottom of each side of the marker, but not re produced here, is the information, "Erected by State Historical Society and State Highway Commission, 1957." A line is used here to separate the two sides of the inscription. *Floyd C. Shoemaker, B.A., M.A., LL.D., University of Missouri, secretary and librarian of the State Historical Society and editor of the Missouri Historical Review. **Ruby MJ Robins, B.A., M.A., University of Maryland; formerly taught at Montgomery Blair Senior High School, Silver Springs, Md.; now research associate at the State Historical Society of Missouri. 301 302 Missouri Historical Review FREDERICKTOWN Here in the southern extent of Missouri's historic southeast Lead Belt, Fredericktown was laid out on Saline Creek, 1819, by State legislator Nathaniel Cook. Commissioners T. F. Tong, Joseph Bennett, James Dotson, John Burditt, and Henry Whitener chose it as the seat of Madison County, organized, 1818. The town name, according to a tradition, is for pioneer George Frederick Bollinger, and the county name honors the U. S. President. Historical continuity in the area begins with 1715 when La Mothe Cadillac, French Gov. of Louisiana, seeking silver, found lead at nearby Mine La Motte. Philip Renault opened the mine, 1723, and transient miners oper ated there throughout the 1700's. First permanent settlement be gan in 1799 when French-Cana dians founded St. Michael, now a part of Fredericktown, on a Spanish grant, and Americans took up land in the county. The Battle of Frederick- town, a Civil War engagement, occurred near here, Oct. 21, 1861. Some 2,000 pro-Southern State Guards led by Col. M. m Jeff Thompson, attempting to Massie—Mo. Res. Div. get control of Southeast Mo., Ruins of Silver Mine on St. Francis River were defeated by 4,500 Union troops under Col.