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Reconnaissance Geology of the Submerged and Emerged Coastal L?Lain Province, Cape Lookout Area, North Carolina

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Reconnaissance Geology of the Submerged and Emerged Coastal L?Lain Province, Cape Lookout Area, North Carolina Reconnaissance Geology of the Submerged and Emerged Coastal l?lain Province, Cape Lookout Area, North Carolina GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 859 Reconnaissance Geology of the Submerged and Emerged Coastal Plain Province, Cape Lookout Area, North Carolina By ROBERT B. MIXON and ORRIN H. PILKEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 859 Description of the geomorphology:~ lithology:~ stratigraphy:~ sedimentary facies:~ fossils, and depositional environments of the latest Tertiary and the Quaternary deposits of the Cape Lookout area UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR THOMAS S. KLEPPE, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Mixon, Robert B Reconnaissance geology of the submerged and emerged Coastal Plain province, Cape Lookout area, North Caro- lina. (Geological survey professional paper 859) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt. of Docs no.: I 19.16:859 1. Geology-North Carolina-Cape Lookout region. 2. Coasts-North Carolina-Cape Lookout region. I. PH- key, 0. H., 1934- joint author. II. Title: Reconnaissance geology of the submerged and emerged Coastal Plain province . III. Series: United States. Geological Survey. Professional paper ; 859. QE148.C36M59 557.56'197 75-619240 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington D.C. 20402 Stock Number 024-001-02753-4 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract ---------------------------------------- 1 Stratigraphy and geomorphology-Continued Introduction ______ ---_ ----____ ---______ ---------- 1 Upper Wisconsinan and Holocene (?) calcareous Location and geography ---------------------- 2 shelf deposits ------------------------------ 26 Scope --------------------------------------- 2 Oolitic calcarenite ------------------------ 26 Field methods -------------------------------- 3 Allgal limestone and calcareous sandstone ---- 27 Alcknowledgrnents ---------------------------- 3 Coquina --------------------------------- 27 General geology ---------------------------------­ 3 Upper Pleistocene to Holocene shelf sand and Pre-Quaternary deposits ---------------------­ 3 mud -------------------------------------- 28 Quaternary deposits -------------------------­ 4 Holocene deposits ----------------------------- 31 Emerged Coastal Plain -------------------­ 4 Outer Banks barrier deposits -------------- 31 Submerged Coastal Plain -----------------­ 6 Backbarrier deposits ---------------------- 31 Stratigraphy and geomorphology ------------------- 7 Cape Lookout sand ------------------------ 34 Yorktown Formation ------------------------­ 7 Continental Slope deposits ------------------ 34 Flanner Beach Formation of DuBar and Latest Tertiary and Quaternary geologic history ----- 35 Solliday (1963) (restricted) ----------------­ 8 Yorktown transgressive-regressive sequence ------ 35 Newport sand member -------------------­ 9 Flanner Beach progradational sequence --------- 35 Alrapahoe sand member and Minnesott sand __ 11 Formation of the Grantsboro scarp ------------- 36 Beard Creek member --------------------- 16 Deposition of the Core Creek sand and Minnesott Sangamon ( ?) to Wisconsinan coastal and sand -------------------------------------- 36 fluvial deposits ----------------------------­ 18 Core Creek-Atlantic-Cedar Island progradational Core Creek sand ------------------------­ 18 sequence ---------------------------------- 37 Altlantic, Cedar Island, and North Bay sands_ 20 Pleistocene Continental Shelf. sedimentation ----- 37 Bogue sand -----------------------------­ 25 Holocene sedimentation ----------------------- 38 Beaufort sand ---------------------------­ 25 References cited ---------------------------------- 38 Neuse River terrace deposits --------------- 26 Index ------------------------------------------- 43 ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE 1. Geologic map and cross sections of the submerged and emerged Coastal Plain province, Cape Lookout area, North Carolina ________________________________________________________________________ --_In pocket 2'. Generalized cross section from New Bern to Cape Lookout showing thickness and distribution of major post-Lower Cretaceous time-stratigraphic units _____________________________________________ In pocket FIGURE 1. Map of southeastern North Carolina showing location of study area and its relationship to Pamlico Sound and the Onslow and Raleigh Bay shelf segments----------------------------------------------- 2 2. Sketch map showing distribution of Stephenson's terrace formations in east-central North Carolina ---- 5 3. Aerial photograph showing surface features of Newport barrier, Carteret County, N.C -------------- 10 4. Generalized contour map showing configuration of base of Quaternary deposits ---------------------- 12 5. Sketch map showing late Pleistocene shoreline trends, Pamlico Sound region, North Carolina ---------- 14 6. Cross sections of Minnesott Ridge near Alrapahoe, N.C --------------------------------------------- 15 7. Section of Flanner Beach Formation of DuBar and Solliday ( 1963) and underlying deposits in auger hole at Flanner Beach, Craven County, N.C -------------------------------------------------- 17 8. Section of Core Creek sand and uppermost part of Yorktown Formation in auger hole north of Core Creek, Carteret County, N.C _______________________________________________________________ ----_ --_ 19 9. Aleria! photograph showing beach ridges and Carolina Bays of the Atlantic barrier ------------------- 21 1{). Aerial photograph showing surface features of the North Bay and Cedar Island barriers ------------ 22 11. Sketch map showing relationship between wind directions and the Altlantic and Cedar Island-North Bay barriers ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 12. Sketch map showing trends of sand ridges on the submerged shelf, Cape Lookout area ------------ 29 13. Alpollo 9 photographs showing the distribution of sus.pended sediment in Cape Lookout region, North Carolina ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 III IV CONTENTS TABLES Page TABLE 1. Fauna of Pleistocene fossil localities ___________ - ------------------------------------------------- 11 2. Radiocarbon ages ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25 RECONNAISSANCE GEOLOGY O·F THE SUBMERGED AND EMERGED COASTAL PLAIN PROVINCE. CAPE LOOKOUT AREA. NORTH CAROLINA By RoBERT B. MIXON and ORRIN H. PILKEY 1 ABSTRACT and its associated shoals are not related to structural arching of the underlying beds. Surficial deposits of the submerged and emerged parts of the Coastal Plain province in the Cape Lookout area, North A contour map on the base of the Quaternary deposits shows Carolina, consist mainly of terrigenous sand, silt, and clay of a shallow linear depression in the youngest Tertiary strata Quaternary age which almost completely mantle more con­ which diverges from the present course of the Neuse River solidated Pliocene strata of the Yorktown Formation. Cal­ near Flanner Beach and trends south-southeast between the careous deposits composed largely of skeletal calcirudites and Pleistocene Newport and Arapahoe barriers toward the pres­ calcarenites and oolitic calcarenites, probably late Pleistocene ent-day Cape Lookout. The filled depression appears to be a to Holocene in age, are present on the shelf southwest of Pleistocene course of the Neuse River; the association of the Cape Lookout. A narrow band of algal limestone and cal­ ancestral Neuse River with an ancestral Cape Lookout sup­ careous quartz sandstone is exposed along the shelf break. ports Hoyt and Henry's hypothesis that capes along the south­ Abundant ooliths and a displaced fossil faunal assemblage, eastern coast of the United States coincide with river mouths which includes intertidal, inlet, and inner-shelf species, indi­ and result from the reworking, by transgressing seas, of deltas cate that the Quaternary Continental Shelf sediments are of deposited on the shallow inner shelf during low stands of the shallow-water origin. Sediments underlying the emerged Coastal sea. Plain were deposited mainly in barrier, backbarrier, and very nearshore marine environments. INTRODUCTION Trends of sand ridges on the Onslow and Raleigh Bay shelf segments suggest that these ridges are constructional features The geologic map (pl. 1) resulting from this study formed subaqueously on the shelf floor during the latter part combines and synthesizes geologic information of the Holocene transgression by storm-generated waves and across the shoreline separating the submerged At­ currents. The ridges are almost certainly being modified to­ day. Shelf-edge features such as the terrace and the paired lantic Continental Shelf and the emerged Coastal ridge and trough in the southeastern part of the map area Plain to the W·est. To accomplish this, a morpho­ were probably formed by a combination of erosion and bio­ stratigraphic mapping technique similar to that hermal accumulation during a lower stand of the sea. The described by Frye and Willman (1962) was used most prominent landforms on the mainland are Pleistocene where pos1sible. Different aspects of this technique barriers (with associated relict beach ridges and Carolina Bays) and backbarrier flats. are emphasized in the submerged and emerged parts The down-to the-coast steplike topography of the subaerial of the map area, but nonetheless some degree of con­ barriers and
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