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CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT & HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE WWW.CFE-DMHA.ORG
COVID-19 FHA Decision Support Tool UPDATED 5 JUNE 2020
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List of Countries and U.S. Territories in USINDOPACOM AOR
Notes: Text updated since last version highlighted in yellow For quick access to each section place cursor over section and press Ctrl + Click This COVID-19 FHA DST is published Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays Table of Contents
AMERICAN SAMOA (U.S.) ...... 3 AUSTRALIA ...... 5 BANGLADESH ...... 7 BHUTAN ...... 12 BRUNEI ...... 15 CAMBODIA ...... 17 CHINA ...... 20 COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS (U.S.) ...... 23 FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA ...... 26 FIJI ...... 28 FRENCH POLYNESIA (Fr.) ...... 32 GUAM (U.S.) ...... 35 INDIA ...... 37 INDONESIA ...... 42 JAPAN ...... 49 KIRIBATI ...... 53 LAOS ...... 55 MALAYSIA ...... 58 MALDIVES ...... 62 MONGOLIA ...... 65 MYANMAR / BURMA ...... 67 NAURU ...... 73 NEPAL ...... 75 NEW CALEDONIA (Fr.) ...... 80 NEW ZEALAND ...... 82
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NORTH KOREA / DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA ...... 84 PALAU ...... 87 PAPUA NEW GUINEA ...... 89 PHILIPPINES ...... 93 REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS ...... 98 SAMOA ...... 100 SINGAPORE ...... 103 SOLOMON ISLANDS ...... 106 SOUTH KOREA ...... 108 SRI LANKA ...... 111 TAIWAN / REPUBLIC OF CHINA ...... 114 THAILAND ...... 117 TIMOR-LESTE ...... 120 TONGA ...... 123 TUVALU ...... 125 VANUATU ...... 127 VIETNAM...... 131 General Planning Considerations ...... 134
Product Summary: One of CFE-DM's contributions to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) information sharing efforts is providing this Decision Support Tool (DST) to enhance the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command’s (USINDOPACOM) planning capabilities for potential Foreign Humanitarian Assistance (FHA) in a COVID-19 environment. The process of developing the DST can be described as a successive layering of data until a snapshot of the current state of a country is presented for planning considerations in a complex environment. Each country’s 2-page DST presents information on COVID-19 cases and the affected nation’s response and planning, integrated with humanitarian community response and recent disaster response and risk affecting the country. All countries and U.S. territories in the USINDOPACOM AOR are included. Sections are updated daily.
Contact Information: For further information and for how to be added to the distribution list, please contact Dr. Alberto "Mo" Morales, Branch Chief, Applied Research and Information Sharing (ARIS) Branch, Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DM), at: [email protected]
Requests for Information: In response to this unprecedented global crisis, CFE-DM is actively engaged in supporting operational response planning and providing relevant and timely information to our civilian and military partners. Please use the form available at the CFE-DM website (https://www.cfe-dmha.org/) to send requests for information to the CFE-DM Director at: [email protected] CFE-DM will respond to requests for information within 18 hours.
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AMERICAN SAMOA (U.S.) Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Planning Considerations Affected State Measures/Access Information Resources Case Trend As of 5 June 2020, Recovering from recent measles American Samoa Government (ASG) issued American Samoa COVID: 1 American Samoa has outbreak; ended March 9. a revised ‘Continued Public Health https://www.americansamoa.gov/covid- Emergency and State of Emergency for 19-advisories Public health emergency declared in no confirmed COVID- Covid-19’ on 1 May.3 19 cases. mid-November for measles, sparking a Department of Health (DOH): vaccination campaign. Travel Restrictions: https://www.facebook.com/asdoh.hotline/
All Hawaiian Airline and Samoa Air flights Closure of schools, public gatherings American Samoa government: are suspended. Travelers from affected and entry restrictions put in place for https://www.americansamoa.gov/?page=h foreign countries will be quarantined the measles outbreak may assist in omeland automatically and travelers from affected mitigating spread of COVID-19. U.S. states will be subject to screening and Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan: possible quarantine. All travelers entering https://www.american Cyclones common December-March. https://www.wsspc.org/wp- will be tested and negative tests will permit content/uploads/2016/07/AmericanSamoa samoa.gov/covid-19- International airport at Pago Pago. 4 entry. _mitigationplan15-20.pdf advisories ; The population is roughly 49,437 (July https://coronavirus.jhu.ed USG approved a major disaster declaration WHO American Samoa: 2020 est.)2 u/map.html for American Samoa, allowing the territory https://www.who.int/americansamoa to receive federal funds.5
Disaster risk: American Samoa is vulnerable to natural hazards such as cyclones, earthquakes, tsunami, flooding, drought, and wildfires.6
National organization response In March, American Samoa's governor Lolo Matalasi Moliga established a 21-member COVID-19 government taskforce.7 An Emergency Operations Center has also been activated to coordinate response.8 According to the American Samoa Government (ASG) the COVID-19 risk level in the territory is: “CODE BLUE Minimal social disruption with an emphasis on social distancing, hygiene, and cough etiquette.”9 A three- tier threat level matrix has been designed, with “Blue level” being the lowest risk level, “Yellow level” indicating medium risk, and “red level” indicating high risk. American Samoa’s COVID-19 Response and Action Plan can be found here: https://6fe16cc8-c42f-411f- 9950-4abb1763c703.filesusr.com/ugd/4bfff9_8201b0412f8d4e9ea6f32116ee883b29.pdf The Department of Health (DOH) has the responsibility to isolate, monitor and care for infected patients.10 The DOH is authorized to quarantine and isolate individuals for 14 days without notice per the Governor’s emergency declaration.11 In early April, a Coast Guard C-130 brought the first federal government shipment of personal protective equipment (PPE) and other supplies from the Strategic National Stockpile, first brought by U.S. Air Force plane to
1 https://6fe16cc8-c42f-411f-9950-4abb1763c703.filesusr.com/ugd/4bfff9_1199b0a229ea45d2b25d4eda6c869d50.pdf 2 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aq.html 3 https://6fe16cc8-c42f-411f-9950-4abb1763c703.filesusr.com/ugd/4bfff9_54e0ecfd113444029f54b7ebbcc92972.pdf ; https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/415660/american-samoa-extends-covid-state-of-emergency 4 https://6fe16cc8-c42f-411f-9950-4abb1763c703.filesusr.com/ugd/4bfff9_54e0ecfd113444029f54b7ebbcc92972.pdf 5 https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trump-approves-american-samoa-disaster-declaration-2/ 6 https://www.eastwestcenter.org/system/tdf/private/pacificrisa-americansamoa.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=34978 7 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/411472/american-samoa-establishes-covid-19-govt-taskforce 8 https://6fe16cc8-c42f-411f-9950-4abb1763c703.filesusr.com/ugd/4bfff9_c87185122f6241ae8dfb0263d1d66656.pdf 9 https://6fe16cc8-c42f-411f-9950-4abb1763c703.filesusr.com/ugd/4bfff9_18609abb0377405580285eea4f864991.pdf 10 https://6fe16cc8-c42f-411f-9950-4abb1763c703.filesusr.com/ugd/4bfff9_8201b0412f8d4e9ea6f32116ee883b29.pdf 11 https://6fe16cc8-c42f-411f-9950-4abb1763c703.filesusr.com/ugd/4bfff9_c87185122f6241ae8dfb0263d1d66656.pdf
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Hickam Air Field, before making its way to the territory. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) coordinated this first shipment, which included respirators. A second shipment is expected to be sent.1213 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the territory’s primary partner for disease prevention.14 A CDC team was sent to assist for the recent measles outbreak. FEMA announced that federal emergency aid has been made available to supplement local recovery efforts in the affected areas beginning on Jan. 20, 2020 and continuing.15 FEMA has granted an award of $1,200,749.98 in federal funding to the American Samoa Power Authority (ASPA) for a replacement project resulting from the destruction of the Satala Operations Building from the 2009 tsunami. ASPA is the public utility providing electricity, water, wastewater and solid waste service and has responsibility for American Samoa's public utility infrastructure16 The US government has provided $US1.6 million in funding for emergency repairs for the ferry MV Manu'atele, which was damaged by a storm in January. The ferry provides one of the main links between the capital and the Manu'a islands for transporting goods and people. The ferry will be repaired in Hawai'i.17
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) Through the COVID-19 Pacific Joint Incident Management Team (JIMT), WHO is coordinating with partners to assist readiness in the Pacific. WHO completed the “COVID-19 Pacific Health Sector Support Plan – Phase 2,” which details the shift in preparedness measures in the Pacific.18
Country-specific planning considerations Quarantine Centers: ASG discussing possible use of hotels, as well as gymnasiums at Tafuna High and Tafuna Elementary as facilities that could accommodate 50- 80 people if needed.19
Health: Health conditions are described as generally good. The leading causes of death include heart diseases, cancers, and diseases of the respiratory system. Life expectancy is in the low 70s for men and low 80s for women, somewhat higher than regional averages.20 The weekend of 25-26 April, 1100 test kits and 1000 swabs arrived, increasing the capacity to test locally for COVID-19. There were just under 200 kits remaining from a previous shipment. As of 26 April, 23 local tests had been conducted by the Department of Health, all with negative results. The department is only testing those showing with Covid-19 symptoms.21
Hospitals: American Samoa’s total healthcare service delivery infrastructure includes one acute care hospital (Lyndon Baines Johnson Tropical Medical Center) with only 132 beds (inclusive of the 8 COVID-19 dedicated beds) and four district health clinics with an already exceeded operating capacity and does not have the physical capacity to appropriately respond to pandemics. They have been given the ability to conduct tests on island with the new testing machine, the total number of test kits on hand is insufficient.22
Security: No significant security incidents to report. Return to TOC
12 https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/emergency-preparedness/coast-guard-air-force-fema-ensure-delivery-of-medical-supplies-to-american- samoa/ 13 https://www.samoanews.com/local-news/airlift-person-protective-equipment-ppe-arrives-american-samoa 14 https://reliefweb.int/report/american-samoa/interior-provides-490000-help-prevent-measles-outbreak-and-support-vaccination 15 https://www.kitv.com/story/42021839/fema-american-samoa-to-receive-federal-assistance-amid-growing-pandemic 16 https://reliefweb.int/report/american-samoa/amata-welcomes-12-million-fema-tsunami-grant-aspa 17 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/414911/us-govt-redirects-funding-to-repair-ferry-in-american-samoa 18 https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/wpro---documents/dps/outbreaks-and-emergencies/covid-19/covid-19-joint-external-situation-report- 12.pdf?sfvrsn=ac350bc1_2 19 https://www.samoanews.com/local-news/covid-19-task-force-unclear-use-ths-gym-quarantine 20 https://www.britannica.com/place/American-Samoa 21 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/415227/american-samoa-not-planning-random-covid-19-testing-yet 22 https://6fe16cc8-c42f-411f-9950-4abb1763c703.filesusr.com/ugd/4bfff9_54e0ecfd113444029f54b7ebbcc92972.pdf
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AUSTRALIA Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Considerations Affected Information State Resources Measures/ Access As of 30 April, Australian On 27 Australian Australia COVID-19 Total Case Trend citizens & permanent February Government residents cannot travel 2020, the Department of Home 7,300 overseas (specific online Affairs Guidance: Prime Minister exceptions via applications). https://covid19.homeaff announced 7,250 You can travel to Australia airs.gov.au/ only if you are an Australian the activation 7,200 citizen, a permanent of the Australian resident, an immediate ‘Australian Department of Health: 7,150 family member of an Health Sector https://www.health.gov. Australian citizen or au Emergency 7,100 permanent resident, or a Response Plan Flight and Movement New Zealand citizen residing for Novel Restrictions: 7,050 in Australia. Mandatory 14- Coronavirus https://www.health.gov. day quarantine at au/news/health- 7,000 (COVID-19)’ designated facilities in port alerts/novel-coronavirus- of arrival for all arriving 2019-ncov-health- travelers. To transit through alert/coronavirus-covid- 102 Deaths – 7,251 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN Australia, you must hold a 19-advice-for-travellers valid VISA or be from an https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html ; eligible country to travel https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 23 without a VISA.
Disaster Risk The INFORM Global Risk Index’s overall ranking for Australia is 140 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) for disasters and humanitarian crises.24 Australia has experienced a number of large scale and devastating natural disasters, including bushfires, flooding, storms, and other hazards.25 Additionally, INFORM has a new COVID-19 Risk Index, which identifies “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Australia is in the “low” COVID risk class, based on its COVID risk of 2.1 on a scale of 1-10 (10 indicating highest risk).26
National organization response for disaster: The Department of Home Affairs is the branch of the Australian Government responsible for, among other things, emergency management including crisis management and disaster recovery.27 Emergency Management Australia (EMA) is responsible for delivering programs, policies, and services that strengthen Australia's national security and emergency management capability. EMA is a division of the department of Home Affairs, and they are directed by the National Strategy for Disaster Resilience.28 EMA coordinates physical and financial support
23 https://covid19.homeaffairs.gov.au/ 24 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 25 http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/hazards 26 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic 27 https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/about-us/who-we-are 28 https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/about-us/our-portfolios/emergency-management/emergency-response-plans
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during a disaster and coordinates Australian Government disaster assistance to states and territories and coordinates state and territory emergency response capabilities to disasters overseas if requested by DFAT. Managing emergencies across Australia is largely the responsibility of state and territory governments, and local governments also play a significant role. State and territory governments have arrangements with each other to share resources when necessary. During major disasters, a state or territory government may seek federal assistance. However, it is uncommon for a disaster to be so large that it is beyond the capacity of a state or territory government to deal with effectively.29
National organization response: The Australian Government’s response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was to develop a response plan. This response is being guided by the Australian Health Sector Emergency Response Plan for Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19 Plan) (www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/australian-health-sector-emergency- response-plan-for-novel-coronavirus-covid-19.) The COVID-19 Plan is designed to support and help coordinate government health agencies. State and territory governments have primary responsibility for health matters. State and territory governments work together with the Australian Government during major health events. The key committee used to coordinate this and make key decisions is the Australian Health Protection Principal Committee (AHPPC). AHPPC is made up of the Chief Health Officers of each state and territory, the Australian Government’s Chief Medical Officer and representatives from other key departments. It meets daily to assess risk, recommend public health actions, and provide national leadership to inform the response.30 Australia has two official government apps to stay up to date with official information and advice about the COVID-19) situation. They are the Coronavirus Australia app and the Australian Government WhatsApp channel for COVID- 19. Australian Government Department of Health website: https://www.health.gov.au/
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The Australian Red Cross is responding by supporting pandemic preparedness, emergency operations and emergency health services. This includes daily wellbeing calls, providing psychological first aid, information and services to vulnerable people across the country in quarantine and self-isolation. The Red Cross launched COVID CONNECT, a nationwide telephone outreach service. They also have migration support programs, meal services, and provide health and safety messages for COVID-19.31
Country-specific planning considerations Health Facilities: The health system was expanded to meet potential increased demand to include opening new respiratory clinics, expanding emergency departments, and increasing the availability of general hospital beds in public and private hospitals. Australia has a capacity of 7,000 ICU beds32 and has 3.8 hospital beds per 1,000 people;33 2.5 beds per 1,000 are in the public hospitals and 1.4 beds per 1,000 are available in private hospitals. There are 693 public hospitals and 657 private hospitals.34 Security: In New South Wales, a nurse was assaulted after boarding a train while wearing scrubs, for suspicion of spreading COVID-19. Medical workers are being encouraged not to wear medical outfits in public as a result of increasing hostility. The Australian Defence Force (ADF) has begun assisting state and territory governments with personnel, supporting the NT Police with border control operations, contact tracing efforts and quarantine, producing surgical masks, and planning/logistics support.35Australia has seen a significant increase in COVID-19 themed cyberattacks amid the pandemic and released a new threat report.36 Return to TOC
29 https://knowledge.aidr.org.au/media/2153/nationalstrategyfordisasterresilience.pdf 30 https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/australian-health-sector-emergency-response-plan-for-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-short-form 31 https://www.redcross.org.au/stories/covid-19/our-response-to-coronavirus-covid-19 32 https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/impact-of-covid-19-in-australia-ensuring-the-health-system-can-respond 33 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.BEDS.ZS?locations=AU 34 https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/hospitals/hospitals-at-a-glance-2017-18/contents/hospital-resources-and-diversity 35 https://www.pm.gov.au/media/update-coronavirus-measures-270320 36 https://www.cyber.gov.au/threats/threat-update-covid-19-malicious-cyber-activity
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BANGLADESH Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Resources Considerations Measures/Acce ss TC Amphan made landfall in Bangladesh phasing Bangladesh Red Crescent Society Bangladesh COVID-19 Total Case Trend southwestern Bangladesh 20 out lockdown with a (BDRCS) Updates 65,000 May with a Category 2 partial reopening http://www.bdrcs.org/news/corona- Landfall Classification.37 from 31 May to 15 virus-covid-19-situation-update
June.40 55,000 First COVID-19 death in Cyclone Emergency Preparedness
Rohingya camps on 2 JUN.38 https://www.humanitarianresponse.in Daily curfew 6pm- First COVID-19 case in fo/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.i 45,000 6am.41 nfo/files/documents/files/cyclone_em Rohingya camps reported 14 ergency_preparedness_update_- May. Humanitarian access Humanitarian access 35,000 _march_2020.pdf has been severely restricted to Rohingya refugee to the crowded camps.39 camps in Cox’s Bazar Inter Sector Coordination Group 25,000 reduced 80%, https://data.humdata.org/dataset/isc Some 859,000 Rohingya live g-4w-influx-cox-s-bazar-bangladesh severely impacting in 34 camps in Cox’s Bazaar. 42 15,000 critical services. Humanitarian Coordination Task Govt of BGD has internet Team Contingency Plan for Restrictions to blackout and phone Climate Disasters in COVID-19 5,000 UN/NGOs working in restrictions in camps. Context, 17 May 2020: Rohingya camps; https://www.humanitarianresponse.in Several instances of social essential staff only fo/fr/operations/bangladesh/docume unrest and violence against Country has nt/hctt-contingency-plan-2020- aid workers. climate-related-disasters-covid-19 811 Deaths – 60,391 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN inadequate testing https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html May is a high risk month for only 240 per Institute of Epidemiology, Disease https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 Tropical Cyclones. million.43 Control and Research http://www.iedcr.gov.bd/
SPECIAL SECTION – Tropical Cyclone (TC) Amphan: On 20 MAY, TC Amphan reached Bangladesh, with 2.4 million people evacuated ahead of the storm. As of 26 MAY, at least 25 people were reported killed and an estimated 10 million people affected.44 According to preliminary reports, 330,000 houses were damaged, including 55,600 destroyed in the worst affected areas. At least 100,000 people were displaced, who are currently staying on embankments and with friends or relatives. Satkhira, Khulna, Barguna, and Patuakhali districts were most severely affected, with up to 1.2 million people highly affected in those four districts alone. Widespread flooding has damaged at least 150 km of embankments, destroying farmland, paddy, fish and shrimp farms, and other crops. The Government is working with humanitarian partners to respond to immediate humanitarian needs.45 Salt water intrusion will likely effect livelihoods in long term.46 The Rohingya refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar were not in the storm’s direct path, with initial reports indicating minimal damage, with 300 shelters sustaining damage, 60 shelters fully destroyed, flooding, and small landslides, but
37 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/adam_ts_1000667_17_20200520090008-converted.pdf 38 https://www.india.com/news/world/bangladesh-records-first-covid-19-death-in-rohingya-refugee-camp-4047124/ 39 https://www.dhakatribune.com/health/coronavirus/2020/05/14/2-rohingya-refugees-test-covid-19-positive-in-cox-s-bazar 40 https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2020/05/27/bangladesh-leaving-lockdown-as-offices-public-transports-to-reopen-from-may-31 41 https://bd.usembassy.gov/travel-health-alert-u-s-embassy-dhaka-bangladesh/ 42 https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/28/bangladesh-covid-19-aid-limits-imperil-rohingya# 43 https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/the-covid-19-catastrophe-in-bangladesh/ 44 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/cyclone-amphan-leaves-trail-destruction-bangladesh-india-200521035745307.html 45 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ROAP_Snapshot_200526.pdf 46 https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/asia-pacific/card/yIePaudh2A/
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no casualties or deaths reported as of 21 MAY.47 GoB, NGO, partners, and UNICEF have implemented preparedness measures across the Rohingya camps and host communities, prepositioned supplies and strengthened critical infrastructure.48 The 300 refugees on the island of Bhasan Char, an already vulnerable location, were not evacuated.49
Bangladesh COVID-19 Forecast Historical Events: Major events: 30000 April 1991: Cyclone Gorky (Marian), left 139,000 people dead.
25000 Nov 2007: Cyclone Sidr, left 4,234 dead and affected 8.9 million
20000 Recent events: July 2019: Heavy rains, floods, 15000 landslides. 119 dead, 7.3 million affected.
10000 May 2019: Tropical Cyclone FANI left 17 dead and 13,000 houses damaged. y = 68.42 5000 May 2009: Cyclone Aila hit southern Bangladesh. 190 people dead and 3,935,341 affected. 0 PACOM Response: April 1991: Cyclone Gorky (Marian).
3/8/2020 4/1/2020 4/7/2020 5/1/2020 5/7/2020 6/6/2020 7/6/2020 8/5/2020 (Operation Sea Angel).
3/14/2020 3/20/2020 3/26/2020 4/13/2020 4/19/2020 4/25/2020 5/13/2020 5/19/2020 5/25/2020 5/31/2020 6/12/2020 6/18/2020 6/24/2020 6/30/2020 7/12/2020 7/18/2020 7/24/2020 7/30/2020 8/11/2020 8/17/2020 New Cases Forecast November 2007: Cyclone Sidr. Lower Forecast Range Upper Forecast Range (Operation Sea Angel II).
Projections: Bangladesh's standard deviation (std.) for new cases is 577.35 indicating Bangladesh's curve remains unstable. Bangladesh needs to experience at least 14-days of new cases below the std. of 577 to crest their curve and begin flattening. Bangladesh is not projected to exhaust their medical capabilities during this curve or subsequent spikes. Bangladesh decided not to extend their lockdown. Their re-spike is not expected to grow faster than their initial wave and is not expected to exceed their largest spike by double. The projection is any spike will plateau and carry on longer that the previous wave.
Disaster Risk: The INFORM Global Risk Index’s overall ranking for Bangladesh is 22 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) for natural disasters and humanitarian crises. INFORM also has a new COVID-19 Risk Index, which identifies “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Bangladesh is assessed as being in the High COVID risk class, based on a COVID risk of 5.2 on a scale of 1-10, where 10 indicates the highest risk. 50 Bangladesh has two Tropical Cyclone seasons; March – July and September – December. The majority of storms arrive in May and October marking this month at high risk for TCs and prompting preparations from government and humanitarian response.51 With aid drastically impaired by humanitarian access reduced 80% since COVID-19 outbreak, humanitarian groups warn this monsoon season could be particularly dangerous.52
47 https://reports.unocha.org/en/country/asia-pacific/card/yIePaudh2A/ 48https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNICEF%20Bangladesh%20Situation%20Report%20No.%201%20%28Cyclone%20Amphan%20%29%20-%2020%20May%202020.pdf 49 https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/bangladesh-cyclone-endangers-rohingya-silt-island 50 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/inform-covid-analysis-v01 51 https://bd.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/local-resources-of-u-s-citizens/living-in-bangladesh/tropical-cyclones/ 52 https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2020/05/07/coronavirus-humanitarian-aid- response?utm_source=The+New+Humanitarian&utm_campaign=4014b09a5b- EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_05_7_2020_DAILY&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d842d98289-4014b09a5b-75574133#philippines
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National organization response: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) is working with Armed Forces Division, UN Bodies, International, National & Local NGOs to deliver coordinated assistance. MOHFW Rohingya dashboard: http://103.247.238.81/webportal/pages/controlroom_rohingya.php Despite a continuing increase in COVID-19 cases, the government will phase Bangladesh out of lockdown with a partial reopening from 31 May to 15 June. Offices and other workplaces will be allowed to operate in this period while public transit system will run in a reduced capacity and subject to health directives. Educational institutions, however, will remain closed, with online classes continuing for now.53 Bangladesh saw the highest single- day increase in COVID-19 cases on 28 May with 2,029 new cases.54 Bangladesh had previously extended its nationwide lockdown to 30 May from the original 16 May date due to the continued rise in COVID-19 cases. The country’s lockdown began 26 March with the first detection of the virus and fatalities.55 There are also significant concerns over the health of front-line workers. At least 554 medical doctors,56 and 854 police officers have been diagnosed with COVID-19.57 Workers in garment factories which produced 84% of the country’s exports reopen despite lockdown in cramped conditions with no PPE raising serious health concerns that crowds could cause new vectors of the virus.58 The coronavirus has led factories to furlough or lay off more than half of the country’s nearly 4.1 million garment workers, according to estimates from the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA).59 Myanmar Refugee Relief Operation (MRRO) distributed 90,918 pre-monsoon kits in Cox’s Bazar camps.60 On 11 May, the U.S. donated 1,000 KN95 surgical masks, 800 pieces of 200-milliliter bottles of hand sanitizer, 500 pairs of surgical gloves, 300 hazardous materials (HAZMAT) suits, 100 protective masks, and 50 medical goggles, all of which were sourced locally from Bangladeshi companies.61
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The Inter Sector Coordination Group (USCG) partners are preparing for Tropical cyclone season in Bangladesh, specifically equipping Cox’s Bazar District by stockpiling emergency items, water purification tables, tie- down kits to ensure rapid access to support to the Rohingya and host communities. The cyclone response plan builds on past year efforts but could be compounded by the existing humanitarian issues, limited resources and lack of emergency relocation and the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.62 As of 19 May, IOM is constructing new a 250-bed capacity Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Isolation and Treatment Centre (SARI ITC) which will contribute to the larger target agreed upon by the lead actors of the humanitarian community, IOM, UNICEF and UNHCR. Triage areas in the 35 primary care facilities IOM supports along with three isolation and treatment centers, and a 93-unit contact-tracing quarantine center large enough to accommodate 465 is nearing completion. IOM is also setting up much needed oxygen provisions as a common pipeline service for treatment facilities supporting both its own and partners. Through 24-hour hotlines and Interactive Voice Response (IVR) technology, IOM continues to respond despite operational challenges, providing life- saving information while dispelling harmful rumors and misinformation having reached more than 20,000 calls over the last weeks.63 On 24 March, the Government of Bangladesh suspended non-essential activities in all 34 Rohingya refugee camps in Cox's Bazar. All shops and markets in the camps are closed and site management staff have been reduced by
53 https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2020/05/27/bangladesh-leaving-lockdown-as-offices-public-transports-to-reopen-from-may-31 54 https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/blob/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_global.csv 55 https://nenow.in/neighbour/bangladesh/covid-19-bangladesh-to-extend-lockdown-to-may-30.html 56 https://tbsnews.net/coronavirus-chronicle/covid-19-bangladesh/second-doctor-dies-covid-19-bangladesh-76843 57 https://apnews.com/37685e242282a0b3ca9de6124cef67ee 58 https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/may/11/bangladesh-garment-factories-reopen-despite-coronavirus-threat-to-workers 59 https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/coronavirus-asia-asean-live-updates-by-country/ 60 http://www.bdrcs.org/sites/default/files/Reports/20200428_SitRep05_BDRCS.pdf 61 https://www.bangladeshpost.net/posts/us-donates-ppe-to-bangladesh-fire-service-33150 62https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/joint_humanitarian_community_press_release_o n_cyclone_preparedness_04052020_english_final.pdf 63 https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/super-cyclone-amphan-approaches-iom-ramps-covid-19-response-coxs-bazar
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50%. The humanitarian community began preparing to have around 1,050 beds ready in May. The biggest needs in the event of a COVID outbreak in the refugee camps would be ICUs and ventilators. Bangladesh Red Crescent Society (BDRCS) operations for COVID-19 support including disinfectant spraying at 262 hospitals, hosting psychosocial support calls from COVID-19 patients struggling with fear/worry, distributing bottles of water, setting up handwashing stations in 64 districts and arranging for financial and human resource mobilization for imminent cyclone season preparations. BDRCS volunteers are also assisting with temperature checking, disinfectant spraying and social distance monitoring activities at 61 prisons.64 The Resident Coordinator (RC) leads the UN Country Team by coordinating overall UN development assistance to Bangladesh, with the support of the UNDP.65 The UN Country Team is prioritizing gender-based violence in COVID-19 affected areas and working with the government to provide food assistance to those in the informal economy hit hardest by lockdown.66 UNHCR has arranged the shipment of 820,000 face masks for use by frontline health workers in Cox’s Bazar, as of 15 MAY.67 The Humanitarian Coordination Task Team (HCTT) is an operational-level coordination platform for the government, national and international actors working on disaster preparedness and response in Bangladesh. The HCTT falls under the Disaster and Emergency Response (DER) working group in the Local Consultative Group Mechanism (LCG) – a key structure through which the government engages with development partners.68 The HCTT Contingency Plan 2020 for Climate-Related Disasters in the COVID-19 Pandemic Context identifies 25 districts it anticipates would be severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and related mitigation measures, encompassing 15.4 million households across Barisal, Chittagong (Chattogram), Khulna, Rangpur, Dhaka, Rajshahi, Mymensingh, and Sylhet Divisions.69 The Inter-Sector Coordination Group (ISCG) is the coordination mechanism for the international humanitarian response focused specifically on the Rohingya refugee situation in Cox’s Bazar. The ISCG structure is available at: https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/bangladesh/inter-sector-coordination
Country-specific planning considerations Displaced Persons: The first COVID-19 fatality in Rohingya refugee camps was reported 2 JUN. The 71-year old man who died had been treated at a Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) hospital’s isolation center. At least 29 Rohingya refugees have tested positive for COVID-19,70 and there are 798 confirmed cases in the larger Cox’s Bazar community.71 Roads to three districts in the camps have been blocked by authorities, quarantining some 15,000 Rohingya, with two of the isolated areas in Kutupalong camp.72 The camps are located in the Cox’s Bazar District, which has 435 COVID-19 cases, as of 27 MAY.73 As of 24 MAY, ISCG-coordinated humanitarian efforts in Cox’s Bazar include inauguration of two of the first Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Isolation and Treatment Centres (SARI ITCs), 18,830 Bangladeshi households in Ukhiya and Teknaf receiving unconditional cash grants to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on their livelihoods, and 8,464 hand-washing stations installed in public places in the camps as well as at 80 entry points to the camps.74 The first COVID-19 case in the Rohingya camps was reported 14 May, following which teams were activated to treat the patients and trace any contacts that may have encountered those who tested positive.75 A fire in Camp-1 on 12 MAY damaged 674 houses and injured 6 people, with BRDCS providing assistance.76 Families of up to a dozen share small shelters.77 Aid in camps is severely limited, since the RRRC reduced
64 http://www.bdrcs.org/sites/default/files/Reports/20200428_SitRep05_BDRCS.pdf 65 https://www.bd.undp.org/content/bangladesh/en/home/about-us/undp-and-the-un.html 66 https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1062552 67 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/76630.pdf 68 https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/sites/www.humanitarianresponse.info/files/documents/files/bgd_bkgd_emerg-resp-plan_2014_0.pdf 69 p. 13, https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/fr/operations/bangladesh/document/hctt-contingency-plan-2020-climate-related-disasters-covid-19 70 https://bdnews24.com/rohingya/2020/06/02/bangladesh-reports-first-virus-death-in-rohingya-refugee-camp 71 Accessed 2 June 2020. http://www.iedcr.gov.bd/ 72 https://www.thejakartapost.com/seasia/2020/05/26/15000-rohingya-under-coronavirus-quarantine-as-cases-hit-29.html 73 http://www.iedcr.gov.bd/ 74 https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/covid-19-preparedness-and-response-rohingya-refugee-camps-and-host-communities-2 75 https://apnews.com/f6ad74d1c0dcfb784b5a245e762e3b3e 76 http://www.bdrcs.org/sites/default/files/Reports/20200519_SitRep7_BDRCS_COVID19.pdf 77 https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/live-blog/2020-05-14-coronavirus-news-n1206776/ncrd1206966#liveBlogHeader
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humanitarian aid staff by 80% on 8 APR to try to avoid a COVID-19 outbreak, which aid workers said severely impacted the ability to provide critical services such as food, water, hygiene, vaccines, and sanitation.78 CXB hosts 859,000 Rohingya refugee (34 camps, 2 of which host Bangladesh Military Barracks). An internet ban in the Rohingya refugee camps is a growing concern, impeding information sharing. Rohingya women and girls are especially vulnerable in an outbreak as gender norms affect their ability to reduce risks.79 On 7 MAY, a second boat carrying up to 280 refugees was rescued by Bangladesh and transported to Bhasan Char. On 2 MAY, UNHCR was informed that a group of 29 refugees who had disembarked from a boat that was stranded at sea were transferred to Bhasan Char, a silt island that emerged in 2006 in the Bay of Bengal, which Rohingya refugees have been refusing to relocate to.80 Per a 20 MAY report, Rohingya on Bhasan Char say there is limited health care and food. Some claim they were beaten during interrogations,81 which Bangladesh refutes as “baseless.”82 On 15 MAY, the UN Secretary-General called on Bangladesh to move the refugees to the camps following their two-week quarantine period.83 At least 1,000 Rohingya remain stranded at sea as of 15 MAY.84 Dozens of refugees have died85 after embarking on the perilous sea voyage from Bangladesh to try to reach Malaysia, which has previously refused to let refugees land.86
Health: With the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases steadily increasing, experts anticipate infections may peak in the next two weeks, per the BDRCS’ 19 May report.87 Since reporting its first COVID-19 cases on 8 MAR, Bangladesh saw a record number 1,773 new confirmed COVID-19 cases in a single day on 21 MAY, with the next highest being 1,617 new cases on 20 May and 1,602 new cases on 18 May.88 More than 300 people have been affected by measles since February 2020 in Sajek, Rangamati, in the southeastern Chittagong Hill Tracts. Start Fund Bangladesh gave GBP 60,000 (73,757 USD) for measles response. Per a needs assessment by Ashika Development Associates, Dumdummya in Jurachari upazila (sub-district) and other nearby areas that have chronic illnesses and food insecurity are also highly vulnerable to measles.89 Bangladesh has 18,880 beds across 472 facilities (Upazila/sub-district level); 27,053 across 126 facilities at the secondary and tertiary level; 45,485 beds across 2,983 registered private hospitals. There are less than 2,000 ventilators for population of 165 million, according to Save the Children. Age groups most affected by COVID-19: 21- 30 years of age (26% of cases), 31-40 years (24%), 41-50 years (18%), 51-60 years (13%), 11-20 years tied with over 60 years (8% each), followed lastly by under 10 years (comprising 3% of cases.)90
Prisons: Prisons are at over 200% capacity, raising fears of COVID-19 transmission in the prison population. Tensions projected to increase. 2,329 prisoners set to be freed in response to outbreak.91
Security: In the wake of TC Ampham, an anti-Muslim social media post sparked attacks against a Hindu-owned shop thought to be responsible, injuring 10 people.92 There is a history of attacks, including on aid workers and ambulances, by host and refugee communities in Cox's Bazar.93 In Dhaka’s Tejgaon area, more than 100 residents in March protested a COVID-19 hospital and attacked construction workers.94 Return to TOC
78 https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/28/bangladesh-covid-19-aid-limits-imperil-rohingya# 79 https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/bangladesh/document/covid-19-outbreak-rapid-gender-analysis 80 https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2020/05/07/coronavirus-humanitarian-aid-response?utm_source=The+New+Humanitarian&utm_campaign=4014b09a5b- EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_05_7_2020_DAILY&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d842d98289-4014b09a5b-75574133#philippines 81 https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/20/bangladesh-cyclone-endangers-rohingya-silt-island 82 https://news.yahoo.com/bangladesh-slams-claims-security-forces-beat-rohingya-refugees-172618426.html 83 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/guterres-asks-bangladesh-move-rohingya-refugee-camps-200518010948998.html 84 https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/world/at-least-1-000-rohingya-stuck-at-sea-says-amnesty-international-85537 85 https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2020/04/16/Bangladesh-Rohingya-boat-rescued 86 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-rohingya-idUSKBN22F0QA 87 http://www.bdrcs.org/sites/default/files/Reports/20200519_SitRep7_BDRCS_COVID19.pdf 88 https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/blob/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_global.csv 89 https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/bangladesh-measels-outbreak-rangamati-briefing-note-23-may-2020 90 http://www.bdrcs.org/sites/default/files/Reports/20200428_SitRep05_BDRCS.pdf 91 https://tbsnews.net/coronavirus-chronicle/covid-19-bangladesh/2329-prisoners-be-freed-over-covid-19-outbreak-79330 92 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/cyclone.pdf 93 http://insecurityinsight.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Bulletin-2-Aid-Security-and-COVID-19-.pdf 94 https://www.newagebd.net/article/103337/protests-halt-coronavirus-hospital-construction
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BHUTAN Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Considerations Measures/Access Resources
International borders All international borders Border restrictions: Bhutan COVID-19 Total Case Trend closed closed 23 March. http://www.ddm.gov.bt/
50 No e-visa for persons Nearly all international Visa restrictions: 45 40 coming from or through flights are restricted. https://www.drukair.com.bt/ 35 COVID-19 affected 30 countries, and no visas on Visas restricted for Flight restrictions: 25 arrival.95 foreigners. Incoming https://www.mfa.gov.bt/?pa 20 Bhutanese subjected to ge_id=7587 15 Monsoon season runs June medical screening and https://www.paroairport.co 10 5 to September in the south quarantine. m/ 0 and southwest. The winter northeast monsoon ranges Movement restrictions in COVID-19 Cases Database from November to March, place as all residents asked https://github.com/CSSEGISa bringing gale-force winds to to stay at home except for ndData/COVID-19 higher altitudes. essential travel. 0 Deaths – 48 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN Hotline COVID-19 inquiries: 2121 https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html ;
https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19
Disaster Risk: The INFORM Global Risk Index’s overall ranking for Bhutan is 115 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) for natural disasters and humanitarian crises. Disaster risk has remained stable in the last three years. The INFORM global risk index annually measures the risk of disasters and humanitarian crises for 191 countries. Bhutan is most highly exposed to the natural hazard of earthquakes.96 The country also frequently experiences flooding, especially during monsoon season.97 Located high in the Himalayas, Bhutan’s elevation ranges from approximately 1200-3700 meters (~3,937-12,379 feet), with a population averaging 800,000 people. INFORM also has a separate COVID-19 Risk Index, which identifies “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Bhutan is assessed as being in the Medium COVID risk class, based on a COVID risk of 4.1 on a scale of 1-10, where 10 indicates the highest risk. 98
National organization response The Department of Disaster Management (DDM), under the Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs, leads disaster mitigation, preparedness and response, with a vision for “Safe, Resilient and Happy Bhutan”.99
The government closed all international borders on 23 March, only allowing foreigners to exit, and subjecting incoming Bhutanese to medical screening and mandatory 2-week quarantine at a designated facility. Only
95 https://drukair.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/cms/Flash%20NEWS/Notice-MOAH.jpg 96 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 97 https://www.bhutan.travel/page/climate-weather 98 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/inform-covid-analysis-v01 99 http://www.ddm.gov.bt/
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authorized vehicles can move across borders. Any movement of vehicles or people across informal routes is prohibited. The government stated it will ensure the continued supply of all commodities.100
As of 20 April, the government has developed a contact tracing mobile app, called “Druk Trace,” to help identify who may have come into contact with a COVID-19 infected person. Every office, business, and public transport are required to display a Druk Trace-generated QR code, and all individuals are mandated to use the app to scan the QR code upon each entry into those public spaces.101 Bilaterally, the Indian Army is preparing to deploy a team to Bhutan, to boost COVID-19 response.102
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) UNDP reports that the Loden-UNDP COVID-19 Response Fund is helping young Bhutanese to contribute to the country’s response through small grants.103 The UN is supporting the government through various activities. Food supplementation for children includes nutrition and WASH packages which provide a take-home school feeding ration; nutrition and hygiene messages and; soaps. The most vulnerable children will receive a “food basket.”104 Due to the closure of trade routes, the demand for local vegetables is high, according to UNICEF. The UN supports and implements the Farm to Schools (F2S) project which links farmer groups to supply local schools and institutions. The UN also plans to assist local farmers in improving agriculture production.105 The latest GIEWS country brief by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), states that food insecurity persists mostly in rural areas, especially in eastern and southern parts of the country. A large number of households have inadequate access to food markets.106 According to the World Food Program (WFP) the pandemic is causing some minor disruptions in the food supply chain due to the lockdown in neighboring India, the major supplier of food to the country. WFP has reprogrammed some of its funds to accelerate agriculture production and farmer linkages to markets to help mitigate this adverse impact.107 The WFP donated two mobile storage units, with a capacity of 500 metric tons each, which will help authorities preposition food to meet the needs of half the population for three months. Bhutan has taken a proactive approach toward COVID-19, but movement restrictions are straining the economy and food security. WFP’s technical assistance package also includes regional food price monitoring, prepositioning food, and targeting food needs via geo-referenced maps and assessments.108 The World Bank, on 17 April, approved fast-track financing of the US$5million COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project, which builds capacity for testing, contact tracing and early warning.109 UNICEF is supporting the health and other ministries with risk communication and community engagement, helping to reach about 90% of the population on social media with the help of 10,000 community leaders and other social influencers. UNICEF has received US$500,000 out of $1.8 million required for Bhutan, which is a funding gap of 68%, below the 72% average gap for the South Asia region.110
100 http://www.ddm.gov.bt/download/public_notification_closure_border_gates.png 101 http://www.moh.gov.bt/contact-tracing-app/ 102 https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/apr/21/fighting-covid-19-army-readying-teams-for-bangladesh-bhutan-sri-lanka-afghanistan- 2133393.html 103 http://www.moh.gov.bt/who-bhutans-generous-donation-of-nu-12-52-million-to-support-activities-towards-covid19/ 104 https://reliefweb.int/report/bhutan/un-family-scaling-nutrition 105 https://reliefweb.int/report/bhutan/un-family-scaling-nutrition 106 https://reliefweb.int/report/bhutan/giews-country-brief-bhutan-05-may-2020 107 https://reliefweb.int/report/bhutan/wfp-bhutan-country-brief-march-2020 108 https://www.wfp.org/news/wfp-extends-food-security-assistance-royal-government-bhutan-covid-19-response 109 https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/loans-credits/2020/04/16/bhutan-covid-19-emergency-response-and-health-systems-preparedness-project 110 https://www.unicef.org/appeals/files/UNICEF_ROSA_COVID19_Situation_Report_14_April_2020.pdf
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United Nations (UN) agencies with a presence in Bhutan doing humanitarian activities include the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), World Food Programme (WFP), and the World Health Organization (WHO), with additional UN agencies focused more on long-term development.111 The Bhutan Red Cross Society, as of 18 April, provided financial support for HOPE-Covid19 Bhutan to produce 6,000 face-shields mainly for the front-line health care workers. Bhutan Red Cross volunteers help sanitize vehicles at a border crossing in Samdrup Jongkhar, per a 12 April post, and have been going door-to- door to raise awareness of COVID-19 and distribute medicine to seniors in Mongar, per a 14 April post.112 Private Sector: Karma Pharmaceuticals and Medical Supplies donated 5,500 face masks on 9 March.113
Country-specific planning considerations
Displaced Populations: An estimated 107,000 Bhutanese are living outside the country as refugees, primarily ethnic Lhotshampa in refugee camps in eastern Nepal.114
Quarantine Centers: As of 29 MAY, 58 facilities are being used for quarantine, down from 75 on 21 APR. 1,064 people are quarantined in facilities, with 5,881 people having been discharged from quarantine as of 29 MAY.115
Health: Out of 31 total COVID-19 cases, Bhutan reports 25 are active with 6 recovered as of 28 MAY.116 Bhutan’s patient zero was a 76-year-old US retiree who tested positive 5 MAR, and was repatriated 14 MAR with the help of King Wangchuck.117
Bhutan has 17.4 hospital beds per 10,000 population, per 2012 data.118 Screening is available at 54 flu clinics. All six confirmed COVID-19 cases are imported, with no community transmission.119 A special isolation hospital equipped to treat COVID-19 patients was set up in the Royal Guest House in eastern Mongar.
Security: No significant COVID-19 related security incidents. Community volunteers help patrol border areas. Police see controlling the movement of people across the porous border as a growing challenge.120 Return to TOC
111 http://www.unct.org.bt/about-us/ 112 https://www.facebook.com/bhutanredcrosssociety/ 113 http://www.moh.gov.bt/karma-pharmaceuticals-and-medical-supplies-donated-5500-face-masks-to-ministry-of-health/ 114 https://www.unocha.org/asia-and-pacific-roap/bhutan 115 http://www.moh.gov.bt/national-situational-update-on-covid-19-as-of-28th-may-2020/ 116 http://www.moh.gov.bt/national-situational-update-on-covid-19-as-of-28th-may-2020/ 117 https://www.traveller.com.au/bhutan-coronavirus-king-helps-ill-tourist-get-home-to-the-us-on-private-jet-h1o2go 118 https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/hospital-beds-(per-10-000-population) 119 http://www.moh.gov.bt/national-situational-update-on-covid-19-as-of-20th-april-2020/ 120 https://kuenselonline.com/for-the-safety-and-security-of-the-community/
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BRUNEI Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Considerations Affected State Information Resources Measures/Access Government of Brunei has Brunei’s Infectious Government of Brunei banned all foreign citizens Disease Act 2010 website: https://www.gov.bn/ BRUNEI COVID-19 Total from entering or transiting provides guidance for by air, land, or sea to the COVID-19 response Government of Brunei COVID- Case Trend Brunei. and the Government has 19 site: http://www.moh.gov.bn/SiteP 150 implemented procedures Citizens and foreign for the investigation and ages/COVID-19.aspxincludes 148 residents in the country are Travel updates, Alerts, best 146 management of barred from leaving the outbreak such as practices and video & media 144 121 nation. reporting, quarantine, statements. 142 isolation, and treatment 140 Royal Brunei Airlines (RBA) Brunei Self-Isolation Policy: of suspected cases as 138 has suspended most flights http://www.moh.gov.bn/SiteP outlined in the law; 136 until 31 May with limited ages/selfisolationpolicy.aspx specifically the Infectious 134 service to KL, Singapore, U.S. Embassy in Brunei: Diseases Act Chapter 132 Melbourne, HK, Manila. https://bn.usembassy.gov/ 204. The Infectious 130 All passengers arriving to Diseases Act was Brunei Disaster Management Brunei through Brunei amended 30 January Reference Handbook: International Airport will be 2020 to include https://www.cfe- served a Self-Isolation punishment for those dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?filetic
Notice at border control who breach or refuse the ket=VwnEuxL818s%3d&portali and must undergo an quarantine order with a d=0 2 Deaths – 141* confirmed cases as of 5 JUN immediate 14-day isolation fine of up to BND COVID-19 Case Database at designated monitoring $10,000, imprisonment *No new confirmed COVID-19 cases since 7 MAY https://github.com/CSSEGISan centers and must be tested for up to 6 months, or https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html 122 dData/COVID-19 for COVID-19. both.123
Disaster Risk
Brunei, which joined the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1984, is statistically the safest country in Southeast Asia. The INFORM Global Risk Index’s overall ranking for Brunei is 158 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk). Disaster risk in the last three years has been stable.124 Although Brunei has a low level of risk to natural disaster, the country is still susceptible to floods, forest fires, air pollution, haze, and landslide due to flooding. Additionally, INFORM has a new COVID-19 Risk Index, which identifies “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Brunei’s INFORM COVID-19 risk is 3.1/10, indicating low risk (10 being highest risk).125
121 https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/coronavirus-asia-asean-live-updates-by-country/ 122 https://bn.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services-covid-19-information/ 123 https://www.brudirect.com/news.php?id=89708 124 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 125 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic
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National organization response The National Disaster Management Centre is the leading agency for disaster management in Brunei. It falls under the Ministry of Home Affairs. The country has the financial resources necessary to cope with disasters and all aspects of disaster risk reduction and response are funded at the national level.126
The Government has set up a Health Advice Line (148 ) and web application, (https://www.healthinfo.gov.bn) for the community to receive information and updates re: COVID-19.
After confirming the first new case in 17 days, Minister of Health YB Dato Seri Setia Dr Hj Mohammad Isham Hj Jaafar cautioned, “We are still in an emergency situation, we may not be under lockdown but the public need to remember that even though there have not been many infections recently, the concern is still there.”127
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The Brunei Darussalam Red Crescent Society was established in 1948 and maintains a presence assisting the Government of Brunei in blood donation, first aid training, responding to fires and assisting with disaster preparedness training. (https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/where-we-work/asia-pacific/brunei-darussalam-red- crescent-society/.)
Country-specific planning considerations Health: The Government of Brunei provides free healthcare to all citizens and medical care is among the best in the region. Non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease are the leading causes of death.128 Hospitals: There are four main hospitals serving the four districts of Brunei and several other health centers and traveling clinics serve the country.129 Quarantine Centers: February 2020, in preparation and response to the growing pandemic, and before any cases arrived to the country, the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Health identified four monitoring centers/quarantine shelters for suspected coronavirus cases: the Hassanal Bolkiah National Stadium’s Games Village Complex; the SEAMEO Voctech Regional Centre in Gadong; National Service Programme’s Training Camp in Batu Apoi, Temburong, and the Government Rest House in Kuala Belait.130
Additionally, Brunei’s National Isolation Center opened in December 2012. It is part of the Pengiran Muda Mahkota Pengiran Muda Haji Al-Muhtadee Billah Hospital in Pekan, Tutong which has 139 beds.131 Currently there are 125 individuals in quarantine at this location and individuals are being treated there for critical condition due to COVID-19 symptoms. The Ministry of Health also reports re-admitted persons previously recovered and tested positive again to the National Isolation Center.132 As a result, recovered patients must undergo an additional 14 day self-isolation at home post discharge and be retested after the 14 days.133 Security: Following the amendment to the Infectious Diseases Act, the Royal Brunei Police Force has increased patrols and members of the public are urged to comply with guidance not to gather to reduce spread of disease. Breaches to the quarantine order can be reported to a hotline (993). Monitoring of those under quarantine will be done via video calls, GPS tracking and spot checks with the Royal Brunei Police Force.134 Return to TOC
126 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=VwnEuxL818s%3d&portalid=0 127 https://thescoop.co/2020/05/01/covid-19-live-updates-3/ 128. https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=VwnEuxL818s%3d&portalid=0 129 http://www.moh.gov.bn/Pages/BruneiFacilities.aspx 130 https://thescoop.co/2020/02/09/brunei-sets-up-4-temporary-shelters-to-combat-coronavirus-spread/ 131 http://moh.gov.bn/SitePages/hpmmpmhamb.aspx 132http://www.moh.gov.bn/Shared%20Documents/2019%20ncov/press%20releases/Media%20statement%20on%20the%20current%20situation%20of%2 0COVID-19%20in%20Brunei%20Darussalam%20(18.04.2020).pdf 133 https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/coronavirus-brunei-reports-no-new-cases-one-recovered-patient-turns-positive-again 134 https://borneobulletin.com.bn/covid-19-cases-in-brunei-rise-to-11-2/
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CAMBODIA Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Considerations Affected State Information Measures/Access Resources
st Cambodia 21 MAY sees 1 new COVID- On 20 MAY, Flight & border 135 COVID-19 Total Case Trend 19 case since 11 APR. The Cambodia lifted a restrictions: 130 new case comes one day ban on entry of https://kh.usembassy.go 125 after entry ban lifted. visitors from Iran, v/covid-19-information/ 120 Italy, Germany, Cambodia is vulnerable due Spain, France and the COVID-19 Cases 115 to its weak health system. United States.139 Database 110 Medical facilities/services do Entry of foreigners https://github.com/CSSE 105 not meet international into Cambodia had GISandData/COVID-19 standards and both Phnom been instituted 17 100 Penh and Siem Reap have a MAR for “foreigners Domestic Hotline limited number of clinics and traveling from” the 012 825 424, 012 488 hospitals which are severely United States, 981 or 012 836 868. taxed by the current COVID- France, Germany, Information is available 0 Deaths – 125 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN 19 crisis.136 Italy, and Spain.140 in English and Khmer. https://kh.usembassy.go https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html Seasonal rains begin in mid- All visa free entry, e- v/covid-19-information/ May.137 visas and visas-on- arrival for foreigners Ministry of Health Cyclone season runs from suspended for 30 website/ daily May to October. 138 days, as of 31 surveillance reports: MAR.141 www.cdcmoh.gov.kh
Disaster Risk: The INFORM Global Risk Index’s overall ranking for Cambodia is 53 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) for natural disasters and humanitarian crises.142 Cambodia experiences hazards such as floods, drought, heavy storms, typhoons, fire incidents, and epidemics. Typhoons and tropical storms lead to heavy flood seasons in the country and approximately 80% of Cambodia lies along the Mekong River which is vulnerable to flooding.143 Additionally, Cambodia’s INFORM COVID-19 risk is 4.9/10, indicating medium risk (10 being the highest).144
National organization response The National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM) is Cambodia’s lead government agency for emergency preparedness and relief. The Government of Cambodia has adopted the Cambodia Red Cross (CRC)
135 https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html 136 https://kh.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 137 https://reliefweb.int/report/cambodia/dovetailing-disasters-how-covid-19-compounding-risk-cambodian-communities 138 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks 139 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-cambodia-idUSKBN22W1BC 140 https://kh.usembassy.gov/important-notice-to-american-citizens/ 141 https://kh.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 142 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 143 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks 144 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic
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as the primary partner for relief operations. The Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF) has played an important role in disaster response and relief in the country.145
The Cambodian Ministry of Health (MoH) is keeping the public informed of developments via the MoH website at (www.cdcmoh.gov.kh) and social media where relevant health education materials can also be downloaded. Daily COVID-19 Surveillance Reports can be downloaded in English on this page also.146
On 21 MAY, the first new confirmed COVID-19 case was reported in over a month, since 11 APR.147 This comes one day after the Cambodian MOH announcing on 20 MAY the lifting of entry bans on visitors entering from Iran, Italy, Germany, Spain, France and the U.S., which had been established to curb COVID-19 transmission.148 Cambodia on 31 MAR had suspended visa-free entry, e-visas and visas-on-arrival for foreigners for 30 days.149
The Government issued a state of emergency law.150 The Cambodian Ministry of Education has issued an immediate, indefinite, closure of all schools until further notice. The Cambodian government has closed all museums, cinemas, concert halls, bars, and karaoke establishments (KTV parlors), and prohibited large religious gatherings.151
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) Cambodia has 23 United Nations agencies working together through the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) 2016–2018.152 The Cambodian Red Cross is the largest humanitarian organization in Cambodia and often provides the first assistance and can draw on a wide network of pre- positioned resources and subnational presence.153 The Cambodian Red Cross website is located here: (https://redcross.org.kh/)
WHO is assisting hospitals with readiness to respond with appropriate case management: Khmer-Soviet, Phnom Penh; Siem Reap Hospital; Sihanoukville Hospital; Kampong Cham Hospital; Kampot Hospital; Strung Treng Hospital; assisting with laboratory capacity for collection of samples nationwide and detection of 2019-nCoV at Institute Pasteur Cambodia, National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) and NAMRU-2.154
UNDP warns that the start of the rainy season in May could increase the risk of transmission, as during the rainy season, there is an increase in fishing, human migration and busier wet markets. “It could also mean that health resources are diverted. Power-cuts – such as those caused by drought conditions across the capital of Phnom Penh last year – could compromise health systems’ capacity to provide sufficient services to both COVID-19 individuals and the wider community,” the UNDP said.155
145 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks 146 http://www.cdcmoh.gov.kh/ 147 https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html 148 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-cambodia-idUSKBN22W1BC 149 https://kh.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 150 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-cambodia-idUSKCN21S0IW 151 https://kh.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 152 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/137071/ccsbrief_khm_en.pdf;jsessionid=0E0B20605B7A7CAD6D9C3968B7933A8F?sequence=1 153 https://dlca.logcluster.org/pages/releaseview.action?pageId=12355727 154 https://www.who.int/cambodia/news/detail/28-01-2020-ministry-of-health-responds-to-first-positive-case-of-new-coronavirus 155 https://reliefweb.int/report/cambodia/dovetailing-disasters-how-covid-19-compounding-risk-cambodian-communities
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WFP, in collaboration with the NCDM, developed a digital questionnaire for collecting field information on the large-scale return of migrants following the closure of border crossings. This builds on the existing Platforms for Realtime Information SysteMs (PRISM) used to collect disaster risk data.156
WFP and the Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry (MAFF), expanded the existing remote monthly food price monitoring to cover the entire country to capture changes as a result of the pandemic.157
Country-specific planning considerations
Health: The MOH has designated three hospitals in Phnom Penh (Khmer-Soviet Friendship Hospital, National Pediatric Hospital, and Kantha Bopha Hospital), and 25 Provincial Referral Hospitals as medical facilities that can order a test for, and treat, suspected cases of COVID-19. The MOH, in consultation with the WHO, US-CDC, and the Institute Pasteur of Cambodia (IPC), has selected IPC as the designated lab for COVID-19 testing. Phnom Penh and Siem Reap have a limited number of clinics and hospitals that can provide basic medical care and stabilization. Medical care outside of these two cities is almost non-existent. Local pharmacies provide a limited supply of prescription and over-the-counter medications, but the quality can vary greatly.158
There are 102 referral hospitals, including 9 National Hospitals, 25 Municipal and Provincial Referral Hospitals and 68 district-based Referral Hospitals. There are 1,141 Health Centers and 107 Health Posts.159
Quarantine Centers: Quarantine is not well-established and may be unpredictable.
Security: Cambodian authorities have arrested approximately 30 people since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic on charges of spreading false news authorities have arrested at least 30 people on charges of spreading “fake news” and other offenses since the global outbreak of the pandemic. Obstruction of execution of emergency measures can result in $US 500-2500 fines and or jail term from 1-10 years.160 Return to TOC
156 https://reliefweb.int/report/cambodia/wfp-cambodia-country-brief-march-2020 157 https://reliefweb.int/report/cambodia/wfp-cambodia-country-brief-march-2020 158 https://kh.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 159 http://hismohcambodia.org/public/fileupload/carousel/HSP3-(2016-2020).pdf 160 https://asiatimes.com/2020/04/cambodias-state-of-emergency-law-in-context/
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CHINA Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Resources Considerations Measures/Access
As of 28 March, all Shulan, a border city with Russia China CDC China foreign nationals and near North Korea, was http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/CO 84,200 COVID-19 Total Case Trend are banned from reclassified by Chinese VID19/ entry including authorities as high risk on 10 84,150 US embassy updates those with May and put on lockdown, after 84,100 https://china.usembassy- residence permits, a cluster of new cases.161 china.org.cn/health-alert- 84,050 with diplomatic 84,000 012420/ exceptions. China is at a Level 4 Travel 83,950 Advisory (Do Not Travel) for Flight & border restrictions: 83,900 The civil aviation Hubei province.162 https://www.aljazeera.com/ne 83,850 ministry has limited ws/2020/03/coronavirus-travel- passenger numbers Wuhan, the COVID-19 83,800 restrictions-border-shutdowns- on inbound epicenter, to commence testing country- international flights. of all 11 million residents. This 200318091505922.html follows the first new cluster of cases found in over one month, COVID-19 Cases Database 4,638 Deaths – 84,174 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN most asymptomatic.163 https://github.com/CSSEGISand Data/COVID-19 https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
Disaster Risk: The INFORM (Index for Risk Management) risk assessment ranking for China is 67 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) for disasters and humanitarian crises, with a stable disaster risk trend for the last three years. China is highly exposed to earthquakes, tropical storms, floods and tsunamis.164 INFORM also has a new COVID-19 Risk Index, which identifies “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” China is in the “low” COVID risk class, based on a COVID risk assessed at 3.4 on a scale of 1-10, where a higher number indicates higher risk. 165
National organization response Wuhan, the original epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, conducted 887,321 nucleic acid tests on 20 MAY, and 856,128 tests on 19 MAY,166 as part of a 10-day campaign launched 14 MAY to find asymptomatic carriers by testing all 11 million residents.167 This follows the discovery of six COVID-19 cases in the same residential compound on 9-10 MAY – the first new cluster since Wuhan lifted lockdown on 8 APR – with 5 of the 6 showing no symptoms.168 Authorities increased restrictions in two cities in the northeastern province of Jilin. On 20 May, public transportation was stopped within Jiaohe and between it and neighboring cities due to the “severe circumstances” of the epidemic. On 18 MAY authorities further tightened the lockdown of Shulan, a city of 700,000 in the northeastern province of Jilin, by closing off all villages and residential compounds, and allowing only one person per household out for two hours every second day for essentials.169 Shulan had been classified as high risk on 10 MAY, after the city on
161 https://www.businessinsider.com/china-renews-lockdowns-after-coronavirus-reported-in-wuhan-and-shulan-2020-5 162 https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/health-alert-012420/ 163 https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/12/854431546/wuhan-to-test-all-residents-after-new-coronavirus-cases-emerge 164 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 165 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/inform-covid-analysis-v01 166 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-china-wuhan/chinas-wuhan-says-conducted-887321-covid-19-tests-on-may-20-idUSKBN22X1G3 167 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-china-wuhan/chinas-wuhan-plans-city-wide-testing-for-coronavirus-over-period-of-10-days-sources-idUSKBN22N24F 168 https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/12/854431546/wuhan-to-test-all-residents-after-new-coronavirus-cases-emerge 169 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/19/china-puts-city-of-shulan-under-wuhan-style-lockdown-after-fresh-covid-19-cases
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the Russian border and near North Korea had reported 14 new COVID-19 cases, all traced to a 45-year-old woman with no known history of travel or virus exposure.170 COVID-19 cases have been rising in the area, apparently brought in from over the border and now transmitting locally. Jilin went from 113 cases on 8 MAY to 151 as of 20 MAY, which is a greater increase in new COVID-19 cases than any other Chinese province experienced in the same period.171 The last four imported COVID-19 patients who entered China via Suifenhe from Russia have recovered and were discharged from Hongqi Hospital, though will be transferred to Mudanjiang Hospital for a 14-day medical observation, per 12 May reports.172 Suifenhe was locked down in early April, after a spate of cases from travelers crossing the border from Russia. On March 26, China announced that it was barring the entry of most foreign nationals, excluding diplomatic workers, to prevent imported COVID-19 cases. Starting 28 March, foreign ministry said that even foreign citizens with residence permits would be prevented from entering, although foreign citizens coming to China for "necessary economic, trade, scientific or technological activities or out of emergency humanitarian needs" can still apply for visas. In January, China increased efforts to deal with cases from overseas, with Beijing and other regions forcing international arrivals to go into a 14-day quarantine. The civil aviation ministry also limited passenger numbers on inbound international flights.173 The first known cases of COVID-19 were in Wuhan, China, with information of the first cases starting in December, although international information sharing did not occur until January.174 In the Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (China CDC), the Public Health Emergency Center (PHEC) takes charge of national public health emergency preparedness and response activities. China CDC’s Office of Epidemiology is dedicated to providing epidemiology services for disease control and public health work, including technical support and applied research. China CDC’s Division of Infectious Diseases (DID) is a technical department responsible for national communicable diseases surveillance, early warning, and outbreak investigation. The National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention (NIVDC) is an independent legal institution, which belongs to the China CDC, and has several WHO collaboration centers and laboratories.175 China was more heavily on the receiving end of foreign aid for the COVID-19 response in January and February, but there has also been significant demand from other countries for Chinese medical supplies and technical expertise. The China International Development Cooperation Agency, established in April 2018, is coordinating with other ministries to provide foreign aid to countries and international organizations, including the EU, AU, and ASEAN. China has donated $20 million to the WHO.176
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) UN agencies focused on humanitarian action with a presence in China include UNICEF, FAO, IOM, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNFPA, UN-Habitat, UNHCR, UN Women, WFP, and WHO, along with other development agencies.177
The China Red Cross Society was visited by Secretary-General of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies to discuss greater cooperation.178
PLAN International distributed 189,000 Euro (US$205,000) worth of disinfectant and personal protective equipment to government institutions and local NGOs, as of 17 April.179
170 https://www.businessinsider.com/china-renews-lockdowns-after-coronavirus-reported-in-wuhan-and-shulan-2020-5 171 https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 172 http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202005/12/WS5ebaade5a310a8b241155318.html 173 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/coronavirus-travel-restrictions-border-shutdowns-country-200318091505922.html 174 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/coronavirus-causes 175 http://www.chinacdc.cn/en/ 176 https://reliefweb.int/report/china/new-chinese-aid-agency-after-its-first-two-years ; http://en.cidca.gov.cn/2020-03/26/c_465653.htm 177 http://www.un.org.cn/pages/UNCountryTeamInChina.html 178 https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/where-we-work/asia-pacific/red-cross-society-of-china/ 179 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ExSitRep_COVID19_PlanInternational_AP_17April%5B5%5D.pdf
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World Vision reported on 21 May that it is collaborating with the Chinese Center for Health Education to produce a series of child-focused animation videos with focus hygiene and COVID-19 prevention.180
Country-specific planning considerations Hubei, where provincial capital Wuhan was epicenter, had been historically hardest hit with cumulative COVID-19 cases. However, most provinces hard-hit during the January-February surge of cases in China have since recovered. New cases have most recently been seen in the northeastern provinces bordering Russia or North Korea.
Health Information: A major hospital in China’s capital, the Beijing Xiaotangshan, designated to screen and treat COVID-19 patients from overseas, closed 29 APR after the last two COVID-19 patients were released. The hospital began operations 16 MAR.181
China has 42 hospital beds per 10,000 population, per 2012 data.182
Security: In response to reports of discrimination against foreign citizens, the Chinese government reiterated that all public health measures apply equally to Chinese citizens and foreigners.183 Discrimination against Africans and African-Americans was reported in Guangzhou. As part of increased scrutiny of foreign nationals in response to COVID-19 infections, police ordered bars and restaurants not to serve clients who appear to be of African origin. Local officials mandated COVID-19 tests followed by self-quarantine for anyone with “African contacts,” regardless of recent travel history or previous quarantine completion. The U.S. Consulate General advises avoidance of the Guangzhou metropolitan area until further notice.184
Human rights lawyer and constitutional scholar Zhang Xuezhong was removed from his Shanghai home by authorities on 10 May after posting a letter criticizing the government's COVID-19 response on WeChat, social media.185 Return to TOC
180 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Global%20SitRep%20No9_2020521_FNL.pdf 181 http://en.nhc.gov.cn/2020-04/29/c_79743.htm 182 https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/hospital-beds-(per-10-000-population) 183 https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/embassy-consulates/guangzhou/security-alert-u-s-embassy-beijing-and-all-consulates-april-24-2020/ 184 https://china.usembassy-china.org.cn/health-alert-u-s-consulate-general-guangzhou-peoples-republic-of-china/ 185 https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3083863/chinese-scholar-calls-political-reform-criticising-tight
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COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS (U.S.) Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Considerations Affected State Information Measures/Access Resources
Typhoon season is from July to CNMI lifts restrictions 26 MAY, CHCC COVID-19 CNMI COVID-19 Total Case Trend January, and CNMI is usually allowing some in-person website: subject to at least 1 services.191 http://chcc.gov.mp/coron 30 typhoon/yr.186 avirusinformation.php The Commonwealth Healthcare 25 Screening of incoming Corporation (CHCC) offers CHCC POC: Janet Guerrero & Portia 20 passengers at Saipan airport reporting of COVID-19 symptoms started 1 February. All vessels to health officials for persons Tomokane 15 entering CNMI waters are enrolled in Sara Alert.192 (670) 234-8950 Ext. inspected before they make 3416 10 As of 4 April, the Governor’s port.187 [email protected] 5 Office has not mandated the v.mp Starting 23 March, all individuals public wear masks, and Governor’s COVID-19 0 entering the CNMI must be discouraged masks for those not Task Force POC: Kevin quarantined at a designated site sick or taking care of the sick. Bautista, for 14 days, per Governor Ralph However, some businesses have [email protected] DLG Torres's Second Amended made face covering required for 2 Deaths – 26 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN Executive Order 2020-04, entry into their CNMI Homeland Directive 8.188 establishments.193 Security & Emergency CNMI CHCC: http://chcc.gov.mp/coronavirusinformation.php Management (OHS & Curfew is in effect 7:00pm – As of 29 March, all grocery stores COVID-19 Data Repository by CSSE at JHU, updated to previous EM) webpage: day for CNMI: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 6:00am, with workers needing hours were limited to 6:00 a.m. http://www.cnmihsem.go to commute required to carry a to 6:00 p.m. and 50% reduced v.mp/ 194 designated company POC and occupancy. proper ID, as of 22 April.189 Gatherings of more than 10 COVID-19 cases 195 database: 190 people are prohibited. Curfew is 11pm – 5am. https://github.com/CSSEGI SandData/COVID-19
Disaster Risk:
The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) is composed of 22 islands and inlets including the principal islands, Saipan, Tinian, Rota, Anatahan, and Pagan, although Pagan has not been inhabited since 1981 after a severe volcanic eruption.196 CNMI is subject to a multitude of regularly recurring hazards, including typhoons, earthquakes, tsunamis, flash flooding and drought.197
186 https://www.pacificrisa.org/places/commonwealth-of-the-northern-mariana-islands/ 187 http://chcc.gov.mp/DocumentFiles/coronavirusinformation_142_1454553753.pdf 188 http://chcc.gov.mp/DocumentFiles/First%20group%20of%20travelers%20to%20be%20released%20from%20COVID-19%20quarantine%20facility%20this%20week.pdf ; https://www.guampdn.com/story/news/local/2020/04/07/cnmi-release-118-people-quarantine-week/2959323001/ 189 https://www.facebook.com/GovernorCNMI/photos/pb.1743833292514312.-2207520000../2707681932796105/?type=3&theater 190 https://www.guampdn.com/story/news/local/2020/05/25/guam-coronavirus-covid-19-cnmi-restaurants-church-services/5257246002/ 191 https://www.guampdn.com/story/news/local/2020/05/25/guam-coronavirus-covid-19-cnmi-restaurants-church-services/5257246002/ 192 http://chcc.gov.mp/coronavirusinformation.php 193 http://chcc.gov.mp/DocumentFiles/Face%20masks%20and%20DIY%20face%20coverings.pdf 194 http://chcc.gov.mp/DocumentFiles/Two%20cases%20confirmed%20positive%20for%20COVID-19%20Hours%20for%20businesses%20and%20retail%20establishments%20adjusted.pdf 195 https://governor.gov.mp/news/press-releases/the-governors-social-distancing-guidance-cnmi-covid-19-emergency-directives-as-of-april-16-2020/ 196 https://www.britannica.com/place/Northern-Mariana-Islands/Economy 197 https://opd.gov.mp/library/plans/cnmi-standard-state-mitigation-plan-2014-2019/
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CNMI has been experiencing dry conditions since April.198 Drought conditions could worsen across CNMI in June, as less-than-adequate rainfall is expected. Saipan International Airport has had the driest May, April-May, March- May, February-May and January-May on record.199
National organization response
The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Homeland Security & Emergency Management (OHS & EM) coordinates emergencies and disaster response. OHS & EM have disaster information awareness for typhoons, tsunami, and volcano, as well as evacuation zones posted on the OHS & EM website found here: http://www.cnmihsem.gov.mp/).200 In September 2018, Typhoon Mangkhut caused damage to CNMI resulting in the U.S. President issuing a major disaster declaration under the Stafford Act. During this time, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) appointed a Federal Coordinating Officer for this major disaster to provide federal assistance. The islands of Rota, Saipan, and Tinian received Individual and public assistance, and all areas within CNMI were eligible for assistance under the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program.201 After Super Typhoon Yuta in January 2020, FEMA granted US$4.9 million to CNMI to support ongoing recovery which included rebuilding schools, debris removal, repairs to ports and buildings, and other relief efforts.202
The CNMI has lifted some restrictions including allowing limited in-dining at restaurants and allowing in-person church services, with Governor Ralph Torres announcing on 26 MAY that the CNMI can responsibly initiate the next phase of its Economic Recovery Plan from Community Vulnerability Level “Red” to “Yellow.” Level “Yellow” represents the midway point of the phased schedule, wherein curfew is 11pm-5am and testing has become widespread, but efforts to promote testing among community organizations, businesses and households continue.203
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society)
The American Red Cross of Northern Mariana Islands (https://www.redcross.org/local/northern-mariana- islands.html) is actively involved in the COVID-19 response having distributed 3,500 hand sanitizers to local emergency, health, and social service agencies and providing hundreds of hygiene supplies to those quarantined at Kanoa Resort and Pacific Islands Club Saipan.204 Additionally, the World Health Organization (WHO) (https://www.who.int/northernmarianaislands) deployed staff to several Pacific Island countries and territories, including CNMI with elevated risks for measles to assist with prevention measures from January-March 2020.205
Country-specific planning considerations
Health: Locally tested COVID-19 samples are confirmed by the US CDC, which results in a time lag before confirmation.206 Due to lifestyle and dependence on imported and processed foods, noncommunicable diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer in CNMI is widespread. 83% of CNMI residents of Northern Marianas descent are overweight or obese and 21% of Carolinian adults and 25% of
198 https://www.saipantribune.com/index.php/dry-weather-to-persist-in-the-marianas/ 199 https://readycnmiblog.com/wp/2020/05/29/drought-statement-05-29-2020-fri/ 200 http://cnmihsem.gov.mp/natural-disasters/typhoon/typhoonprep 201 https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/10/10/2018-21927/commonwealth-of-the-northern-mariana-islands-major-disaster-and-related- determinations 202 https://reliefweb.int/report/northern-mariana-islands-united-states-america/fema-grants-additional-funds-super-typhoon 203 https://www.guampdn.com/story/news/local/2020/05/25/guam-coronavirus-covid-19-cnmi-restaurants-church-services/5257246002/ 204 https://www.saipantribune.com/index.php/arc-involved-in-covid-19-efforts/ 205 https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/wpro---documents/dps/outbreaks-and-emergencies/measles-2019/20200108-measles-pacific-who-unicef- sitrep-106cd003b8c83042dd81fb17d62dc3f35c.pdf?sfvrsn=657d0d88_0 206 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/415994/cnmi-has-presumptive-positive-covid-19-case
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Chamorro adults have diabetes. Additionally, substance abuse and mental health problems are a public health concern, along with infant mortality rates and sexually transmitted infections.207
Hospitals: CNMI has one hospital, the 86-bed Commonwealth Health Center, located on Saipan. It is operated by the Commonwealth Healthcare Corporation (CHCC).208,209 There are also two major health centers in CNMI, also operated by the CHCC. Tinian Health Center is a satellite clinic located in San Jose Village, Tinian. It is the only medical facility on island.210 The Rota Health Center is a satellite facility on the island of Rota. It is the only medical facility on Rota.211 Another center, the Kagman Community Health Center, is located on Saipan. There are five private healthcare clinics: FHP Health Center, Marianas Medical Center, Medical Associates of the Pacific, Pacific Medical Center, and the Saipan Health Clinic.212
Quarantine: The CNMI government requires all individuals entering CNMI be quarantined at a designated site for 14-days. Upon completion of the quarantine period, each individual will be issued a certificate from Commonwealth Healthcare indicating that they successfully completed quarantine.213
U.S. DoD: Six U.S. Army Reserve nurses deployed to the CNMI to support COVID-19 response. The three critical care nurses and three certified registered nurse anesthetists are from the 1984th U.S. Army Hospital-Pacific, headquartered at Fort Shafter Flats, Hawaii.214 Return to TOC
207 https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/109536/witnesses/HHRG-116-II00-Wstate-MunaE-20190523-SD001.pdf 208 https://chcc.gov.mp/ 209 https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/states/northern-mariana 210 https://chcc.gov.mp/tinianhealthcenter.php 211 https://chcc.gov.mp/rotahealthcenter.php 212 https://www.pihoa.org/cnmi/ 213 https://www.guampdn.com/story/news/local/2020/04/07/cnmi-release-118-people-quarantine-week/2959323001/ 214 https://www.usar.army.mil/News/Article/2191503/army-reserve-nurses-deploy-to-northern-mariana-islands-to-support-covid-19-resp/
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FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Planning Considerations Affected State Measures/Access Information Case Trend Resources
As of 5 June, FSM had Typhoon season runs June 1 – Nov. 30 FSM extends State of Public Emergency to 31 JUL.217 WHO country health profile https://www.who.int/countries no confirmed COVID- On January 31, 2020, a Public Health No passengers may disembark, except COVID-19 /fsm/en/ 19 cases. Emergency declared and National Task medical workers or patients returning from Force (NTF) created treatment. All must complete 14-day quarantine. WHO Country Cooperation Strategy: USG with USAID/OFDA as lead likely to be a No personnel are permitted to debark ships with https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstr primary responder the exception of National Oceanic Resource eam/handle/10665/136945/ccs Management Agency (NORMA) observers who must brief_fsm_en.pdf?sequence=1 Travel restrictions have been extended to 215 complete a 14-day quarantine. May 31st, 2020 per FSM Congress. FSM COVID-19 Response Framework: 216 Travel between FSM states is not permitted by There is a dengue outbreak on Yap State. https://gov.fm/files/FSM_COVI international air carrier. Travel between states by Health screening of all incoming travelers Caroline Islands Air or by ship is allowed, but some D- 19_Response_Framework.pdf https://coronavirus.jhu.edu at airport and seaport is ongoing since 2 states are requiring all passengers and crew to /map.html February. complete a 14-day quarantine period.
Disaster Risk: Overall INFORM model risk ranking for the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is 67 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk). A 3-yr trend indicates stable overall risk. Additionally, FSM’s INFORM COVID-19 risk is 5.0/10, placing FSM in the “high” COVID risk class (10 indicates highest risk).218 Drought expanded across the western and northern FSM in April (as well as the Marianas and northern Marshall Islands.)219 FSM’s Yap state should plan on continuing dry conditions.220
National organization response FSM’s Congress extended the State of Public Emergency to 31 JUL, which brings it to six months since President David Panuelo declared a public health emergency on 31 JAN, with a travel ban and border closures.221 FSM Department of Health and Social Affairs (DHSA) will lead any health response. FSM National and States taskforces continue to coordinate local preparedness and readiness efforts for potential introduction and spread of COVID-19. A surveillance system for influenza-like illness (ILI) is in place for all 4 States.222 The National Disaster Committee is the strategic decision-making body for prioritizing, committing resources, and advising the President during a disaster. The National Disaster Response Plan (2016) defines the efforts for all government levels to ensure disaster preparedness, response, relief and recovery are carried out. Tests of any suspected cases of COVID-19 will be sent to Hawaii or Guam to be confirmed.223 U.S. Ambassador Carmen G. Cantor in a joint ceremony on 7 May handed off 30 ventilators to the FSM government. The U.S. had earlier presented $7,700,000 to FSM, which is FSM’s share of the U.S. Coronavirus Aid, Relief, & Economic Security (CARES) Act. Israel also provided to FSM 2,000 surgical masks, 200 NK95 masks, 4 infrared thermometers, and 40 protective suits. At the ceremony, government officials stated that the FSM
215 https://gov.fm/files/CR_No__21-138_Further_Amending_the_Presidents_Public_Health_Emergency_Declaration_APRIL_17_2020_RECEIVED_BY_OOP.pdf 216 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/micronesia 217 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/418167/fsm-continues-state-of-public-emergency-into-sixth-month 218 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic 219 https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/drought/202004 220 https://reliefweb.int/report/northern-mariana-islands-united-states-america/drought-information-statement-16-may-2019 221 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/418167/fsm-continues-state-of-public-emergency-into-sixth-month 222 FSM Updates on Implementation of COVID-19 Preparedness and Response 223 https://fm.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/
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COVID-19 Task Force will more closely collaborate with the Pohnpei COVID-19 Task Force, resulting in a joint FSM-PNI Task Force meeting.224225 FSM is experiencing drought conditions. In mid-April, the Northern Marianas' Emergency Operations Center issued a warning, saying dry conditions could persist for the next month or two.226 The FSM COVID-19 Response Framework is the national COVID-19 contingency plan, available at: https://gov.fm/files/FSM_COVID-19_Response_Framework.pdf CFE-DM Federated States of Micronesia Disaster Management Reference Handbook: https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=YalZdsMBBZo%3d&portalid=0
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) FSM is continuing to work with WHO, CDC, and UNICEF on support for COVID19 response. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) mission is located in FSM and oversees the offices in the FSM, RMI and Palau. WHO Health Profile: non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancers remain a major health problem. Tuberculosis (TB) has a high prevalence, as does leprosy – the latter being among the highest in the Pacific.
Country-specific planning considerations
Evacuation Centers: Chuuk leased the High-Tide Hotel (with 20-27 rooms) as quarantine space. It is also renovating a former Chinese barracks for construction workers (with at least 5 rooms). For surge capacity, Chuuk will utilize the Chuuk High School and Gymnasium. Pohnpei built an 8-room quarantine facility at Misko Beach, and the China Star Hotel (with 30 rooms) and Yvonne Hotel (with more than 50 rooms) were used. However, these became quickly full with travelers. Pohnpei decided to scale back capacity and relocate quarantine services out to Dekehtik. Yap is utilizing its Sports Complex for quarantine space (50 beds). Kosrae does not have any quarantine facilities, and is resorting to home quarantine. Kosrae hospital is also building 24 isolation rooms some of which could be used for quarantine. FSM Government is procuring 30 20’ x 10’ ft. folding container - housing units for additional quarantine and/or isolation rooms.227
Health: The Department of Health Services in each state provides medical and public health services through a hospital, community health centers and dispensaries. Each state system is autonomous. Health services are highly subsidized by the state governments, except in private clinics. The national Department of Health and Social Affairs oversees health programs and is responsible for public health programs funded by the US Department of Health and Human Services. Hospitals: There are six private health clinics in the country and one private hospital. Access to hospital services remains an issue, particularly for outer-islands residents due to transportation difficulties.
USAID/OFDA and FEMA: Developed an Operational Blueprint for USG disaster response in FSM. USAID/OFDA assisted FSM after Typhoon Wutip passed over Chuuk, Pohnpei and Yap states in Feb 2019. U.S. Department of the Interior released US$416,918 COFA in financial assistance to FSM. The funds will help support and strengthen hospital and quarantine infrastructure in Chuuk State.228
DOD: Seabees have visited FSM since 1969. Seabees from the Naval Mobile Construction Five (NMCB5) are currently assisting in the construction of a quarantine facility in Pohnpei.
Security: No security incidents reported. Return to TOC
224 https://reliefweb.int/report/micronesia-federated-states/through-donations-ventilators-medical-supplies-state-israel 225 https://reliefweb.int/report/micronesia-federated-states/president-panuelo-vice-president-george-receive-ambassador-cantor 226 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/414470/micronesia-experiencing-drought 227 FSM Updates on Implementation of COVID-19 Preparedness and Response 228 https://www.doi.gov/oia/press/compact-funding-help-build-and-repair-covid-19-quarantine-facilities-federated-states
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FIJI Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Resources Considerations Measures/Access
Flight restrictions. Fiji announced 5 JUN it is See footnotes for all. Fiji COVID-19 Total Case Trend COVID-free, after its last Movement Fiji Ministry of Health & 30 restrictions. known infected patient was Medical Services: given the all-clear.229 25 Cyclone season http://www.health.gov.fj/ https://www.facebook.co runs November to TC Harold struck Fiji on 7 APR 20 m/MoHFiji/ April. as a category 4 storm. 15 Fiji is regional Over 1,700 evacuees are being TC Harold: 10 humanitarian sheltered in 61 evacuation https://reliefweb.int/repo rt/fiji/fiji-tropical-cyclone- 5 headquarters for centers (14 APR). UN and other Int’l harold-humanitarian- 0 agencies. UN RC Nationwide curfew, 10pm- snapshot-14-april-2020 in Fiji is co-lead of 5am, reactivated 25 APR. Inter- COVID-19 Confirmed Cases Pacific island travel resumed 26 APR, http://www.health.gov.fj/ Humanitarian 0 Deaths – 18* confirmed cases as of 5 JUN gatherings of 20 people or few Team, a primary were permitted from 27 APR. COVID-19 Cases Database humanitarian https://github.com/CSSEGISa *No new cases since 20 APR But schools, cinemas, gyms, https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html response ndData/COVID-19 mechanism. pools and nightclubs remain closed.230 All sporting events remain suspended, whether organized by sporting bodies or at community levels.231
SPECIAL SECTION – Tropical Cyclone Harold Tropical Cyclone (TC) Harold made landfall in Fiji as a category 4 cyclone, striking Viti Levu the night of 7 April and morning of 8 April.232 TC Harold first struck the Solomon Islands, then Vanuatu as category 5, followed by Fiji, and finally hit Tonga. Of the Pacific Island countries affected by TC Harold, Fiji is the only one also dealing with confirmed COVID-19 cases as of 27 April, though all are implementing with movement control and social distancing measures. TC Harold displaced around 10,000 people in Fiji, and led to the deaths of two people. Authorities encouraged people to take shelter before the cyclone struck, and 6,240 people sheltered in 197 evacuation centers. This decreased to about 2,000 people remaining in shelters after the cyclone, as many were able to return home. A remaining concern is whether the mass gatherings in evacuation shelters during the storm resulted in increased COVID-19 infections, which could result in more illnesses and deaths. As Fijian national Nacanieli Bolo Speigth notes: “Evacuating in most Pacific island countries means fleeing to a village hall, church or running across to your closest extended families. It is these confined spaces that enable the spread of the virus. One has to acknowledge the challenges for government to one day be restricting social gatherings to avoid
229 https://www.rawstory.com/2020/06/answered-prayers-fiji-declares-itself-coronavirus-free/ 230 http://www.health.gov.fj/statement-by-the-prime-minister-hon-voreqe-bainimarama-on-tc-harold-and-covid-19-measures/ 231 http://www.health.gov.fj/all-sporting-events-remain-temporarily-suspended/ 232 https://reliefweb.int/report/fiji/tropical-cyclone-harold-vanuatu-and-fiji-flash-update-no-1-8-april-2020-2200-local-time
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contagion and then the next day congregating them in communal areas to give them needed shelter.” 233 According to the Fiji Red Cross, there is a "full focus on hygiene" in evacuation centers.234 The Government of Fiji declared a disaster on 12 April in the Eastern, Central and Western Divisions. Across Fiji, 635 homes across the country were destroyed by the storm, with over 2,100 suffering damage.235 Agricultural losses over approximately 894 hectares (2,209 acres) are estimated at 19.6 million Fiji Dollars (8.5 million USD), with the majority of damage sustained in the Eastern Division. Major damage to school infrastructure, facilities, resources and materials are reported in Kadavu Island (Eastern Division), Suva and Vatulele Island (Nadroga Navosa). Structural damage is estimated at 3 million FJD. UNICEF provided WASH kits and dignity kits to 1,000 households in Korovou and Nausori via the Ministry of Health and Medical Services (MoHMS) and is supporting the needs assessment of WASH facilities. The Fiji Red Cross Society is preparing NFIs for distributions in Vatulele, including 100 jerry cans, 60 tarpaulins and 56 shelter toolkits.236 Under Fiji’s Rural Housing Assistance Programme, the Ministry of Housing and Community Development is working to provide relief to high-need households. They are subsidizing the cost of government-procured building materials for eligible households. Thousands of food ration packs and other supplies have been delivered.237
Disaster Risk The INFORM (Index for Risk Management) risk assessment ranking for Fiji is 115 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) for disasters and humanitarian crises. Disaster risk in the last three years has been stable. Fiji is highly exposed to tsunamis, and also significantly exposed to tropical cyclones, earthquakes, and drought.238 INFORM also has a separate COVID-19 Risk Index, which identifies “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Fiji is in the “medium” COVID risk class, based on a COVID risk assessment of 4.1 on a scale of 1-10, where a higher number indicates higher risk.239 According to the 2019 Global Health Security Index, Fiji is ranked 28.35% out of a possible 100% (where lower number indicates poor health security) in regards to rapid response to and mitigation of the spread of an epidemic. This number ranks Fiji as a “least prepared” country.240
National organization response The National Disaster Management Office (NDMO: http://www.ndmo.gov.fj/) handles natural disasters. The National Emergency Operations Centre as well as Divisional Emergency Operation Centres have been activated by the National Disaster Management Office, in response to TC Harold striking Fiji.241 The Ministry of Health and Medical Services (http://www.health.gov.fj/) carries news and information on the COVID-19 situation. They have traced the 16 current cases to four clusters, identifying the potential virus sources as the USA, Australia, India, and New Zealand.242 As of 26 MAY, an Air Tahiti Nui aircraft flew medical supplies from China to Fiji as part of the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) Pacific Humanitarian Pathway on COVID-19, provided in conjunction with the WHO and to also be distributed to Samoa, Vanuatu and Tonga. The plane also picked up supplies in Fiji donated by the Jack
233 https://www.internal-displacement.org/expert-opinion/tropical-cyclone-harold-and-covid-19-a-double-blow-to-the-pacific-islands 234 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-52268119 235 http://www.health.gov.fj/statement-by-the-prime-minister-hon-voreqe-bainimarama-on-tc-harold-and-covid-19-measures/ 236 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OCHA-FJI-TCHarold-HumSnapshot-200414_Final.pdf Fiji Red Cross https://twitter.com/FijiRedCross 237 http://www.health.gov.fj/statement-by-the-prime-minister-hon-voreqe-bainimarama-on-tc-harold-and-covid-19-measures/ 238 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 239 https://data.humdata.org/organization/inform 240 https://www.ghsindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/2019-Global-Health-Security-Index.pdf 241 https://reliefweb.int/report/fiji/fiji-tropical-cyclone-harold-humanitarian-snapshot-9-april-2020 242 http://www.health.gov.fj/fiji-covid-19-cases-clusters/
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Ma Foundation and flew them to French Polynesia.243 On 3 MAY, Fiji received personal protective equipment (PPE) worth around US$270,000 donated from China.244 As of 24 APR, China also provided US$300,000 to Fiji to help combat COVID-19, as well as donated US$100,000 earlier that week to the NDMO for TC Harold relief.245 Private Sector: Fiji Chemicals donated $50,000 worth of hygiene and cleaning products to the Ministry of Health and Medical Services to boost the government’s COVID-19 response efforts.246
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The WHO in the Pacific is based in Suva, Fiji, and coordinates the COVID-19 Joint Incident Management Team (IMT), which has developed and is implementing a six-month Pacific Action Plan for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Preparedness and Response.247 On 4 May, WHO Representative to Fiji and the Pacific delivered testing kits to the Fijian Minister for Health and Medical Services at the Fiji Centre for Disease Control laboratory in Tamavua. These Genexpert kits can be used to test for tuberculosis as well as COVID-19.248 On 3 May the Minister for Health and Medical Services received PPE from the Chinese Ambassador to Fiji.249
Country-specific planning considerations
Fiji announced on 5 JUN that it no longer had any active COVID-19 cases, after the country’s last known infected patient was given the all-clear.250 Fiji reported its first confirmed COVID-19 case on 19 MAR, but strict isolation measures and border controls kept infections to 18 confirmed cases total, with no new cases since 20 APR.251 Health: So far this year Fiji has had 278 cases of leptospirosis, 77 of typhoid and nearly 800 cases of dengue fever, as of 3 JUN. Fiji has seen a recent surge in cases of leptospirosis, typhoid and dengue, leading Health Minister Ifereimi Waqainabete to urge residents to take responsibility for their well-being, noting that overgrown weeds, blocked drains and water-filled tires increase the risk of mosquito-borne diseases.252 Following TC Harold, the Ministry of Health launched a door-to-door campaign to combat leptospirosis, typhoid, dengue, and diarrhea. The Fiji government is focusing on the illnesses that thrive in the wet environments left behind by tropical cyclones.253 Health services are delivered through 98 nursing stations, 84 health centers, 17 subdivisional hospitals and three divisional hospitals.254 There are 23 hospital beds per 10,000 population, per WHO 2011 data.255 As of 15 April, all 37 fever clinics in Fiji are operational, following TC Harold.256 Mobile fever clinics were introduced in Suva on 6 April. Mobile clinics were launched in Lautoka on 2 April to complement clinics already in operation, seeing 43,392 residents over four days. Mobile clinics planned in Samabula East.257 Fiji plans to screen over 150,000 people.258 On 21 April, the Fijian Ministry of Health and Medical Services deployed mobile fever clinic teams to Lami. The teams visited homes from Delainavesi to Wailekutu taking fever readings for all household members referring individuals for further investigation, including testing if needed.259
243 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/417548/who-pif-medical-supplies-arrive-in-fiji 244 https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/covid-19/fiji-receives-ppe-from-china/ 245 https://reliefweb.int/report/fiji/people-s-republic-china-donates-usd300k-fiji 246 http://www.health.gov.fj/covid-19-response-boost/ 247 https://www.who.int/westernpacific/about/how-we-work/pacific-support/news/detail/21-02-2020-pacific-steps-up-preparedness-against-covid-19 248 https://www.facebook.com/MoHFiji 249 https://www.facebook.com/MoHFiji 250 https://www.rawstory.com/2020/06/answered-prayers-fiji-declares-itself-coronavirus-free/ 251 https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 252 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/418217/fijians-need-to-take-more-responsibility-health-minister 253 http://www.health.gov.fj/statement-by-the-prime-minister-hon-voreqe-bainimarama-on-tc-harold-and-covid-19-measures/ 254 https://www.who.int/countries/fji/en/ 255 https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators 256 http://www.health.gov.fj/fever-clinics-now-fully-functional-after-tc-harold/ 257 http://www.health.gov.fj/mobile-fever-clinics-services-for-the-suva-lockdown-zone/ 258 https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Suva-Lockdown-can-and-will-easily-be-extended-if-enough-people-are-not-screened---PM-4f8rx5/ 259 http://www.health.gov.fj/mobile-fever-clinics-to-be-deployed-to-lami-on-tuesday-21-april/
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Quarantine Facilities: There are eight COVID-19 Isolation Facilities across Fiji, comprising five hospitals and three community isolation facilities. Three facilities are located in Central Division (CWM Hospital; Navua Hospital; Forestry Training Centre) and five in the Western Division (Nadi Hospital; Nadi Special School; Lautoka Hospital; Natabua High School; Ba Mission Hospital).260
Security: As of 15 April, 106 arrests were made in the last 24 hours for breach of COVID-19 restrictions, predominantly for social gathering breaches, followed by curfew violations.261 The Suva lockdown was lifted 17 April, but all other health protections are still in effect.262 School holidays are extended, a stay-at-home order is in place except for life-sustaining reasons to travel, and a nationwide curfew is in effect from 10pm to 5am.263 As of 26 April, all passenger inter-island travel, by air and sea resumed. As of 27th April, restrictions were lifted to allow gatherings of 20 people or fewer.264 As of 5 May, Nabua and Soasoa lockdowns have been lifted.265
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260 http://www.health.gov.fj/media-center/novel-coronavirus-covid-19/media-releases/ 261 https://www.fijivillage.com/news/106-arrested-last-night-for-breach-of-COVID-19-restrictions-rf45x8/ 262 https://www.facebook.com/FijianGovernment/videos/though-the-suva-lockdown-is-lifted-every-other-health-protection-is-still-in-eff/211314596985637/ 263 https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Suva-Lockdown-can-and-will-easily-be-extended-if-enough-people-are-not-screened---PM-4f8rx5/ 264 http://www.health.gov.fj/statement-by-the-prime-minister-hon-voreqe-bainimarama-on-tc-harold-and-covid-19-measures/ 265 https://www.facebook.com/MoHFiji
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FRENCH POLYNESIA (Fr.) Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Resources Considerations Measures/Access
Dengue type 2 Officials have suspended Direction de la Sante (Health French Polynesia outbreak started in entry of non-resident Directorate) website on COVID-19: COVID-19 Total Case Trend April 2019. Cases travelers to French Polynesia https://www.service- 100 still circulating.266267 since 28 March.270271 public.pf/dsp/covid-19/ 90 Direction de la Sante (Health 80 Cyclone season All passengers arriving on an between Nov.- international flight will be Directorate) latest news: 70 https://www.service- 60 March; Nov.-April is required to self-quarantine the wet season.268 on Tahiti for 14 days. Travel public.pf/dsp/covid-19/situation- 50 coronavirus-covid-19/ to other islands will be 40 On 21 May, French 30 granted only after the 14- Crisis Cell Bulletins: Polynesia lifted 272 https://www.service- 20 day period. internal restrictions public.pf/dsp/covid-19/communique- 10 imposed in March. Officials have temporarily cellule-crise/ 0 Gatherings of any banned cruise ships from size and domestic arriving.273 State services in French Polynesia travel is now (COVID-19 news): Scheduled flights between http://www.polynesie- allowed and schools Paris and Papeete are francaise.pref.gouv.fr/index.php//Actua are re-opened and 0 Deaths – 60* confirmed cases as of 4 JUN expected to resume next lites/Communiques-de-presse/2020
*No new cases since 5 MAY the night time 274 269 month. COVID-19 Data Repository by CSSE at JHU, updated to PREVIOUS day curfew was lifted. WHO in French Polynesia: https://www.who.int/frenchpolynesia for French Polynesia: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19
Disaster Risk: French Polynesia is faced with a variety of disaster risks. These include tropical cyclones, sea level changes, storm surge, floods, tsunami, landslides, erosion, drought, climate change, and disease outbreaks.275276277278
French Polynesia is a French overseas territory comprised of around 35 volcanic islands and about 183 low-lying coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, of which 67 are inhabited. This includes the island groups of the Society Islands (Tahiti, Moorea, and Bora-Bora), Marquesas Islands (Hiva Oa and Ua Huka), and Austral Islands (Tubuai and Rurutu). It covers 4,167 million square kilometers, with a land area of 3,521 square kilometers. The
266 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/406393/dengue-outbreak-stabilises-in-french-polynesia-authorities 267 https://reliefweb.int/report/french-polynesia-france/la-dengue-2-toujours-pr-sente 268 https://www.frommers.com/destinations/french-polynesia/planning-a-trip/when-to-go 269 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/417162/french-polynesia-lifts-covid-19-restrictions 270 https://fj.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/covid-19-information/ 271 https://www.service-public.pf/dsp/covid-19/ 272 https://fj.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/covid-19-information/ 273 https://fj.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/covid-19-information/ 274 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/418019/quarantine-terms-debated-for-french-overseas-territories 275 https://reliefweb.int/country/pyf 276 https://www.frommers.com/destinations/french-polynesia/planning-a-trip/when-to-go 277 https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=6371 278 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fp.html
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population is approximately 295,121 (2020 est.). French Polynesia is divided into five administrative units: Austral Islands, Windward Islands, Marquesas Islands, Leeward Islands and Tuamotu-Gambier. 279280281282 The head of state is a high commissioner appointed by the president of France. The head of government is a president elected by the Assembly, comprised of representatives elected by vote.283
National organization response The Directorate of Health (Direction de la Sante) is a directorate of the government of French Polynesia. It carries out public health objectives and is responsible to coordinate, implement and monitor public health activities. It also provides management of public health facilities.284 The Institut Louis Malardé (ILM) is a public institution, under the Minister of Research which provides coronavirus testing. The ILM also conducts analysis, research and trading in the fields of health, environment, hygiene and food. (https://www.ilm.pf/qui-sommes-nous/) The first confirmed COVID-19 case in Polynesia was recorded on 10 March 2020. As of 2 June, 60 cases in total were recorded. The largest confirmed cluster of 29 people was identified on an Ecuadorian fishing vessel on 20 May.285 Those on the vessel are considered as part of a different count of cases since they are considered to be in transit. One person from the vessel was hospitalized in Taaone.286287 The French Polynesia COVID-19 Crisis Cell, under the leadership of the Minister of Health, was created in March. This unit is based on five areas of action: 1) Communication and community engagement, 2) Health operations and technical expertise 3) Operational and logistical support, 4) Administration and finances, and 5) Information and planning.288 On 21 May, French Polynesia lifted internal restrictions imposed in March. President Edouard Fritch and French High Commissioner Dominique Sorain jointly made the announcement after determining that the COVID- 19 virus stopped circulating in the territory.289 No state of emergency was declared.290 Travelers to French Polynesia are required to show a health certificate, dated within five days of departure, certifying that they are free of infection. Passengers are also required to fill out a health questionnaire while on the flight and to list where they are staying for the 14-day self-quarantine.291 The French government is exploring easing quarantine restrictions in an effort to revive the tourism industry. Leaders in French Polynesia have also been discussing the idea of exempting some visitors to high-end destinations, such as Bora Bora, by creating “special travel corridors.”292 The Crisis Cell, the Directorate of Health, the Regulatory Agency for Health and Social Action (ARASS) and the Country's IT Department have been working to adapt software specialized in the prevention and monitoring of epidemics, called FIRIORA. The FIRIORA platform is intended to monitor the COVID-19 cases and will later be able to provide surveillance of people arriving in the territory.293
279 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/french-polynesia 280 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fp.html 281 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/french-polynesia 282 https://uk.france.fr/en/news/article/french-overseas-territories 283 https://iris.wpro.who.int/handle/10665.1/13943 284 http://www.ville-papeete.pf/preview.php?id=66 285 https://www.service-public.pf/dsp/2020/05/29/situation-coronavirus-290520/ 286 https://reliefweb.int/map/world/epidemic-and-emerging-disease-alerts-pacific-25-may-2020 287 http://www.looptonga.com/global-news/more-residents-repatriated-tahiti-after-covid-19-wait-france-92351 288 https://www.service-public.pf/dsp/2020/03/23/article-note-presse-cellule-crise-230320/ 289 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/417162/french-polynesia-lifts-covid-19-restrictions 290 https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/wpro---documents/dps/outbreaks-and-emergencies/covid-19/covid-19-external-situation-report- 13.pdf?sfvrsn=604af9a9_2 291 https://fj.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/covid-19-information/ 292 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/418019/quarantine-terms-debated-for-french-overseas-territories 293 https://www.service-public.pf/dsp/2020/05/28/article-cellule-note-presse-crise-280520/
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Dengue outbreak: According to the latest health watch bulletin, 19 new cases of dengue type 2 were confirmed between 6 April and 3 May. Since the outbreak began in April 2019, 2,882 people have been affected. A total of 15 islands have been affected by the outbreak. The newest island to be affected is Raivavae. The other affected islands are Tahiti, Moorea, Bora Bora, Raiatea, Huahine, Taha'a, Rangiroa, Nuku Hiva, Ua Pou, Hiva Oa, Ua Huka, Fatu Hiva, Tubuai and Rurutu. The report also mentions "high" leptospirosis activity. Between 6 April and 3 May, 17 cases were confirmed.294 A major Zika outbreak occurred in French Polynesia from 2013 to 2014 that resulted in 30,000 cases before spreading to seven other island states in the Pacific.295 On 25 May, a group of 152 people landed back in Tahiti on a French-government chartered flight from France in another repatriation flight. The charter flies about every 10 days. Anyone landing in Tahiti from France must be tested for COVID-19 before departure and go into quarantine for two weeks on arrival. The flights also carry relief supplies from France, including pharmaceutical supplies and masks. Four more flights are planned until the end of June when airline services are expected to resume. 296 297
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The Red Cross said during the recent lockdown that nearly US$100,000 was spent on food for the poor as the need for help increased.298 PPE donated from the Jack Ma Foundation was utilized by the Pacific Humanitarian Pathway on COVID-19 (PHP-C) in conjunction with the World Health Organization (WHO) to donate 55,000 facial masks and 20,000 protective masks to Pacific Island Forum (PIF) countries. French Polynesia received 10% of supplies.299300
Country-specific planning considerations
Quarantine facilities: On 20 May the government issued new quarantine rules after previous ones were found to be illegal. In a new ordinance, arriving travelers must go into quarantine for 14 days in either facilities set up by the government or at home. The new rules were introduced after an administrative court ruled that it was illegal not to give an individual a choice of venue.301 In March, officials decided to take care of homeless people in emergency accommodation facilities in response to the outbreak302 The government recently said many have since left the state-funded shelters.303 The government gave a quarter of a million US dollars to local association, To Torea, to assist.304
Health: The Centre Hospitalier de la Polynésie Française (CHPF, also known as the French Polynesia Hospital) is the national referral hospital. Public hospitals are located in Tahiti, Moorea, Raiatea and Nuku Hiva islands, and there are an additional 115 public health facilities. The population is covered by social health insurance.305 Every 306 island also has a government clinic.
Security: No significant COVID-19 related security incidents to report. Return to TOC
294 https://reliefweb.int/report/french-polynesia-france/la-dengue-2-toujours-pr-sente 295 https://www.ghsindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/2019-Global-Health-Security-Index.pdf 296 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/416444/more-french-polynesians-repatriated-from-france 297 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/417432/more-residents-repatriated-to-tahiti-after-covid-19-wait-in-france 298 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/417085/french-polynesia-updates-covid-19-quarantine-rules 299 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/414837/first-covid-19-supplies-arrive-through-forum-s-pathway-programme 300 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/417548/who-pif-medical-supplies-arrive-in-fiji 301 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/417085/french-polynesia-updates-covid-19-quarantine-rules 302 https://www.service-public.pf/dsp/2020/05/28/article-cellule-note-presse-crise-280520/ 303 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/03/coronavirus-in-the-pacific-weekly-briefing 304 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/417802/tahiti-homeless-quit-covid-19-shelters 305 https://iris.wpro.who.int/handle/10665.1/13943 306 https://www.frommers.com/destinations/french-polynesia/planning-a-trip/health--safety
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GUAM (U.S.) Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Resources Considerations Measures/Access
Guam is an The Governor extended the Guam Dept. of Public Health Guam COVID-19 Total Case Trend unincorporated Public Health Emergency until and Social Services, COVID-19: territory of the U.S. 30 May, by signing on 30 APR http://dphss.guam.gov/covid- 200 and is home to Joint Executive Order 2020-11, which 19/ 190 Region Marianas also establishes the Pandemic COVID-19 Cases Database 180 (JRM), which Conditions of Readiness (PCOR) 170 https://github.com/CSSEGISan oversees Naval Base System as part of the 160 dData/COVID-19 150 Guam, Andersen Air Governor’s Chålan Para 140 Force Base, and the Hinemlo’ recovery plan.308 The Guam Homeland Security 130 other military Office of Civil Defense page 120 Travel restrictions and a installations that posts daily updates on 110 mandatory 14-day quarantine in 100 occupy the island. information on COVID-19. a government facility for those https://www.ghs.guam.gov Guam has developed, arriving on the island are but limited, medical currently imposed.309 Governor Leon Guerrero’s resources and Facebook Page is: President Trump made a infrastructure. Guam https://www.facebook.com/g disaster declaration 28 MAR for 5 Deaths – 179 confirmed cases as of 4 JUN has 168,000 ovlouguam/ the territory of Guam, ordering residents and COVID-19 Data Repository by CSSE at JHU updated to PREVIOUS federal assistance to approximately 6,000 Pandemic Conditions of day for Guam: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 supplement local efforts in U.S. service Readiness (PCOR) System 310 members.307 areas affected by COVID-19. http://www.investguam.com/ roadtorecovery/
Disaster Risk: Guam is vulnerable to storms during the wet season and destructive tropical cyclones.311 Guam is extremely vulnerable to the effects of climate change because of its small size, geographical remoteness, and exposure to threats such as sea-level rise and increased storm surge.312
National organization response The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) Guam coordinates and facilitates all Government of Guam, Military, and Federal Liaison Response Agencies and their resources in mitigating, preparing, responding, and recovering from any and all types of emergencies in order to protect the lives, environment, and property of the island of Guam. The OCD website is: (http://ghs.guam.gov).313 The OCD page posts daily updates on information on COVID-19. The Guam Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan (GUAM CEMP) is the master operations document for the Territory of Guam in responding to all emergencies, and all catastrophic, major, and minor disasters. The GUAM CEMP describes the basic strategies, assumptions, operational objectives, and mechanisms through which the Guam Emergency Operations Center Emergency Support Function (EOC ESF) Team will mobilize resources and conduct activities to guide and support local emergency management efforts through preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. The GUAM CEMP provides for integration of territorial response operations with the federal agencies responding to emergency situations in Guam at the request of the Governor. If on-hand island resources, and capabilities, whether public or private, are exhausted, additional
307 https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/guams-growing-coronavirus-challenge/ 308 http://dphss.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/JIC-Release-No.-101-Governor-Signs-Executive-Order-2020-11-Public-Health-Emergency- Extended.docx.pdf 309 https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/guams-growing-coronavirus-challenge/ 310 https://www.postguam.com/news/local/white-house-announces-guam-a-major-disaster-area/article_a2ef94c8-7162-11ea-8843-6b16b912cea2.html 311 https://www.britannica.com/place/Guam 312 https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/50118ddce4b0d78fd4e59ba3 313 https://www.preventionweb.net/organizations/4449/view
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resources may be requested from other states through the Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC), from the Department of Defense through the Defense Coordinating Officer (DCO), or his representatives, and from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) through the Federal Coordinating Officer (FCO).314 On 28 March U.S. President Trump declared that a major disaster exists in the territory of Guam and ordered Federal assistance to supplement territory and local recovery efforts in the areas affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. FEMA also announced that federal emergency aid has been made available for Guam. Robert J. Fenton from FEMA was named the Federal Coordinating Officer for Federal recovery operations in the affected areas.315 FEMA’s webpage is: (https://www.fema.gov/coronavirus/best-practices). On March 22, President Trump directed the Secretary of Defense to permit full federal reimbursement through FEMA for states’ use of their National Guard forces. This provides Governors continued command of their National Guard forces, while being federally funded under Title 32. Each state’s National Guard is still under the authority of the Governor and is working in concert with the DoD.316 An Expeditionary Medical Facility (EMF) is being built on Naval Base Guam by NMCB-5. The EMF will provide expanded medical capabilities in support of DoD’s COVID-19 response and will enable forces to be postured to support Guam and the region if a Defense Support of Civil Authorities mission is requested.317 The purpose of the EMF is to provide care to people who may be infected with the virus. In order to make sure that bringing the personnel to Guam didn’t inadvertently spread the virus, movements of CBMU 303 personnel and cargo were made with the proper personal protection gear on and the Sailors from CBMU 303 were immediately put into a 14-day restriction of movement (ROM) onboard Naval Base Guam after they arrived. When they safely complete their ROM and are verified as COVID free, they will begin construction of the EMF. A skilled and dedicated team of U.S. Navy Seabees are providing engineering and logistics support to the EMF.318
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The American Red Cross of Guam serves all 19 villages in Guam. It is assisting with response and blood banks.319
Country-specific planning considerations Health Information: There is a current dengue outbreak in Guam.320 Guam has elevated rates of noncommunicable diseases like diabetes, cancer, and heart disease leading to a larger population of health- compromised individuals who may have elevated risk factors for COVID-19. Forecast models indicate Guam Memorial Hospital (GMH) and Skilled Nursing Units may reach maximum capacity (250 beds) this week, even if all non-COVID-19 patients can be relocated to Guam Regional Medical City (GRMC), a 136-bed acute care hospital. It is important to note that GMH, the island’s primary healthcare facility, has struggled to retain accreditation and is frequently at maximum capacity, even under normal circumstances. Guam’s public health director confirms the number of coronavirus tests that have been performed by the Department of Public Health and Social Services. There is no on-island V.A. for military.321 Quarantine Information: If you travel to Guam, you will be subject to quarantine at a government-designated facility, even if transiting. You may only be exempt if you have a Government of Guam recognized and certified medical certificate confirming you are not infected with COVID-19; issued within 72 hours of arrival.322 Security: Entry restrictions implemented 21 FEB. Governor Lou Leon Guerrero has declared a state of public health emergency in Guam. All government travel on Guam has been cancelled. 323 Return to TOC
314 https://ghs.guam.gov/sites/default/files/a_basic_cemp_v8_12_13_16.pdf 315 https://www.postguam.com/news/local/white-house-announces-guam-a-major-disaster-area/article_a2ef94c8-7162-11ea-8843-6b16b912cea2.html 316 https://www.fema.gov/coronavirus/governments 317 https://www.facebook.com/pg/NavyExpeditionaryCombatCommand/photos/?tab=album&album_id=10163273851135632 318 https://www.pacom.mil/Media/News/News-Article-View/Article/2161083/pacific-seabees-demonstrate-expeditionary-expertise-support-covid-19-flight/ 319 https://www.redcross.org/local/guam.html 320 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/guam 321 https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/guams-growing-coronavirus-challenge/ 322 https://www.smartraveller.gov.au/destinations/pacific/guam 323 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/411810/covid-19-three-cases-confirmed-on-guam-emergency-declared
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INDIA Return to TOC COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Considerations Measures/Access Resources
India TC Amphan made landfall India ends lockdown, with the first COVID-19 website: 324 “unlock” phase 1-30 JUN.330 https://www.mygov. COVID-19 Total Case Trend 20 May in West Bengal. 250,000 in/covid-19/ Indian Govt. suspended 230,000 Air India has announced additional visas and quarantining all commercially operated evacuation Flight/border 210,000 325 incoming travelers. flights departing from India to restrictions: 190,000 international destinations, https://in.usembassy.g 170,000 Domestic flight services to ov/covid-19- 150,000 resume 25 May. Railways including the United States, to information/ 130,000 remain closed until 30 evacuate stranded Indian citizens. Ministry of Home 110,000 326 U.S. persons eligible to travel on June. Affairs 90,000 these flights. Tickets made 331 https://www.mha.gov.i 70,000 Restricted access to human available 30 MAY. n rights organizations and 50,000 New guidelines detailing some international NGOs and Ministry of Health and 327 relaxed restrictions in green and Family Welfare: foreign staff. 332 orange zones. Uttar Pradesh, https://www.mohfw.g Curfew remains 7pm-7am Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu states ov.in MOHFW helpline for all non-essential and all 11 Delhi districts still red number: +91-11-23978046 activities.328 zones (hot spots) and maintaining (Toll Free: 1075) 6,649 Deaths – 236,184 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN heavy restrictions. Maharashtra is India’s https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html Central Help Line worst affected stated The GoI has decided to re-start numbers for States and accounting for 1/3rd of the domestic air travel beginning 25 Union Territories at: country’s cases. Mumbai May.333 https://www.mohfw.g and Pune are the worst ov.in/pdf/coronvavirus affected cities in On 18 May, Air India announced helplinenumber.pdf international evacuation flights Maharashtra. COVID-19 Cases departing from India. Foreign Database New daily high reported for citizens in India are eligible to use https://github.com/CSS 28 MAY with 7,300 new these flights to return home, EGISandData/COVID-19 329 COVID-19 cases. including flights to the U.S.334
SPECIAL SECTION – Tropical Cyclone (TC) Amphan: TC Amphan made landfall in eastern India and Bangladesh at 5pm local time 20 May, with sustained winds of 160km (100mph).335As of 26 MAY, nearly 60 million people were affected in India’s West Bengal and Odisha states, with at least 80 people killed in West Bengal alone. More than 700,000 people were evacuated across India and at least 80,000 homes have been damaged or destroyed. Extensive damage has been reported to thatched houses, standing crops, horticulture, and fisheries. Cyclone response is being impeded by disruptions in electricity, communication and transport networks. The authorities have instructed affected districts to ensure social distancing is maintained and
324 https://reliefweb.int/report/india/tropical-cyclone-amphan-threatens-india-and-bangladesh 325 https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/quarantine-india-covid-19-coronavirus/ 326 https://www.india-briefing.com/news/covid-19-india-latest-updates-business-advisory-20322.html/ 327 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/20200420_acaps_short_note_jammu_and_kashmir_lockdown.pdf 328 https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/covid-19-govt-extends-lockdown-by-two-more-weeks/article31482605.ece 329 https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/blob/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_global.csv 330 https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-in-india-spreading-fast-as-covid-19-lockdown-moves-unlock-phase-today-2020-06-01/ 331 https://in.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 332 https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/covid-19-govt-extends-lockdown-by-two-more-weeks/article31482605.ece 333 https://static.mygov.in/rest/s3fs-public/mygov_159004757451307401.pdf 334 https://in.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 335 https://reliefweb.int/report/india/india-bangladesh-tropical-cyclone-amphan-update-dg-echo-gdacs-un-ocha-imd-bmd-media
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other COVID-19 protective measures are adhered to during the evacuations.336 Odisha state’s four coastal districts of Bhadrak, Balasore, Kendrapada and Jagatsingpur suffered extensive damage, per the Government of India (GoI). The local governments have been asked to release a more detailed assessment over the next 48 hours as government teams meet to discuss damages. A total of 36 teams of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) and Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force (ODRAF) have been working along with 100 teams of the Odisha Forest Development Corporation (OFDC). Different agencies including the State Disaster Response Force (SDRF), Civic agencies, and the Fire Brigade have also started relief and restoration work.337 In northeastern India’s Assam and Sikkim states heavy rain caused extensive flooding and landslide, leading to two people injured and one fatality after a landslide in North Sikkim District on 24 MAY and damaged road and bridge infrastructure. More than 30,000 people across 5 districts have been affected, with some 9,000 people displaced to 33 relief camps. In Assam, the water level of Jia Bharali and Puthimari rivers remain above danger level as of 25 MAY. Assam has red alerts for heavy rain and thunderstorms for 26-27 May, with more rain forecast over Assam and Sikkim states.338
Disaster Risk: The INFORM Global Risk Index’s overall ranking for India is 29 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) for disasters.339 India is exposed floods, cyclones, droughts, and earthquakes.340 India’s INFORM COVID-19 risk is 4.6/10, placing it in the “medium” COVID risk class (10 indicating highest risk).341
National organization response : Lockdown ended, with the first unlock phase from 1-30 JUN, despite rising COVID-19 cases and fatalities. Most businesses can resume and most movement restrictions on people and goods are lifted. Inter-state travel resumed as 200 more trains went into operation 1 JUN, after only 35 special trains had been running for several weeks to help stranded migrant workers return home from cities.342 It's the biggest change in the rules since March 25 India hit the highest COVID-19 death toll in Asia on 28 MAY, when its 4.695 fatalities surpassed China’s 4,638 fatalities. Government experts acknowledge the outbreak will not peak until June or July.343 A mandatory COVID-19 tracing application ‘The Aarogya Setu App’ is required for all government and private sector employees in India which uses location and personal data to aid the country’s contact tracing efforts.344 It has prompted concerns of security and privacy issues for citizens of which developers of the app refute.345 The Federal Government sent support teams to assist with managing outbreak in 10 states including Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Delhi.346 India’s Prime Minister announced a COVID-19 Rescue Package for citizens of $260 Billion (approximately 10% of India’s GDP) to mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic.347 The government has divided India into three color coded zones which are continuously monitored for rise and fall in cases: red zones, with "significant risk of spread of the infection"; green zones, with either zero cases or no confirmed cases in the past 21 days; and orange zones in between. Red and orange zones will continue to have intensified contact tracing, house-to-house surveillance, and no movement in or out, except for medical emergencies and the supply of essential goods and services, according to a Ministry of Home Affairs statement.348 Some lockdown restrictions were relaxed for economic activity in low-risk areas, as of 4 May.349
336 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ROAP_Snapshot_200526.pdf 337 https://reliefweb.int/report/india/super-cyclonic-storm-amphan-causes-havoc-parts-west-bengal-odisha 338 https://reliefweb.int/report/india/india-flooding-and-landslide-asdma-floodlist-imd-media-echo-daily-flash-26-may-2020 339 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 340 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks 341 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic 342 https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-in-india-spreading-fast-as-covid-19-lockdown-moves-unlock-phase-today-2020-06-01/ 343 https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/south-asia/article/3086614/indias-coronavirus-deaths-overtake-chinas-stretched-doctors 344 https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/aarogya-setu-app-mandatory-massive-showdown-erupts-congress-calls-it-surveillance-system-centre- defends/587357 345 https://www.hindustantimes.com/tech/aarogya-setu-responds-to-hacker-s-claim-of-privacy-issue/story-tkQsplRpupawXuy3XlfPYI.html 346 https://www.india-briefing.com/news/covid-19-india-latest-updates-business-advisory-20322.html/ 347 https://www.npr.org/2020/05/13/855096170/indias-prime-minister-announces-260-billion-covid-19-rescue-package 348 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/india-coronavirus-lockdown-extended-weeks-easing-200501141218380.html 349 https://finance.yahoo.com/news/asia-today-no-cases-n-023134743.html
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India’s Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has overall responsibility for disaster management along with India’s National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). It has posted orders and guidelines on its MHA website found here: (https://www.mha.gov.in/). India’s government has ordered implementation of lockdown measures in response to COVID-19, as per guidelines issued under the Disaster Management Act 2005.350 The State Governments are responsible for the primary function of coordinating disaster management activities. The State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) is headed by the Chief Minister of each state.351 India’s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) is keeping the public informed of developments via the MoHFW website at (https://www.mohfw.gov.in/). MoHFW is also hosting a Psycho-Social toll-free helpline for citizens dealing with COVID-10 related stress and providing stress management including yoga and other training on its website. The country’s lockdown has significantly affected the economy with over 120 million people with job losses.352 More than 60% of COVID-19 cases are in five cities, including Mumbai, Delhi, and Ahmedabad said V.K. Paul, chair of Empowered Group-1, a group set up to help tackle the COVID-19 crisis.353 The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) released guidance on immunization services during the outbreak and urged that immunization health services were essential and needed to be continued to protect children and pregnant women from vaccine preventable diseases. Details of the guidance can be found here: “Immunization Services during and post COVID-19 Outbreak,” https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/3ImmunizationServicesduringCOVIDOutbreakSummary150520202.pdf India is working with Arab Gulf states for a large-scale repatriation of migrant workers stranded by the pandemic, which officials say could bring home 192,000 Indians by mid-June in first wave alone.354 Testing for COVID-19 has been scaled up significantly. India is reportedly conducting around 100,000 tests per day now.355 The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) said there has been a 1000-fold increase in the number of COVID-19 tests done per day in the last two months. More than 2.5 million tests have been done so far according to ICMR.356 During the lockdown, Maharashtra, India’s worst affected state, has used drones to monitor physical distancing and applied a cluster containment strategy: if three or more patients are diagnosed, all houses within 3 km are surveyed to detect further cases, trace contacts, and raise awareness.357 Maharashtra continues to be the worst affected state in India with more than half the national tally followed by Tamil Nadu. Both are “red” states who extended their lockdown to 31 May before the 17 May announcement to extend.358Maharashtra released separate guidelines for lockdown.359 Press Trust of India (PTI) reported that noted Indian public health expert and epidemiologist Giridhara R Babu, Professor and Head of Life Course Epidemiology at the Public Health Foundation of India, cautioned that India may witness cases peaking in mid-July if the current lockdown is lifted at the end of May, but also hoped that there could be a “lower surge” due to measures taken in the past two months.360 Union Health Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan on 22 May became chair of the WHO Executive Board.361 Air India announced commercially operated evacuation flights from India to international destinations, including the U.S., to evacuate stranded Indian citizens. U.S. persons are eligible, tickets available 30 MAY.362
350 https://www.mha.gov.in/ 351 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks 352 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52698828 353 https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-coronavirus-lockdown-may-22-2020-live-updates/article31646810.ece 354 https://www.wsj.com/articles/india-prepares-large-scale-repatriation-of-workers-stranded-by-pandemic-11588620671 355 https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/05/india-states-covid-federalism-kerala.html 356 https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/indias-covid-19-tally-crosses-1-16-lakh-govt-says-mortality-rate-less-than-half-of-global-average-88009 357 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30938-7/fulltext 358 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52698828 359 https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/coronavirus/news/maharashtra-lockdown-4-0-guidelines-full-list-of-whats-allowed-whats-not-in-red-zones- mumbai-pune-thane-navi-mumbai-parlours-salons-taxis-ubers-not-allowed/articleshow/75825929.cms 360 https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/indias-covid-19-tally-crosses-1-16-lakh-govt-says-mortality-rate-less-than-half-of-global-average-88009 361 https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/coronavirus-roundup-developments-in-india-and-rest-of-world/articleshow/75895849.cms 362 https://in.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/
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Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) On 14 May, the World Bank approved US$1 billion for the 'Accelerating India's COVID-19 Social Protection Response Program' to support India’s social assistance to the poor and vulnerable households, severely impacted by the pandemic. Total commitment from the World Bank towards emergency COVID-19 response in India is now US$2 billion.363 The WHO Country Office for India has been working closely with India’s Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW) on preparedness & response measures including surveillance, contact tracing, laboratory diagnosis, risk communications and community engagement, hospital preparedness, infection prevention and control, and implementation of containment plan.364 UNFPA partnered with Patna Municipal Corporation in Bihar to provide essential services to pregnant women and the elderly, including free travel assistance to health facilities, which is a lifeline during lockdown.365 The Indian Red Cross Society is collecting units of blood and distributing food packets, face masks, medicine, and other aid.366 A recent avalanche in Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand blocked access to the Gangotri National Hospital for days, but the Indian Red Cross provided relief & other essential commodities to villagers cut-off due to the heavy landslide.367 IFRC is present in the country and is working through the Country Cluster Support Team (CCST) office in New Delhi. ICRC is also present in the country as well as the Qatar Red Crescent and Canadian Red Cross. All are coordinating with each other for TC Amphan response.368 The ACT Alliance reported that India Forum, through Church’s Auxiliary for Social Action (CASA) and Lutheran World Service India Trust (LWSIT) are coordinating with state level Inter-Agency Groups, Sphere India, and GO-NGO to help ensure an efficient response to TC Amphan. The Forum is also planning to respond to the pandemic through the “ACT Alliance Global Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic-ACT 201” (global appeal).369370 HelpAge is organizing food distributions for marginalized older populations in New Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and other cities. The group assists around 10-12,000 people a day.371 ECHO reports that EUR 500,000 from the Acute Large Emergency Response Tool (ALERT) was allocated on 21 May for humanitarian needs in West Bengal state.372
Country-specific planning considerations The number of COVID-19 cases in India has been doubling every three weeks but the epidemic is not growing exponentially in the country and South Asia region, the WHO said on 5 JUN. “The disease has not exploded, but there is always the risk of that happening," said Dr. Mike Ryan, WHO's top emergency expert. Soumya Swaminathan, WHO's chief scientist, noting India has a population of 1.3 billion, said that the 200,000 reported cases, "look big but for a country of this size it's still modest.”373 India has 164.33 confirmed COVID-19 cases per million (CPM) people, compared to 134.92 CPM in Japan, 227.58 CPM in South Korea, and 847 CPM globally.374 Health Information: India’s MoHFW has created a process for suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 in which patients are categorized into three groups and managed in the respective COVID hospitals. Screening is being done at “Fever clinics.” Suspected cases go directly to a COVID dedicated facility. Mild and very mild cases are admitted to designated COVID Care Centers (hotels, lodges, hostels, stadiums). Moderate cases are admitted to a dedicated COVID Health Center. Severe cases such as patients with breathing issues are admitted to a dedicated COVID Hospital with an ICU facility. All admitted patients are tested for COVID-19. There are further procedures for patients testing
363 https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/coronavirus-india-live-updates-economic-package-lockdown-extension-migrant-workers- covid-19-global-cases-death-toll-maharashtra-delhi-china-usa-latest-news-120051500117_1.html 364 https://www.who.int/india/emergencies/novel-coronavirus-2019 365 https://asiapacific.unfpa.org/en/news/indias-bihar-state-lifesaving-support-pregnant-women-and-new-mothers-amid-covid-19 366 https://indianredcross.org/ircs/sites/default/files/IRCS%20COVID19%20Bulletin%20No.%2022_0.pdf 367 https://indianredcross.org/ircs/sites/default/files/IRCS%20COVID19%20Bulletin%20No.%2022_0.pdf 368 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/MDRIN025do.pdf 369 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ALERT-Bangladesh-India-Cyclone-Amphan.pdf 370 https://actalliance.org/appeals-rapid-response-funds/global-act-alliance-global-response-to-the-covid-19-pandemic-act201/ 371 https://reliefweb.int/report/india/pandemic-has-exposed-and-exacerbated-neglect-older-people-india 372 https://reliefweb.int/report/india/india-bangladesh-tropical-cyclone-amphan-update-dg-echo-gdacs-un-ocha-imd-bmd-media 373 https://finance.yahoo.com/news/covid-19-epidemics-india-south-161523107.html 374 Accessed 5 JUN 2020. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/total-covid-cases-deaths-per-million?time=2020-03-13..
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negative and positive.375 Accurately accounting for COVID-19 fatalities may be a challenge, since 80% of deaths occur at home.376
Migrants: Since India commenced lockdown on 24 MAR, millions of Indian daily-wage earners have been stranded in urban centers. Some people were permitted people to go home to their villages through state government facilitation, but these were quickly overrun. Thousands of others have been placed in quarantine centers and relief camps.377 The 24 MAR lockdown led to an unprecedented reverse migration from India’s cities as workers abruptly jobless rushed to inter-state buses and trains, which were shut down along with most businesses. Many walked miles in desperation -- some reached their villages, but others became stranded and forced into makeshift camps. Workers have initiated 4 demonstrations, clashing with police over the past 7 weeks demanding the right to go home.378 On 15 MAY, Union Home Secretary announced to Chief Secretaries of states/UTs that there is no movement of migrant workers on roads and railway tracks, and to facilitate their movement through special buses or Shramik special trains after migrants were still being noticed in several parts of the country. They are taken to nearby shelters and provided food/water until transportation is available.379 Kerala state set up thousands of shelters for migrant workers.380 Some workers continue to make their way to their home villages, many of whom are on foot. District officials requesting the state government to accommodate them until after the current TC AMPHAN storm passes.381 Monitoring and testing of the migrants who have returned home may accelerate or widen the spread of the virus and officials are watching for the 2 week incubation period to trace the impact of not only the migrations but also the ease in lockdown restrictions for the country.382
Quarantine Information: The Narela Quarantine Center is among the largest in India for housing those suspected of having COVID-19. It was established by the Delhi Government in mid-March. The Indian Army has taken over the responsibility of managing the Narela Quarantine Center in Delhi during the daytime and medical staff are managing it at night. The Indian Army is also running quarantine centers for civilians at Jodhpur, Jaiselmer, and Manesar. This is in addition to quarantine centers set up at military stations for defense personnel. To account for isolation and treatment (including ICU-based care) for COVID-19 cases, orders notifying 50 Armed Forces hospitals as dedicated COVID hospitals and mixed COVID hospitals have been issued. These hospitals have a combined bed capacity of 9,038 patients. 100 medical officers from recruiting organizations are being detailed to work in hospitals where COVID wards are being established.383
Security: ACLED warns that the evacuation and housing of populations in shelters due to TC Amphan may lead to a rise in disorder as people fear sharing public space during the pandemic. In West Bengal clashes occurred last week after Muslim citizens were barred from using public toilets after reports of positive COVID-19 cases in their neighborhood. ACLED says that reports say the attacks were systematically coordinated towards the Muslim population and this is part of an alarming trend across the country.384 17,000 prisoners in Maharashtra Prisons department were granted temporary parole385 and in Delhi, 1,056 convicts have been released on emergency parole, and thousands more have been released under interim bail, personal bond and granted special remission due to coronavirus concerns.386 Return to TOC
375 https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/FinalGuidanceonMangaementofCovidcasesversion2.pdf 376 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52435463 377 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52475387 378 https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/economics/article/3083167/coronavirus-modis-lockdown-leaves-india-facing-future-without 379 https://news.abplive.com/news/india/coronavirus-india-lockdown-4-live-updates-total-covid-19-death-and-active-cases-economy-package-news-1229071 380 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30938-7/fulltext 381 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-52734259 382 https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/migrants-to-be-tracked-focus-on-keeping-toll-low-centre/articleshow/75837356.cms?utm_source=twitter.com&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=TOIIndiaNews 383 https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/army-takes-over-management-of-indias-largest-covid-quarantine-centre-in-delhi-73315 384 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/cyclone.pdf 385 http://www.rfi.fr/en/international/20200516-indian-inmates-released-from-overcrowded-jails-to-limit-covid-19-spread-lockdown 386 https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/three-days-after-first-covid-19-case-16-test-positive-at-rohini-jail-6412816/
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INDONESIA Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Considerations Measures/Access Resources
Multiple ongoing On 26 May, TNI deployed 340,000 Ministry of Health Indonesia COVID-19 Total Case Trend disasters within soldiers to enforce safe distancing (MOH) website: 389 30,000 Indonesia (Floods, and wearing masks. https://www.kemkes.go.id/ landslides, drought, On 23 April, the government The MOH has set up an 29,000 volcanic activity), as well announced the suspension of information hotline. 28,000 as dengue outbreaks. domestic air travel in and out of Details about the 27,000 Badan Nasional regions covered by Large-Scale information hotline are 26,000 Penanggulangan Social Movement Restrictions available on its website Bencana (BNPB) (PSBB) and COVID-19 red zones. and: +62-21-5210411 or 25,000 reported approximately +62-82-12123119.394 On 4 May the policy was changed 24,000 145,000 affected people to allow a limited number of in Central Kalimantan The National Task Force: 23,000 domestic flights, this will allow https://www.covid19.go.id due to heavy rains since foreign nationals to board / 22,000 30 April. Flooding and domestic flights to transit to an landslides also occurring MOFA – COVID Referral 21,000 outbound international flight out in several other places Hospitals 20,000 of Jakarta. International flights are across the country.387 https://kemlu.go.id/portal/ still authorized to operate under en/read/1126/siaran_pers/ Ibu and Sangeang this policy.390 information-from-the- Volcanoes are active and indonesian-authority- Health certificates required as well both remain under Alert about-the-list-of-corona- 1,770 Deaths – 29,521 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN as a travel endorsement letter for virus-referral-hospitals-in- Level II.388 air transport.391 indonesia https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html Recent disasters There are restrictions on domestic National Logistics requiring international 392 Cluster Concept of assistance placed access road, rail, and sea transport. Operations Map: restriction measures for Jakarta's governor announced that https://reliefweb.int/map/i international aid the partial lockdown in the capital ndonesia/indonesia- workers. would be extended for another 14 national-logistics-cluster- 393 concept-operations-map- days until 4 June. april-2020
Disaster Risk: The INFORM Global Risk Index’s overall ranking for Indonesia is 55 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) for disasters and humanitarian crises. On INFORM’s COVID-19 Risk Index, Indonesia is assessed as being in the “medium” COVID risk class, based on its COVID risk of 4.4 on a scale of 1-10, where 10 indicates highest risk.395 Heavy rains have continued to cause disruption in parts of Indonesia. Heavy rain affected Bogor Regency in West Java Province on 19 May, causing flooding. According to the AHA Centre, almost 16,000 people have
387 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/DWeek_19_04-10May_2020-1.pdf 388 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/DWeek_19_04-10May_2020-1.pdf 389 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-indonesia-idUSKBN2320IJ 390 https://id.usembassy.gov/health-alert-covid-19-update-47-u-s-embassy-jakarta/ 391 https://id.usembassy.gov/health-alert-covid-19-update-47-u-s-embassy-jakarta/ 392 https://id.usembassy.gov/health-alert-covid-19-update-47-u-s-embassy-jakarta/ 393 http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-05/20/c_139072496.htm 394 https://id.usembassy.gov/health-alert-covid-19-update-46-u-s-embassy-jakarta/ 395 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/inform-covid-analysis-v01
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been affected in Gunung Putri and Parung Panjang districts. Light rain is forecast across Bogor Regency on 22-23 May.396 Heavy rains in recent days have triggered flooding in Aceh Timur, Aceh Jaya districts, in Aceh province, affecting around 3,000 people.397398 Lebak and Serang districts in Banten province are also experiencing flooding due to heavy rains and the increased volume of the Ciberang River, affecting close to 1,700 people.399400 Coastal flooding also occurred in Demak District, Central Java Province.401 Floods and landslides triggered by heavy rains have affected parts of Indonesia over the past several weeks. Earlier this month, the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) said the rainy season, initially forecast to end in April, would last to May in Jakarta and June in other parts of Java.402
Indonesia COVID-19 Forecast Historical Events: Major events: 1400 Dec 2004 earthquake and tsunami: Nearly 170,000 people dead, more than 200,000 homes 1200 destroyed.
July 2011 floods: More than 680 1000 deaths, more than 13 million affected.403
800 Recent events: Sept 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami: 2,227 deaths were 600 reported, and some 211,000 people were displaced404
400 2010 eruption of Mt. Merapi. At least 386 deaths and more than 405 200 300,000 people displaced. PACOM Response: December 2004: Indian Ocean 0 Earthquake and Tsunami.
May 2006: Yogyakarta -200 Earthquake.
September 2009: Padang, Sumatra Earthquakes.
3/1/2020 3/6/2020 4/5/2020 5/5/2020 6/4/2020 6/9/2020 7/4/2020 7/9/2020 3/11/2020 3/16/2020 3/21/2020 3/26/2020 3/31/2020 4/10/2020 4/15/2020 4/20/2020 4/25/2020 4/30/2020 5/10/2020 5/15/2020 5/20/2020 5/25/2020 5/30/2020 6/14/2020 6/19/2020 6/24/2020 6/29/2020 7/14/2020 7/19/2020 7/24/2020 7/29/2020 September 2018: Sulawesi New Cases Forecast Earthquake and Tsunami.406
396 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-floods-bmkg-aha-echo-daily-flash-22-may-2020 397 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-flood-aceh-timur-district-2200-may-16-2020 398 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-flooding-aceh-jaya-district-aceh-province-2220-may-16-2020 399 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-flooding-serang-district-banten-province-0000-may-13-2020 400 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-flooding-cipanas-area-lebak-district-banten-province-0343-may-13-2020 401 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-flooding-demak-district-central-java-province-2300-may-13-2020 402 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/floods-landslides-hit-regions-rainy-season-prolonged 403 https://reliefweb.int/report/thailand/thai-flood-2011-rapid-assessment-resilient-recovery-and-reconstruction-planning 404 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=twwMY081NH8%3d&portalid=0 405 https://www.usaid.gov/crisis/indonesia 406 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=twwMY081NH8%3d&portalid=0
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National organization response The National Task Force for the Acceleration of COVID-19 Response was created on 13 March, chaired by the Head of BNPB (National Disaster Management Agency), Doni Monardo. He is also an active duty Army Lieutenant General. The National Task Force website https://www.covid19.go.id/ contains information about case developments, measures and educational material.407 Regional Task Forces have been created in 34 provinces and 249 districts/cities.408 On 20 April, the national response plan for COVID-19 was finalized. On 22 April, the MoH shared the plan with the National Board for Disaster Management, the COVID-19 Task Force, and to the Provincial Health Offices to be used for the creation of provincial response plans.409 Despite restrictions on people traveling for the Eid al-Fitr holiday this weekend, concerns have been raised over the number of people traveling from Jakarta back to their hometowns. The ban allows some people to travel if they provide proof of reasons to travel and a health certificate. The government had announced a ban on domestic air and sea travel at the start of Ramadan in an effort to contain the outbreak but has since eased some of those restrictions. In an effort to stem the movement, police set up checkpoints on main roads to try and prevent people from leaving the capital. According to Reuters, the country’s largest Islamic group, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), issued a fatwa urging Muslims to pray at home over the holidays rather than gather in mosques.410 On 18 May, the President of Indonesia reiterated that the Government had not eased Large-Scale Social Restrictions but is preparing a plan that would be implemented at the right time and under the right conditions, OCHA reported. The development of post-COVID-19 transition guidelines is led by the Coordinating Ministry for Human Development and Culture. The proposed guidelines will regulate efforts to re-start activities. According to OCHA, the transition will be implemented in phases, with the first phase being triggered by an at least 50 percent less cumulative new cases in seven days compared to the previous week, or no new cases.411 Social restriction measures are being implemented in DKI Jakarta, West Sumatra, Gorontalo, and West Java and 27 districts/cities. There are no regions that currently plan to terminate the social restriction measures, while their implementation in West Java is likely to be extended.412 Jakarta’s partial lockdown was extended until 4 June. On 21 MAY, Indonesia recorded its highest single-day rise in COVID-19 cases, with 973 new cases. The second-highest daily increase in COVID-19 cases was reported on 23 MAY with 949 new cases.413 The government banned the use of sea, inter-city land, and air transportation means, including commercial flights for international and domestic routes, from 24 April to 31 May, though this was modified on 4 May to allow a limited number of domestic flights and international flights out of Jakarta.414 Indonesia's Finance Minister Sri Mulyani Indrawati said the country’s poverty eradication efforts have been set back by at least a decade due to the pandemic and that 2 million people have lost their jobs over the past six weeks. According to Reuters, Indonesia's poverty rate was 12.36% in 2011, with nearly 30 million people considered poor. The rate was 9.22% in September, with 24.79 million people counted as poor. Indonesia expects economic growth this year could drop to 2.3%, down from 5.02% last year, or under the government's worst-case scenario contract -0.4%.415
407 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-situation-update-covid-19-27-april-2020-enid 408 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-situation-update-covid-19-27-april-2020-enid 409 https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/indonesia/covid19/who-situation-report-5.pdf?sfvrsn=f1d00104_2 410 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-eid-indonesia-trav/indonesias-covid-19-battle-faces-crucial-test-over-eid-holiday- idUSKBN22X0WF 411 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-situation-update-covid-19-18-may-2020-enid 412 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-situation-update-covid-19-18-may-2020-enid 413 https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/blob/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_global.csv 414 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-situation-update-covid-19-27-april-2020-enid 415 https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2020-05-06/indonesia-warns-on-covid-19-poverty-setback-as-regional-elections-postponed
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The government on 18 May agreed upon emergency funding, cash payments totaling 1.8 million Indonesian rupiah ($121) that will target 23 million households and be disbursed over the next three months via the Ministries of Social Affairs and Villages and Underdeveloped Regions.416 The National Economic Recovery Program (PEN – Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional), which was launched on 11 May, aims to protect, maintain and enhance the economic capabilities of businesses. During the pandemic, the PEN Program is aimed at maintaining and preventing business activities from further deterioration and minimizing lay-offs. In a post pandemic situation, the program is expected to help accelerate economic recovery.417 According to a new report by the WFP, the economic sectors expected to be highly- to moderately- affected by the pandemic contributed 71% to the GDP in 2019. The sectors include manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, repairs, transportation and storage, accommodation and services. These sectors made up 41% of the Indonesian economy in 2019, employing 45% of the country’s total workforce. Additionally, an estimated 2.9 million to 5.2 million workers could lose their jobs during the pandemic and an additional 1 million formal workers had been told to stay at home, either unpaid or half-paid, WFP reported.418 On 5 May, President Widodo signed a presidential decree to delay regional elections, originally scheduled for September, to be delayed until at least the end of 2020.419 Indonesia's Foreign Minister Retno Marsudi says the country faces a fresh wave of COVID-19 infections with the return of migrant workers and cruise ship employees. She said about 90,000 Indonesian migrant workers had already returned to the country and that the government has stepped up measures ahead of the returns and has begun increasing testing and setting up quarantine centers in anticipation of this.420 Since Indonesian citizens abroad have begun returning home, a total of 132,978 Indonesian citizens consisting of crew members, migrant workers and students, had returned to Indonesia as of 18 May, the national COVID-19 task force reported. Of those, 591 had tested positive for COVID-19.421 On 20 May, Indonesia’s Research and Technology Ministry launched a domestically-made medical equipment initiative to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The equipment, comprising rapid diagnostic test kits, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kits and artificial intelligence (AI) to triage patients, are developed by the Ministry's consortium which includes state-owned enterprises, private companies, universities and research institutes.422 On 26 May, Indonesia’s military deployed about 340,000 soldiers across four provinces to enforce rules on wearing masks and safe distancing after reports of people flouting them. The measure comes days after people flocked to markets, many unmasked, making purchases for Eid Al-Fitr, the end of Ramadan.423 Indonesia has produced 50,000 PCR testing kits, the head of the Assessment and Application of Technology Agency said. The testing kits produced by PT Biofarma, are capable of examining 32 specimens in 90 minutes. PT Biofarma will continue to produce 50,000 PCR testing kits per week. Indonesia has also launched a mobile Laboratory known as Bio Safety Level-2. The laboratory aims to conduct testing with the PCR method in areas that lack adequate health services. 424 S=JAJAR, a network of civil society organizations and NGOs that strengthens the scope of the COVID-19 recovery response for weak and marginalized groups, has been carrying out weekly webinars, OCHA reports.425
416 https://thediplomat.com/2020/05/an-idul-fitri-unlike-any-other-in-covid-19-challenged-indonesia/ 417 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-situation-update-covid-19-18-may-2020-enid 418 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-covid-19-economic-and-food-security-implications 419 https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2020-05-06/indonesia-warns-on-covid-19-poverty-setback-as-regional-elections-postponed 420 https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/indonesia-faces-fresh-wave-of-covid-19-infections-with-return-of-migrant-workers-foreign- minister/articleshow/75678100.cms 421 https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/05/19/more-than-100000-citizens-return-to-indonesia-591-test-positive-for-covid-19.html 422 http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-05/20/c_139072573.htm 423 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-indonesia-idUSKBN2320IJ 424 https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/indonesia-produces-50-000-testing-kits-for-covid-19/1844999 425 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-situation-update-covid-19-18-may-2020-enid
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The MoH reported that over 143,000 tests have been conducted. As the majority of the country’s 71 laboratories are on Java Island, it can take a while for samples from outside areas to obtain results. In an effort to increase testing, the Government is conducting rapid molecular tests with tuberculosis test kits and cartridges that can detect COVID-19. Thousands of cartridges have been distributed among 64 hospitals in 30 provinces, according to OCHA.426 Indonesia DM Handbook https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=YUdeVhtp3ns%3d&portalid=0
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The WHO, jointly with partners, is supporting the National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD) with a training on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for COVID-19 for 52 laboratories.427 On 29 April, the WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia organized a virtual meeting for vaccine manufacturers and national regulatory authorities from the region and leading manufacturers from India, Indonesia and Thailand to discuss timelines and production capacity, while regulatory bodies deliberated on process adjustments that would be needed to make COVID-19 vaccines available as soon as possible. Indonesian manufacturer, PT Bio Farma, shared their plan and timeline for COVID-19 vaccine development.428 WFP released a Food Price Bulletin (https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-food-price- update-march-2020-focus-effect-covid-19-outbreak-food-prices) which looked into potential effects of the outbreak on food prices between December 2019 and March 2020. According to WFP, the outbreak did not have a major impact on the prices of 10 key commodities. WFP has also been supporting the response through increased research and analysis, and improving preparedness through the National Logistics Cluster.429 IOM has initiated risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) activities with refugee and asylum seekers in Indonesia. IOM has also jointly donated 30 ventilators with UNDP and WHO to the government.430 The Indonesian Red Cross (Palang Merah Indonesia - PMI), is active and has a large presence of volunteers throughout the country. PMI will continue to help the Government in terms of prevention and education.431 In recent disasters, PMI has been named as the primary direct assistance organization, with BNPB providing overall coordination and the TNI providing logistical support.432 There are multiple ongoing disasters in Indonesia (without international support). The reach of these responses is limited due to COVID-19 restrictions and other protection measures for aid workers. In addition, multiple recovery efforts from large disasters in 2018 are ongoing in Lombok and Central Sulawesi. During the most recent crisis in Indonesia that required international assistance (Central Sulawesi Earthquake/Tsunami), the IDN government placed the ASEAN AHA Centre in charge of coordinating offers of international assistance. According to the World Bank, in Indonesia, over 530,000 schools have closed amid the outbreak, affecting 68 million students from pre-primary through tertiary levels.433 UNICEF has released its position brief: “COVID-19 and Children in Indonesia: An Agenda for Action to Address Socio-Economic Challenges” (https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/covid-19-and-children-indonesia- agenda-action-address-socio-economic-challenges-11). This paper provides an overview of the socio-economic impact on Indonesia’s 80 million children (30 percent of the population) of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to UNICEF, although the health risk of COVID-19 infection is lower for children than for older age groups, children are likely to be heavily affected by secondary impacts in both the short and long-term.434
426 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-situation-update-covid-19-18-may-2020-enid 427 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-situation-report-6 428 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-situation-report-6 429 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/wfp-indonesia-country-brief-march-2020 430 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/iom-ramps-response-covid-19-pandemic-refugees-indonesia 431 http://www.pmi.or.id/index.php/berita-dan-media/siaran-pers.html 432 http://www.pmi.or.id/ ; https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/where-we-work/asia-pacific/indonesian-red-cross-society/ 433 https://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/indonesias-education-technology-during-covid-19-and-beyond 434 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/covid-19-and-children-indonesia-agenda-action-address-socio-economic-challenges-11
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UNAIDS and its local partner, Inti Muda, conducted a survey to assess the needs of young key populations and young people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Indonesia and found that 81.5% of respondents are struggling to make ends meet due to COVID-19 measures.435 As of 12 May the U.S. has committed US$7.3 million to support the response to COVID-19. The U.S. CDC has been providing technical assistance to help develop a national testing strategy and in support of this, USAID has directed over US$1 million to support lab capacity and provide testing supplies. The CDC, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and the U.S. Association for Public Health Laboratories, is also supporting virtual training for lab technicians. USAID and CDC is partnering with UNICEF and Johns Hopkins University to enhance public awareness about the disease.436 The Taiwan-based Tzu Chi Foundation has donated a total of: 2,241,100 surgical masks, 39,420 N95 masks, 1,000,000 COVID-19 test kits, 41,536 protective gowns, 111 ventilators, 11,840L of disinfectant, and 1,627 high pressure mist blasters. Additionally, Tzu Chi has distributed food and necessities packs to 344,000 families across 18 regions. The NGO also supported 844 hospitals and medical clinics in 17 regions.437 WHO helped train the MoH on the WHO Essential Supplies Forecasting Tool (ESFT): (http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Health-systems/pages/strengthening-the-health-system-response- to-covid-19/surge-planning-tools/essential-supplies-forecasting-tool-esft). WHO also facilitated a coordination meeting on laboratory logistics between the BNPB and the MoH. The online WHO course on ‘Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Treatment Facility Design’ was translated into Indonesian and published on the website and on the OpenWHO platform (http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/Health- systems/pages/strengthening-the-health-system-response-to-covid-19/surge-planning-tools/essential-supplies- forecasting-tool-esft).438 At the WASH sub-cluster meeting of 12 May, it was discussed that only about a third of all Puskesmas (Community Health Centers) in Indonesia have hand washing facilities with running water and soap. Similar conditions can be found at schools throughout the country, as it is estimated that only 20-30 percent of schools have such facilities. Organizations that work in the WASH sector are expected to contribute to improving this situation.439
Country-specific planning considerations
Quarantine Centers: WHO is discussing with the Association of Indonesia Local Health Offices (ADINKES), isolation and quarantine facilities and contact tracing at province and district levels.440
Displaced Populations: 104,000 displaced (2019).441 There are 13,829 refugees and asylum seekers in Indonesia.442
Health: OCHA reported 27 APR there were 668 referral hospitals for COVID-19 in the country. Indonesia will start producing ventilators jointly developed by the Bandung Institute of Technology, PT Dirgantara Indonesia and PT Pindad. It is expected that 500 ventilator units can be produced every week. Several other prototypes will be tested.443Jakarta Military Command Chief Maj. Gen. Eko Margiyono is leading the operation of the capital's emergency hospital for treating COVID-19. Four of 10 towers at the former athlete’s village for the 2018 Asian Games have been designated to treat up to 3,000 patients and will continue to be expanded to handle up
435 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/how-covid-19-has-affected-needs-young-people-living-hiv-and-young-key-populations 436 https://id.usembassy.gov/indo-pacific-cooperation-on-covid-19/ 437 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/covid-19-relief-action-report-3-activities-29-april-2020 438 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-situation-report-8 439 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-situation-update-covid-19-18-may-2020-enid 440 https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/indonesia/covid19/who-situation-report-5.pdf?sfvrsn=f1d00104_2 441 https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/indonesia 442 https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/protection/operations/50001bda9/indonesia-fact-sheet.html 443 https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-situation-update-covid-19-27-april-2020-enid
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to 24,000.444There are 2,410 inpatient facilities (1,782 general & 546 specialty); 338,370 inpatient beds, including 140,186 private sector.
Security: The Papua Police Chief on 29 May said the killing of medical workers needs to be condemned, in reference to the 22 May killing of two medical workers from the Wandai Health Center in Intan Jaya District who were reportedly shot by armed rebels while they were delivering drugs for COVID-19 patients.445 Despite the COVID-19 outbreak, the Jamaah Ansharut Daulah (JAD) remains active in spreading radical narratives, planning operations, and selecting their targets, benefiting from the security forces’ new focus on handling the current crisis, according to an article in The Diplomat. Additionally, Ramadan (April 23-May 23) may bring additional acts of terrorism and Chinese-Indonesian communities may be targets.446 In Jakarta, special police units have been formed to guard burial processions for COVID-19 victims, after protesters blocked streets in some areas to prevent the dead from being transported to cemeteries.447 On 7 April, hundreds of people held a protest in Banjarmasin City, South Kalimantan province, opposing the government plan of using a public building as a quarantine center. They blockaded a road until police and military forces intervened.448
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444 https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/03/30/jakarta-military-commander-tapped-as-covid-19-emergency-hospital-head.html 445 https://en.antaranews.com/news/149760/shooting-of-medical-workers-must-be-condemned-papua-police-chief 446 https://thediplomat.com/2020/05/how-covid-19-is-reshaping-terror-threats-in-indonesia/ 447 https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/01/848956806/fearing-infection-some-in-indonesia-refuse-nearby-burial-of-covid-19- victims 448 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/aid-security-and-covid-19
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JAPAN Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Considerations Measures/Access Resources
July – September is On May 25, Prime Minister Abe Japan COVID-19 tracker peak Typhoon lifted the state of emergency for https://covid19japan.com Japan COVID-19 Total Case Trend season; May –July is Hokkaido, Chiba, Saitama, Tokyo, Health Ministry web page on the rainy season.449 and Kanagawa. The state of COVID-19: emergency has now been lifted for 17,000 The CDC set its https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/sei all of Japan. However, authorities 16,900 warning in Japan to sakunitsuite/bunya/newpage_0 in many prefectures and municipal 16,800 highest level.450 0032.html wards continue to request 16,700 restricted hours and/or closures of Japan National Tourism 16,600 On February 14, a Cabinet Order public venues.454 Organization (JNTO) (for 16,500 designated COVID-19 travel restrictions): 16,400 The emergency is a non- as a “quarantine-able https://www.japan.travel/en/co 16,300 mandatory stay-at-home request; ronavirus/ disease.” This order It also requests the cancellation or 16,200 permits detention WHO Japan: postponement of events and 16,100 and isolation of https://www.who.int/countries/ exhibits.455 16,000 those suspected or jpn/en/
confirmed to be Initial emergency steps included White Paper on Disaster 451 infected. shutting down schools and Management 2019: cancelling large events; Olympics Hospitals turning http://www.bousai.go.jp/kaigire 916 Deaths – 16,958 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN were later postponed until 2021. p/hakusho/pdf/R1_hakusho_en away people as the glish.pdf https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html ; https://covid19japan.com (new country struggles Entry bans in place for foreigners cases only included if confirmed, not provisional) with surging cases from COVID-19 affected Basic Policies for Novel and its emergency countries456 Coronavirus Disease Control system is (Revised on April 7, 2020): 452 Japan asked returning nationals to https://www.mhlw.go.jp/conte overloaded. 457 self-quarantine for 14 days. nt/10900000/000620733.pdf On 12 May, USFJ Prefectures with few cases relaxed extended COVID-19 US Embassy, COVID-19: restrictions for some businesses public health https://jp.usembassy.gov/covid- but residents asked not to travel 19-information/ emergency for US outside their home region. Bars troops in the country COVID-19 Multilingual and nightclubs remain closed.458 to 14 June.453 Hotline: 0120-296-004
Disaster risk: The INFORM Global Risk Index’s overall ranking for Japan is 153 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) for disasters, with a 3-yr trend of stable disaster risk.459 Common natural hazards include: earthquakes, tsunami, typhoons, volcanoes, landslides, and flooding. Additionally, INFORM has a new COVID-19 Risk
449 https://www.adrc.asia/nationinformation.php?NationCode=392&Lang=en&NationNum=23 450 https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/03/58d3ae2df4bb-japan-to-ask-travelers-from-us-to-self-quarantine-for-14-days.html 451 https://jp.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/covid-19-information/ 452 https://apnews.com/9140ddd7283d534d8464778d9c4bd92a 453 https://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/us-forces-japan-extends-its-public-health-emergency-as-okinawa-preps-to-reopen-businesses-1.629382 454 https://jp.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 455 https://nypost.com/2020/04/07/japan-declares-state-of-emergency-as-coronavirus-cases-soar/ 456 https://www.japan.travel/en/coronavirus/ 457 https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/03/58d3ae2df4bb-japan-to-ask-travelers-from-us-to-self-quarantine-for-14-days.html 458 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/04/japan-to-extend-state-of-emergency-covid-19-amid-fears-second-wave-could-cripple-tokyo- hospitals 459 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index
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Index, which identifies “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Japan’s INFORM COVID-19 risk is 2.3/10 (with 10 indicating highest risk), placing it in the “low” COVID-19 risk class.460 In mid-October 2019, Typhoon Hagibis caused record-breaking rains in central to northern Japan, including Tokyo. In late October, Chiba and Fukushima were hit by heavy rains, landslides and floods.461
National organization response On May 25, Prime Minister Abe lifted the state of emergency for Hokkaido, Chiba, Saitama, Tokyo, and Kanagawa. The state of emergency has now been lifted for all of Japan. However, authorities in many prefectures and municipal wards continue to request restricted hours and/or closures of public venues. 462 The government’s Anti-COVID-19 Tech Team special task force will deploy an optional contact-tracing app.463 The PM reiterated his call for citizens to reduce people-to-people contact, with a focus on avoiding the “three Cs:” closed spaces, crowded spaces, and close-contact settings. He has also asked that people refrain from all non-essential prefectural border crossings.464 Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike on 15 May revealed a framework for the city’s plan to gradually reopen. The completed plan will be announced on 19 May. The plan will be decided as the city government closely monitors daily cases, untraceable cases and the infection rate.465 The Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO) has a dedicated COVID-19 page. On the page is a listing of countries subject to an entry ban. Starting 16 May, it has added another 14 countries to its list. For the complete list and more restrictions please visit: https://www.japan.travel/en/coronavirus/466 Under the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act, the Central Disaster Management Council (CDMC) was formed as the lead disaster management agency. The council consists of the Prime Minister, who is the chair, the Minister of State for Disaster Management, all other ministers, heads of major public institutions and experts. Prefectural and municipal Disaster Management Councils are established at the state and local level. Implementation of disaster risk management measures is based on the Local Disaster Management Plans drafted by the Councils. Japan’s Basic Disaster Management Plan clarifies the duties of the Government, public corporations and local governments in implementing measures. The plan also describes disaster countermeasures such as preparation, emergency response, recovery and reconstruction, according to the type of disaster.467 The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) is the central organization in the health care system. The Novel Coronavirus Response Headquarters has been stood up in Tokyo.468 There are 1.66 million foreign workers in Japan and many have been affected by the economic impact of the shutdown. Government support packages including 100,000 yen are available to foreign nationals registered as residents and additional loans and rent deferral plans are in place to assist.469 Foreigners who leave Japan, even U.S. citizen legal residents, will not be able to return under current conditions. International flights are currently available in Japan, but service has dropped significantly since the outbreak.470
460 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic 461 https://www.adrc.asia/view_disaster_en.php?NationCode=392&Lang=en&Key=2358 https://www.adrc.asia/view_disaster_en.php?NationCode=392&Lang=en&Key=2357 462 https://jp.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 463 https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/05/27/national/japans-coronavirus-contact-tracing-app-privacy/#.XtqhAZ6Sl7h 464 https://jp.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 465 https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/05/15/national/tokyo-reopening-plan-coronavirus/#.Xr8zu9aSk_w 466 https://www.japan.travel/en/coronavirus/ 467 https://www.adrc.asia/nationinformation.php?NationCode=392&Lang=en&NationNum=23 468 https://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/japan-imposes-14-day-self-quarantine-for-travelers-from-united-states-1.623498 469 https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Japan-immigration/Japan-s-foreign-work-force-hit-by-coronavirus-cuts 470 https://jp.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/
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The Tokyo Metropolitan Government launched a multilingual call center on COVID-19 for foreign residents at 0120-296-004.471 There are no penalties for noncompliance to state of emergency and social distancing measures.472 A government campaign was instituted to counter harassment against bullying and discrimination toward the sick, their families and health workers, which discouraged people from seeking testing and care.473 Hospital and equipment shortages: A government panel warned that hospitals and clinics were stretched in Tokyo, Aichi, Kanagawa, Osaka and Hyogo; "drastic countermeasures need to be taken as quickly as possible."474 Japan is also facing a potential shortage of ventilators. As of February, Japan was estimated to have more than 22,000 ventilators, for a population of over 126 million (NHK). At least 40% of those ventilators are already in use, as officials scramble to ramp up production and source new machines from overseas.475A government virus task force has warned that, in a worst-case scenario, more than 400,000 could die due to shortages of ventilators and other intensive care equipment. Abe has said the government has secured 15,000 ventilators and is getting Sony and Toyota to produce more.476 Hospitals lack ICUs, with five per 100,000 people, compared to 30 in Germany, and 35 in the U.S.477 Japan only has 7 intensive care beds per 100,000 people.478 Officials had previously been urging anyone with symptoms to go to hospital, putting an additional strain on the health system. Authorities are preparing to shift to a new policy of requiring those with mild symptoms to self-isolate. Additionally, Japan has been limiting testing for the coronavirus because of rules requiring any patients to be hospitalized. An uptick in cases have prompted the Health Ministry to loosen those rules and move patients with milder symptoms to hotels to free up beds.479
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The Japan Red Cross Society (JRCS) is transferring doctors, nurses and pharmacists to support all government quarantine facilities.480 The JRCS has asked for more blood donations among a dwindling supply in the face of the crisis.481 The JRCS also sent medical staff to assist with the Diamond Princess outbreak.482 The Association of Medical Doctors of Asia (AMDA) Medical Information Center is operating a hotline to assist foreign nationals in Japan. It is available from 10:00 to 17:00, and can be reached at 03-6233-9266.483 More information on multilingual COVID-19 call centers can be found here (NHK): https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/backstories/1019/
Country-specific planning considerations
Quarantine Centers: Numbers/locations unknown at this time; Hotels being used to alleviate hospital shortages.
Hospitals: There are 8,442 (2017) hospitals, including 7,380 general hospitals and 324 national hospitals. Of the total, 361 hospitals have infectious disease beds.484 There is roughly a total of 1,664,525 hospital beds (2016). Approximately 100,461 clinics (2014) augment the health system.485 It has about 13 hospital beds per 1,000
471 https://jp.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 472 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/04/japan-to-extend-state-of-emergency-covid-19-amid-fears-second-wave-could-cripple-tokyo- hospitals 473 https://www.staradvertiser.com/2020/05/09/breaking-news/in-japan-coronavirus-pandemic-brings-outbreaks-of-bullying-ostracism/ 474 https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/07/asia/japan-coronavirus-state-of-emergency-intl-hnk/index.html 475 https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/07/asia/japan-coronavirus-state-of-emergency-intl-hnk/index.html 476 https://apnews.com/9140ddd7283d534d8464778d9c4bd92a 477 https://apnews.com/9140ddd7283d534d8464778d9c4bd92a 478 https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/07/asia/japan-coronavirus-state-of-emergency-intl-hnk/index.html 479 https://apnews.com/9140ddd7283d534d8464778d9c4bd92a 480 https://www.redcross.org/about-us/news-and-events/news/2020/look-for-the-helpers-stepping-up-to-stomp-out-covid-19.html 481 https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/03/7cf4dda2ef3d-japan-frets-over-falling-blood-donations-amid-coronavirus-outbreak.html 482 https://www.redcross.org.uk/about-us/news-and-media/media-centre/press-releases/coronavirus---latest-updates-from-british-red-cross 483 https://jp.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 484 https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/database/db-hh/2-2.html 485 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5719211/
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people, the highest among Group of Seven nations and more than triple the rate for Italy, the U.S., U.K. and Canada, according to World Bank data.486
Health: According to the WHO, Japan’s health care system is characterized by excellent health outcomes at a relatively low cost; there is universal insurance, with virtually free access to health-care facilities. The government regulates and controls most aspects of the health system at three levels: national, prefectural, and municipal. Diabetes and hypertension are the two major chronic diseases. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are now the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Japan.487 Japan has had success with control and eradication of common infectious diseases over the past 50 years.488 Life expectancy is higher than the global average, however, the country’s population is rapidly ageing, and in the COVID-19 context, this trend poses a danger to a significant portion of the population.
DOD/USJF: USFJ extended COVID-19 public health emergency for US troops to 14 June.489 Return to TOC
486 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-19/a-coronavirus-explosion-was-expected-in-japan-where-is-it 487 https://apps.searo.who.int/PDS_DOCS/B5390.pdf 488 https://apps.searo.who.int/PDS_DOCS/B5390.pdf 489 https://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/us-forces-japan-extends-its-public-health-emergency-as-okinawa-preps-to-reopen-businesses-1.629382
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KIRIBATI Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Considerations Affected State Information Resources Measures/Access
As of 5 June, Kiribati has no confirmed Cyclone season is November to Travelers from countries with See footnotes for all. COVID-19 cases. April in the South Pacific. ongoing local transmission of Entry Restrictions: novel coronavirus must spend Entry Restrictions – for travelers https://fj.usembassy.gov/u- at least 14 days in a country from countries with ongoing s-citizen-services/covid-19- free of the virus before information/ COVID transmission. traveling to Kiribati, and Kiribati Ministry of Health Flight Restrictions – all commercial provide a medical clearance and Medical Services airlines servicing Kiribati that they are virus-free. https://mhms.gov.ki/ internationally have suspended https://www.facebook.com Travelers arriving earlier than flights to the country, effectively /info.mhms.gov.ki the required 14-day waiting isolating Kiribati. period may be subject to COVID-19 Cases Database https://github.com/CSSEGIS quarantine and/or andData/COVID-19 deportation.
https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html Schools closed 30 MAR.
Disaster Risk – The INFORM Global Risk Index’s overall ranking for Kiribati is 86 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) for disasters.490 Kiribati’s disaster risk trend for the previous three years has been stable. Like other Pacific island countries, Kiribati faces humanitarian logistics challenges, as it is among the most remote, geographically dispersed nations on earth, with an estimated population of just over 100,000 spread over 21 islands across three million square kilometers of ocean. Additionally, INFORM has a new COVID-19 Risk Index, which identifies “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Kiribati’s INFORM COVID-19 risk is 5.9/10, placing it in the “high” COVID risk class (10 indicates highest risk). 491
National organization response President Taneti Maamau on 26 March 2020 formally declared Kiribati in a state of public emergency.492
The National Disaster Management Office carries out disaster management and other responsibilities as determined by the Minister or the National Disaster Council. The National Disaster Council advises the Minister on disaster mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery, including the coordination of activities of government and non-government agencies. All Local Government Councils have a Disaster Committee.493
The Health Emergency Operational Centre (HEOC) was set up in the MoH/Tarawa Central Hospital following the first measles recorded in December 2019.
490 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 491 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/inform-covid-analysis-v01 492 https://kiribatiupdates.com.ki/president-declared-kiribati-a-state-of-public-emergency-for-convid-19/ 493 http://www.president.gov.ki/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Kiribati-National-Disaster-Risk-Management-Plan_Part-3.pdf
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Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The Pacific Humanitarian Team (PHT), based in Suva, Fiji, supports 14 Pacific Island countries and territories, including Kiribati. OCHA leads coordination and the PHT Secretariat; UNDP leads the Early Recovery Network; WFP leads Logistics, and Emergency Telecommunications; IFRC leads Shelter; UNICEF leads Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene; UNICEF and Save the Children co-lead Education; UN Women leads Protection; WHO and UNICEF co-lead Health and Nutrition, and FAO and WFP co-lead Food Security.494 On 10 March 2020, the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), UN Population Fund (UNFPA) and the Government of Kiribati, with support from the Australian Government and the Pacific Community, officially launched Kiribati’s first nationwide survey – Kiribati Social Development Indicator Survey – to monitor and promote the well-being of women and children.495
Country-specific planning considerations Following the confirmation of Fiji’s first COVID-19 case on 19 March 2020, the Fijian government suspended services to Kiribati’s Tarawa and Kiritimati airports by Fiji Airways from Nadi, effective the next day. Together with the earlier suspension of the Our Airline service, from Nauru and Majuro, and the Solomon Airlines service, Kiribati has effectively been isolated from the rest of the world. Tarawa in the Gilbert group and Kiritimati in the Line Islands are Kiribati’s main international ports of entry and are usually serviced Fiji Airways, Our Airline (Tarawa only) and Solomon Airlines (Tarawa only).496 Island councils and mayors have further imposed interisland travel restrictions domestically within Kiribati.497 President Maamau declared all schools in Kiribati closed effective 30 March 2020.498 Nation-wide elections started 14 April for the House of Parliament. There are 44 Member of Parliament seats available and 108 registered candidates competing for a 4-year term.499
Hospitals / Health Facilities: Kiribati has 18.6 hospital beds per 10,000 population as of 2015.500 The health system has a central hospital, three sub-divisional hospitals, more than 20 health centers and around 70 dispensaries. Tungaru Central Hospital on Tarawa provides medical service to all the islands. Government dispensaries on all islands are equipped to handle minor ailments and injuries.501
Health: Kiribati recorded its first measles case on 17 December 2019 when test samples returned from Fiji.502 The country’s second measles case was confirmed 23 December. The Measles Taskforce in Kiribati was established in October 2019, following the measles outbreak declared in Samoa. The Taskforce, with experts from UNICEF and WHO, monitors and investigates suspected measles cases.503 The US$15 million South Tarawa Water Supply Project was approved on 13 December 2019 by the World Bank, to provide the most populated island with better access to a safe, reliable, and climate-resilient water supply.504 Return to TOC
494 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/PHT%202018%20Annual%20Report_FINAL.pdf 495 https://www.unicef.org/pacificislands/press-releases/kiribati-launches-its-first-nationwide-survey-monitor-well-being-women-and-children 496 https://newsletter.visitkiribati.travel/2020/03/31/covid-19-impacts-kiribati-tourism/ 497 https://kiribatiupdates.com.ki/islands-travel-restrictions-contain-virus-from-spreading/ 498 https://kiribatiupdates.com.ki/the-kiribati-schools-are-first-among-lockdowns-for-the-convid-19/ 499 https://kiribatiupdates.com.ki/kiribati-national-election-begins-today/ 500 https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators 501 http://www.commonwealthhealth.org/pacific/kiribati/health_systems_in_kiribati/ 502 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/405799/kiribati-records-first-measles-case 503 https://reliefweb.int/report/kiribati/kiribati-measles-sitrep-2-27122019 504 https://reliefweb.int/report/kiribati/safer-more-reliable-water-kiribati
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LAOS Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Measures/Access Information Considerations Resources
Entry visas will not be As of 26 May, Lao citizens, students, experts Lockdown/ Laos COVID-19 Total Case Trend issued to visitors and diplomats are now permitted to enter borders: from or traveling and exit Laos with travel documents http://www.vienti 30 through countries authorized by the Ministry of Foreign anetimes.org.la/fr 25 with a COVID-19 Affairs.506 eeContent/FreeCo outbreak, except for nten_Local74.php On 4 May, the GOL announced new 20 special cases screening and quarantine measures. https://www.visal 15 whereby prior Foreigners who have a work permit or who aos.com/travel- authorization has have been granted permission from the GOL restrictions/ 10 been issued. Inter- to work in Laos are required to present at 5 provincial travel, COVID-19 Cases the port of embarkation a Certificate of including domestic Database 0 Entry into Laos issued by the Lao Embassy or flights, resumed 18 https://github.co 505 Lao Consulate General in their country of May. 507 m/CSSEGISandDat departure. a/COVID-19 On 4 May, some Foreigners must also furnish a completed businesses were Hotline for 0 Deaths – 19* confirmed cases as of 5 JUN Declaration Form and Fit to Fly Health allowed to reopen, information: Certificate issued no more than 72 hours *No new confirmed cases since 12 APR 2020 but had to follow 166 or 165 before traveling https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.htm COVID-19 prevention Hotline to self- and social distancing Upon entry, foreigners will be required to be report symptoms: guidelines. tested and spend 14 days in self-quarantine +856 20 5406 at a government facility at their own Monsoon season 6777 expense. These measures will be in effect runs May to October. until at least 17 May.508
Disaster Risk: The INFORM (Index for Risk Management) ranking for the Lao People's Democratic Republic (also referred to as Laos) is 74 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk). Disaster risk in has decreased in the last three years.509 The INFORM global risk index annually measures the risk of disasters and humanitarian crises for 191 countries. The natural disaster that Lao is the most highly exposed to is flooding, which occur frequently due to storms. The country is also exposed to typhoons (tropical cyclones) and earthquakes.510 In July 2018, Laos suffered its worst floods in a decade, which affected more than 600,000 people in all 17 provinces and Vientiane. Tropical storm-driven rains caused the collapse of the Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy saddle dam in Attapeu province, leading to unprecedented flash flooding, and exacerbated by another tropical storm the following month.511 According to the INFORM COVID-19 Risk Index, Laos is in the “medium” COVID risk class, based on a COVID risk of 4.6 on a scale of 1-10, where 10 indicates the higher risk. 512
National organization response
505 https://laotiantimes.com/2020/05/15/laos-to-resume-domestic-flights-schools-other-restrictions-eased/ 506 http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2020-05/26/c_139089408.htm 507 https://la.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 508 https://la.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 509 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 510 https://www.unocha.org/asia-and-pacific-roap/lao 511 https://reliefweb.int/report/lao-peoples-democratic-republic/government-presents-way-forward-lao-pdr-s-recovery 512 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/inform-covid-analysis-v01
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On 26 May, Rattanaxay Phetsavanh, Director General of the Department of Communicable Disease Control under the Ministry of Health, announced that Lao citizens, students, experts and diplomats are now permitted to enter and exit Laos with travel documents authorized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. People are still required to strictly follow government guidelines to prevent COVID-19 spreading. 513 On 18 May, Laos resumed domestic flights, permitted inter-provincial travel, and began to reopen schools -- but only grade levels primary 5, secondary 4, and secondary 7. Other school levels are authorized to reopen on 2 June. If there is a new confirmed case, stricter measure will be implemented in that province.514 On 4 May, the economy was partially reopened for some retail and service businesses following social distancing restrictions in place and offices adopting rotating shifts.515 There have been no new confirmed cases since 12 April. Laos reported its first confirmed COVID-19 cases on 24 March.516 The National Disaster Management Committee (NDMC), established in 1999, provides recommendations and advice to the Prime Minister and plays the lead role in ensuring effective coordination throughout disaster mitigation, prevention, preparedness, response and recovery.517 US Ambassador Haymond delivered additional supplies on 26 May, including specialized laboratory air filters, autoclaves, viral transport mediums and laboratory testing equipment.518 On 22 May, Haymond announced additional US$3.17 million funding via the CDC to help Laos fight COVID-19 with surveillance, infection prevention and control, laboratory capacity building and other measures.519 Vietnam announced on 26 March it would provide Laos with medical equipment worth $100,000, and medical experts if desired.520 China announced on 25 March it would send a team of medical experts to Laos, medical equipment and medicines to help respond to the COVID-19 epidemic.521 Many schools are unable to comply with measures to avert further outbreaks of the coronavirus due to a lack of necessary preventive equipment, such as temperature monitors, hand gel and face masks, per an education ministry official on 28 MAY.522 Information on DM in Laos is available in CFE-DM’s Laos Disaster Management Reference Handbook: https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), is providing psychosocial support with its local NGO partners.523 UN agencies providing humanitarian assistance in Laos include FAO, IOM, UN-Habitat, UN Women, UNAIDS, UNCDF, UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF, WFP, WHO. Led by the UN Resident Coordinator, the UN Country Team in Laos is also comprised of other UN agencies focused more on development work.524 As of 26 May, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a $20 million loan to support Laos’ response to COVID-19. The loan finances the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Health Security Project, and will assist the Ministry of Health in procuring personal protective equipment, laboratory equipment, testing kits, medical devices, and ambulances.525
513 http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2020-05/26/c_139089408.htm 514 https://laotiantimes.com/2020/05/15/laos-to-resume-domestic-flights-schools-other-restrictions-eased/ 515 https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/Virus-free-Laos-lifts-shutters-on-shops-and-restaurants 516 https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID- 19/blob/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_global.csv 517 http://www.fao.org/3/a-at540e.pdf 518 https://la.usembassy.gov/united-states-delivers-additional-supplies-to-help-laos-fight-covid-19/ 519 https://la.usembassy.gov/united-states-announces-3-million-of-cdc-support-for%E2%80%A8covid-19-response-in-lao-pdr/ 520 https://vietnaminsider.vn/vietnam-to-provide-laos-and-cambodia-with-medical-equipment-worth-100000-each/ 521 https://laotiantimes.com/2020/03/26/china-sends-medical-experts-to-help-laos-fight-covid-19/ 522 http://www.vientianetimes.org.la/freeContent/FreeConten_State_102.php 523 https://reliefweb.int/report/lao-peoples-democratic-republic/coping-covid19-through-psychosocial-support-lao-pdr 524 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/lao_pdr_inter-agency_contingency_plan_3sep19.pdf 525 https://news.fundsforngos.org/laos/adb-disburses-20-million-to-support-covid-19-response-efforts-in-laos/
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Since 24 March, WFP has suspended physical presence of all staff at the field-level and activities are conducted remotely or postponed. WFP is coordinating with other UN agencies and partners on assessing the potential impact, particularly for food security.526
Country-specific planning considerations
Displaced Populations: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused thousands of Lao women and girl migrant workers to return to Laos. As of 2 April, 4,715 migrants have crossed Lao-Thai Friendship Bridge in the capital, Vientiane, of whom 2,922 (62%) are women and girls, per the Immigration Department of Vientiane Municipality Public Security. Those exhibiting COVID-19 symptoms are quarantined for 14 days. There were 277,840 registered Laotian employees in Thailand as of August 2019, with women comprising more than half. As in many crises, they are at higher risk of gender-based violence.527 3,750 survivors of the 2018 collapse of Attapeu Province’s Xepian-Xe Nam Noy dam remain without permanent homes.528
Quarantine Centers: As of 25 March 2020, quarantine facilities have been set up by the government in the capital for returning migrants who may have symptoms.529 On 24 May, 1,516 people entered Laos through international border checkpoints, which included 26 returning Lao workers, though the vast majority were truck drivers bringing freight from Thailand, Vietnam and China. The temperature of each person entering Laos was checked and no one showed signs of fever. All Laotian workers repatriating were sent to a quarantine center for 14 days. On 25 May, the National Taskforce Committee for COVID-19 Prevention and Control stated it had been monitoring 3,690 people at 95 accommodation centers across Laos.530
Health: Two of the five remaining COVID-19 patients at Mittaphab Hospital in Vientiane are set to be discharged on 27 May, if they test negative for the virus a second time.531 Laos has reported a total of 19 confirmed COVID- 19 cases, with 14 of those patients recovered. Despite the ongoing pandemic and national lockdown, Laos is making special efforts to continue other health care services,532 including routine immunizations in fixed sites with physical distancing measures in place. The WHO warned the COVID-19 pandemic is disrupting life-saving immunizations globally, putting 80 million children worldwide at risk of diseases like diphtheria, measles and polio in both rich and poor countries.533 Laos has 15 hospital beds per 10,000 population, per 2012 data.534
Security: Enforcement of the country’s lockdown has been inconsistent.535 Return to TOC
526 https://reliefweb.int/report/lao-peoples-democratic-republic/wfp-lao-pdr-country-brief-march-2020 527 https://reliefweb.int/report/lao-peoples-democratic-republic/1000-migrant-women-quarantine-covid19-receive-essential 528 https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/opinion/2019/04/11/qa-why-laos-dam-collapse-wake-call- un?utm_source=The+New+Humanitarian&utm_campaign=4e57d365e4- EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_Cheat_Sheet_1_May&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d842d98289-4e57d365e4-75574133 529 https://reliefweb.int/report/lao-peoples-democratic-republic/1000-migrant-women-quarantine-covid19-receive-essential 530 https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2020/05/26/laos-confirms-no-new-case-of-covid-19-for-record-43-consecutive-days 531 http://www.vientianetimes.org.la/ 532 https://reliefweb.int/report/lao-peoples-democratic-republic/lao-health-system-continues-offer-immunization-services 533 https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen 534 https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/hospital-beds-(per-10-000-population) 535 http://www.vientianetimes.org.la/freeContent/FreeConten_Local74.php
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MALAYSIA Return to TOC COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Measures/Access Information Considerations Resources
Since 8 May, floods On 10 May, Prime Minister (PM) Tan Sri MOH COVID-19 due to heavy rains Muhyiddin Yassin announced that the web site: Malaysia COVID-19 Total have been affecting Conditional Movement Control Order (MCO) https://www.mo Betong district would be extended to 9 June. During the h.gov.my/index.p Case Trend (Sarawak state), CMCO, the government will open limited hp/pages/view/2 537 8500 resulting in casualties immigration services. 019-ncov-wuhan and damage. At least 8300 The Prime Minister said most businesses can Ministry of 8100 650 families have 536 open on 4 May with recommended Health: 7900 been affected. restrictions, but a ban on gatherings http://www.moh. 7700 Kuala Lumpur hosts remain.538 gov.my/index.ph 7500 the UN Humanitarian p 7300 Response Depot Schools and Universities remain closed. The 7100 MOH Facebook: (UNHRD) hub, serving PM said that people would still not be 6900 https://www.face Asia –Pacific; 1 of 6 allowed to move across states unless for 6700 539 book.com/kemen worldwide hubs. work. 6500 teriankesihatanm Monsoons Nov-Dec The country's Muslims will also not be alaysia until March, and allowed to undertake their traditional trip PM Office: May/June to home at the end of the Ramadan fasting https://www.pm Sept./Oct. month. o.gov.my/special- ASEAN through the International commercial flight options are contents/2019- 116 Deaths – 8,266 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN 540 AHA Centre likely to operating in Malaysia. All foreign novel- lead regional response nationals, with very limited exceptions, are coronavirus- to a disaster if outside restricted from entry to Malaysia until 9 2019-ncov/ https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html ; https://www.outbreak.my/ help needed. June. Any travelers permitted to enter Malaysia will be subject to COVID-19 testing WHO Malaysia United Nations and a mandatory 14-day quarantine.541 website: Country Team (UNCT) https://www.wh in Malaysia supports From 3 April, all Malaysians returning home o.int/malaysia government disaster must head to government quarantine management efforts. centers for 14 days542
Disaster risk: Overall INFORM model risk ranking is 111 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk); 3-yr trend indicates stable to decreasing risk.543 Malaysia is affected by floods, forest fires, tsunami, cyclonic storms, landslides, and haze. According to the INFORM COVID-19 Risk Index, Malaysia’s COVID-19 risk is 3.2/10 (10 indicates highest risk), placing it in the “low” COVID-19 risk class.544
536 https://reliefweb.int/report/malaysia/malaysia-floods-metgovmy-media-echo-daily-flash-11-may-2020 537 https://my.usembassy.gov/health-alert-covid-051120/ 538 https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/coronavirus-asia-asean-live-updates-by-country/ 539 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/malaysia-ease-coronavirus-curbs-resume-business-200501033953802.html 540 https://my.usembassy.gov/health-alert-covid-051120/ 541 https://my.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/covid-19-information/ 542 https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/31/ismail-sabri-straight-to-quarantine-centre-for-any-malaysians-returning-home-no-exceptions 543 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index 544 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic
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Since 17 May, floods triggered by heavy rains have affected Penang and Perak States.545 In early May, heavy rains led to floods that affected some 3,250 people in Betong district in Sarawak state.546 CFE-DM Disaster Management Reference Handbook on Malaysia: https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=he2xmI8xZFQ%3d&portalid=0
National organization response The National Disaster Management Agency (NADMA) is the government lead for disaster management and response. The disaster management organization structure is divided into federal, state, and district levels. NADMA website: http://www.nadma.gov.my/ The Ministry of Health (MOH) has an overall responsibility for the health sector. MOH website: http://www.moh.gov.my/index.php Health Ministry Director-General Noor Hisham Abdullah said on 29 MAY that schools and other sectors can reopen if Malaysia continues to see low COVID-19 figures in the first week of June. While 28 MAY optimistically brought the lowest number of new daily cases (10) in more than two months, the health ministry continues to observe to the impact in the aftermath of Eid al-Fitr festivities marking the end of Ramadan.547 The Movement Control Order (MCO) which began 18 March, prohibits all individuals from movement and mass assembly within Malaysia. Under the MCO, only one person from each family is permitted to leave home to buy essential items. Outdoor recreational activities are prohibited. Foreign citizens may depart Malaysia during the MCO. However, authorities require that foreign citizens obtain certain required documents, including written concurrence from the respective diplomatic mission; and a written movement permit from the nearest police station. The Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO) came into effect on 4 May, which relaxed some of the nationwide restrictions over commercial and social activities under the MCO. 548549 On 17 May, PM Muhyiddin Yassin announced that people will not be allowed to cross states to celebrate upcoming festivals, including Hari Raya Aidilfitri (24-25 May). The PM said gatherings of up to 20 people are allowed during the celebrations, but advised against open house gatherings and banquets. The government has also eased a ban on mass prayers in mosques, starting from 22 May and ahead of Hari Raya Aidilfitri.550 Health Director-General Dr Noor Hisham Abdullah encouraged Malaysians to download two apps to help the government with efforts to curb the spread of COVID-19. “MySejahtera” can help users find hotspots while “MyTrace” is meant to aid contract tracing.551 In an effort to learn from the experiences of neighboring Singapore, Malaysia plans to test millions of migrants for the virus. In mid-April, Singapore experienced outbreaks in the dormitories housing the country's hundreds of thousands of migrant workers. Malaysia’s government says some 2.5 million migrants are in the country legally, though there are thought to be just as many in Malaysia illegally. Many of Malaysia's migrant workers are packed into large dorms or hostels sleeping 10 to 20 people to a room. On 4 May, following an increase in cases traced mostly to noncitizens, the government ordered that all migrant workers be tested.552 The Ministry of Health, in collaboration with Doctor On Call, has set up a platform to disseminate information, including a list of designated public hospitals in each state that are equipped to screen for COVID- 19. (https://www.doctoroncall.com.my/coronavirus?lang=en)553
545 https://reliefweb.int/report/malaysia/malaysia-floods-met-malaysia-media-echo-daily-flash-18-may-2020 546 https://reliefweb.int/report/malaysia/malaysia-flooding-betong-district-sarawak-state-1949-may-11-2020 547 https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysias-health-chief-says-schools-can-reopen-if-covid-19-numbers-are-low 548 https://my.usembassy.gov/health-alert-covid-050420/ 549 https://my.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 550 https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-covid-19-cases-may-20-coronavirus-12752914 551 https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/05/04/on-first-day-of-cmco-malaysias-new-covid-19-cases-back-to-two-digit-zero-de/1862954 552 https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/singapores-coronavirus-outbreak-sends-malaysia-scrambling-test-migrant-workers 553 https://my.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/
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Screening points are present at all international entry points. Sabah and Sarawak states have imposed temporary restrictions on all foreign nationals and non-Sabah residents from entering. Long term visa holders may be admitted but will be required to self-quarantine at home for 14 days.554 The Malaysian Plastics Manufacturers Association (MPMA) said swab sticks produced for testing kits for COVID-19 are being tested. The group is working with a team of experts from Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Penang Hospital, Perdana Universiti-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, University of Malaya’s Medical Faculty and the Malaysian Petrochemicals Association (MPA) to make 1.2 million of the specialized swabs. The initiative is in partnership with the Ministry of International Trade and Industry which has allowed resumption of operations of manufacturers of essential plastics products to allow Malaysia to produce its own essential supplies without relying on international suppliers.555
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The Malaysian Red Crescent Society (MRCS) set up a task force to support the GOM in dealing with the pandemic. (https://www.redcrescent.org.my/covid-19-task-force/) The MRCS is continuing to provide support to affected populations from heavy rains and flooding in Kelantan and Terengganu that began in late 2019.556 HP Foundation has donated US$500,000 (RM2.17 million) to Mercy Malaysia’s COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan. The donation will be primarily used to help test high risk and vulnerable communities. Mercy Malaysia’s plan is part of the wider efforts supporting the Ministry of Health (MOH) and National Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre (CPRC).557 Mercy Malaysia’s COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan can be found here: https://secureservercdn.net/166.62.107.20/c4u.e1c.myftpupload.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/COVID-19- Strategic-Preparedness-and-Response-Plan-1.pdf The UN World Health Organization (WHO) is Malaysia’s primary health partner. Other UN agencies include UNAIDS, UN Development Program (UNDP), UN Population Fund (UNFPA), UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)558 Amnesty International and the Asia Pacific Refugee Rights Network (APRRN) have expressed concern over reports of boats likely carrying Rohingya refugees in the region and have called upon on regional governments to allow them safe disembarkation.559560 Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) has expressed that it is willing to support the government in its COVID-19 and general health response with regards to refugees and asylum-seekers.561
Country-specific planning considerations
Quarantine Centers: Government-run centers set up in March. NADMA is coordinating the operation of quarantine centers. One of the main centers, at the Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang (MAEPS), has the capacity for 600 patients and will be coordinated by NADMA with the Armed Forces and other government agencies.562 On 7 April, NADMA identified hotels which could double as centers.563 Any travelers permitted to enter Malaysia during the CMCO will be subject to testing and a mandatory 14-day quarantine. Travelers will be transported directly from the airport to a quarantine facility. Foreign nationals, including Malaysian permanent residents, will be required to cover the costs of this quarantine, which will be a minimum of RM150/day.564
554 https://my.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 555 https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/05/20/malaysian-plastics-makers-to-make-swabs-for-covid-19-mass-testing/1868096 556 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/MDRMY004du3.pdf 557 https://sg.channelasia.tech/article/679854/hp-supports-covid-19-fight-malaysia-through-mercy-donation/ 558 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=he2xmI8xZFQ%3d&portalid=0 559 https://reliefweb.int/report/malaysia/urgent-statement-end-pushbacks-rohingya-refugees 560 https://reliefweb.int/report/malaysia/covid-19-no-excuse-sacrifice-rohingya-lives-sea 561 https://reliefweb.int/report/malaysia/msf-ready-support-government-malaysia-safe-disembarkation-people-distress-sea 562 https://www.pmo.gov.my/2020/03/covid-19-pm-visits-maeps-low-risk-patient-quarantine-treatment-centre/ 563 https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2020/04/07/hotels-doubling-up-as-quarantine-centres-identified-by-nadma-says-health-dg/ 564 https://my.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/
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Displaced Populations / Migrants: 178,990 refugees and asylum seekers are registered with UNHCR across Malaysia,565 including more than 101,000 Rohingya and 52,000 others also from Myanmar.566 Sabah has a large migrant and stateless population. Malaysia has four million undocumented migrant workers and refugees altogether. On 1 May, Malaysian police raided homes and arrested hundreds of undocumented migrants in an attempt to contain the spread of COVID-19. It deported nearly 400 Myanmar nationals on 11 May,567 arresting 1,368 illegal immigrants that same day in a Kuala Lumpur raid.568 Healthcare professionals are bound by circular 10/2001, which requires doctors to report illegal immigrants seeking health services to the police and immigration authorities. This also gives license to authorities to detain the undocumented workers. 569
Hospitals: Total beds available are 3,585 at 34 identified hospitals for the response. The GOM has identified other hospitals that can be turned into temporary quarantine centers.570 There is a total of 144 government, 240 private hospitals in the country.571
Health: Outbreaks of Dengue and TB remain concerns. Malaysia has a health system and health status on par with its rank as an upper middle income country. Malaysia is a medical tourism destination.572 Malaysia has a current polio outbreak. On 27 February, Malaysia’s MoH received 2.5 million doses of the polio vaccine from WHO and managed by the United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) to be delivered to over 1 million children below 13 years old in Sabah to control the spread of polio. Malaysia was polio free from 1992 to 2019, but now has 3 reported cases.573
Security: In Malaysia, reports have emerged of health workers evicted from their homes by landlords over fears that the tenants could transmit the virus.574
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565 https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/figures-at-a-glance-in-malaysia.html 566 https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2020/05/25/Malaysia-coronavirus-refugees-asylum-seekers-xenophobia 567 https://www.irrawaddy.com/specials/myanmar-covid-19/malaysia-deports-nearly-400-undocumented-myanmar-workers.html 568 https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/05/12/immigration-detains-1368-illegals-after-kuala-lumpur-wholesale-market-raid-monday-may-11 569 https://asiafoundation.org/2020/05/13/malaysias-marginalized-and-covid-19/ 570 https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/578007/malaysia-has-enough-hospital-beds-says-pm 571 https://www.statista.com/statistics/794860/number-of-public-and-private-hospitals-malaysia/ 572 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=he2xmI8xZFQ%3d&portalid=0 573 https://www.who.int/malaysia/news/detail/28-02-2020-2.5-million-doses-of-polio-vaccines-deployed-to-stamp-out-polio-in-sabah 574 http://insecurityinsight.org/
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MALDIVES Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Considerations Affected State Information Resources Measures/Acces s International travel remains As of 29 MAY, the Government of Maldives site: MALDIVES COVID-19 banned for maritime and Maldives has http://www.maldivesinfo.gov.mv international and domestic extended lockdown /home/ Total Case Trend flights. Foreign tourists over the capital, MoH Maldives COVID-19 site: cannot check into hotels and Male, for another 2000 covid19.health.gov.mv/en/ must remain in resorts where two weeks. The 1800 restrictions can be enforced. lockdown was first MoH Maldives Corona Virus 1600 implemented 15 Infection Response Guideline 1400 Nationwide ban on public APR and scheduled 2020: gatherings and stay at home through 28 MAY.578 http://hpa.gov.mv/DOCS/158029 1200 guidance issued. Police 6708.pdf 1000 enforcing measures and could Public Health Risk DRR in Maldives 2019 Status detain or fine violators.575 Six Alerts: Report: inhabited islands, including National – Level 2 https://www.preventionweb.net/ Male, are under lockdown.576 (Yellow) files/68254_682304maldivesdrms Male’ City - Level 4 7 Deaths – 1,883 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN tatusreport.pdf 500 foreigners are stranded, (Red) https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html including 100 at the airport. Kuredu Island COVID-19 Case Database The Government providing Resort & Spa – Level https://github.com/CSSEGISandD financial assistance.577 3 (Orange)579 ata/COVID-19
Disaster Risk
The Republic of Maldives has an overall INFORM model risk ranking of 136 out of 191 countries (a lower number indicates higher risk). Disaster risk in the last three years has been stable.580 Its low-lying atolls, are highly vulnerable to flooding and impacts from climate change.581 90% of the islands flood annually and 97% experience flood line erosion.582 The country has a tourist dependent economy which has been hard hit by travel bans due to COVID-19 restrictions.583 Additionally, INFORM has a new COVID-19 Risk Index, which assesses “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Maldives is in the “medium” COVID risk class, based on its INFORM COVID-19 risk of 4/10 (with 10 indicating highest risk).584
575 https://www.worldaware.com/covid-19-alert-maldives-eases-some-entry-restrictions-may-4 576 https://thediplomat.com/2020/05/maldives-sees-rapid-spike-in-covid-19-patients/ 577 https://weather.com/health/coronavirus/news/2020-05-01-hundreds-of-tourists-are-stranded-in-the-maldives-due-to 578 https://www.indiablooms.com/world-details/F/24430/lockdown-extended-in-maldives-as-covid-19-cases-cross-1-500.html 579 https://covid19.health.gov.mv/en/ 580 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 581 https://www.britannica.com/place/Maldives 582 https://www.preventionweb.net/files/68254_682304maldivesdrmstatusreport.pdf 583 https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/covid-19-india-will-stand-by-maldives-in-this-challenging-time-says-pm- modi/articleshow/75247158.cms 584 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic
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National organization response
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) was established in December 2018 to carry out comprehensive disaster risk management interventions and address vulnerability issues. The National Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Framework provides legal and administrative guidance for DRR activities and coordinates between government ministries, private sector, NGOs and citizens.585
In late January, the Health Minister began preparations for a COVID-19 outbreak by conducting a risk assessment and forming a national response guideline and health emergency coordination committee. In February, Maldives arranged with the WHO to receive 1000 testing kits and thermal cameras were fitted in the main airport to screen incoming passengers. Resorts were quarantined, and schools and other public spaces were closed.586 The government has allocated USD$13.7 million to finance precautionary measures against the virus outbreak.587
The Government of the Maldives has proposed guidelines for reopening tourism starting 1 July, with major regulations including a minimum 14-day stay, testing on arrival, and isolating until test results known.588 The Ministry of Tourism stated on 27 MAY that zero tourist arrivals since March was “more devastating than the 2004 Tsunami and 2008 Global Financial Crisis.”589
USAID committed US$2 million to Maldives for emergency assistance to address COVID-19.590
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society)
UNICEF (https://www.unicef.org/maldives/) and Maldivian Red Crescent (https://redcrescent.org.mv/ ) are among the most active contributors to DRR and disaster management funding and support.591On 1 May, Maldivian Red Cross launched a ‘COVID-19 Migrants Relief Fund’ to expand ongoing relief efforts to support the socio-economic impacts of the outbreak of coronavirus in the country.592
Country-specific planning considerations
Many of the COVID-19 patients are Bangladeshi migrant workers, who live in congested accommodation in the capital, Male, a small densely populated island where more than 150,000 people live in a 5.8-square-kilometer (2.3-square-mile) area. Many [foreign workers] are undocumented, do not report symptoms or are asymptomatic," said Mohamed Mabrook Azeez, spokesman for the National Emergency Operations Center, adding that “physical distancing measures is logistically difficult in place like Male’ in any situation.” There are about 60,000 migrant workers, mostly from Bangladesh, working as unskilled laborers in Male’, many of whom work as couriers to deliver essentials. The government plans to relocate some 3,000 Bangladeshi nationals to other islands in the Maldives to enable social distancing, and repatriate 1,500 unregistered Bangladeshi workers, according to Azeez. 593
585 https://www.preventionweb.net/files/68254_682304maldivesdrmstatusreport.pdf 586 https://covid19.health.gov.mv/faqs/ 587 http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-03/31/c_138935314.htm 588 https://maldivestimes.com/maldives-proposes-guidelines-to-commence-safe-tourism/ 589 https://visitmaldives.s3.amazonaws.com/74w8n5qK/afkp01xi.pdf 590 https://mv.usmission.gov/united-states-to-support-maldives-covid-19-response-through-economic-support-and-social-protection/ 591 https://www.preventionweb.net/files/68254_682304maldivesdrmstatusreport.pdf 592 https://redcrescent.org.mv/documents/press-statement-maldivian-red-crescent-launches-covid19-migrants-relief-fund/ 593 https://thediplomat.com/2020/05/maldives-sees-rapid-spike-in-covid-19-patients/
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Health: Maldives has made strides against communicable diseases having great success with vaccine-prevention and receiving free status from malaria, polio, neonatal tetanus, whooping cough, and diphtheria. However, it is moving toward an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases.594
Hospitals: There are 23 public hospitals, 6 regional hospitals, 14 atoll hospitals, and 172 primary healthcare centers. The geographic dispersion of the islands challenges access to provide health care and necessary supplies, pharmaceuticals, and equipment to the population.595
Quarantine Centers: The Government set up three dedicated clinics for COVID-19 include: Flu Clinic in Senahiya, Male; Flu Clinic behind Male’ Hiya 2, Male; Expat Clinic next to Maldives Autism Centre, Hulhumale.596 Additionally, there are a total of 17 isolation facilities and 867 quarantine facilities in the country.597 In March the government converted the abandoned luxury resort island of Villivaru in the Kaafu Atoll into a quarantine facility. Renovations to update facilities to house patients were completed in 10 days by 50 workers. Increasing space in the country for 1,158 rooms and 2,288 beds available for potential quarantined populations.598
Security: On 15 April, al-Nab, the Islamic State (ISIS) claimed responsibility for attacks against the Maldives with the arson of 5 speedboats and 2 dinghies in the Mahibadhoo island harbor. 599 The Maldives has seen a resurgence of ISIS supporters spreading ideology by the exploitation of the COVID-19 pandemic as several incidents show violent extremism becoming a growing problem in the country.600 Return to TOC
594 http://www.health.gov.mv/Uploads/Downloads//Informations/Informations(42).pdf 595 http://www.health.gov.mv/Uploads/Downloads//Informations/Informations(42).pdf 596 https://covid19.health.gov.mv/en/ 597 http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-03/31/c_138935314.htm 598 https://www.businessinsider.com/maldives-turns-abandoned-island-into-coronavirus-quarantine-facility-2020-3 599 https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/islamic-state-terror-in-the-maldives-as-covid-19-arrives/ 600 https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ICS-Maldives_UNCLASS-508.pdf
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MONGOLIA Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Resources Considerations Measures/Access International borders Mongolia has suspended all Government of Mongolia Official remain closed and inbound travel from foreign website: only charter flights locations until May 31 and http://www.cabinet.gov.mn/ MONGOLIA COVID-19 repatriating banned the entry of all foreign Mongolia government official Total Case Trend Mongolian citizens nationals for the same period. All website on COVID-19: are able to land with commercial flights, passenger https://covid19.mohs.mn 200 195 passengers following rail, and auto traffic into and out Mongolia National Center for 190 3-week quarantine of Mongolia are suspended Communicable Diseases: 602 185 measures. during this time period. https://www.nccd.gov.mn/ 180 175 School closures On 14 APR, the State Emergency US Embassy, COVID-19: 170 affecting 900,000 Commission extended https://mn.usembassy.gov/covid- 165 19-information/ children have caused preventative measures to 1 SEP 160 secondary impacts 2020. CFE-DM Disaster Reference 155 such as nutrition, Handbook for Mongolia: 150 protection, and The U.S. has committed $1.2 https://www.cfe- million in financial support to dmha.org/DMHA- safety. Physical abuse 603 of children up by Mongolia to combat COVID-19. Resources/Disaster-Management- Reference-Handbooks 32.9% in March Compulsory use of face masks in compared to public was mandated on 14 April COVID-19 Case Database 0 Deaths – 191 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN 601 February. subject to penalty of MNT https://github.com/CSSEGISandDa ta/COVID-19 https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html $150,000 for noncompliance.604
Disaster Risk Mongolia has an overall INFORM model risk ranking of 101 out of 191 countries (a lower number indicates higher risk) and shows decreasing risk in the last three years.605 The country is also at risk for natural disasters including severe winter storms, strong winds, dust storms, drought, flooding and earthquakes.606 Additionally, INFORM has a new COVID-19 Risk Index, which assesses “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Mongolia is in the “medium” COVID-19 risk class, based on its INFORM COVID-19 risk of 3.7 on a scale of 1-10, where 10 indicates highest risk.607
National organization response On 23 February, the Mongolian government mobilized a COVID-19 task force of 832 individuals monitoring 336 checkpoints around the country. Additionally, citizens were repatriated from S. Korea, Japan, Turkey, and Russia. When the first cases were detected on 2 March, the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) detained the man and all he made contact with to curb the spread.608 In February 2020, the number of unemployed increased by
601 https://reliefweb.int/report/mongolia/mongolia-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-situation-report-no-1 602 https://mn.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 603 https://www.usaid.gov/mongolia/press-releases/mar-25-2020-us-mongolia-partner-combat-covid-19-mongolia 604 https://mn.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 605 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 606 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks 607 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic 608 https://thediplomat.com/2020/03/mongolias-small-country-strategy-for-containing-covid-19/
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31,000 from the previous month in the same period in 2019.609 As a result, on 27 March, a comprehensive set of measures to address the financial impact of COVID-19 response including tax exemptions, child allowance and unemployment benefits was implemented.610
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The World Bank approved US$26.9 million for the Mongolia COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health System Preparedness Project. Funding will go toward training emergency medical staff, medical equipment and supplies and the construction of COVID-19 diagnostic capacity centers in Ulaanbaatar and all provinces.611 The U.S. Government will collaborate with USAID, the Mongolian Ministry of Health, World Health Organization and UNICEF to strengthen infection prevention and control in Mongolia with a $1.2 million COVID-19 funding allocation.612 On 11 April, over USD$80,000 in lab tests and personal protection equipment was provided to the Mongolian Ministry of Health on behalf of the WHO. To maintain essential protective measures for health workers and responders on the frontline and their patients.613
Country-specific planning considerations Total COVID-19 cases doubled with 56 new cases reported 14 May. Most patients were returning students. All cases involved recent arrivals from neighboring Russia, where a spike in infections brought total cases to over 240,000. Mongolia faces risks from the spiraling outbreak in Russia, where many Mongolians work and study.614
Health: Mongolia struggled with H1N1 virus during winter 2018-2019 specifically affecting children under 5. 1,700 children were hospitalized exceeding the pediatric beds available (977) in Ulaanbaatar by 70%. Anticipating the 2019- 2020 flu season and prevalence of the H3N2 flu strain, the country began doubling the number of available hospital beds. In February 2020, 1,169 children were hospitalized due to flu coinciding with the onset of COVID-19 cases globally. The government measures for closed borders and quarantine were successful. And preparations for H3N2 set up the country for success in the COVID-19 response. Additionally, flu cases dropped 90% from last year to only 1.8% of hospital visits. Also, due to heightened hygiene practices surrounding COVID-19 precautions, there have been 0 cases of gastro infections registered this year.615
Hospitals: There are 12 general and maternity hospitals, 16 district health centers, and 21 health facilities in Mongolia. Their contact information is here: (https://covid19.mohs.mn/p/cat/post/52/). The urban areas in the country had the highest number of physicians (42.4 per 10,000 patients) and 77.6 hospital beds per 10,000.616
Security: The State Emergency Commission (SEC) announced that not wearing a mask in public places could be considered intent to harm other people’s health and residents could be fined MNT $150,000 for the Law on Infringement.617 Return to TOC
609 https://reliefweb.int/report/mongolia/mongolia-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-situation-report-no-1 610 https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Policy-Responses-to-COVID-19 611 https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/04/02/the-world-bank-approves-269-million-for-mongolias-covid-19-coronavirus- emergency-response 612 https://www.usaid.gov/mongolia/press-releases/mar-25-2020-us-mongolia-partner-combat-covid-19-mongolia 613 https://www.who.int/mongolia/news/detail/10-04-2020-supporting-frontline-workers-in-the-covid-19-response 614 https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/russia-outbreak-spreads-to-neighbor-as-mongolian-cases-jump/ar-BB144gny 615 https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/mongolia-finds-a-silver-living-in-the-covid-19-crisis/ 616 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5576166/ 617 https://montsame.mn/en/read/222259
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MYANMAR / BURMA Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Considerations Affected State Information Measures/Access Resources
Pre-monsoon cyclone season is April to Stay-at-home orders that Travel & Activity May. Post-monsoon cyclone season is originally went into effect restrictions Myanmar COVID-19 Total Case Trend October to November. April 25 remain in place as of https://mm.usem 29 May for the Yangon bassy.gov/covid- The government has extended many 250 townships of Mayangone 19-information/ COVID-19-related restrictions through 240 and Insein.620 May 31 – including a ban on international Myanmar
230 commercial flights, restrictions on Information People entering the capital, 220 gatherings of people, temporary closure Management Unit Nay Pyi Taw, must of non-essential businesses, lockdowns of / Daily SITREPS 210 quarantine for 21 days if certain neighborhoods, mandatory https://themimu.i 200 from COVID quarantined quarantines, and movement restrictions nfo/emergencies/ townships, as of 30 APR. 190 throughout the country. Restrictions and coronavirus- Foreigners entering for work 180 enforcement differ widely across the disease-2019- must have employer country. The nationwide curfew is from covid-19 170 approval and be symptom 12:00 A.M. to 4:00 A.M.618 160 free.621 Ministry of Health Exceptions apply to “relief flights, all- 150 and Sports COVID cargo flights, medical evacuation flights In Mandalay, non-essential dashboard and special flights specifically approved by businesses are closed and https://mohs.gov. the Department of Civil Aviation.”619 persons must wear masks in mm/Main/conten
public. Mandatory 21-day t/publication/201 6 Deaths – 236 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN Extreme shortages of health care facility quarantine and 7-day 9-ncov professionals home quarantine for https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html COVID-19 Cases 150,000+ internally displaced persons persons entering Mandalay Database (IDPs) Region from states and https://github.co regions with COVID-19 Numbers of reported COVID positive m/CSSEGISandDat positive cases. 622 cases likely to be vastly lower than real a/COVID-19 rates of infection.
Government continues to greatly restrict humanitarian access to areas with conflict.
Disaster Risk: The INFORM Global Risk Index’s overall ranking for Myanmar is 14 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) for disasters and humanitarian crises. The natural hazards Myanmar is most highly exposed to include flood, earthquake, and tsunami, in addition to human conflict. Additionally, INFORM has a new COVID-19 Risk Index, which assesses “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Myanmar is in the “medium” COVID risk class, based on a COVID risk of 4.8 on a scale of 1-10, where 10 indicates highest risk. 623
618 https://mm.usembassy.gov/message-for-us-citizens-51520/ 619 https://mm.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 620 https://mm.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 621 https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmars-capital-sets-regulations-visitors.html 622 https://mm.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 623 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/inform-covid-analysis-v01
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Myanmar COVID-19 Forecast Historical Events: Major events: May 2008: 50 Cyclone Nargis left 138,300 people dead and affected 2.4 40 million people.624
30 Recent Events: Aug 2019: Heavy rains and landslides In 20 Mon State 53 were killed and 29 reported missing; more 10 than 105,000 displaced.625
y = -0.08 PACOM 0 Response: May 2015: Rohingya Sea Migration -10 May 2007: Myanmar: Cyclone 4/1/2020 4/4/2020 4/7/2020 5/1/2020 5/4/2020 5/7/2020 6/3/2020 6/6/2020 6/9/2020 7/3/2020 7/6/2020 7/9/2020 4/10/2020 4/13/2020 4/16/2020 4/19/2020 4/22/2020 4/25/2020 4/28/2020 5/10/2020 5/13/2020 5/16/2020 5/19/2020 5/22/2020 5/25/2020 5/28/2020 5/31/2020 6/12/2020 6/15/2020 6/18/2020 6/21/2020 6/24/2020 6/27/2020 6/30/2020 7/12/2020 7/15/2020 7/18/2020 7/21/2020 7/24/2020 Nargis626 New Cases Forecast Lower Forecast Range Upper Forecast Range
Projections: The slope/test positivity rate (TPR) for Myanmar is less than 1, which indicates a manageable or resolving COVID-19 situation.
National organization response Ministry of Health and Sports (MoHS) is lead for response. The Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement (MoSWRR) plays critical role in determining humanitarian access and assistance to most vulnerable populations. Rakhine and Chin States in Myanmar continue to be hard to reach due to Government restrictions on access. The MoSWRR continues response efforts, and together with national and international partners, delivered hygiene items to IDP camps, and provided awareness sessions and psychosocial support. 627
624 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=twwMY081NH8%3d&portalid=0 625 https://www.adrc.asia/view_disaster_en.php?NationCode=104&Lang=en&Key=2345 626 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=twwMY081NH8%3d&portalid=0 627 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OCHA%20Myanmar%20-%20%20COVID-19%20Situation%20report%20No%203.pdf
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Burma has the ability to test for COVID-19 infections domestically, according to the US embassy. There has been no change in the availability of fuel or water in Burma due to COVID-19 but the pandemic has disrupted the supply of some imported food. Criminal penalties exist for violating Burma’s disease-control efforts, the embassy cautions.628 According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the border with Thailand was expected to re-open on 1 May to allow an estimated 20,000 to 50,000 migrant returns. The Myanmar Government requested to the Thai Government to only allow 2,500 returnees per day through the Myawaddy border gate; however, due to an extension of the Emergency Decree in Thailand until 31 May, returns have been delayed. The government, UN and other actors are closely observing the situation in order to provide support. It is expected that approximately 2,000 returning migrants will be quarantined in Myawaddy, while the remainder will be transported from the border to their home communities for community-based quarantine, the IOM reports.629 Preparedness and response efforts, as well as risk communication and community engagement by government and humanitarian partners continue.630 Myanmar health authorities have been planning to accelerate preventive and control measures against Dengue this year, an official from the Public Health Department said. Efforts are being focused, especially in Yangon, Mandalay regions and Mon state.631 Information on disaster management is available in CFE-DM’s Myanmar DM Reference Handbook: https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=S8aQJk6cuzE%3d&portalid=0
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) On 20 April, the World Bank approved a US$50 million loan for the Myanmar COVID-19 Emergency Response Project.632 According to OCHA, while maintaining ongoing operations, humanitarian organizations continue to scale up COVID-19 prevention and response preparedness activities in camps, displacement sites and conflict-affected areas, as well as activities in support of the government to provide basic assistance to returning migrant workers in quarantine facilities.633 Over 60,300 migrant workers had returned from abroad as of 23 April, according to the IOM.634 IOM continues to support the MOHS and State/Region Health Departments in Kachin, Rakhine, Mon, Kayin and Yangon in surveillance and health screenings near points of entry.635 According to IOM, over 4,000 migrants returned to Kachin State, mainly from China. An additional 6,207 returned to northern Shan State through Muse Nan Taw, Muse Chinshwehaw and Mongla. IOM states that 65,613 migrants have expressed intention to re-migrate to Thailand once the border reopens. IOM reported that due to the delayed re-opening of the Thai-Myanmar border, only 218 returns through official channels occurred from 1-7 May, according to the Department of Labour. IOM and partners provided hygiene kits and WASH supplies to returnees.636 International Labour Organization and local partners provided hygiene items in Kachin, Shan and Kayin states, in Bago and Tanintharyi regions, and Yangon. UNHCR is providing assistance in Kachin, northern Shan
628 https://mm.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 629 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/iom-myanmar-covid-19-response-situation-report-3-1-may-2020 630 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-covid-19-situation-report-no-03-4-may-2020 631 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/preventive-and-control-measures-against-dengue-accelerated 632 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-covid-19-situation-report-no-03-4-may-2020 633 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OCHA%20Myanmar%20-%20%20COVID-19%20Situation%20report%20No%203.pdf 634 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-covid-19-situation-report-no-03-4-may-2020 635 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OCHA%20Myanmar%20-%20%20COVID-19%20Situation%20report%20No%203.pdf 636 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/IOM%20Myanmar%20COVID19%20Sitrep%20%234%20%289%20May%202020%29.pdf
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State and in the Southeast; WFP coordinating with the Kayin State Government to provide meals to returning migrants.637 The UNDP and the UNHCR agreed with the government of Myanmar to extend the tripartite Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for activities in Rakhine State through June 2021. The MoU aims at “helping create a conducive environment for the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable repatriation of Rohingya refugees from Bangladesh as well as supporting recovery and resilience-based development for the benefit of all communities living in the three northern townships of Rakhine State,” UNDP and UNHCR report.638 World Vision Myanmar supported the Township Health Departments and General Administration Departments (GAD) across conflict-affected areas and provided 2,660 sets of personal protective equipment (PPE), 8,360 masks and 480 thermometers.639 WFP is coordinating the consolidated procurement of PPE for humanitarian organizations and is arranging chartered flights connecting Yangon to Kuala Lumpur on a weekly basis in May. The service will provide access for humanitarian workers and help transport humanitarian cargo. According to OCHA, WFP is promoting the use of its newly established Consolidation Hub in Guangzhou, China to humanitarian partners for storing and shipping COVID-19-related humanitarian cargo.640 The Myanmar Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) “provides a framework for coordinated, needs-based and prioritized action in Myanmar.” The plan is developed by the Myanmar Humanitarian Country Team (HCT), under the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator (RC/HC). The plan can be found here: https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-humanitarian-response-plan-2020-december-2019 A COVID-19 Addendum to the 2020 HRP has been added for an initial period of three months, that outlines priority preparedness and response, in particular in Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Rakhine and Shan states. According to OCHA, “the total caseload includes the existing HRP target (850,000) and an emergency support for 50,000 returning migrant workers. Response will be mobilized through existing humanitarian coordination structures (including clusters/sectors) with additional requirements for Logistics. An inter-sectoral Rapid Response Mechanism is also being established. US$46 million will be required to implement priority activities in regard to COVID-19 in high risk areas, in addition to the $216.3 million requested through the existing HRP (total $262.3m).”641 According to OCHA, the Health cluster adapted programs and prioritized infection prevention and control measures to ensure essential services are delivered in HRP target areas.642 The Germany based NGO Arche noVa reports that it has supplied masks to the MOH, started a COVID-19 awareness campaign, and provided hygiene supplies in Lashio and Rakhine state.643 Emergency food aid from the WFP have reached communities stranded for months in Paletwa in southern Chin State, located near the border with Rakhine state. Some 3,700 conflict-affected people will receive food. Supply routes going into Paletwa have been cut off due to fighting. The delivery was hampered on 29 April, when a convoy of five WFP contracted trucks carrying aid was fired on by unidentified gunmen.644 UNFPA (United Nations sexual and reproductive health agency), has delivered 350 sets of PPE to Kachin State Health Department. UNFPA is also working on delivering 1,500 sets of PPE for the State Health Departments from Kachin, Northern, Shan, Rakhine, Mon and Kayin States supported by the Women and Girls First Programme and Access to Health.645
637 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/IOM%20Myanmar%20COVID19%20Sitrep%20%234%20%289%20May%202020%29.pdf 638 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/undp-unhcr-and-government-union-myanmar-extend-memorandum-understanding 639 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OCHA%20Myanmar%20-%20%20COVID-19%20Situation%20report%20No%203.pdf 640 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OCHA%20Myanmar%20-%20%20COVID-19%20Situation%20report%20No%203.pdf 641 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OCHA%20Myanmar%20-%20%20COVID-19%20Situation%20report%20No%203.pdf 642 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OCHA%20Myanmar%20-%20%20COVID-19%20Situation%20report%20No%203.pdf 643 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/coronavirus-emergency-aid-worldwide-current-preventive-measures-myanmar-and-syria 644 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/wfp-food-reaches-communities-affected-conflict-and-hunger-remote-paletwa-chin-state 645 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/unfpa-scales-its-support-myanmar-s-state-and-regional-health-departments-fighting
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WFP will operate its first weekly humanitarian flight linking Yangon and Kuala Lumpur on 10 May to bring in priority cargo and support frontline humanitarian and health responders in Myanmar. Each flight is able to accommodate two MT of humanitarian cargo and up to 100 passengers. 646 On 10 May, the first flight brought 10,000 COVID-19 test kits, the first batch of 20,000 kits, reagents and viral transport medium that UNICEF has procured as part of its ongoing support to the MoHS. EU and Switzerland are providing financial support.647 On 9 May, to mark Europe Day, EU Ambassador Kristian Schmidt handed over food and supplies to 550 health workers at the government hospitals of Wai Bar Gyi and South Okkapala.648 WFP, with UNICEF, UNHCR, and UNFPA, is designing a Rapid Response Mechanism for Myanmar to be activated in case of need. The package may include food assistance, drinking water and hygiene kits, and will aim to link to Government social protection assistance.649 WFP is planning a UN COVID-19 Socio-Economic Workstream, co-leading the social protection pillar with UNICEF and the community resilience pillar with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).650 WFP, in close coordination with other actors in the Nutrition in Emergency (NiE) Sector, has developed a guidance package on emergency nutrition response in the context of COVID-19.651 Myanmar Red Cross: Myanmar Red Cross Society (MRCS), in close coordination with the MoHS and with the support of IFRC Myanmar Country Office, is leading the Red Cross and Red Crescent’s response to COVID-19 in Myanmar. MRCS has 44,000 community-based volunteers through its 330 branches in the country. With the auxiliary role to the government in humanitarian activities by the national law, MRCS has closely coordinated with MoHS both at national, regional, and township levels. Food: According to OCHA, since the beginning of April, WFP has shifted its emergency relief assistance to a two- month ration in the majority of its operational areas and a three-month ration in hard-to-reach areas in Kachin, Kayin, Rakhine and northern Shan.652
Country-specific planning considerations Quarantine Centers: As of 2 May, around 42,600 people had been quarantined in over 8,300 facilities across the country.653 According to MoHS, in conflict-affected areas, 461 facilities host over 3,500 people in Shan, 518 facilities host over 5,700 people in Kachin, 367 facilities host more than 230 people in Kayin and 209 facilities host around 2,000 people in Rakhine.654 WFP is providing emergency food and nutrition assistance to 14,400 people in quarantine sites in Kayin, Mon and Yangon. WFP also delivered meal boxes to 800 people who completed facility quarantine in Hpa An Township in Kayin. WFP plans to provide cooked meals for 15,000 migrant returnees in quarantine sites in Hpa An, Kyarinseikgyi and Myawaddy townships in Kayin State for the 21-day quarantine period, in addition to a one-time meal for an estimated 30,000 migrant returnees who may cross the Thai-Myanmar border in Myawaddy. 655
Health: On 21 April, the Government opened a new medical center in Hlegu Township of Yangon able to treat up to 600 patients, with the possibility to expand to up to 2,000 patients. The facility has four intensive care units (ICU) capable to support 40 patients, and a special ward with two oxygen therapy rooms for 240 patients. Given
646 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/wfp-myanmar-covid-19-situation-report-04-6-may-2020 647 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/united-nations-launches-european-unionswitzerland-funded-humanitarian-flights-first 648 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/eu-ambassador-marks-europe-day-myanmar-donation-health-workers 649 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Myanmar%20COVID-19%20External%20Sitrep%20%234%20%286%20May%202020%29.pdf 650 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/wfp-myanmar-covid-19-situation-report-04-6-may-2020 651 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/wfp-myanmar-covid-19-situation-report-04-6-may-2020 652 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OCHA%20Myanmar%20-%20%20COVID-19%20Situation%20report%20No%203.pdf 653 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-covid-19-situation-report-no-03-4-may-2020 654 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OCHA%20Myanmar%20-%20%20COVID-19%20Situation%20report%20No%203.pdf 655 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/wfp-myanmar-covid-19-situation-report-04-6-may-2020
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the high proportion of confirmed cases and limited ICU beds in Yangon, the government has also repurposed a training facility into a medical center.656 UN to provide 50,000 sets of coveralls to the Ministry of Health and Sports. The coveralls are expected to be distributed to the frontline healthcare workers at state and regional levels, as well as to community-based organizations and ethnic health organizations. The Access to Health Fund is in process of delivering other PPE. Myanmar utilizes a community-based health care system. Hospitals vary in size by district and range from 16 to 300 beds with a provider-to-patient ratio of about 2:1. EXTREME shortages of health care professionals. Somewhat updated facilities, but severely understaffed. Infection control measures not in place. 944 hospitals / 45,346 beds.
Displaced: In Rakhine State – 130,000 IDPs in camps;657 In Shan State – 9,817 IDPs at 34 sites.658 As of 31 March, there were 138 IDP sites in Kachin State, with a total of 96,930 IDPs.659 For maps of IDP sites in Kachin and northern Shan states: https://reliefweb.int/map/myanmar/myanmar-idp-sites-kachin-state-31-march-2020. Some 4,000 people were forced to flee their homes on 21-22 April due to fighting in Minbya Township – the same township where a WHO driver died 20 April after his WHO vehicle came under gunfire (see “Security” section). There is also small-scale displacement in Kyauktaw and Ponnagyun townships.660 The Government announced a budget of 2.4 billion Myanmar Kyats (US$1.7million) for preventive measures in IDP camps.661 Myanmar contends with rebel groups in its borderlands, which have severely limited medical supplies and piecemeal COVID-19 containment plans – some led by armed groups and civil society groups. Some armed groups are procuring coronavirus test kits and building makeshift quarantine sites. The problems are magnified by extreme restrictions on aid in rebel-controlled areas.662
Prisons: On 17 April, Myanmar’s president announced the release of 24,896 prisoners amid fears of COVID-19 outbreaks in the crowded prisons.663 The largest mass pardon in recent years was timed with Myanmar’s New Year, but excluded rights activists.664 The country’s entire system of almost 100 prisons and labor camps has only 30 doctors and 80 nurses.
Security: On 9 May Myanmar’s Tatmadaw has announced a four-month unilateral ceasefire to allow the country to fight COVID-19, but it excludes areas where the Arakan Army operates. The military said there will be a ceasefire from 10 May to 31 Aug with the aim of allowing the nation to carry out the containment, prevention and treatment of COVID-19.665666 On 20 April, a WHO driver was killed while driving a marked UN vehicle from Sittwe [Rakhine State’s capital] to Yangon, transporting COVID19 surveillance samples for the MoHS.667 Some armed groups have called for a ceasefire to prepare for the coronavirus, though military officials have rejected such proposals.668 The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) has expressed concern over growing civilian fatalities as a result of fighting between Myanmar security forces and the United League of Arakan/Arakan Army (ULA/AA) — an ethnic Rakhine armed group fighting for greater autonomy in Rakhine state.669 Return to TOC
656 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/OCHA%20Myanmar%20-%20%20COVID-19%20Situation%20report%20No%203.pdf 657 https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/2020/04/29/covid-19-protection-risks-responses-situation-report-no-4-as-of-29-april-2020/ 658 https://reliefweb.int/map/myanmar/myanmar-idp-sites-kachin-state-29-february-2020 659 https://reliefweb.int/map/myanmar/myanmar-idp-sites-kachin-state-31-march-2020 660 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ROAP_Snapshot_200428.pdf 661 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-covid-19-situation-report-no-03-4-may-2020 662 https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2020/04/21/Myanmar-coronavirus-Rakhine-Kachin-Karen-conflict 663 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-17/myanmar-releases-prisoners-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/12160388 664 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-rights-activists-excluded-largest-prisoner-release-years 665 https://www.ucanews.com/news/myanmar-military-calls-unilateral-ceasefire-in-covid-19-fight/87983 666 https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-05-10/Myanmar-military-declares-ceasefire-for-COVID-19-fight-QngnEOEII8/index.html 667 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/attack-vehicle-killed-myanmar-driver-condemned-200422011858564.html 668 https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2020/04/21/Myanmar-coronavirus-Rakhine-Kachin-Karen-conflict 669 https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/coronavirus-cover-myanmar-civilians-under-fire
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NAURU Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Resources Considerations Measures/Access
As of 5 June 2020, Nauru has 0 confirmed cases of Government suspended On 16 March 2020, Government of Republic COVID-19. all international flights to Nauru’s President of Nauru website: Nauru except one every declared a state of http://www.naurugov.nr/ Republic of Nauru President Lionel Rouwen Aingimea stated other day to Brisbane emergency to manage TC Harold SITREP: on 15 March 2020, “Nauru is particularly vulnerable to with strict quarantine and minimize the impact threat of the coronavirus. The global impact indicates that Details affecting Pacific measures including 14 of COVID-19 effective for should the virus enter Nauru, the results could be Islands: devastating.” day quarantine. an initial 30 days. https://reliefweb.int/rep 14-day Quarantine Australia will provide ort/vanuatu/tropical- cyclone-harold-situation- The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Mandate for travelers AUD $4.5 million to assist Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) has designated Nauru a report-7-14-april-2020 with direct or indirect the Government of country at minimal risk for natural disasters however Nauru address the health involvement with a acknowledges it has a low capacity to respond due to its and economic impacts of *TC Harold has not had 670 vessel with confirmed small population and geographic isolation. the COVID-19 any impact to Nauru. coronavirus cases. pandemic.672 COVID-19 Case Database Any travelers with flu-like 200 refugees and asylum https://github.com/CSSE symptoms may be seekers in country GISandData/COVID-19 quarantined until cleared undergoing Australian
by Nauru Health off-shore processing.673 https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html Department.671
Disaster Risk: The INFORM Global Risk Index’s overall ranking for Nauru is 108 out of 191 countries (a lower number indicates higher risk) for natural disasters and humanitarian crises. Disaster risk in the last three years has been stable.674 Additionally, INFORM has a new COVID-19 Risk Index, which assesses “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Nauru is in the “high” COVID risk class, based on its INFORM COVID-19 risk score of 5.2 on a scale of 1-10, where 10 indicates highest risk.675
National organization response
Nauru established the Department of National Emergency Services in 2016 also passing their Disaster Risk Management Act detailing the plan for disaster management and disaster risk reduction in the country.676
670 https://www.unocha.org/office-pacific-islands/nauru 671 https://fj.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/covid-19-information/ 672 http://www.naurugov.nr/government-information-office/gio-notices/wednesday,-15-april-2020.aspx 673 https://www.sbs.com.au/news/nauru-declares-state-of-emergency-to-manage-coronavirus-pandemic 674 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 675 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic 676 http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/acts/d36677fea38c559c4ea7f5041735cf8e.pdf
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The Coronavirus Taskforce and the Nauru Police Force are working on a national response drill while the hospital is also working on its own drill. The MOH is expecting a second oxygen plant which will more than double oxygen capacity. The hospital is expected to receive testing kits on 1 May.677
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The WHO in the Western Pacific is based in Manila, Philippines and there are several regional WHO Country Liaison Offices which provide support to Nauru.678 The WHO in the Pacific coordinates the COVID-19 Joint Incident Management Team (IMT), which has developed and is implementing a six-month Pacific Action Plan for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Preparedness and Response.679
Country-specific planning considerations A Migration Act with Australia could critically complicate persons contracting the COVID-19 virus and needing to seek emergency care services and or inundating services in country and needing to be medically evacuated to Australia. Particularly concerning are the 600 Australian refugee/asylum seekers currently detained in offshore processing centers in Papua New Guinea and Nauru. The ‘Medevac Bill’ was passed in February 2019 allowing refuges to be transferred to Australia for urgent medical treatment unavailable in Nauru. Prior to this bill, patients were delayed or denied medical transfers of against the recommendation of doctors for months or years impacting outcomes and in at least one instance resulting in a death that was deemed preventable if not for the significant delays.680 In December 2019, Australia repealed the medical evacuation law citing concerns about national security and concerns regarding the ability to obtain approval for medical transfers for this population have returned.681 This population being held in detention facilities are at greater risk due to their inability to practice recommended social distancing in the event of exposure to the virus.682
Evacuation Centers: Nauru has no confirmed COVID-19 cases.
Hospitals: Nauru has two hospitals: Nauru General Hospital is run by the government and Nauru Phosphate Corporation Hospital also known as the Republic of Nauru Hospital (RONH), which is state run and provides free medical and dental treatment for its citizens. Anyone with serious illnesses and injuries unable to be treated on island are sent by air to Australia. Additionally, the Republic of Nauru Pharmacy imports pharmaceuticals from Australia and Netherlands and suffers from frequent supply shortages and disruptions in distribution.683 These circumstances could critically challenge the country if affected by the virus.
Quarantine: A flight from Brisbane arrived 1 May with 27 passengers. They will be taken to the Meneñ Hotel and Anibare Village for a 14 day quarantine, along with one Nauruan fisheries observer who was waiting on a vessel at sea.684
Security: N/A Return to TOC
677 http://www.naurugov.nr/government-information-office/gio-notices/thursday,-30-april,-2020.aspx 678 https://www.who.int/nauru/about-us 679 https://www.who.int/westernpacific/about/how-we-work/pacific-support/news/detail/21-02-2020-pacific-steps-up-preparedness-against-covid-19 680 https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/08/23/australia-retain-emergency-medical-care-refugees# 681 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/dark-day-australia-repeals-medical-evacuation-refugees-191204004120084.html 682 https://reliefweb.int/report/australia/coronavirus-poses-added-risks-australia-s-immigration-detainees 683 http://www.naurugov.nr/government/departments/department-of-health-and-medicinal-service.aspx 684 http://www.naurugov.nr/government-information-office/gio-notices/thursday,-30-april,-2020.aspx
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NEPAL Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Considerations Affected State Information Measures/Access Resources
On 4 JUN, Nepal reported the The nationwide lockdown is Ministry of Health highest single-day increase, extended through 14 June.690 and Population Nepal COVID-19 Total Case Trend with 334 new confirmed https://heoc.mohp.go 3000 685 A ‘timecard system’ v.np/update-on- COVID-19 cases. novel-corona-virus- implemented 10 May regulates 2800 covid-19/ Monsoon season is JUN-SEP. the limited vehicular movement 2600 Communities vulnerable to in Kathmandu Valley by Epidemiology and 2400 floods also at high risk of mandating essential businesses Control Division 2200 COVID-19.686 only operate vehicles 2-3 http://www.edcd.gov .np 2000 hours/day at designated 5.3 magnitude earthquake 691 Civil Aviation 1800 times. struck central Nepal on 12 Authority 1600 May. No damages or loss of The government has extended http://caanepal.gov.n 687 1400 life reported. the suspension on all domestic p
and international flights to 30 COVID-19 Cases 1200 Measles outbreaks have been 692 JUN. Database reported in several districts 1000 https://github.com/C including in Kathmandu and The borders with India and SSEGISandData/COVI Lalitpur. China are closed until further D-19 notice.693 Epidemiology and 11 Deaths – 2,912 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN Dept. of Immigration suspended all visa services Domestic movement restricted Disease Control 688 Division Weekly https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html until 14 June. between municipalities, districts, and provinces. Bulletin: The Logistics Cluster will https://reliefweb.int/ provide storage service for Emergency responders, security report/nepal/epidemi ology-and-disease- medical supplies at three forces, and UN staff are exempt control-division-early- 694 Humanitarian Staging Areas from the lockdown order. warning-and- (HSAs): Kathmandu, reporting-system- Hotel Association Nepal will Nepalgunj and Dhangadhi ewars-40 keep all affiliated hotels shut Airports.689 until mid-OCT.695
Disaster Risk: The INFORM Global Risk Index’s overall ranking for Nepal is 44 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) for disasters and humanitarian crises. Additionally, INFORM has a new COVID Risk Index, which identifies “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national
685 https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 686 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/avoiding-perfect-storm-covid-19-and-floods-nepal-findings-community-disaster-management 687 https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/5-3-magnitude-earthquake-hits-nepal/articleshow/75710871.cms 688 http://www.nepalimmigration.gov.np/ per notice dated 31 May 2020 689 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/nepal-national-logistics-cluster-standard-operating-procedure-transport-and-storage 690 https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2020/may/31/nepal-extends-coronavirus-lockdown-until-june-14-vows-to-bring-back-stranded-citizens-2150401.html 691 https://thehimalayantimes.com/business/time-card-system-implemented-from-sunday-delivery-services-comes-to-standstill/ 692 https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2020/may/31/nepal-extends-coronavirus-lockdown-until-june-14-vows-to-bring-back-stranded-citizens-2150401.html 693 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/covid19-nepal-response-situation-report-no-vi-11-may-2020-banke-bardia-kailali 694 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/wfp-nepal-country-brief-march-2020 695 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/covid19-nepal-response-situation-report-no-vi-11-may-2020-banke-bardia-kailali
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response capacity.” Nepal is assessed as being in the High COVID risk class, based on a COVID risk of 5.1 on a scale of 1-10, where a higher number indicates higher risk. 696 Monsoon season runs June to September. Communities vulnerable to floods are also at high risk of COVID- 19. 80% of Nepal is vulnerable to multiple hazards, with flooding one of the most frequent and devastating.697
National organization response: The High-Level Coordination Committee on Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus under the leadership of the Deputy Prime Minister and Defense Minister has established a COVID-19 Crisis Management Centre (CMC). Key function of the CMC is to deliver rapid responses to COVID-19. Ministry of Health Epidemiology and Control Division has released an SOP for case investigation and contact tracing: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1X_xo6Pgc8DLEJ97OAH3aF0pavBAwhmvV/view Coronavirus Prevention, Control and Treatment Fund (CPCTF) established by the federal government has been receiving funds from various organizations and individuals. The Ministry of Finance, on 27 April, introduced the second phase of a stimulus relief package for the public and businesses affected by the pandemic.698 Nepal extended its nationwide lockdown past the 2 JUN deadline to 14 JUN, per a 30 MAY Cabinet decision. All residents and visitors throughout Nepal are required to remain in their place of residence. All movement on the roads, by vehicle and on foot, is currently prohibited with very limited life safety exceptions.699 All domestic and international flights are suspended until 30 JUN, and visa services suspended until 14 JUN.700 The government also decided to mobilize the Army to the worst-hit areas to effectively implement the lockdown.701 Nepal saw its highest single-day increase in new COVID-19 cases on 1 JUN with 226 cases, per the health ministry. Of Nepal’s 77 districts, 59 have confirmed COVID-19 cases.702 With officials expanding testing in May, the government anticipated a rise in COVID-19 cases.703 The government has decided to bring home Nepalese stranded abroad on a priority basis.704 500,000- 600,000 migrant workers plan to return to Nepal as early as possible, as the COVID-19 pandemic causes job losses for 10-30% of Nepalis working in Malaysia, UAE, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Oman, per a Nepal Association of Foreign Employment Agencies report.705 In March, before lockdown, close to 500,000 Nepali migrant workers crossed the border back into Nepal from India without any screening.706 According to the government’s early warning and reporting system (EWARS) weekly bulletin (17 May) nine cases of dengue were reported (five from Myagdi, three from Kaski and one from Kathmandu). Additionally, 113 cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) have been reported (these are separate from COVID-19 cases).707 According to a report by the Government of Finland, in 2019, remittances in Nepal accounted for some 26% of the country's GDP. The World Bank estimates that in 2020 remittances to Nepal may fall by 14% (approximately US$1.2 billion). According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the number of Nepalese migrant workers in Malaysia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait is estimated to be 1.5 million. An estimated 3–4 million are working in India.708 With the country under lockdown, routine measles immunization programs have been affected in several districts. The MOHP suspended measles-rubella vaccination drives for an indefinite period after the lockdown. Due to the rise in cases, the Ministry has begun asking local health facilities to resume regular vaccination programs.709
696 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/inform-covid-analysis-v01 697 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/avoiding-perfect-storm-covid-19-and-floods-nepal-findings-community-disaster-management 698 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/DCA_SITREP%20%23V%20_4%20May%2C%202020_Final.padf 699 https://np.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ Updated 31 MAY 2020 700 http://www.nepalimmigration.gov.np/ 701 https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2020/may/31/nepal-extends-coronavirus-lockdown-until-june-14-vows-to-bring-back-stranded-citizens-2150401.html 702 https://www.livemint.com/news/world/nepal-records-highest-single-day-spike-with-226-new-covid-19-cases-11591037367759.html 703 https://kathmandupost.com/health/2020/05/20/nepal-s-covid-19-tally-reaches-427-after-the-confirmation-of-25-new-cases 704 https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2020/may/31/nepal-extends-coronavirus-lockdown-until-june-14-vows-to-bring-back-stranded-citizens-2150401.html 705 https://kathmandupost.com/national/2020/05/21/at-least-500-000-migrant-workers-want-to-return-home-at-the-earliest-says-report 706 https://www.nepalitimes.com/here-now/returnees-may-be-taking-coronavirus-to-rural-nepal/ 707 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/epidemiology-and-disease-control-division-early-warning-and-reporting-system-ewars-43 708 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/vital-remittances-nepal-risk-due-coronavirus-outbreak-says-ambassador-pertti-anttinen 709 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/measles-outbreaks-reported-five-districts-including-kathmandu-and-lalitpur-last-one
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WFP, as the lead of the Logistics Cluster, is coordinating closely with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Health Directorate on the possibility of consolidating shipments of COVID-19 related health supplies from China planned by the government and other partners. The Cluster has also finalized a health facility assessment in six provinces.710 The government said it will restrict people’s movement into Kathmandu valley, but despite the lockdown, there are reports that hundreds of people are entering from various parts of the country, according to a report by The Tribune India.711 Nepal on 8 May began a new session of its parliament as the country entered the 46th day of a nationwide lockdown. The previous day, health workers took samples of lawmakers to conduct lab tests as a precautionary measure.712 A report from the Kathmandu Post says that some Nepali officials are worried that hundreds of crews and cargo trucks being let in from India to deliver supplies to Nepal might result in further spread of COVID-19. The concerns come after the government relaxed some lockdown measures, allowing factories to resume production. According to the mayor of Birgunj Metropolitan City, the number of cargo trucks entering the country via the Birgunj- Raxaul border point has reached around 700 daily and each truck carries at least two to three people. Hundreds of cargo trucks are also entering the country via several other border entries such as in Bhairahawa and Nepalgunj.713 Almost 4,500 tourists are still stranded in Nepal according to the Nepal Tourism Board (NTB). Around 10,000 tourists were in the country at the beginning of the lockdown, but around 5,500 have since returned. All flights have been suspended since March 22 and only flights with special permission from the Civil Aviation Authority are allowed to fly.714 The government has released its “National Policy and Strategic Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management 2018-2030.”The document can be found here: https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/national-policy-and- strategic-action-plan-disaster-risk-reduction-and-management-2018 (Not directly COVID-19 related but is a key national disaster risk reduction document that details the key priority actions in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction priorities for action [SFDRR]). The related National Policy for Disaster Risk Reduction 2018 can be found here: https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/national-policy-disaster-risk-reduction-2018-enne Information on disaster management is available in CFE-DM’s Nepal DM Reference Handbook: https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=YydG2a5IWvY%3d&portalid=0
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The National Logistics Cluster (NLC) has released a document which explains the scope of the logistics services provided by the NLC: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/nepal_national_logistics_cluster_covid-19_sop_200419.pdf The Swiss government on 8 May gave the government 30,000 PCR tests.715 The Nepali Times reported on 8 May, two Chinese flights taking back Chinese tourists stranded in Nepal brought in medical equipment including 10,000 KN95 masks, 338,000 disposable surgical masks and 9,000 PPE donated by the Chinese Embassy and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China.716 World Vision International Nepal (WVIN) has developed a response plan to support the government’s efforts. Children’s interests are the main focus of the plan, and the response will be initially implemented across 14 districts.717 WVIN has also donated PPEs and hygiene kits.718
710 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WFP-0000114431.pdf 711 https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/world/covid-19-pandemic-nepal-extends-lockdown-till-may-18-81177 712 https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/nepal-begins-parliament-session-amid-covid-19-lockdown/1833923 713 https://kathmandupost.com/national/2020/05/10/officials-warn-rise-in-number-of-cargo-trucks-entering-nepal-raises-the-risk-of- coronavirus 714 http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-05/11/c_139048365.htm 715 https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/nepal-confirms-three-new-coronavirus-cases-total-infections-reach-102-health- ministry/articleshow/75629816.cms 716 https://www.nepalitimes.com/latest/swiss-pcrs-for-nepal-covid-19-testing/ 717 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/nepal-covid-19-response 718 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/world-vision-international-nepal-supported-1000-personal-protective-equipment-ppes-and
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The UN in Nepal has released “Rumours and Facts on COVID-19” brochures to help combat misinformation on COVID-19. The latest issue can be found here: http://un.org.np/sites/default/files/rumour-tracking_Issue3.pdf The World Bank has approved a fast-track US$29 million COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project to help Nepal prevent, detect, and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and strengthen its public health preparedness.719 On 6 May the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved a US$214 Million Disbursement.720 UNICEF warns that as the pandemic continues to weaken the health system, an estimated 4,000 children could die in Nepal in the next six months without urgent action. The number of children dying before their fifth birthdays is going to increase for the first time in decades if action not taken, UNICEF warns.721 UNICEF Report on COVID-19 response in South Asia: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNICEF%20ROSA%20COVID- 19%20Situation%20Report%20No.%205%20-%2031%20March-7%20April%202020.pdf On 4 May, the UN released its “Strategic Summary 2019” for Nepal. (While not directly COVID-19 related, the plan gives a good overview of the UN strategic plan towards development in Nepal): https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/strategic-summary-2019 Nepal Red Cross Society is responding to COVID-19 with ambulance and blood transfusion services, ensuring Personal Protective Equipment for front line workers, psychological support, and Red Cross Emergency Clinics.722 NRCS Emergency Operation Centre (EOC) was activated on 6 February. Community Based Health and First Aid (CBHFA) volunteers are on the ground in Palpa and Arghakhanchi districts with the financial support of the Australian Red Cross doing COVID-19 related awareness activities.723 On 17 May India gave Nepal 30,000 PCR test kits.724 DanChurchAid (DCA) is providing food aid, medical and hygiene supplies in central and western Nepal.725
Country-specific planning considerations
Quarantine Centers: Established in various parts of Nepal, centers lack basic facilities (bedding, toilet, drinking water) including safety gear (PPE) for health practitioners deployed to those locations. (Source: Preliminary report on the epidemic of corona virus, Informal Sector Service Center [INSEC]).
Displaced Populations: According to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), there are 29,000 IDP (2019) in Nepal.726
Health: On 4 JUN, Nepal reported the highest single-day increase, with 334 new confirmed COVID-19 cases.727 Local governments in more remote regions of Nepal have asked Tribhuvan University for help in carrying out tests. The university has sent testing equipment, experts and volunteers to help in at least three provinces.728 The GoN has designated a total of 25 hospitals across the country for the treatment of COVID-19.729 Including the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Teku, COVID-19 lab test services has been expanded to 19 other institutions across the country, with at least one lab in each province.730 Nepal has increased testing, performing more rapid diagnostic tests
719 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/government-nepal-and-world-bank-sign-29-million-financing-agreement-nepal-s-covid-19 720 https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/05/07/pr20209-nepal-imf-executive-board-approves-us-million-disbursement-address-covid-19- pandemic 721 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/covid19-nepal-response-situation-report-no-vii-18-may-2020-banke-bardia-kailali 722 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/covid19-nepal-response-situation-report-no-vi-11-may-2020-banke-bardia-kailali 723 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/NRCS-COVID-19-Prepardness-and-Response-situation-updateSitrep-74.pdf 724 https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/nepal-thanks-india-for-providing-medical-supplies-to-fight-covid-19/article31606721.ece 725 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/DCA_COVID-19_SITREP%20%23VII_18%20May%2C%202020.pdf 726 https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nepal 727 https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 728 https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20200508091926245 729 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ADRANepal_COVID-19_SitRep_03.pdf 730 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/covid19-nepal-response-situation-report-no-vii-18-may-2020-banke-bardia-kailali
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that only test for antibodies than Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests. The lockdown implemented 24 March stranded people at the border, including many migrant Nepalis who entered informally.731 Total 1,029 ICU beds and 552 ventilators are available in the country. Of this, 278 ICU beds and 250 ventilators are in Kathmandu Valley and 751 ICU beds and 302 ventilators in other districts (Source: Ministry of Health and Population (SITREP#51). Severe shortages of health care professionals. Infection control measures not in place. 84 government hospitals / 5,025 beds total. Increased concern for pregnant women facing limited access to maternal health care due to movement restrictions, transportation challenges and anxiety over exposure to the virus.732 A 50-bed Special Hospital has been established in Dhangadhi, Sudurpaschim Province.733
Security: According to the Nepal Police Headquarters, sexual assault and domestic violence have increased. Over the 40 days through 1 May, at least 158 girls and women have reported sexual assault, 272 people have committed suicide, and 182 other cases of domestic violence including child abuse, have been reported.734 The Hindustan Times reported that a group of Chinese nationals stranded in Nepal due to the lockdown clashed with police as they tried to reach the Prime Minister’s Office in Kathmandu. Nepal police said 45 had been arrested.735 Several people harassed a health worker traveling in a car at Nagdhunga check post 16 May, resulting in one being arrested.736 The COVID-19 lockdown seems to be exacerbating rights violations against lower caste members, especially “untouchable” Dalits. Since lockdown was imposed at least a dozen cases of caste-based discrimination and human rights violations have occurred toward Dalit communities, including rape and murder, spurring Parliament’s Law, Justice and Human Rights Committee on 25 MAY to directed the Ministry of Home Affairs to investigate the incidents during lockdown. A Samata Foundation legal advisor said that in Achham only people from Dalit communities returning home from abroad were quarantined.737 Return to TOC
731 https://thediplomat.com/2020/05/nepals-covid-19-struggle-continues-amid-a-concerning-surge/ 732 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/nepal-covid-19-turning-pregnancy-excitement-fear 733 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/covid19-nepal-response-situation-report-no-vii-18-may-2020-banke-bardia-kailali 734 https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/covid19-nepal-response-situation-report-no-v-may-4-2020-banke-bardia-kailali-kanchanpur 735 https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/45-chinese-nationals-in-nepal-demand-flights-to-go-home-throw-stones/story-IHVldc3ZR9gMTF3dFEcZmJ.html 736 https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/one-held-for-harassing-health-worker/ 737 https://kathmandupost.com/national/2020/05/26/serious-human-rights-violations-against-dalits-reported-during-lockdown ; https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/06/01/nepal-ensure-justice-caste-based-killings#
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NEW CALEDONIA (Fr.) Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Considerations Measures/Access Resources
November – March Lockdown orders for the Government of New New Caledonia Tropical Cyclone Season. country ended 20 April with Caledonia website: 30 COVID-19 Total Case Trend certain precautions still in https://gouv.nc/ 25 New Caledonia requires place for reduced class sizes, anyone arriving from strict hygiene, and social Travel Advisory for 20 overseas to isolate for 3 distancing.740 New Caledonia: weeks of which the last https://www.travel- 15 week can be spent at Original lock down orders were advisory.info/new- 10 home. This is an issued 19 March and extended caledonia extension from initial 2- in two-week increments. 5 week mandatory COVID-19 Case quarantine.738 Lockdown conditions required Database 0 anyone in public to carry https://github.com/ The only shipments justification for movement CSSEGISandData/CO allowed are for papers or face fines. 741 VID-19 0 Deaths – 20 confirmed cases as of 4 JUN emergencies/supplies. 739 COVID-19 Data Repository by CSSE at JHU, updated to PREVIOUS day for New Caledonia: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19
Disaster Risk: New Caledonia is a French territory in Oceania, made up of three main islands, Ouvea, Lifou, and Mar and several smaller islands located in the southwest Pacific Ocean approximately 900 miles east of Australia.742 Its population of approximately 290,009, mostly reside in and around the capital of Nouméa.743 New Caledonia has annual equatorial depressions from December to March including frequent tropical cyclones (typhoons) and heavy rains from July to August.744 New Caledonia is also home to Matthew Island and Hunter Islands which are historically active volcanos.745
National organization response New Caledonia issued lockdown orders on 19 March 2020 which went into effect 24 March. An extension of restrictions was announced 11 April and lockdown mandates were lifted on 20 April though cases have stayed under 20 total and there have been 0 deaths.746 After 52 days of no new cases, a person tested positive for coronavirus on 28 May. All COVID-19 cases were found in people coming from overseas, primarily France.747
738 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/414851/new-caledonia-extends-quarantine-for-returnees-to-three-weeks 739 https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/french-territory-of-new-caledonia-lifts-restrictions/1811695 740 https://www.france24.com/en/20200423-new-caledonia-the-french-island-where-lockdown-is-already-over 741 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/414019/new-caledonia-extends-covid-19-lockdown 742 https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Caledonia-French-unique-collectivity-Pacific-Ocean/People 743 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nc.html 744 https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Caledonia-French-unique-collectivity-Pacific-Ocean#ref53927 745 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nc.html 746 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/414019/new-caledonia-extends-covid-19-lockdown 747 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/417773/new-caledonia-19th-covid-case-nearly-two-months-after-last
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While the country is no longer on lockdown, and schools, businesses, hotels, restaurants, shops and beaches are open; tourism has not resumed and the only shipments allowed are for emergencies or supplies.748
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society)
The Pacific Humanitarian Pathway on COVID-19 (PHP-C) coordinated 55,000 facial masks and 20,000 protective masks to the Pacific Island Forum member countries including New Caledonia which received 10% of the distribution. PPE was donated from the Jack Ma Foundation.749
The French Red Cross of New Caledonia provided support to the health authorities by checking passengers coming into the Nouméa airport and handling logistics for the quarantine sites for those infected.750 The Red Cross in Your Home operation was also launched providing 1,400 home deliveries of food and supplies to vulnerable and isolated populations. The Red Cross also responded to government requests to provide donations of toys, food and clothing to improve the lives of those quarantined in hotels.751
Country-specific planning considerations
New Caledonia formally annexed from France in 1853 however, per the 1998 Nouméa Agreement, the country arranged to vote for independence in 2018 which ended in a 56.4% to 43% vote to reject splitting from France. Subsequent elections are set to be held every two years and the next vote is scheduled for September 2020. However, Separationists have called for a postponement due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and to avoid a conflict with municipal elections.752
Quarantine Centers: Individuals arriving in New Caledonia were quarantined in Nouméa hotels which have space for 850 people.753 The government paid two-week hotel quarantine may be ending.754
Hospitals: New Caledonia has approximately 650 doctors working in the public and private health sectors. There are also 559 nurses per 100,000 population.755 The capital, Nouméa has 1 public hospital and three private clinics and some pharmacists. The smaller islands rely on community clinics for medical care. The main medical facility is the Hôpital Gaston Bourret.756
Security: Lockdown conditions were enforced to require an attestation of essential business to justify movement with violators fine US$800 for a first offense and US$1600 for a second offense. Approximately 3000 people had been fined before restrictions were lifted.757 Return to TOC
748 https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/french-territory-of-new-caledonia-lifts-restrictions/1811695 749 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/414837/first-covid-19-supplies-arrive-through-forum-s-pathway-programme 750 https://go.ifrc.org/emergencies/3991#details 751 https://gouv.nc/actualites/18-05-2020/le-bilan-de-la-croix-rouge-durant-la-crise 752 https://www.euronews.com/2020/05/19/coronavirus-new-caledonia-separatists-want-france-independence-vote-postponed-due-to-covid 753 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/414851/new-caledonia-extends-quarantine-for-returnees-to-three-weeks 754 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/417773/new-caledonia-19th-covid-case-nearly-two-months-after-last 755 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259920/WPRO-2017-DPM-015-nec-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 756 https://www.travmed.com/pages/new-caledonia 757 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/414019/new-caledonia-extends-covid-19-lockdown
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NEW ZEALAND Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Considerations Affected State Information Resources Measures/Access
All travelers entering New New Zealand’s Government of New Zealand Zealand must go into 14-day cabinet will decide 8 website: New Zealand COVID-19 managed isolation in a JUN whether to lift https://www.govt.nz/ government-provided (hotel) the domestic Total Case Trend facility or if exhibiting COVID-19 lockdown by Government of New Zealand COVID-19 site: 1560 symptoms, go to a quarantine reducing the facility (hospital). Individuals may country’s status to https://covid19.govt.nz/ 1540 not self-isolate at home or take a Level 1, two weeks includes Travel updates, 1520 domestic flight until 14-day earlier than first Alerts, best practices and 759 video & transcripts of daily 1500 period is complete. planned. No new During Level 4 Alert, domestic COVID-19 cases since media conferences. 1480 travel is only permitted to 21 MAY. New Overview of Alert Levels in 1460 transport passengers performing Zealand had reduced New Zealand: 1440 essential services and transport the status to Level 2 https://covid19.govt.nz/aler 760 1420 of freight. on 13 MAY. New t-system/covid-19-alert- Zealand had declared Foreign nationals in NZ can travel system/#covid-19-alert- 1400 a State of National via air to return to their home system Emergency on 25 1-Jun 2-Jun 3-Jun 4-Jun 5-Jun country. COVID-19 Case Database 27-May 28-May 29-May 30-May 31-May MAR, which expired Scheduled flights available from on 13 MAY,761 when https://github.com/CSSEGIS Auckland, Wellington, the National andData/COVID-19 22 Deaths – 1,504* confirmed cases as of 5 JUN Christchurch, Dunedin and Transition Period New Zealand Emergency *No new cases since 21 MAY Nelson. came into force.762 Preparedness Site, ‘GET https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html ; No ferries are available.758 READY’: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 https://getready.govt.nz/
Disaster Risk: New Zealand’s overall INFORM model risk ranking is 162 out of 191 countries (a lower number indicates higher risk). Disaster risk in the last three years has been stable.763 Cyclone season runs from November to April.764 The country is exposed to natural hazards including volcanoes, earthquakes, damaging winds, tsunamis, floods, snow, landslides, storm surges and coastal erosion.765 Additionally, INFORM has a new COVID-19 Risk Index, which assesses “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” New Zealand is in the “low” COVID risk class, based on its risk score of 2.1/10 (10 being highest risk).766
National organization response The National Crisis Management Centre activated a national response to COVID-19 including an Operational Command Centre for day-to-day coordination of response activities across the nation. Additionally, the COVID-19
758 https://covid19.govt.nz/ 759 https://www.foxnews.com/world/new-zealand-coronavirus-restrictions-lifted-early 760 https://covid19.govt.nz/alert-system/covid-19-alert-system/ 761 https://covid19.govt.nz/alert-system/state-of-national-emergency/#state-of-national-emergency-expired 762 https://covid19.govt.nz/alert-system/national-transition-period/ 763 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 764 https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2019/10/new-zealanders-warned-to-prepare-as-cyclone-season-bears-down-on-the-country.html 765 https://www.rnz.co.nz/collections/natural-hazards/natural-hazards-in-new-zealand 766 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic
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Ministerial Group (CVD) was established by Cabinet to coordinate and direct the government response to the pandemic. On 25 March the Government declared a State of Emergency and issued an Epidemic Management Notice (COVID-19) 2020, which expired on 13 May. 767 The National Action Plan for COVID-19 response was published 1 April 2020.768 Additionally, the NZ Government announced a $12.1 billion NZ dollar economic package to include $500 million for health, $8.7 billion in support of businesses and jobs and $2.8 billion for income support and boosting consumer spending.769 The Ministry of Health also made provisions for financial medical assistance to individuals and families.770 Additionally, the Civil Defence Emergency Management Group set up a dedicated Healthline for COVID-19 related issues, 0800-358-5453 for those struggling to secure food, medication, and/or supplies. Civil Defense information is at: https://www.civildefence.govt.nz/resources/news-and-events/news/cdem-group-0800-numbers- for-supporting-communities/ The National Emergency Management Agency is the managing body for risk reduction and response.771
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the New Zealand Red Cross is providing essential and support services including: delivering 11,000 meals via Meals on Wheels program; delivering medical supplies from pharmacies to vulnerable people advised not to leave their homes; providing daily remote check-ins to over 350 former refugee families across the country; translating the Ministry of Health’s COVID-19 messaging into 13 different languages; Assisting health professionals at COVID-19 testing centers; Sharing safety messages with communities as part of a nationwide effort; and providing emotional and social wellbeing support.772 Additionally, The United Nations Children’s Fund New Zealand (UNICEF NZ) and The Salvation Army have collaborated to assist New Zealanders who are facing unemployment due to the COVID-19 Level 4 lock down and may struggle to provide their families with food. The organizations are providing urgent food and hygiene supplies and accepting donations via, The Salvation Army’s Foodbank Project.773
Country-specific planning considerations New Zealand’s ‘Get Ready’ website details emergency preparation and prevention for all communities, with information regarding all aspects of hazards and available assistance. https://getready.govt.nz/. Health: As of 3 JUN, New Zealand has consistently reported no new cases since 21 May 2020.774 New Zealand took an aggressive approach early on by closing borders and imposing a month-long lockdown in late March when there were only about 100 confirmed cases in the country.775 New Zealand has 40 public hospitals and (additional private hospitals) providing care for emergency, medical, surgical, and maternity services. The country counts 3,500 general practitioner doctors throughout New Zealand.776 Quarantine Facilities: Over 150 people were held at the Whangaparaoa Military Training Facility in February for 2 weeks after returning to NZ via airplane after evacuating from Wuhan, China. The military training base located in north Auckland.777 Subsequently, the Government have recommended self-isolation at home or in a hotel for returning travelers or symptomatic persons. Security: In New Zealand, medical staff are increasingly reporting being spat at by members of the public during the lockdown.778 Return to TOC
767 https://covid19.govt.nz/alert-system/state-of-national-emergency/#state-of-national-emergency-expired 768 https://covid19.govt.nz/assets/resources/legislation-and-key-documents/COVID-19-national-action-plan-2-issued-1-April.pdf 769 https://shorthand.radionz.co.nz/coronavirus-timeline/index.html 770 https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/409753/people-struggle-to-find-places-to-self-quarantine-amid-coronavirus-outbreak 771 https://www.civildefence.govt.nz/ 772 https://www.redcross.org.nz/what-we-do/in-new-zealand/covid-19/ 773 https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/414145/unicef-teams-with-the-salvation-army-to-support-nz-children-in-need 774 https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 775 https://apnews.com/2aad9ddddce1492f4e2068c092e65fa7 776 https://www.newzealandnow.govt.nz/living-in-nz/healthcare/healthcare-services 777 https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/409831/coronavirus-quarantine-at-whangaparaoa-military-base-ends-for-first-group-of-evacuees 778 http://insecurityinsight.org/
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NORTH KOREA / DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Planning Considerations Affected State Measures/Access Information Case Trend Resources
As of 5 June, North Korea intelligence is difficult to North Korea to reopen all schools and restart COVID-19 North Korea obtain, U.S. and South Korean intelligence cross-border trade with China in early June.782 Confirmed Cases (DPRK) has not have struggled to create an accurate picture of what is happening within its The U.S. State Dept. still categorizes North Korea https://github.c reported any om/CSSEGISand borders.779 at “Level 4: Do Not Travel” advisory. This is due Data/COVID-19 COVID-19 to the serious risk of arrest and long-term 780 cases. The population is 25 million and the detention of U.S. nationals and the global impact Flight country shares a 930-mile border with of COVID-19.783 Restrictions: China, where the coronavirus emerged. https://travel.st
Flight Restrictions: North Korea shut down its ate.gov/content The country is vulnerable to epidemics border with China (all flights and trains) in January /travel/en/trav
because of the poor public health system and has cancelled flights. eladvisories/tra and the international sanctions imposed veladvisories/n over its nuclear weapons and ballistic DPRK reports 740 coronavirus tests returned orth-korea- https://coronavirus.j missile programs, which make it hard to negative and thousands released from travel- hu.edu/map.html ship aid there.781 quarantine.784 advisory.html
Disaster Risk Overall INFORM model risk ranking for North Korea is 55 out of 191 countries. (Lower number indicates higher risk.)785 Recurrent natural disasters, such as droughts and floods, significantly impacts farming, food production, and affects overall food security. In July-August of 2018, there was a severe heat wave (up to 11 degrees hotter than average) in the provinces considered to be the ‘food basket’ of the country. Typhoons and tropical storms also affect the country although less frequently. In August 2018, Typhoon Soulik brought heavy rains to South Hamgyong and Kangwon provinces, as well as flash floods to North and South Hwanghae provinces.786 In September 2019, Tropical Cyclone Lingling made landfall as a category one cyclone and affected the population.787 According to a new Global Health Security Index, North Korea is among the least prepared states to handle an epidemic or pandemic outbreak.788 Additionally, North Korea’s INFORM COVID-19 risk is 4.7/10 indicating medium risk (10 being the highest).789
National organization response Disaster management in the country is not very transparent and there is no official national response system.790 A Bureau for Disaster Management was created in 2013 under the State Planning Committee. At the same time Departments for Disaster Management (DDM) were established. In 2014 a DPRK Law on Disaster Prevention, Rescue and Rehabilitation, was created. The Bureau for Disaster Management was integrated in the State Committee on Emergencies and Disaster Management (SCDEM), which since then took the lead in overlooking
779 https://www.newsweek.com/who-kim-jong-uns-sister-north-korea-leaders-reported-health-problems-push-kim-yo-jong-focus-1499135 780 https://www.who.int/countries/prk/en/ 781 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/21/world/asia/coronavirus-north-korea-trump-kim.html 782 https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/north-korea-to-reopen-schools-trade-with-china-as-coronavirus-threat-recedes/2020/06/02/2f5229f8-a4a3-11ea- 898e-b21b9a83f792_story.html 783 https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/north-korea-travel-advisory.html 784 https://www.foxnews.com/world/north-korea-claims-740-coronavirus-tests-come-back-negative 785 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 786 https://www.undp.org/content/dam/unct/dprk/docs/DPRK_NP_2019_Final.pdf 787 https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-peoples-republic-korea/dpr-korea-needs-and-priorities-2020-issued-april-2020 788 https://www.ghsindex.org/ 789 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic 790 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6717143/
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the DRM system at the national level.791 There is a community-based disaster preparedness (CBDP) program in the country which has helped establish early warning systems and evacuation plans.792 Related non- governmental organizations (NGOs), such as the Korea Disaster Safety Network, the Korea Disaster Relief Association, the Community Chest of Korea, and others, have been set up.793 The DPRK Red Cross is a member of the cabinet-level National Disaster Coordinating Commission (NDCC), which oversees the coordinated response in major emergencies, and of the province-level disaster management working groups, working alongside representatives of the government departments. The Red Cross Society of the DPRK has a disaster management mandate in the country as the only non-governmental agency auxiliary to the government in disaster response. In 1998 it established a separate disaster management department to focus on preparing individuals and communities for natural disasters and, where they occur, to reduce their impact. The Red Cross has pre- positioned emergency stocks for 27,000 families in seven warehouses, for immediate deployment in case of disaster.794
North Korea is reopening schools and restarting cross-border trade with China, according to state media on 1 JUN. While universities and final-year high school students had already resumed classes in April, all other schools, kindergartens, day-care centers and nursing homes will now reopen in early June. The reopening signals North Korea’s confidence about infection control, according to Kim Heung-kwang, a North Korean defector running a research group in Seoul, though he states, “North Korea does not have enough medical resources to make sure the virus has been eliminated, especially due to its limited testing capacity.” North Korea instituted one of the earliest and strictest lockdowns, closing its border with China in January, placing foreigners under effective house arrest, and severely restricted domestic travel.795
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) Response to COVID-19: Basic medical equipment and supplies as well as trainings for emergency care providers and surgeons are sorely lacking, and half of the country’s health facilities lack sufficient access to water and sanitation. Since January, the regime reportedly reached out discreetly to China, Russia, NGOs, and UN agencies for equipment to limit COVID-19, and received donations of personal protective equipment, other medical supplies, and 1,500 testing kits from Russia.796 This week, the Red Cross called for a sanctions exemption that would let it transfer money to its office in North Korea.797 The UN Humanitarian Country Team, in conjunction with the Government, has developed a Country Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP) for COVID-19 and aims to ensure continual prioritization of food security, nutrition, health, water, sanitation and hygiene interventions, are covered.798 The World Health Organization (WHO) is receiving “weekly updates” from North Korea’s health ministry and reported that the country had the capacity to test coronaviruses in its national reference laboratory in the capital Pyongyang. The WHO has sent supplies of protective equipment.799
Response to Other Health Needs: WHO provides technical guidance and logistical support to strengthen health facilities. UNFPA provides medicines, supplies, equipment, training, and emergency obstetric care to improve reproductive health, including maternal health and newborn survival. UNICEF provides equipment, medicine, vaccines, and capacity building of health facilities to support the Ministry of Public Health in maternal and child health. TGH supports the Korean Federation for Care of the Aged (KFCA) with training and capacity building for improved elder care. Humanity & Inclusion (formerly Handicap International) collaborates with the Korean
791 https://dprkorea.un.org/sites/default/files/2019- 08/unct_kp_FAO%20DRR.Final%20draft_Roadmap_Enhancing%20Institutional%20Capacities%20in%20DRM%20for%20food%20security%20in%20the%20DPRK.010615.pdf 792 https://www.ifrc.org/Global/Publications/disasters/reducing_risks/201300-North-Korea-Case-Study.pdf 793 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6717143/ 794 https://www.ifrc.org/Global/Publications/disasters/reducing_risks/201300-North-Korea-Case-Study.pdf 795 https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/north-korea-to-reopen-schools-trade-with-china-as-coronavirus-threat-recedes/2020/06/02/2f5229f8-a4a3-11ea- 898e-b21b9a83f792_story.html 796 https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/04/20/how-us-support-for-north-koreas-dire-medical-system-could-help-build-trust/ 797 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/14/world/asia/coronavirus-north-korea-sanctions.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article 798 https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-peoples-republic-korea/dpr-korea-needs-and-priorities-2020-issued-april-2020 799 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-northkorea/north-korea-testing-quarantining-for-covid-19-still-says-no-cases-who-representative-idUSKBN21P3C2
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Federation for the Protection of the Disabled to support 11 health facilities and mobile camps to improve rehabilitation access and conditions for persons with disabilities, and provides assistive devices and training.800
Country-specific planning considerations Health: The construction of the Kim Jong Un-ordered Pyongyang General Hospital, on Munsu Street in the Taedong River district of east Pyongyang, is proceeding to finish ahead of a 10 OCT deadline.801 Despite the presence of health facilities throughout North Korea, there are critical shortages in essential medical equipment and life-saving medicines. The needs analysis estimates 8.7 million people have limited access to quality health services.802 According to the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019 report, almost half of the population is undernourished (47.8 % or 12.2 million people).803 Almost 10 million people do not have access to safe drinking water and 16% of people do not have access to basic sanitation facilities. This enhances the risk of high rates of disease, as well as malnutrition and also places increased pressure on the health system which lacks the essential equipment and medicines to address them.804
Quarantine: North Korea has reported nothing about how many people it may have quarantined or tested for the virus. However, the country has suspended international tourism and extended the quarantine period for people with coronavirus symptoms, from 14 days to 30 days.805 Reports do suggest that North Korea’s leadership has imposed quarantine measures as part of strict prevention measures.806 In response to past crisis like SARS and Ebola, North Korea has utilized quarantine measures to reduce exposure to international public health threats.807 Other reports suggest that there has been COVID-19 positive cases and potential deaths.808
Security: Some reports say that North Korean authorities had drastically stepped up border controls, even ordering guards to fire at those attempting to cross the border illegally.809 The U.S. State Dept. website advises that you do not travel to North Korea due to the serious risk of arrest and long-term detention of U.S. nationals. Individuals cannot use a U.S. passport to travel to, in, or through North Korea without a special validation from the Department of State. The U.S. government is unable to provide emergency services to U.S. citizens in North Korea as it does not have diplomatic or consular relations with North Korea. Sweden serves as the protecting power for the U.S. in North Korea, providing limited emergency services. The North Korean government routinely delays or denies Swedish officials’ access to detained U.S. citizens.810
USG: While North Korea reports that there are no confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the country, the U.S. had greenlit the delivery of certain goods to the largely closed-off country in an effort to ensure the country had access to critical supplies. The U.S. has also expressed alarm, and it encouraged American and international aid groups to help the North counter and contain the virus.811 In March, President Trump sent a letter to North Korea’s leader, Kim Jong Un, expressing his willingness to help the North battle the coronavirus.812 The U.S. also facilitated the approval of assistance from U.S. and international aid and health organizations.813 Return to TOC
800 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/hrp-projects-prk? 801 https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2020/06/02/Kim-Jong-Un-ordered-hospital-is-moving-ahead-state-media-says/9371591093448/ 802 https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-peoples-republic-korea/dpr-korea-needs-and-priorities-2020-issued-april-2020 803 http://www.fao.org/3/ca5162en/ca5162en.pdf 804 https://www.undp.org/content/dam/unct/dprk/docs/DPRK_NP_2019_Final.pdf 805 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/14/world/asia/coronavirus-north-korea-sanctions.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article 806 https://thediplomat.com/2020/03/north-korea-flies-out-foreign-diplomats-amid-covid-19-concerns/ 807 https://www.cfr.org/blog/north-koreas-coronavirus-quarantine-more-effective-sanctions 808 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/22/opinion/kim-jong-un-coronavirus-north-korea.html 809 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/14/world/asia/coronavirus-north-korea-sanctions.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article 810 https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/north-korea-travel-advisory.html 811 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/14/world/asia/coronavirus-north-korea-sanctions.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article 812 https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/04/20/how-us-support-for-north-koreas-dire-medical-system-could-help-build-trust/ 813 https://www.newsweek.com/us-fast-tracks-humanitarian-aid-help-north-korea-fight-coronavirus-1499032
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PALAU Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Planning Affected State Information Resources Case Trend Considerations Measures/Access
As of 5 June, Palau Typhoon season runs Government strongly discourages large Palau government’s COVID-19 twice weekly situation has no confirmed June 1 – Nov. 30 gatherings of more than 50 people briefings can be found on the government’s between 18 March and 30 May.814 Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/PalauPresident COVID-19 cases. Dengue outbreak started Dec 2018. As of International passenger flights have Palau Ministry of Health (links to Daily SitRep): 815 http://www.palauhealth.org/ Sep 2019, 586 cases been suspended until further notice. and 2 deaths US Embassy in Palau: Health screening continues at Palau https://pw.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ Small UN and INGO International Airport for chartered and presence; Palau Red private aircrafts. Health screening at WHO Country Cooperation Strategy 2018-2022: Cross Malakal seaport continues for Palau: https://iris.wpro.who.int/handle/10665.1/13952
816 incoming vessels. WHO Western Pacific COVID-19 page USG with USAID/OFDA https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/covid-19 as lead likely to be a Suspected cases being treated at Belau primary responder National Hospital. COVID-19 Dashboard for the Western Pacific Region https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/wprocovid19/ USARPAC Pacific Palau had stopped all passenger flights Health information systems in the Pacific at a glance Pathways program into the country as of 26 March and 2016: https://iris.wpro.who.int/handle/10665.1/13644 https://coronavirus.jhu.e continuing with prepared quarantine sites. A weekly du/map.html Palauan Security Forces cargo & mail flight occurs Thursdays on MOH 24-hour COVID-19 Hotline for public inquiries: APA (Asia Pacific Airlines).817 +680-488-0555.
Disaster Risk: Overall INFORM model risk ranking is 124 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk). A 3-yr trend indicates stable overall risk. INFORM also has a new COVID Risk Index, which identifies “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Palau is assessed as being in the Medium COVID risk class, based on a COVID risk of 3.9 on a scale of 1-10, where a higher number indicates higher risk. 818
National organization response The National Emergency Management Office (NEMO) is lead DM agency. NEMO acts with the counsel of and in concert with the National Emergency Committee (NEC). The National Disaster Coordinator (NDC) is the coordinator of NEMO and assumes the overall control and coordination responsibilities of the National Emergency Committee (NEC). The Ministry of Health (MOH) is leading the COVID-19 response. The MOH Emergency Operations Center (EOC) activated on 22 January 2020.819 “Presidential Directive No. 20-39 –Imposing a moratorium on government travel to reduce the risk of COVID– 19 infection” was in effect until 30 April. The Directive ordered that no employee of the Executive Branch of the National Government shall undertake official international travel between March 18 and April 30, 2020, and that any employee who had traveled overseas should self-quarantine for 14 days upon return.820 The Ministry of Community and Cultural Affairs (MCCA), Palau Visitors Authority (PVA), and the Social Security Administration (SSA) have been appointed to launch the 2020 Pandemic Re-employment Program (PREP) “to
814 https://pw.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 815 https://pw.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 816 http://www.palauhealth.org/2019nCoV_SitRep/MOH-COVID-19%20Daily%20Update.pdf 817 https://pw.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 818 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/inform-covid-analysis-v01 819 http://www.palauhealth.org/2019nCoV_SitRep/MOH-COVID-19%20Daily%20Update.pdf 820 https://www.palaugov.pw/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Presidential-Directive-No.-20-39.pdf
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allow tourism-industry workers who have lost their employment due to COVID-19 to access temporary work improving Palau’s tourism infrastructure.”821 Information on DM in Palau is available in CFE-DM’s Palau Disaster Management Reference Handbook: https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=BY6k6Au4FgU%3d&portalid=0
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) WHO—Palau is part of the WHO Western Pacific team. (https://www.who.int/palau) The Taiwan government provided medical supplies and grants to Palau. Onsite testing is available in Palau due to the assistance of Taiwan through test kits, a PCR machine and medical training.822 A team of Taiwan health experts also assisted the country. Health Minister Emais Roberts said Palau was increasing its testing capabilities as more test kits were expected to arrive. "Somewhere along the line, we can test everybody," he said. Palau has a population of around 18,000.823 The COVID-19 Joint Incident Management Team (IMT), coordinated by WHO in the Pacific, and based out of Suva, Fiji. has developed and are implementing a six-month Pacific Action Plan for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Preparedness and Response. The WHO Information Network for Epidemics (EPI-WIN) is targeting tailored information for health care, travel and tourism, business, food and agriculture sectors and is planning to expand audiences over the coming weeks. (https://www.epi-win.com/)
Country-specific planning considerations Health: On-island testing for COVID-19 commenced on 14 April for priority groups. Belau National Hospital (BNH) has reduced non-essential services and clinics and is prepared for critically ill suspected cases. For ventilators, BNH has 26 total capacity – including 18 adult vents (1 in use), 1 portable, 2 pediatric, and 5 in calibration, as of 3 JUN. From 14 APR to 3 JUN, 664 COVID-19 tests were conducted, all negative.824 As of 21 MAY, COVID-19 testing at BNH is offered regardless of a patient’s insurance coverage or ability to pay.825 Dengue fever cases fell below outbreak threshold the week of 9 APR 2020, ending a 15-month outbreak that saw 828 cases reported from December 2018 to March 2020 in Palau.826 Hospitals: Health services are available at the Belau National Hospital, four community centers also known as super dispensaries, and four additional satellite dispensaries. Belau National Hospital is the country’s main health facility. The 80-bed hospital has been upgrading its facilities to mitigate vulnerability to disasters. The four community health centers (CHCs) – Northern CHC in Ngarchelong, Eastern CHC in Melekeok, Western CHC in Ngaremlengui, and Southern CHC in Peleliu – are overseen by the Division of Primary and Preventive Health Services. As of 2013 Palau was served by 26 physicians, and as of 2010 there were 120 nurses and midwives USAID/OFDA and FEMA: USAID/OFDA lead USG agency with funding from FEMA. In August 2019, USAID announced it would increase staff in Palau. DOD: Andersen AFB's 554th RED HORSE and 36th Civil Engineer Squadron Airmen deployed to Palau earlier this year to repair infrastructure and introduce plumbing so residents can have access to fresh water. In addition, medical Airmen from around the Pacific theater deployed to improve the overall health of the Palauans. Security: No reports of security incidents or unrest at this time. Return to TOC
821 https://www.facebook.com/PalauPresident 822 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/415672/who-s-exclusion-of-taiwan-endangers-covid-19-fight-palau 823 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/415672/who-s-exclusion-of-taiwan-endangers-covid-19-fight-palau 824 http://www.palauhealth.org/2019nCoV_SitRep/MOH-COVID-19%20Daily%20Update.pdf 825 http://www.palauhealth.org/2019nCoV/MOH%20PR%20for%20COVID-19.pdf 826 http://www.palauhealth.org/dengueFiles/MOH%20PR-Dengue%20Outbreak%20Cease-04092020.pdf
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PAPUA NEW GUINEA Return to TOC
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Cyclone season runs The State of Emergency – which Flight & border restrictions: Papua New Guinea November to April, began 23 MAR and was due to https://pg.usembassy.gov/covid- COVID-19 Total Case Trend though a tropical have ended 2 JUN – has been 19-information/
20 cyclone could form extended by two weeks.827 PNG COVID-19 site: 18 at any time. https://covid19.info.gov.pg/ On 22 MAY, Air Niugini resumed 16 Flight restrictions domestic flights to Buka, but COVID-19 Multi-Sector 14 and curfew in travelers must get clearance and Response Plan, 21 MAY: 828 12 effect. quarantine 14 days on arrival. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefw
10 Quarantine site: Inbound international flights eb.int/files/resources/200521%20 DMT%20COVID-19%20HRP.pdf 8 Bomana restricted 21 MAR. 6 Immigration Centre Quarantine site: Outbound international flights being vetted as https://postcourier.com.pg/boma 4 only conducted by Air Niugini to main quarantine na-detention-centre-mooted-for- 2 Brisbane, Cairns, and Singapore, quarantine-site/ facility. 0 as of 26 MAR. General Safety & General Safety & Security: Nightly curfew in capital lifted as https://www.gov.uk/foreign- Security: of 4 MAY.829 travel-advice/papua-new- Serious crime is guinea/safety-and-security 0 Deaths – 8* confirmed cases as of 5 JUN usually high in the Land border closed to West Port Moresby Papua, Indonesia. Domestic Hotline *No new confirmed cases since 22 APR (capital), Lae, and 1 800 200 https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html Mt. Hagen. Walking Visits of cruise ships and yachts https://www.facebook.com/PNGN after dark is carrying more than 15 passengers DOH/ are banned. particularly COVID-19 Cases Database dangerous in urban The Autonomous Region of https://github.com/CSSEGISandDa centers. Bougainville declared its own ta/COVID-19 state of emergency to 15 June.830
Disaster Risk: The INFORM (Index for Risk Management) ranking for Papua New Guinea (PNG) is 26 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk). Disaster risk in the last three years has been stable.831 The INFORM global risk index annually measures the risk of disasters and humanitarian crises for 191 countries. PNG is highly exposed to earthquake and tsunami hazards, and also significantly exposed to flood hazards.832 INFORM also has a new COVID Risk Index, which identifies “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID- 19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Papua New Guinea is assessed as being in the High COVID risk class, based on a COVID risk of 5.7 on a scale of 1-10, where a higher number indicates higher risk. 833 In South Bougainville’s Bana area, more than 300 families need food aid after flooding, per a 1 MAY report. Extensive flooding two weeks prior took out the community’s gardens.834
827 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/418165/png-extends-state-of-emergency-for-two-weeks 828 https://covid19.info.gov.pg/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Air-Niugini-resumes-flight-to-Buka.jpg 829 https://www.msn.com/en-xl/australasia/top-stories/curfew-lifted-in-png-capital/ar-BB13yXHD 830 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/200521%20DMT%20COVID-19%20HRP.pdf 831 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 832 https://www.unocha.org/asia-and-pacific-roap/papua-new-guinea 833 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/inform-covid-analysis-v01 834 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/415609/hundreds-need-aid-after-floods-in-south-bougainville
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Papua New Guinea COVID-19 Forecast Historical Events: Major events: Feb. 2018: M7.5 earthquake 6 PNG NEW CASE struck the Highlands affecting over 544,000 people.835
5 2017: Violence and political unrest since the 2017 elections.836 4 Nov. 2016: Landslide in the 3 southern highlands leaves at least 40 dead.837
2 Nov. 2000: M8.0 earthquake in New Ireland region; 2 killed.838 1 July 1998: M7.0 earthquake and tsunami leaves at least 0 1,600 dead on the Aitape coast.839 -1 Recent events: Feb 2020 – Present: Flooding -2 and landslides across PNG. March 2020, Dec. 2018: -3 Manam volcano eruptions. The volcano has been active -4 off and on over the past 15 years.840841
2018: Polio outbreak.842
4/2/2020 4/6/2020 5/4/2020 5/8/2020 6/1/2020 6/5/2020 6/9/2020 7/3/2020 7/7/2020 3/21/2020 3/25/2020 3/29/2020 4/10/2020 New4/14/2020 Cases4/18/2020 4/22/2020 4/26/2020 4/30/2020 5/12/2020 5/16/2020 5/20/2020 5/24/2020 5/28/2020 Forecast6/13/2020 6/17/2020 6/21/2020 6/25/2020 6/29/2020 7/11/2020 January 2018: Kadovar volcano eruption.843 Lower Forecast Range Upper Forecast Range INDOPACOM Response: N/A
National organization response Papua New Guinea's parliament has voted to extend for two weeks the country's State of Emergency, which began on 23 MAR and was due to expire 2 JUN.844 Emergency Controller David Manning on 2 JUN revoked the previously-issued emergency orders and issued 13 new ones, following the National Parliament’s 80-2 decision to extend the State of Emergency. The 13 new emergency orders are: No.1 - Revocation of all previous orders; No.2 - Business & Social Final; No.3 - International & Domestic Travel; o.4 - Provincial Coordination; No.5 - Continuance of public utility services; No.6 - Impounding of Aircraft, Vehicle & Vessels; No.7 - Seizure of certain
835 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=Hcbz81c1u-4%3d&portalid=0 836 https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/papua-new-guinea 837 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=Hcbz81c1u-4%3d&portalid=0 838 https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000a3qq/impact 839 https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/day-papua-new-guinea-tsunami-1998 840 https://reliefweb.int/report/papua-new-guinea/papua-new-guinea-manam-volcano-eruption-dg-echo-media-echo-daily-flash-27 841 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=Hcbz81c1u-4%3d&portalid=0 842 https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/papua-new-guinea-poliovirus-outbreak 843 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=Hcbz81c1u-4%3d&portalid=0 844 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/418165/png-extends-state-of-emergency-for-two-weeks
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goods; No.8 - Price Regulations; No.9 - Burial of persons; No.10 - Customs Duties; No.11 - COVID-19 Testing; No.12 - COVID-19 Surveillance & testing; No.13 - Deferral of Goroka By-election.845 The National Disaster Centre (NDC) is the lead agency for disaster risk management in Papua New Guinea (PNG).846 Each level of Government is responsible for developing and maintaining a disaster risk management plan, appropriate to their hazard profile and resource capacity. Disaster Management Committees are structured at the national, provincial, district and local levels.847 The NDC Director and the UN Resident Coordinator co-head the PNG Disaster Management Team, which published a revised COVID-19 Multi-Sector Response Plan on 21 MAY, available at: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/200521%20DMT%20COVID-19%20HRP.pdf The Communications Plan for COVID-19, released 29 April, is available at: https://covid19.info.gov.pg/files/May%202020/01052020/PNG%20COVID- 19%20Communications%20Plan%20(NDOH%20ver04)%202020-04-24.pdf Country DM information can be found in CFE-DM’s Papua New Guinea Disaster Management Reference Handbook: https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is working with the local authorities and Papua New Guinea Red Cross Society in the Highlands and Bougainville by providing personal protective equipment, handwashing stations, and hygiene and awareness material to health facilities to build capacity.848 The UN Country Team in Papua New Guinea has been supporting national efforts to prepare and respond to COVID-19 through technical and capacity building and delivering essential health supplies. With lead UN coordination by the UN Resident Coordinator (RC), UN agencies, funds and programs supporting the PNG government include the FAO, IOM, OHCHR, UN Women, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNDSS, UNICEF, UNFPA, UNOPS, UN Volunteers, WFP, and WHO.849
Country-specific planning considerations 85% of PNG’s estimated 8.5 million people live in rural communities that are hard to reach.850 In Western province, a fall armyworm invasion threatens food crops and is projected to spread across the Southern Region. The Highlands provinces have an African Swine Fever outbreak that has killed hundreds of pigs, threatening widespread socio-economic impacts and increased clan violence in the fragile region.851
Displaced Populations: About 60,000 people in Gulf province have been displaced by floods due to heavy seasonal rains, with many in informal encampments along the main road connecting Gulf and Central provinces. The governor estimates another 25,000 people in highland areas of the province may also be displaced by landslide.852 Rain, landslides and flooding have caused the deaths of at least 20 people.853 Inter-province migration is driven by employment opportunities and displacement due to civil unrest and disasters.854
Quarantine Centers: Work is underway at Mount Hagen Hospital to set up a triage and 12-bed isolation ward, as of 23 APR. The detention facilities of Port Moresby, Highlands and Bougainville are highly vulnerable when it
845 Accessed 3 JUN 2020. https://www.facebook.com/Covid-19-National-Operations-Centre-106570254319336/ 846 https://pngndc.gov.pg/ 847 https://pngndc.gov.pg/?page_id=100 CFE-DM. https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks 848 https://reliefweb.int/report/papua-new-guinea/covid-19-icrc-enhances-support-hospitals-and-detention-facilities-papua-new 849 https://papuanewguinea.un.org/en/40513-un-assistance-covid-19-preparedness-and-response-papua-new-guinea 850 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/200521%20DMT%20COVID-19%20HRP.pdf 851 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/200521%20DMT%20COVID-19%20HRP.pdf 852 https://reliefweb.int/report/papua-new-guinea/papua-new-guinea-floods-dg-echo-pmt-echo-daily-flash-14-april-2020 853 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/200521%20DMT%20COVID-19%20HRP.pdf 854 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/200521%20DMT%20COVID-19%20HRP.pdf
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comes to any outbreak.855 In Port Moresby, the Rita Flynn Netball Complex was declared a quarantine center, among other PNG Sport Foundation-run facilities. Bomana Immigration Centre has been inspected with the intent to be used as the main isolation and quarantine facility for the government’s COVID-19 operations. Police Minister Kramer announced on 25 March that World Health Organization (WHO) and PNG government officials visited the Australian-funded detention center, which was initially planned to hold refugees transferred from Manus Processing Centre, to vet the suitability of using the facility for quarantine. The government will decide pending WHO’s recommendation, but Police Minister Kramer stated, “This is a ready-to-go facility.”856
Health: Although PNG has only reported eight confirmed cases of COVID-19, testing has been limited. Samples are sent daily to Brisbane, Australia for testing, due to low test kit stocks in PNG.857The Governor for East Sepik, Allan Bird, cautioned that PNG health authorities may be under-estimating how many people had been infected by COVID-19. He said that doctors who conducted coronavirus anti-body testing in his province in four locations reported that 50 people tested positive out of 1,153 samples, per 3 JUN reporting.858 Populations more vulnerable to a COVID-19 outbreak include the elderly, children, and people with chronic illnesses, particularly HIV and tuberculosis (TB). There are about 50,000 people living with HIV/AIDS in PNG, of which only some 25,000 regularly take medication. There are about 37,000 people living with TB. PNG has high burdens of TB, multidrug-resistant TB and TB/HIV coinfection, raising this population’s risk.859 Papua New Guinea has a weak health system, with 0.5 doctors and 5.3 nurses per 10,000 people, and is facing an aging health work force. Only 45% of people have access to improved drinking water source, and 29% of people have access to improved sanitation facilities.860 There are 500 doctors and around 5,000 hospital beds in the country. Remotely located health facilities have greater resource challenges. The Prime Minister warned, "If we are not aggressive to stop the virus from spreading through stopping people moving around, then our hospitals and health systems don't have the capacity to deal with the outbreak."861
Security: A state of emergency was declared effective 24 March 2020, following the first confirmed case in the country.862 The government of PNG has issued a national "emergency order", enacting a nightly curfew between the hours of 8:00pm and 6:00am except for emergencies, and prohibiting most gatherings.863 Amid the liquor ban instituted as part of COVID-19 emergency regulations, Police Senior Inspector Tovere was killed 10 May when responding to reports of illegal alcohol sales and assaulted by off-duty PNG Defence Force personnel when intervening between them and a beer shop owner. This raised tensions between PNG police and military, and brings increased pressure on Police Commissioner David Manning, who was also under scrutiny for his role managing the COVID-19 crisis as State of Emergency Controller.864 Following the fatal attack, Manning stated that security in the capital was under control.865 On 13 May, the UN Deputy Secretary-General Amina Mohammed briefed the Peacebuilding Commission on the Joint Mission to Papua New Guinea. She emphasized the COVID-19 pandemic increases risks to peace and sustainable development in PNG. She underscored the critical role women’s groups played in resolving conflict in Bougainville and other parts of PNG, while also noting PNG still experiences among the highest levels of violence against women and girls.866 Return to TOC
855 https://reliefweb.int/report/papua-new-guinea/covid-19-icrc-enhances-support-hospitals-and-detention-facilities-papua-new 856 https://postcourier.com.pg/bomana-detention-centre-mooted-for-quarantine-site/ 857 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-17/papua-new-guinea-coronavirus-centre-lockdown-confirmed-covid-19/12156768 858 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/418165/png-extends-state-of-emergency-for-two-weeks 859 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/200521%20DMT%20COVID-19%20HRP.pdf 860 https://reliefweb.int/report/papua-new-guinea/covid-19-multi-sector-response-plan-papua-new-guinea-disaster-management 861 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-17/papua-new-guinea-coronavirus-centre-lockdown-confirmed-covid-19/12156768 862 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/23/papua-new-guinea-declares-state-of-emergency-after-first-coronavirus-case 863 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-17/papua-new-guinea-coronavirus-centre-lockdown-confirmed-covid-19/12156768 864 https://www.abc.net.au/radio-australia/programs/pacificbeat/png-manning-pressure/12237268 865 https://www.msn.com/en-xl/australasia/top-stories/security-in-png-capital-under-control-after-attack/ar-BB13SXqx 866 https://reliefweb.int/report/papua-new-guinea/women-play-key-role-crafting-peaceful-sustainable-future-papua-new-guinea
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PHILIPPINES Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Considerations Measures/Access Resources
TC Vongfong struck Quarantine measures eased 1 Daily SITREPS - Philippines COVID-19 Total Case Trend Eastern Samar 14 JUN nationwide.869 http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/ May.867 22,000 President Duterte say schools to OCHA COVID-19 3W Typhoon season is JUN stay closed until there is a COVID- https://data.humdata.org/d 870 21,000 1 – NOV 30. 19 vaccine. ataset/philippines-covid-19- response-who-does-what- At least 42 As of 1 May, Internal movement 20,000 where organizations (UN, restrictions were partially lifted in 19,000 NGOs) supporting the provinces of Sarangani and PHL – Evacuation Centers 18,000 COVID-19 response South Cotabato, with partial https://dromic.dswd.gov.ph efforts. transportation allowed, but city /evacuation-centers/ 17,000 and provincial borders remain More than 200K IDPs Dashboard Philippines closed.871 16,000 in Mindanao, from https://www.dashboardphil conflict and Davao airport only accepting ippines.com/ 15,000 earthquake humanitarian and essential PHL DoH COVID-19 Tracker goods. ASEAN AHA Centre https://www.doh.gov.ph/co maintains relief supply Coast Guard and Navy activated vid19tracker depot at Camp to patrol Manila Bay during COVID-19 Response Plan 987 Deaths – 20,626 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN Aguinaldo quarantine https://reliefweb.int/report https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html Manila’s Int’l airport Police providing escorts for /philippines/philippines- resumed flights on 11 health workers following attacks. covid-19-response-plan-03- May operating with a april-2020 Ongoing Public Health Emergency cap on passenger of International Concern (PHEIC) COVID-19 Cases Database arrivals and flying on a Polio outbreak in Philippines – https://github.com/CSSEGIS truncated schedule.868 total cases remain at 17. No new andData/COVID-19 cases since February 2020.872
SPECIAL SECTION – Tropical Cyclone (TC) Vongfong (Ambo) Typhoon Vongfong made landfall on 14 May in Eastern Samar province with sustained winds of up to 150km per hour and crossing Northern Samar, Masbate, Quezon province and central Luzon before it weakened due to land interaction. 181,100 people were pre-emptively evacuated and have been returned home. It destroyed 3,000 homes, damaged 16,900 and partially damaged 13,900 homes and caused US$30.8 million in damage to agriculture. 382,700 people were affected and 23 health facilities were damaged. The typhoon did not cross through Government designated coronavirus hotspots and continued efforts were made to maintain minimum health standards in evacuation centers.
867 http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/ 868 https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/341506/philippines-modified-enhanced-community-quarantine-to-be-imposed-in-high-risk-areas-from-may-16-update-19 869 https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/06/02/2018065/palace-warns-ecq-may-be-reimposed-if 870 https://www.newsweek.com/philippines-president-says-no-school-until-theres-coronavirus-vaccine-if-no-one-graduates-then-1506620 871 https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1101594 872 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/PolioSitRep20_final_May6.pdf
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Philippines COVID-19 Forecast Historical Events: 1,200 Major events: Nov 2013: Typhoon Haiyan left 6,000 dead, 14 million affected. 1,000 Recent events: Jan 2020: eruption of Taal Volcano affected 501,908 people.873 800 Dec 2019: Typhoon Phanfone left 57 people dead. 600 PACOM Response: 400 June 1991: Mount Pinatubo Eruption February 2006: Leyte Landslide 200 June 2008: Typhoon Fengshen September 2009: Tropical Storm Ketsana 0 October 2010: Typhoon Megi December 2012: Typhoon Bopha 3/7/2020 4/4/2020 4/8/2020 5/2/2020 5/6/2020 6/3/2020 6/7/2020 7/1/2020 7/5/2020 7/9/2020 3/11/2020 3/15/2020 3/19/2020 3/23/2020 3/27/2020 3/31/2020 4/12/2020 4/16/2020 4/20/2020 4/24/2020 4/28/2020 5/10/2020 5/14/2020 5/18/2020 5/22/2020 5/26/2020 5/30/2020 6/11/2020 6/15/2020 6/19/2020 6/23/2020 6/27/2020 7/13/2020 7/17/2020 7/21/2020 7/25/2020 7/29/2020 November 2013: New Cases Forecast Lower Forecast Range Typhoon Haiyan Upper Forecast Range Epi Curve December 2014: Typhoon Hagupit874
Disaster Risk: Overall INFORM model risk ranking is 29 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) for natural disasters. INFORM has a new COVID Risk Index, which assesses “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” The Philippines is assessed in the Medium COVID risk class, based on a COVID risk of 4.7 on a scale of 1-10, where 10 indicates highest risk. 875 The U.S. government is providing US$5.9 million to support the Philippines’ fight against COVID-19 bringing total amount of U.S. aid to US$15.2 million to promote effective crisis management and implement response plans in the hardest hit areas of the country. Funds will support emergency supplies, strengthen capacities and support local business recovery and food supply.876
National organization response: Lockdown measures eased nationwide on 1 JUN. Metro Manila, with a population of over 12 million, shifted from modified enhanced community quarantine (MECQ) to the more lenient general community quarantine (GCQ). Central Luzon and Calabarzon regions, Baguio City, the provinces of Pangasinan and Albay in Luzon, Central Visayas region and Iloilo City in the Visayas, and Zamboanga and Davao cities in Mindanao have also been downgraded to GCQ, while the rest of the country is now under the most lenient modified general
873 https://www.adrc.asia/view_disaster_en.php?NationCode=608&Lang=en&Key=2368 874 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=twwMY081NH8%3d&portalid=0 875 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/inform-covid-analysis-v01 876 https://ph.usembassy.gov/us-provides-php298-million-in-new-covid-19-assistance-to-the-philippines/
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community quarantine (MGCQ). 877 High risk metro areas such as Manila, Cebu City, and Laguna province had been placed under a modified enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) from 16 -31 MAY.878 The lifting of lockdown comes as COVID-19 cases increase, with national researchers warning against easing measures. 879 The Philippines saw the highest single-day increase with 1,046 new cases on 29 MAY,880 almost double the 2nd highest daily increase of 539 cases on 28 MAY.881 On 25 MAY, President Duterte said he will not allow students to return to school until there is a vaccine for COVID-19, adding, “If no one graduates, then so be it.” On 26 MAY, Health Secretary Francisco Duque III contradicted this, saying the scheduled resumption of classes on 24 AUG 2020 would be “safe” as long as minimum health standards are observed.882 Schools shut in March, though the school year usually runs June to April for 25 million elementary and secondary students.883 Rising COVID-19 cases led the WHO to urge people to stay home. WHO Western Pacific technical officer Dr. Takeshi Nishijima said, “As we are seeing, the number of newly-reported cases in the Philippines is not rapidly decreasing even after the strict implementation of community quarantine.” He urged people to stay home, observe physical distancing, and do regular proper hand washing.884 The Philippines has a testing capacity of 7,000 a day and the government aims to test 30,000 a day by the end of May.885 The Cotabato Regional Medical Centre (CRMC) was accredited for COVID-19 testing using GeneXpert technology. There are 31 laboratories using PCR and 7 using GeneXpert for testing in the country.886 IOM earlier reported a shortage in the availability of quarantine facilities for returning Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW). WHO reports 26,700 OFW have returned to the Philippines, with at least 45,000 more expected.887 As of 4 May, a total of 394,128 family food packs are stockpiled in the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) warehouses nationwide. Clusters locally activated for response to COVID-19 include Health, Law and Order, Food and Non-food items, Governance, and Management of the Dead.888 According to the WHO, 64.5% of cases are reported from the NCR, followed by Central Visayas (14.1%), Calabarzon (10.7%), and Central Luzon (3.5%).889 Who reports all health facilities are regularly reporting to DOH’s DataCollectApp which is showing less than 35% occupancy rate of ward beds, ICU beds and isolation beds for COVID-19 patients.890 An Inter-Agency Task Force has been established with support from Regional Task Forces. DOH, with the University of the Philippines College of Nursing and WHO developed an online course on contact tracing for local government units (LGUs). The online course can be found here: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScu2ujX7uLIrLl_T3EjfkxQW0LQjzjmaxb2OuWeMEUiNNL0SQ/viewform891 The U.S. donated a ton of medical supplies to help Zamboanga fight COVID-19, handing over through the DoD 110 boxes of supplies intended for medical facilities on 22 MAY. This brings U.S. COVID-19 assistance to the Philippines to more than P780 million (nearly US$15.5 million)892
877 https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/06/02/2018065/palace-warns-ecq-may-be-reimposed-if 878 https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/341506/philippines-modified-enhanced-community-quarantine-to-be-imposed-in-high-risk-areas-from-may-16-update-19 879 https://www.interaksyon.com/politics-issues/2020/05/29/169565/a-look-at-the-recommendations-the-national-govt-dismissed-in-its-decision-to-lift-mecq-in-metro-manila/ 880 Accessed 29 MAY 2020. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html 881 https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/blob/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_confirmed_global.csv 882 https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1281004/duque-contradicts-duterte-says-resumption-of-classes-in-august-is-safe 883 https://www.newsweek.com/philippines-president-says-no-school-until-theres-coronavirus-vaccine-if-no-one-graduates-then-1506620 884 https://philnews.ph/2020/05/27/world-health-organization-warning-philippines-coronavirus/ 885 http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-05/11/c_139047840.htm 886 https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-situation-report-34-22-may-2020 887 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WHO%20PHL%20SitRep%2034_COVID-19_22May2020.pdf 888http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4036/sitrep_no35_re_national_task_force_for_coronavirus_disease_2019_issued_5_may_2020_12NN.pdf 889 https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-situation-report-34-22-may-2020 890 https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-situation-report-34-22-may-2020 891 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WHO%20PHL%20SitRep%2034_COVID-19_22May2020.pdf 892 https://www.philstar.com/nation/2020/05/23/2016053/us-government-donates-medical-supplies-help-zamboanga-fight-covid-19
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The China-backed Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), said on 29 May it approved a $750 million loan to the Philippines to help the country cope with the coronavirus pandemic.893 Information on disaster management in the Philippines can be found in CFE-DM’s Philippines DM Reference Handbook: https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=TAbF2w1Kghw%3d&portalid=0
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) There are at least 42 organizations supporting COVID-19 response efforts; however, many of these activities are limited to community engagement activities. There are only a handful of organizations that appear to have significant operations related to COVID-19. These include NGOs such as Action Against Hunger, World Vision, OXFAM, and International Medical Corps (IMC). UNICEF is one of the few UN agencies with robust COVID-19 operations. Several other organizations are performing other more traditional humanitarian operations but are limited operationally due to travel restrictions and other government-implemented measures (curfews, etc). The Philippines National Red Cross Society is an exception and have been highly active performing COVID-19 operations. Across all countries in Asia, Red Cross/Red Crescent national societies have been among the most active aid organizations in response to the COVID-19 crisis. If a large-scale natural disaster would occur, international organizations would be handicapped in their ability to send additional supplies and personnel to the Philippines unless travel and other quarantine restrictions are relaxed. Same would be true for ASEAN’s AHA Centre (Jakarta), though there are many AHA- trained Emergency Response Assessment Team (ERAT) members that live in the Philippines. UNICEF reached an estimated 2.8 million young people in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) with sermons on COVID19, written by Regional Darul Iftah with UNICEF support. Muslim religious leaders in Mindanao are using radio and small group Friday prayers to disseminate key messages on COVID-19, UNICEF reports.894 UNICEF has so far trained 3,433 health and community workers with its online trainings.895 Samaritan’s Purse is providing risk communication services on COVID-19. The group also donated 1,300 sets of PPE to Manila City.896 The USAID-funded Medicines, Technologies and Pharmaceutical Services (MTaPS) program trained 5424 hospitals workers on IPC, 1730 on health care waste management, and 283 on supply chain management.897
Country-specific planning considerations
Displaced Populations: Since the COVID-19 outbreak, 26,300 individuals (5,300 families) have been displaced across Mindanao due to intercommunal fighting.898 These displacements and tensions are potentially straining the country’s capacity to manage the coronavirus outbreak. There is still a significant number of displaced people (more than 200,000) in the Mindanao region affected by conflict since 2017, as well as a recent earthquake. Many of these IDPs are living with host communities/relatives, but nearly 30,000 are living in evacuation centers. Humanitarian organizations have limited access to this area.
Evacuation Centers: Philippines has a pre-determined list of evacuation centers in case of internal displacement during disasters. This list is managed by the Department of Social Welfare and Development, but at the field level they are managed by local government units. (https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1097774)
893 https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/05/29/world/asia/28reuters-health-coronavirus-aiib-philippines.html 894 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WHO%20PHL%20SitRep%2034_COVID-19_22May2020.pdf 895 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WHO%20PHL%20SitRep%2034_COVID-19_22May2020.pdf 896 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WHO%20PHL%20SitRep%2034_COVID-19_22May2020.pdf 897 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WHO%20PHL%20SitRep%2034_COVID-19_22May2020.pdf 898 https://www.globalprotectioncluster.org/2020/04/29/covid-19-protection-risks-responses-situation-report-no-4-as-of-29-april-2020/
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Quarantine: 3,125 quarantine control points are operated by the Philippines National Police; 2,605 operated by Joint Task Force Shield; 126 at airports; and 362 at seaports, as of 4 May 2020.899 The city of Pampanga will use five public schools as temporary patient care centers for confirmed/suspected coronavirus cases.900 ICRC and BJMP opened a COVID-19 isolation center in the Quezon Province District Jail with a capacity of 80 beds, as a preventative measure for a possible outbreak in detention facilities in Region IVA.901 Samaritan’s Purse also constructed one 16-bed emergency quarantine facility in Caloocan City, two 22-bed facilities at Tondo National High School in Manila City, and one 12-bed facility with Triage Center in Novaliches in Quezon City.902
Health: 1,224 Hospitals / 2,587 rural health centers / 64% of hospitals are Level 1 with average capacity of 41 beds / 10% are Level 3 medical centers with average capacity of 318 beds. There are 23 licensed RT-PCR laboratories in country for COVID-19 testing as of 5 May.903Over 5,200 hospital workers and community health workers have been trained online in Infection Prevention and Control (IPC). The Department of Health warns against stigmatizing healthcare workers.904 Movement restrictions to contain COVID-19 are inadvertently interrupting polio and measles vaccinations, tuberculosis treatment, and health and nutrition services for children.905 According to WHO, there has been an average decrease of 40% in routine immunization coverage across all diseases, comparing the number of children vaccinated in March 2019 with March 2020. Active and passive case finding for tuberculosis in community health facilities have also reduced significantly.906
Security: Philippine Supreme Court announced an order releasing approximately 10,000 inmates from country’s 7 national prisons and 900 local jails to contain spread of virus in crowded penal system which is reportedly at over 450% over occupancy. Approximately 330 inmates have tested positive for COVID-19.907 The Communist Party of the Philippines ordered its armed wing, the New People’s Army, to observe a ceasefire aimed at “fighting the COVID-19 pandemic”. Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte also declared his own unilateral ceasefire.908 On 30 APR, the ceasefire expired with the Community Party saying it would resume “an offensive posture.”909 Additionally, the Philippines has one of the highest incidences of poverty in ASEAN and social distancing and teleworking are luxuries for a small elite and middle class leaving many struggling in poverty in overcrowded areas, lost daily income and erratic delivery of government assistance. President Duterte threatened to shoot demonstrators demanding food on 1 APR.910
USG: The U.S. Government has spent approximately US$15.5 million in aid to the Philippines to combat the coronavirus pandemic. On 20 May, U.S. military working in collaboration with the Philippine Coast Guard, army, marines, and air force delivered approximately US$203,000 of medical supplies and PPE to frontlines for COVID- 19 across the country.911 Return to TOC
899http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4036/sitrep_no35_re_national_task_force_for_coronavirus_disease_2019_issued_5_may_2020_12NN.pdf 900 https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1102076 901 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WHO%20PHL%20SitRep%2034_COVID-19_22May2020.pdf 902 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WHO%20PHL%20SitRep%2034_COVID-19_22May2020.pdf 903 https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/beat-covid-19-today-philippines-situationer-issue-9-06-may-2020 904 https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-situation-report-27-4-may-2020 905 https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2020/05/07/coronavirus-humanitarian-aid- response?utm_source=The+New+Humanitarian&utm_campaign=4014b09a5b- EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_05_7_2020_DAILY&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d842d98289-4014b09a5b-75574133#philippines 906 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ROAP_Snapshot_200526.pdf 907 https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/05/850513762/as-covid-19-fears-grow-10-000-prisoners-are-freed-from- overcrowded-philippine-ja 908 https://cpp.ph/statement/ceasefire-order-00-00h-of-26-march-2020-to-23-59h-of-15-april-2020/ 909 https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2020/05/07/coronavirus-humanitarian-aid- response?utm_source=The+New+Humanitarian&utm_campaign=4014b09a5b- EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_05_7_2020_DAILY&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d842d98289-4014b09a5b-75574133#philippines 910 https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/opinion/article/3083119/dutertes-shoot-them-all-approach-covid-19-threatens-his-legacy 911 https://www.army-technology.com/news/covid-19-us-ppe-medical-supplies-philippines/
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REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Planning Affected State Measures/Access Information Resources Case Trend Considerations
As of 5 June, RMI Typhoon season runs RMI extended suspension of international Ministry of Health and Human Services: has no confirmed June 1 – Nov. 30 passenger arrivals until 5 June.912 Facebook (posts COVID SitReps): COVID-19 cases. https://www.facebook.com/rmimoh/ All domestic passenger air travel between USG with USAID/OFDA Email: [email protected] as lead likely to be a Kwajalein and Majuro is suspended on WHO Marshall Islands: primary responder international airlines. Air travel between Kwajalein and Majuro is only permitted on Air https://www.who.int/marshallislands
913 Marshall Island Red Marshall Islands. WHO Western Pacific COVID-19 page Cross likely to be a https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergen lead agency in All cruise ships and yachts are suspended cies/covid-19 response until further notice; fishing vessels that have COVID-19 Dashboard for the Western Pacific transited through or departed COVID-19 Region Ongoing dengue infected countries are suspended from entering ports. All passengers arriving and https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/wprocovi outbreak, AmeriCares residents departing RMI must show proof of d19/ https://coronavirus.jh and Team Rubicon 914 u.edu/map.html assisting. measles vaccination. COVID-19 Cases Database https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19
Disaster Risk: Overall INFORM model risk ranking for the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is 60 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk). A 3-yr trend indicates stable overall risk. INFORM also has a new COVID Risk Index, which identifies “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” The Republic of the Marshall Islands is assessed as being in the High COVID risk class, based on a COVID risk of 5.4 on a scale of 1-10, where 10 indicates highest risk. 915
Typhoon season runs June 1 – Nov. 30.
National organization response The National Disaster Committee (NDC) is the lead national disaster management organization. The National Disaster Response Plan (2016) defines the measures to be taken at all government levels to ensure that effective disaster preparedness, response, relief and recovery are carried out. Ongoing dengue (serotype-3) outbreak in RMI, which began in May 2019 in Ebeye. As of 6 May, there have been 3,368 dengue-like cases of which 1,562 were laboratory confirmed. Two deaths were reported since June 2019. The MOH is monitoring the situation through active surveillance.916
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The World Bank provided a US$2.5 million COVID-19 Emergency Response Project Grant to prevent and respond to the threat posed by COVID-19 and strengthen national systems for public health preparedness.917
912 https://mh.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 913 https://mh.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 914 https://mh.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 915 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/inform-covid-analysis-v01 916 https://reliefweb.int/report/marshall-islands/pacific-syndromic-surveillance-system-weekly-bulletin-syst-me-de-5 917 https://reliefweb.int/report/marshall-islands/marshall-islands-covid-19-emergency-response-project
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To assist with the Dengue outbreak, an AmeriCares medical team of one doctor and several nurses arrived to work at Majuro hospital in February. Earlier, a Team Rubicon group arrived in November to assist at the hospital. Taiwan and other donors have been assisting by providing medical supplies to help resupply the hospital. According to Radio New Zealand, an influenza outbreak had hit in November and December, further burdening the health system.918919 Pacific Humanitarian Team will lead any regional response. RMI is working with the World Health Organization on guidance and support for COVID-19 response. Marshall Islands Red Cross Society likely to play a major role in response.
Country-specific planning considerations Quarantine Centers: RMI government announced on 15 February the construction of a new eight-bed isolation unit.920
Displaced Populations: None
Health: There are two hospitals in RMI, one in Majuro, the capital, and one in Ebeye. RMI has a Ministry of Health and Human Services that runs the health care system. The Deputy Secretary for Health located in Ebeye is the national government representative for health care in Ebeye and is in charge of the Ebeye Hospital. Ventilators: As of 29 April, Majuro has 3 in use. Ebeye has 2 in; received 10 new ventilators but need air compressors – two will be shipped to Ebeye.921
USAID/OFDA and FEMA: Developed an Operational Blueprint to provide a framework for USG disaster response and reconstruction in FSM and RMI, under which USAID maintains FEMA’s previous commitment to supplement host government disaster response efforts in the aftermath of significant disasters. USAID/OFDA collaborates closely with FEMA, as well as with USAID/Philippines and USAID’s Asia Bureau, to provide humanitarian assistance in FSM and RMI. USAID/OFDA assisted with drought (funding) in March 2016. NOAA, the University of Hawaiʻi, and the National Weather Service had been assisting RMI with climate change and health issues.
Security: No reports of security incidents or unrest at this time
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918 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/408749/marshalls-gets-us-medical-team-support-with-dengue-treatment 919 https://reliefweb.int/report/marshall-islands/team-rubicon-launching-mission-assist-republic-marshall-islands-dengue-fever 920 https://mh.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 921 RMI MOHHS SitRep 17. https://www.facebook.com/rmimoh/photos/pb.454228858072832.-2207520000../1554906328005074/?type=3&theater
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SAMOA Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Planning Considerations Affected State Measures/Access Information Resources Trend
As of 5 June, Samoa Recent measles outbreak with Measles State Amended State of Emergency orders were Government of Samoa website: has no confirmed of Emergency ending Dec. 28; Ongoing published 3 JUN. International travel www.samoagovt.ws situation being monitored. remains restricted, with a few exceptions Twitter: @samoagovt COVID-19 cases. including returning residents who must Regional foreign ministers agreed to establish quarantine.925 On 4 MAY, the Samoa Official government website for a “Pacific Humanitarian Pathway on COVID-19 government had extended the State of COVID-19: (PHP-C),” a mechanism for regional Emergency by another 4 weeks. Schools re- http://www.samoagovt.ws/cate 922 926 cooperation for response. opened on 4 MAY. gory/novel-coronavirus-covid- 19/ Interruption of supply chains raise concern for On 15 April, Samoa eased some restrictions the region’s food security. including reopening inter-island travel, Ministry of Health (MOH): public transport, and restaurants927 https://www.health.gov.ws/ Travelers from countries with cases of the coronavirus are required to get medical International travel to/from Samoa by plane Ministry of Health Facebook
clearance within 3 days before traveling to are mostly halted, with some exceptions. On Page: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/ Samoa.923 A 14-day quarantine before visiting 1 May, the government supported the https://www.facebook.com/pub map.html Samoa and an additional 14-day quarantine opening of 1 AirNZ flight from Auckland- lichealthsamoa/?ref=py_c after arriving in Samoa has been added to Apia-Auckland for transport of supplies and amended orders.924 to repatriate New Zealanders that were in Health Emergency Operations Samoa.928 Call Centre: 800-6440
Ship access to port of Apia is limited.929
Disaster risk: Overall INFORM model risk ranking is 124 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk). A 3-yr trend indicates stable risk.930 Additionally, Samoa’s INFORM COVID-19 risk is 3.3/10 (higher number indicates higher risk) and its COVID-19 risk class is “low.”931
National organization response: Amended State of Emergency orders were published 3 JUN. International travel remains restricted, with a few exceptions including returning residents who must quarantine.932 Details of the amended order are at: https://www.samoagovt.ws/2020/06/amended-state-of-emergency-orders-for-coronavirs-covid-19-03rd-june- 2020/ On 4 MAY, the Samoa government had extended the State of Emergency by another 4 weeks. Schools re- opened on 4 MAY.933
922 https://reliefweb.int/report/world/pacific-islands-forum-foreign-ministers-agree-establish-pacific-humanitarian-pathway 923 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/samoa 924 https://www.samoagovt.ws/2020/05/amended-state-of-emergency-orders-for-coronavirus-covid-19-1-may-2020/ 925 https://www.samoagovt.ws/2020/06/amended-state-of-emergency-orders-for-coronavirs-covid-19-03rd-june-2020/ 926 https://www.samoagovt.ws/ 927 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/414255/samoa-eases-some-state-of-emergency-restrictions 928 https://www.samoagovt.ws/ 929 http://www.samoagovt.ws/2020/03/amended-state-of-emergency-orders-for-coronavirus-covid-19-26th-march-2020/ 930 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index 931 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic 932 https://www.samoagovt.ws/2020/06/amended-state-of-emergency-orders-for-coronavirs-covid-19-03rd-june-2020/ 933 https://www.samoagovt.ws/
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The Disaster Management Office – Samoa (DMO), within the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, is the national disaster management organization for Samoa. (Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/DMOSamoa/) According to the DMO, the National Emergency Operations Center (NEOC) has been activated for the Coronavirus response. On 23 April, government teams offloaded supplies from an Air New Zealand cargo plane bringing COVID- 19 preparation and response supplies. Emergency response teams under the NEOC were present which included personnel from the Ministry of Health, Ministry for Customs and Revenue, Airport Authority, Fire and Emergency Services Authority, Ministry of Finance, Audit Office, Quarantine Division and the NEOC Logistics and Public Information Management teams.934 Measles: A recent measles outbreak, attributed to low vaccination rates, started in October of last year. A mass vaccination campaign ensued, and the government officially declared an end to the Measles State of Emergency at the end of December. The outbreak caused a significant impact on the population and strained the public health system. As of Feb. 1, 2020, there were 5,707 total cases and 83 deaths.935 COVID-19: The Health Emergency Operations Committee (HEOC) has shifted focus from measles to COVID-19. The HEOC is a 40-plus member multidisciplinary team chaired by the Ministry of Health (MOH), which has put in place several prevention measures. This includes screening at all ports of entry, tracing movements from affected countries and providing prevention advice.936 Active surveillance for early detection of COVID-19 cases in Samoa is ongoing and the public will be updated regularly.937 New Zealand Defence Force Joint Intelligence Fusion Centre Product on Samoa: https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) World Bank has approved funding of US$3.4 million to further support Samoa’s efforts. The funds are in addition to US$5.1 million approved earlier.938 The ADB has given a $US2.9 million grant.939 The International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved US$22.03 million in emergency financing for Samoa due to the COVID-19 crisis. According to the IMF, the emergency financing was granted since Samoa suffered from a measles outbreak in late 2019 which resulted in a much larger economic contraction than past disasters. The pandemic has exacerbated the economic downturn as Samoa depends heavily on tourism and remittances.940 WHO continues to support Samoa with preparations for COVID-19 (WHO Samoa website: https://www.who.int/samoa/our-work) Through the COVID-19 Pacific Joint Incident Management Team (JIMT), WHO is coordinating with partners to bring together resources and assist readiness.941 The Pacific Community (SPC) and WHO to provide webinar training for health professionals.942 The Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) Pacific Humanitarian Pathway on COVID-19 (PHP-C), is the region’s mechanism between member countries in preparing for and responding to COVID-19.943
934https://twitter.com/samoagovt/status/1253603819918745600?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Eembeddedtimeline%7Ctwterm%5Eprofile%3Asam oagovt%7Ctwcon%5Etimelinechrome&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.samoagovt.ws%2F 935 https://reliefweb.int/report/american-samoa/no-new-confirmed-cases-measles-american-samoa 936 https://reliefweb.int/report/samoa/who-helps-samoa-and-tokelau-prepare-covid-19 937 https://www.health.gov.ws/ 938 https://reliefweb.int/report/samoa/world-bank-provides-additional-34-million-samoa-s-fight-against-covid-19 939 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/414679/adb-boosts-covid-19-response-in-tonga-and-samoa 940 https://reliefweb.int/report/samoa/imf-executive-board-approves-us2203-million-disbursement-samoa-address-covid-19 941 https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/covid-19/pacific 942 https://www.policyforum.net/covid-19-the-pacific-response-15-april/ 943 https://www.un.int/tuvalu/news/pacific-islands-forum-agrees-establish-pacific-humanitarian-pathway-covid-19
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The Samoa Red Cross Society is promoting hygiene and health communication.944 The World Bank Asia-Pacific supported the government with the recent construction of the new “climate-resilient” Mali’oli’o Bridge and access road on Savai'i Island which is described as a vital connection for thousands. Before the completion, the crossing has been described as frequently impassable for up to 12 hours, and after a major weather event or tropical cyclone, has been impassable for days. According to the WB “the new bridge will provide safer and more reliable access, particularly during severe weather events.” The government intends to keep the existing crossing as a back-up.945
Country-specific planning considerations Evacuation Centers: A number of hotels in Apia are being used as quarantine facilities.946 Displaced Populations: No significant displaced populations. Hospitals: There are two major hospitals supported by district hospitals and health centers. Samoa’s national hospital, the Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital, is located at Motootua, in Apia.947 The other major hospital is the Malietoa Tanumafili II Hospital at Tuasivi on Savaii.948 Health: According to the WHO, the dangers of emerging and re-emerging communicable diseases, including dengue, chikungunya, measles and Zika, calls attention to an ongoing vulnerability to outbreaks. Security: Close to 300 people have been arrested and charged in Samoa for breaches of the Emergency Orders which came into effect 21 March. Police Commissioner Fuiavailili Egon Keil has warned there will be more if people don't heed the orders. Most of the arrests have been in Apia.949 Return to TOC
944 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/MDR00005OU2.pdf 945 https://www.facebook.com/worldbankpacific/posts/1586647098168055 946 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/08/coronavirus-in-the-pacific-weekly-briefing 947 http://www.commonwealthhealth.org/pacific/samoa/health_systems_in_samoa/ 948 https://ws.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/local-resources-of-u-s-citizens/doctors/ 949 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/414619/close-to-300-arrested-in-samoa-for-breaking-covid-19-orders
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SINGAPORE Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Considerations Measures/Access Resources
Singapore had seen a On 2 JUN, banks will slowly return Singapore Singapore COVID-19 Total Case Trend dramatic spike in new some employees to work, as part of government COVID- 953 19 website: 40,000 cases primarily among Singapore’s phased reopening. https://www.gov.sg/ar foreign workers in This follows ‘Circuit Breaker’ ticle/covid-19-cases-in- 35,000 954 dormitories. New cases restrictions implemented 7 APR. singapore
30,000 have now decreased to Anyone going outside must wear a an average of 4/day.950 Ministry of Health 25,000 mask, else face a 300SGD (212USD) https://www.moh.gov. Singapore initially closed fine for first offense.955 sg/ 20,000 its borders to short-term Entry restrictions: U.S. Embassy in 15,000 visitors on 23 March.951 Singapore residents and pass- Singapore 10,000 Official postponement of holders will be quarantined or https://sg.usembassy.g ov/ 900 Singaporean asked to self-isolate for 14 days. pilgrims’ plans to travel Singapore closed its borders to COVID-19 Cases to Mecca for Haj; moved short term visitors on 23 March. Database 24 Deaths – 37,183 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN 952 https://github.com/CSS to 2021. EGISandData/COVID-19 https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html
Disaster Risk: The INFORM (Index for Risk Management) ranking for Singapore is 191 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) marking Singapore as the lowest risk of all countries. Disaster risk has remained stable in the last three years. Singapore is an island city-state with extremely low exposure to natural hazards. INFORM also has a new COVID Risk Index, which identifies “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Singapore is assessed as being in the Low COVID risk class, based on a COVID risk of 2.4 on a scale of 1-10, where a higher number indicates higher risk. 956
National organization response On 2 JUN, Singapore continues a slow phased reopening of the economy as banks return some employees to work. Staff on site is limited to 25%, masks and clear plastic shields are to be worn, and permission is needed to meetings with clients.957 While new COVID-19 cases are still increasing by hundreds per day, there are no new cases outside migrant worker dormitories.958 On 1 JUN, the number of new daily cases in the local Singaporean community outside migrant worker dormitories dropped to zero for the first time since a partial lockdown was implemented in early April. But as of 1 JUN, there were 408 new infections among foreign workers in dormitories.959 Singapore is rapidly creating additional housing for about 60,000 migrant workers by
950 https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/1-275-more-cases-discharged-793-new-cases-of-covid-19-infection-confirmed 951 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/singapore-closes-borders-virus-bay-shutdown- 200322061359901.html?utm_source=website&utm_medium=article_page&utm_campaign=read_more_links 952 https://www.muis.gov.sg/Media/Media-Releases/15-May-20-Media-Release-on-Deferment-of-Haj-2020-for-Singaporean-Pilgrims 953 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-01/bankers-in-face-shields-are-part-of-singapore-s-cautious-return 954 https://www.gov.sg/article/how-will-businesses-gradually-resume-activities-after-1-june-2020 955 https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/coronavirus-asia-asean-live-updates-by-country/ 956 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/inform-covid-analysis-v01 957 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-01/bankers-in-face-shields-are-part-of-singapore-s-cautious-return 958 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-01/singapore-virus-infections-outside-of-worker-dorms-drop-to-zero 959 https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/767-more-cases-discharged-408-new-cases-of-covid-19-infection-confirmed
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the end of this year, using temporary modular structures to reduce the density in dormitories which have seen mass outbreaks of the coronavirus infection.960 Despite almost 800 current COVID-19 cases, the vast majority among foreign workers living in dormitories, the government says transmission in the local community has dropped as it commences with a phased reopening of the economy.961 The Inter-agency Task Force has initiated the safe and gradual resumption of business activities and testing and clearing 60,000 migrant workers (20% of all dormitory residents) living in the dormitories. To ensure residents are healthy and prepared to resume work, ‘Safe Living’ protocols will be implemented to keep workplaces ‘COVID-Safe’ and continue to reduce the spread or risk subsequent waves of disease. A ‘Requirements for Safe Management Measures at the workplace’ guideline has been published. Rooms and dorm blocks set aside for recovered workers are being cleaned and prepared and by 18 May they aim to have 5,400 beds available for workers. Entry and exit controls, and intermingling restrictions will be implemented to maintain safety measures for residents.962 The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is the primary authority responsible at the strategic level for disaster management, emergency preparedness and civil defense in Singapore.963 The Ministry of Trade and Industry released Guidelines for gradual resumption of business operations on 6 May: https://www.mti.gov.sg/-/media/MTI/Newsroom/Press-Releases/2020/05/UPDATED-Press-Statement--- Guidelines-for-gradual-resumption-of-business-operations-v2.pdf
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The Singapore Red Cross (SRC) is providing relief domestically in the COVID-19 outbreak, including customized care packages and psychosocial support calls for seniors living alone. On 3 April, SRC announced it would contribute more than S$800,000 (US$560,000) in relief to Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Timor Leste, Vietnam, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Maldives, North Korea and Iran.964 In February, SRC launched a public appeal and donated $2.26 million (US$1.58 million) to China, including medical and protective equipment for Hubei province, where Wuhan is the capital.965 Singapore non-governmental organizations that work with foreign migrants, including Transient Workers Count Too (TWC2) and Humanitarian Organization for Migration Economics (HOME),966 had earlier raised concerns about that population’s vulnerability to COVID-19.967 Singapore is a regular resource contributor to UN agencies, especially UNDP, which established the newest of its six UNDP Global Policy Centres in Singapore as a joint initiative with the government.968
Country-specific planning considerations
Displaced Populations: As of 2016, Singapore had 1,411 stateless persons living there, the majority of whom migrated to Singapore though many were also born in the city-state.969 Although not displaced, foreign migrant workers number almost 1 million people, out of a total population of 5.7 million in Singapore.970 About 95% of Singapore’s new COVID-19 cases are among foreign workers.
960 https://news.yahoo.com/singapore-rushes-build-homes-60-121022332.html 961 https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/1-275-more-cases-discharged-793-new-cases-of-covid-19-infection-confirmed 962 https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/press-releases/2020/0515-safe-working-and-safe-living 963 https://www.adrc.asia/countryreport/SGP/SGPeng98/ ; https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/disaster-mgmt-ref-hdbk-singapore.pdf 964 https://www.redcross.sg/media-centre/press-releases/841-covid-19-singapore-red-cross-rolls-out-more-support-for-communities-in-singapore-and- the-asia-pacific.html 965 https://www.redcross.sg/media-centre/press-releases/832-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-singapore-red-cross-relief-operations-in-china- commences-expected-to-reach-100-000-healthcare-workers-and-residents.html 966 http://twc2.org.sg/ ; https://www.home.org.sg/ ; 967 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/surge-coronavirus-cases-singapore-forces-lockdown-extension-200422060906200.html 968 https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/funding/core-donors/Singapore.html 969 https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/1411-stateless-people-living-singapore-mha?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_03092019_todayonline 970 https://www.singstat.gov.sg/modules/infographics/population
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Health: As of 13 May, the Ministry of Health confirmed an additional 675 cases of COVID-19, of whom 671 were foreign Work Permit holders residing in dormitories, and 4 were among the Singaporean community.971 Singapore announced plans on 12 May to test all 323,000 migrant workers living in dormitories, where the majority of confirmed COVID-19 cases are. Some 32,000 foreign workers in dormitories have been tested, and it will take several weeks to test all.972 The first migrant worker case was recorded in early February.973
Security: Seven Western foreigners who flouted Singapore’s circuit breaker to gather for drinks face US$7,000 fine or jail.974 Return to TOC
971 https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/958-more-cases-discharged-675-new-cases-of-covid-19-infection-confirmed 972 https://news.yahoo.com/singapores-health-ministry-confirms-884-071741067.html 973 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-21/how-singapore-flipped-from-virus-hero-to-cautionary-tale 974 https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/3087230/expats-who-flouted-singapores-circuit-breaker-gather
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SOLOMON ISLANDS Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Considerations Affected State Information Resources Measures/Access
As of 5 June, the Solomon TC Harold made landfall on 4 State of Emergency declared TC Harold SITREP: Islands had no confirmed April causing flooding resulting in on 25 March; extended to July Details of damage affecting Solomon COVID-19 cases. 0 deaths. to prevent disease from Islands: https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/tro reaching the country. Strict flight restrictions banning pical-cyclone-harold-challenges-disaster- entry of any person from Country’s Emergency Powers and-public-health-management
countries with confirmed cases of Act gives authorizes 975 Situation Report – 15 April 2020: coronavirus. Government actions regarding Heavy rain causing flash flooding in COVID-19 but does not Government guidance requiring resulted in evacuation of over 600 people to return to their villages require “total lock down” of students, and causing a landslide 978 highlights necessity of the country. resulting in a village totally buried and 8 confirmed deaths. information sharing and access to Limited health care resources rural/village populations.976 http://www.ndmo.gov.sb/index.php/situ could make a COVID-19 ation-report/278-wx420-situation-report-
outbreak could severely affect 1-bad-weather-2 Cyclone Season runs November the country.979 977 to April. COVID-19 Cases Database https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COV https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html ID-19
SPECIAL SECTION – Tropical Cyclone Harold Despite weather warnings, 27 people seeking refuge from fear of COVID-19 outbreak boarded a ferry to their home villages and were washed overboard and drowned amid rough seas caused by Category 1 Cyclone Harold, on 4 April 2020.980 Impacts to the cyclone included heavy rains, river flooding, coastal flooding and storm surges but no other deaths were caused as a direct result of the cyclone. Humanitarian supplies donated by Australia are being distributed in the Solomon Islands in response to TC Harold and to mitigate against COVID-19 risk, according to the Australian High Commissioner who met with partners on 22 April. The NDMO and Oxfam are distributing 450 kitchen kits – including pots, pans, bowls and cutlery – as part of the TC Harold response to affected communities in western Guadalcanal. The supplies also include 150 hygiene kits – including buckets, water purification tablets, antibacterial soap and detergent – which the NDMO and Live and Learn are distributing in Honiara to boost community preparedness for COVID-19.981
Disaster Risk: Overall INFORM model risk ranking is 49 out of 191 countries. (Lower number indicates higher risk.) Disaster risk in last three years has been stable.982 Additionally, its INFORM COVID-19 risk index is 5.6/10 indicating high risk (10 being highest risk).983
975 http://www.ndmo.gov.sb/index.php/disaster-alerts-warnings/276-solomon-islands-travel-advisory-3-for-coronavirus-2019 976 https://devpolicy.org/covid-19-and-solomon-islands-the-first-casualties-and-possible-ramifications-20200409/ 977 https://www.met.gov.sb/solomon-islands-climate-in-brief 978 https://www.solomontimes.com/news/governor-general-declare-state-of-public-emergency-in-solomon-islands/9655 979 http://www.solomonislandsinfocus.com/the-si-national-health-strategic-plan-2016-20.html 980 https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/hawaii/articles/2020-04-08/27-dead-on-solomon-islands-ferry-did-it-follow-virus-order 981 https://www.solomontimes.com/news/australian-humanitarian-aid-reaches-communities/9762 982 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 983 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic
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National organization response The National Disaster Management Office (NDMO: http://www.ndmo.gov.sb/) handles natural disasters and oversees disaster and climate risk reduction. A Joint Travel Advisory dated 13 March 2020 including the Ministry of Health and Medical Services (MHMS) restricted travel to the country to limit exposure to COVID-19. The MHMS is responsible for providing public, maternal and child health services, family planning, school-based outreach, dental, mental and vaccination and immunization.984 The NDMO has a Disaster Alert portal at (http://www.ndmo.gov.sb/index.php/disaster-operations) which carries news and information including alerts, warnings, Situation Reports, and Hazard Monitors for COVID-19 and other emergency situations. The National Emergency Operations Centers (NEOC) provide coordinated support to the Provincial Disaster Committee (PDC) to access damage assessments in country. The Asian Development Bank provided US$6 million to support COVID-19 response efforts and economic impact.985 China Harbour Engineering (SI) Company donated COVID-19 kits comprised of 10,000 daily protective masks, 100 N95 masks and 500 gloves to the Ministry of Health and Medical Services. Yao Ming, China’s Acting Ambassador to the Solomon Islands, donated the gift on behalf of the company.986
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The WHO in the Western Pacific is based in Manila, with a country office in the Solomon Islands.987 The WHO in the Pacific coordinates the COVID-19 Joint Incident Management Team (IMT), which developed and is implementing a six-month Pacific Action Plan for COVID-19 Preparedness and Response.988 NGOs and faith based organizations provide significant funding and service contributions in Solomon Islands. The Solomon Islands Red Cross Society is located in the capital, Honiara. Information about services is available at: https://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/where-we-work/asia-pacific/solomon-islands-red-cross/ The ICRC donated eleven mobile phones to the Corrections Service of the Solomon Islands (CSSI) for its six facilities and will continue to pay costs of weekly calls between detainees and their loved ones and lawyers, throughout the crisis. The ICRC also donated a tent to the CSSI which is set up at the entrance of Rowe Correctional Institution in Honiara to screen incoming detainees and prison staff for symptoms of COVID-19.989
Country-specific planning considerations Evacuation Centers: None. The Chief of Lilisiana urged authorities on 15 April to build evacuation centers, after a tsunami warning led many in Auki Township to spend the night unsheltered on higher ground.990
Hospitals: 8 out of 9 provinces have access to a public hospital and most have access to a health network including health centers and workers. The National Referral Hospital in the capital, Honiara is the largest with 300-400 beds and specialized departments. Remaining provincial hospitals have between 25 and 150 beds.991
Quarantine Facilities: As of 24 April, the two COVID-19 isolation centers at National Referral Hospital (NRH) are almost fully equipped, with the delivery of medical supplies and equipment worth more than SBD$400,000 (US$47,200) by the WHO with support from the Australian Government. Isolation Facility 1, at the former diabetes clinic, was opened by the Prime Minister on 20 April. The TB Isolation Ward, built by the WHO last year, was repurposed and refurbished by the New Zealand government as the second isolation facility.992 Return to TOC
984 https://apps.searo.who.int/PDS_DOCS/B5322.pdf 985 https://www.adb.org/news/adb-provides-6-million-assistance-solomon-islands-covid-19-response 986 https://www.solomonstarnews.com/index.php/news/national/item/23473-china-harbour-donates-medical-kits 987 https://www.who.int/solomonislands/our-work 988 https://www.who.int/westernpacific/about/how-we-work/pacific-support/news/detail/21-02-2020-pacific-steps-up-preparedness-against-covid-19 989 https://www.icrc.org/en/document/covid-19-detainees-solomon-islands-can-now-call-their-loved-ones 990 http://www.solomonstarnews.com/index.php/news/national/item/12139-call-for-evacuation-centers 991 https://apps.searo.who.int/PDS_DOCS/B5322.pdf 992 https://www.solomontimes.com/news/who-supports-hospital-isolation-centres/9764
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SOUTH KOREA Return to TOC COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Measures/Access Information Resources Considerations Korea Air expects to On 29 MAY, hundreds of schools that Republic of Korea Official resume some flights to reopened two days earlier closed again, website: North America, Europe and 838 schools slated to open 29 MAY http://www.korea.net/ SOUTH KOREA COVID-19 and Asia in June.993 remained physically closed.996 On 27 MAY, Korean government official millions of children had returned to Total Case Trend April 1, the Republic of website on COVID-19: school, as COVID-19 cases are Korea (ROK) 997 http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/en 12,000 increasing. implemented mandatory 11,900 Flattening the Curve on 14-day quarantine on Social distancing rules relaxed on 6 May 11,800 COVID-19 The Korean short term travel at allowing phased re-opening of businesses. 11,700 Experience: government designated New guidance to stay home 3-4 days if 11,600 http://www.korea.net/kore facility at own expense. feeling unwell and remain arm’s length in 11,500 anet/fileDownload?fileUrl=p public spaces.998 11,400 South Korean health dfdata/2020/04/Flattening_ 11,300 authorities require all Smartphone apps flagging infection hot the_curve_on_COVID- 11,200 inbound travelers to spots with text and alerting population to 19.pdf 11,100 download and respond risk and response reduced community U.S. Forces Korea website: 11,000 to daily questions via spread.999 https://www.usfk.mil/ Self-Diagnosis Mobile South Korea’s experience with Middle App for 14 days. The Arirang TV website East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Violators may be subject provides live streaming 2015 guided quick response to COVID-19. to fine, arrest, or twice daily press briefings Tracing, testing and quarantining 273 Deaths – 11,719 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN deportation. 994 re: COVID-19 approximately 17,000 people over the 2 (www.arirang.com) United States Forces months, ultimately flattened the curve. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html Korea (USFK) and Korea ROK utilizing a similar strategy for COVID- Korea Center for Disease http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/en CDC overseeing contact 19. Privacy laws implemented to allow Control and Prevention tracing to detect data gathering in case of national treatment hotline: 1339 or individuals who may emergency. Koreans receive notifications 1345(English). have been exposed to on cell phones advising of possible contact infected personnel.995 with infected persons. COVID-19 Case Database https://github.com/CSSEGIS andData/COVID-19
Disaster Risk
The Republic of Korea has an overall INFORM model risk ranking of 169 out of 191 countries (a lower number indicates higher risk) and shows decreasing risk in the last three years.1000 Additionally, its INFORM COVID-19 risk index is 2.9/10 indicating low risk (10 being highest risk).1001 The country is prone to earthquakes and
993 https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/coronavirus-asia-asean-live-updates-by-country/ 994 https://kr.usembassy.gov/022420-covid-19-information/ 995 https://www.armytimes.com/news/coronavirus/2020/03/24/us-contractor-at-camp-humphreys-tests-positive-for-covid-19-after-visiting-base-starbucks-golf-course-restaurant/ 996 https://www.yahoo.com/news/hundreds-schools-south-korea-reopened-202748143.html 997 https://www.marketwatch.com/story/lesson-for-america-after-south-korea-reopened-it-saw-a-spike-in-coronavirus-cases-2020-05-27 998 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-southkorea/south-korea-to-relax-social-distancing-rules-further-starting-may-6- idUSKBN22F06C 999 http://www.korea.net/koreanet/fileDownload?fileUrl=pdfdata/2020/04/Flattening_the_curve_on_COVID-19.pdf 1000 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 1001 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic
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occasional typhoons that bring high winds and flooding.1002 Previous disasters such as the Gyeongju earthquake (2016) and the Gangneung forest fire (2017) sharpened emergency alert system strategies utilized during the current COVID-19 response.1003
National organization response
On 30 January, the Ministry of Health and Welfare announced an Epidemic Prevention Budget of $20.8 billion KRW to ensure preemptive epidemic prevention.1004 On 23 February, the ROK government raised the country’s infectious disease alert level to (Highest) and assembled the Central Disaster and Safety Countermeasures Headquarters (CDSCHQ) to bolster government response to COVID-19.1005
ROK’s success containing COVID-19 included an early and expansive testing program and extensive efforts to isolate infected people, and trace and quarantine their contacts. The country has tested over 270,000 people to date. In 2017, the Korean government, under the Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act (IDCP Act), introduced the Advancement of Smart Quarantine Information System which utilizes overseas roaming data to conduct investigation on possible infectious disease outbreak to quickly identify transmission routes and places infected persons visited using real time analysis of data such as GPS, mobile information, and credit card transaction history. From these multiple data points, the system can detect incidents of cluster infection and show the source of transmission. The system protects privacy and provides only relevant data to users. This technology became the Self-quarantine Safety Application App currently used to track and collect data on the infected, exposed, and quarantined and monitor their symptoms and compliance to quarantine rules.1006
Dozens of new COVID-19 cases were linked to nightclubs, with 102 infections confirmed as of 13 May in the cluster from a club patron testing positive 6 May.1007 More than 36% of the new cases are asymptomatic, stated Seoul Mayor Park Won-soon.1008 Some 8,500 police officers have been deployed to trace potential contacts of newly confirmed COVID-19 patients.1009 South Korea had responded to an exponential rise in new cases in February to March of hundreds per day, bringing the number of new daily cases down to the single digits, until the nightclub-related cluster.
On 29 MAY, hundreds of schools that reopened two days earlier closed again, and 838 schools slated to open 29 MAY remained physically closed, opting to continue with remote learning.1010 Millions of children had returned to school on 27 MAY, however, COVID-19 cases continue to increase.1011 It is increasingly difficult for health workers to track the spread of COVID-19 amid warmer weather and eased attitudes on distancing. “We will do our best to trace contacts and implement preventive measures, but there’s a limit to such efforts,” said Jeong Eun-Kyeong, director of South Korea’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.1012
1002 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ks.html 1003 http://www.korea.net/koreanet/fileDownload?fileUrl=pdfdata/2020/04/Flattening_the_curve_on_COVID-19.pdf 1004 https://www.csis.org/analysis/timeline-south-koreas-response-covid-19 1005http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/en/baroView.do?brdId=11&brdGubun=111&dataGubun=&ncvContSeq=&contSeq=&board_id= 1006 https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/coronavirus-cases-have-dropped-sharply-south-korea-whats-secret-its-success 1007 https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/12/854407305/south-korea-delays-reopening-schools-as-coronavirus-cases-resurge 1008 https://www.newsweek.com/south-korea-coronavirus-second-wave-hits-over-100-cases-country-struggles-contain-new-outbreak-1503475 1009 https://qz.com/1855878/8000-police-in-south-korea-mobilized-to-quash-itaewon-covid-19-cluster/?utm_source=YPL&yptr=yahoo 1010 https://www.yahoo.com/news/hundreds-schools-south-korea-reopened-202748143.html 1011 https://www.marketwatch.com/story/lesson-for-america-after-south-korea-reopened-it-saw-a-spike-in-coronavirus-cases-2020-05-27 1012 https://www.marketwatch.com/story/lesson-for-america-after-south-korea-reopened-it-saw-a-spike-in-coronavirus-cases-2020-05-27
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United States Forces Korea (USFK)
USFK, comprised of approximately 28,500 American troops, went on high alert and imposed restrictions and guidance including DoD travel restrictions. The Daegu Army Garrison comprising a population of 9,000 over several installations went on high alert due and largely closed facilities, confining U.S. military families and civilian employees in the battles to keep virus off-post.1013 Only one US service member has been confirmed to have the virus in South Korea.1014
Country-specific planning considerations
Health: Cancer is the main cause of mortality at 153 deaths per 100,000 people, followed by heart disease at 58.2/100k, and cerebrovascular disease (ie. stroke) at 45.8/100k.1015 Some local authorities have installed Artificial Intelligence (AI) devices at medical sites to relieve the burden of health care workers and improve the efficiency of diagnosis.1016 The country’s public health system is being reviewed for expansion in response to inadequate relevant equipment and isolation units available in private hospitals which make up 90% of available hospital beds.1017
Hospitals: There are 635 designated screening clinics (602 centers able to directly collect and test specimens) and 43 drive through stations. Walk-thru testing is also available and allows quick collection of samples and minimal contact. Diagnosis is carried out in 118 clinics and daily testing capacity has increased to 15,000 as of March 2020.1018 A list of hospitals/clinics is available here: (https://www.mohw.go.kr/react/popup_200128.html).
Quarantine Centers: Individuals with moderate symptoms are sent to quarantine centers for basic medical support and observation. Those with minimal or no symptoms have monitored self-quarantine for 2 weeks.1019
Security: Quarantine violators face up to $3 million won fines. A new bill was introduced to increase fine to $10 million won and up to 1 year in jail.1020 Return to TOC
1013 https://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/us-military-community-gets-creative-in-coping-with-coronavirus-fears-in-south-korea-1.621042 1014 https://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/us-forces-korea-confirms-another-coronavirus-case-on-camp-humphreys-for-overall-total-of-11-1.623753 1015 https://www.mohw.go.kr/eng/hs/hs0102.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=1006&MENU_ID=100602 1016 http://www.korea.net/koreanet/fileDownload?fileUrl=pdfdata/2020/04/Flattening_the_curve_on_COVID-19.pdf 1017 https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/how-south-korea-stopped-covid19-early-by-myoung-hee-kim-2020-04 1018 http://english.seoul.go.kr/covid/countermeasures/ 1019 http://www.korea.net/koreanet/fileDownload?fileUrl=pdfdata/2020/04/Flattening_the_curve_on_COVID-19.pdf 1020 https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/coronavirus-cases-have-dropped-sharply-south-korea-whats-secret-its-success
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SRI LANKA Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Considerations Affected State Information Resources Measures/Access
Sri Lanka has two international Sri Lanka reimposing selective SL MOH Epidemiology Unit: Sri Lanka airports, Bandaranaike lockdown restrictions 31 MAY http://www.epid.gov.lk/web/in COVID-19 Total Case Trend International Airport Colombo to restrict large gatherings dex.php?lang=en 2,000 located in Katunayake and Mattala after large daily surge in 1,900 Rajapaksha Airport in Hambantota. COVID-19 cases.1023 MOH daily sit reps (cases by 1,800 district): Sri Lanka has two monsoon On 17 March the government http://www.epid.gov.lk/web/in 1,700 seasons: the southeastern announced that all dex.php?option=com_content& 1,600 monsoon between May-Sept.; international airports in Sri view=article&id=225&lang=en 1,500 and, The northeastern monsoon Lanka will be closed to arriving 1,400 from Oct.-Jan. Inter-monsoonal international passenger flights. MOH Quarantine Unit Facebook: 1,300 period during October and the first Departing passengers are still https://www.facebook.com/pag 1,200 half of November, with rain and allowed to travel. es/category/Health---Wellness- 1,100 thunderstorms. Any passenger with symptoms Website/Quarantine-Unit- 1,000 Dengue fever is widespread in Sri will be transported to a local Ministry-of-Health-Sri-Lanka- Lanka’s Western Province, where hospital and held in isolation 108503734050398/ Colombo is located.1021 for further screening.1024 WHO Sri Lanka website: Demonstrations in Colombo are On April 5, the government https://www.who.int/srilanka 11 Deaths–1,801 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN normal. Most are peaceful, extended the suggested however, some are violent.1022 quarantine period from 2 to 4 WHO-Sri Lanka annual report: weeks.1025 https://apps.who.int/iris/handle https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html Easter Sunday Terrorist Attacks on /10665/272610 21 April 2019.
Disaster risk:
Overall INFORM model risk ranking is 97 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk). A 3-yr trend indicates stable overall risk.1026 The most common natural hazards to affect Sri Lanka include floods, landslides, cyclones, droughts, wind storms, tsunamis, and sea surges. Additionally, Sri Lanka’s INFORM COVID-19 risk is 4.3/10 indicating medium risk (10 being the highest).1027
National organization response Sri Lanka reimposing selective lockdown restrictions 31 MAY to restrict large gatherings after large daily surge in COVID-19 cases. The health ministry said that out of 460 Sri Lankans who returned from Kuwait that week, some
1021 https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/SriLanka.html#_blank 1022 https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/SriLanka.html#_blank 1023 https://news.yahoo.com/sri-lanka-reimpose-selective-lockdown-virus-cases-spike-101550470.html 1024 https://lk.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 1025 https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/sri-lanka-quarantine-four-weeks-positive-covid-19-coronavirus-12612286 1026 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index 1027 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic
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252 had tested positive for coronavirus, all of whom were quarantined.1028 On 26 MAY, Sri Lanka had lifted a shutdown on the capital and a neighboring district, after partially reopening much of the country on 11 MAY.1029 Sri Lanka had been on continuous lockdown since 20 March, a week after the first local COVID-19 case was reported. All restaurants, places of entertainment and schools will continue to be shut.1030 The Colombo Stock Exchange briefly opened 11 May for the first time since the 52-day shutdown, but shut 38 seconds after opening, following a plunge in share prices triggering a circuit breaker. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, the economy was struggling to recover from deadly Easter Sunday bombings in April 2019.1031
The national disaster management organization for Sri Lanka is the National Council for Disaster Management (NCDM). It is chaired by the President and vice-chaired by the Prime Minister and is composed of different ministries involved in disaster management. The Council’s main implementing body is the Ministry of Disaster Management and Human Rights. The Ministry houses the Disaster Management Centre, which is the secretariat of the Disaster Management Council.1032 For more information see CFE-DM handbook: https://www.cfe- dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=EKlBTfSZHdc%3d&portalid=0
Sri Lanka, using WHO guidance, implemented a Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan.1033 The Ministry of Health and Indigenous Medical Services (MOH) in collaboration with the WHO Country Office, is closely monitoring the situation and strengthening preparedness.1034
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) On 11 May, the UN World Health Organization (WHO) said Sri Lanka is on the right track to contain COVID-19 through increased tracking, testing, isolation, and treatment strategy. On 5 May, the WHO delivered a donation of essential laboratory equipment, hospital equipment, and personal protective equipment.1035
The Sri Lanka Red Cross Society (SLRCS) is assisting the government with an ongoing disinfection program.1036 The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Sri Lanka is supporting national authorities in efforts to protect the public and detainee population against the spread of COVID-19.1037 Organizations that work with Sri Lanka to build health capacity include the WHO, UNICEF, WFP, ILO, IOM, UNDP, UNFPA, World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB), and foreign aid agencies.
The Australian government provided the MOH with a contribution to work with WHO to support preparedness and response efforts for COVID-19.1038 World Bank approved a US$128.6 million Sri Lanka COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project.1039 ADB provided a US$100,000 grant for emergency medical supplies purchased through UNICEF.1040 USAID committed an additional US$4.5 million in COVID-19 assistance to Sri Lanka on 6 May, bringing the US contribution to US$5.8 million.1041 India handed over to Sri
1028 https://news.yahoo.com/sri-lanka-reimpose-selective-lockdown-virus-cases-spike-101550470.html 1029 https://news.yahoo.com/sri-lanka-reimpose-selective-lockdown-virus-cases-spike-101550470.html 1030 https://www.india.com/news/world/coronavirus-sri-lanka-prepares-to-end-lockdown-with-partial-opening-4025287/ 1031 https://www.msn.com/en-xl/asia/srilanka/sri-lanka-trading-halted-soon-after-reopen-from-lockdown/ar-BB13TU1R 1032 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=EKlBTfSZHdc%3d&portalid=0 1033 https://www.who.int/srilanka/news/detail/20-03-2020-government-of-australia-and-who-partner-to-support-covid-19-preparedness-and-response-in-sri-lanka 1034 https://www.who.int/srilanka/covid-19 1035 https://www.gulf-times.com/story/663025/Lanka-on-right-track-to-contain-Covid-19-WHO 1036 https://www.facebook.com/srilankaredcross/ 1037 https://www.icrc.org/en/document/sri-lanka-supporting-authorities-protect-detainees-and-public-health-during-covid-19 1038 https://www.who.int/srilanka/news/detail/20-03-2020-government-of-australia-and-who-partner-to-support-covid-19-preparedness-and-response-in-sri-lanka 1039 https://reliefweb.int/report/sri-lanka/world-bank-fast-tracks-128-million-covid-19-coronavirus-support-sri-lanka 1040 https://reliefweb.int/report/sri-lanka/adb-unicef-join-forces-supply-emergency-medical-equipment-support-sri-lanka-s-covid 1041 https://www.msn.com/en-xl/news/other/us-commits-2458-million-in-covid-19-assistance-to-sri-lanka/ar-BB13H4O5
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Lanka the fourth consignment of COVID-19 medical supplies, as India’s High Commissioner-designate flew to Colombo on 8 May with the 12.5 tons of supplies.1042
Oxfam announced on 20 May it will end its operations in Sri Lanka and 17 other countries.1043 With finances “seriously impacted” by the COVID-19 pandemic, Oxfam will globally lay off 1,450 personnel – almost one-third of its program staff – affecting 700 of its 1,900 partner organizations, and reducing its physical presence to 48 countries.1044
Country-specific planning considerations
Quarantine Centers: There are 50 quarantine centers of which 35 are operational.1045 Quarantined individuals are also placed in local hospitals and the Army manages several facilities.1046
Displaced Populations: Some 35,000 in camps awaiting resettlement.1047 Many of the country’s civil war displaced have already been resettled.
Health: The primary causes of mortality and morbidity in Sri Lanka are cardiovascular disease, suicide, and cancer. There is a high risk of infection and transmission of communicable diseases, including HIV/AIDS, Dengue Fever, Tuberculosis and Leprosy. Sri Lanka has a network of public health units and hospitals across the country, managed by the MOH.1048 There are six large hospitals in the Colombo area, including four with emergency trauma service: Asiri Surgical Hospital; Lanka Hospital; Central Hospital; and the government-run National Hospital. Facilities outside Colombo are limited. The U.S. Embassy maintains a list of health care facilities and physicians available: https://photos.state.gov/libraries/sri-lanka/5/pdfs/Doctor_s_List_2013.pdf1049 The ratio of doctors is 1 for every 3,000 people; the ratio for hospitals is 9 for every 3,000 people.1050
Security: In Kalwanchikudy town in Batticaloa district, rioters attacked an ambulance and tried to disrupt the transportation of patients with COVID-19. On 2 April, local residents protested at Mulleriyawa town in Kolonnawa, Colombo district, over the funeral of an infected person.1051 The government and international NGOs continue to locate and dispose of landmines in the north, but some areas remain mined.1052 Return to TOC
1042 https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-envoy-designate-to-sri-lanka-flies-to-colombo-with-medical-supplies/story-A7revOj3aiCsuRWPhh2lOP.html 1043 https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/oxfam-accelerates-new-strategic-changes-its-global-operations 1044 https://www.devex.com/news/exclusive-oxfam-to-lay-off-1-450-staff-and-withdraw-from-18-countries-97286#.XsV3XIZDCRY.twitter 1045 https://www.newsfirst.lk/2020/04/21/more-than-1000-residents-of-bandaranayake-mawatha-to-be-sent-for-quarantine/ 1046 https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/sri-lanka-quarantine-four-weeks-positive-covid-19-coronavirus-12612286 1047 https://www.state.gov/clearing-the-path-for-displaced-peoples-in-sri-lanka-a-decade-after-civil-war/ 1048 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=EKlBTfSZHdc%3d&portalid=0 1049 https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/SriLanka.html#_blank 1050 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=EKlBTfSZHdc%3d&portalid=0 1051 http://insecurityinsight.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Bulletin-2-Aid-Security-and-COVID-19-.pdf 1052 https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/SriLanka.html#_blank
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TAIWAN / REPUBLIC OF CHINA Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Considerations Affected State Information Resources Measures/Access
Flight restrictions. Taiwan to loosen social See footnotes for all. Taiwan COVID-19 Total Case Trend distancing restrictions Restrictions: 450 Movement restrictions. on 7 JUN, increasing numbers allowed a https://www.boca.gov.tw/ 445 mp-2.html 440 Typhoon (tropical cyclone) 1053 public gatherings. 435 season is June to October. https://www.cdc.gov.tw/En 430 Most foreign nationals 425 /Bulletin/Detail/_usu_p9uy Taiwan is not 420 barred from entering 9pWaRNNj8cLnw?typeid=1 415 diplomatically recognized Taiwan as of 19 March. 58 410 by most nations. It is not a 405 member-state of the Other inbound Taiwan Centers for Disease 400 United Nations, thus is not travelers from high-risk Control https://www.cdc.gov.tw/En a member of the UN World areas will be / Health Organization quarantined. (WHO), which has affected COVID-19 Cases Database 7 Deaths – 443 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN information sharing. Masks are required in https://github.com/CSSEGIS https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html ; www.cdc.gov.tw/en most public facilities. andData/COVID-19
Disaster Risk:
The INFORM (Index for Risk Management) Global Risk Index does not include Taiwan.1054 From 1980-2010, natural disasters caused 4,056 deaths, and affected 3.8 million people.1055 The five major natural hazards confronting Taiwan are: typhoons, earthquakes, landslides, floods, and debris flow. About 73% of Taiwan’s land and population is exposed to three or more hazards.1056
National organization response
Taiwan will loosen social distancing restrictions on 7 JUN, raising the number of people allowed at public gatherings, including cultural and leisure events, while social distancing seating arrangements on trains, cinemas, concert halls, and baseball stadiums will also be removed, though attendees and travelers will still need to wear masks. As of the week of 5 JUN, Taiwan now allows masks to be purchased on the open market. The sale of masks had been rationed since January, when the government tasked military to produce surgical masks. Taiwan’s daily mask production now exceeds 20 million, allowing the government to donate millions of masks to other countries. On 1 JUN, Taiwan offered to share globally the technology used in mobile apps to help combat COVID-19.1057 On 28 MAY, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) said it will help local companies export micro surgical face mask factories as a package amid the rising need for face masks.1058 Taiwan restricted non-
1053 https://thediplomat.com/2020/06/taiwan-to-loosen-covid-social-distancing-restrictions-announces-global-assistance-measures/ 1054 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 1055 https://www.jef.or.jp/journal/pdf/185th_cover03.pdf 1056 https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/downloads/compemmgmtbookproject/comparative%20em%20book%20-%20em%20in%20taiwan.pdf 1057 https://thediplomat.com/2020/06/taiwan-to-loosen-covid-social-distancing-restrictions-announces-global-assistance-measures/ 1058 https://focustaiwan.tw/business/202005280020
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residents from entering in March, and those restrictions remain in place. However, Taiwan has never had to institute lockdown or mass civilian quarantine measures, despite its proximity to China, due to the government’s early and proactive efforts to address COVID-19.1059
The Office of Disaster Management (ODM), under Disaster Prevention & Response Communities (DPRCM), now oversees emergency management policies and actions across Taiwan. Typhoon Morakot in 2009 significantly impacted Taiwan and prompted reconsideration of disaster management.1060 The Republic of China Armed Forces, or Taiwanese military, are also a key domestic responder in larger-scale disasters.
Taiwan’s Central Weather Bureau has a cell-phone based early warning system, which sends earthquake, thunderstorm, typhoon, and tsunami alerts.1061
As part of the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, the Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC) has been key to Taiwan responding early and proactively to COVID-19. The CECC Response Team was set up on 2 January. On 20 January the CECC declared Level 3 to respond to COVID-19 by integrating government, academic, medical, and private sector resources, with the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control Dr. Jih-Haw Chou serving as commander. On 23 January, CECC moved up to Level 2 following the first confirmed COVID-19 case in Taiwan. On 27 February, the CECC established Level 1 in response to the epidemic spreading globally. Minister of Health and Welfare Dr. Shih-Chung Chen was designated the commander to coordinate cross-ministry resources.1062 The CECC organogram is available at: https://www.cdc.gov.tw/En/Category/Page/wqRG3hQfWKFdAu-haoOIAQ
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society)
As Taiwan is not a UN member-state, UN agencies do not have a working presence in Taiwan.
The Red Cross Society of the Republic of China (Taiwan Red Cross) was established in 1904, and though it is not officially recognized by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) there are some cooperative interactions.1063 The Taiwan Red Cross (TRC) has been active in the domestic COVID-19 response by procuring and delivering personal protective equipment to fire departments and hospitals across Taiwan, as well as and delivering soap and food parcels to disadvantaged families, nursing homes, and children’s homes in partnership with the Andrew Charity Foundation NGO.1064 The TRC has responded internationally by providing medical devices to the Italian Red Cross.1065
Taiwan’s largest NGO is the Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu-Chi Foundation. Tzu Chi donated 4,000 masks to the Vatican.1066 Tzu Chi is the largest Taiwan-based relief organization with offices in 47 countries.1067 Another large NGO, Taiwan Root Medical Peace Corps, has been conducting medical missions domestically.1068
1059 https://www.jhsph.edu/covid-19/news-and-events/events/april-24.html 1060 https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/downloads/compemmgmtbookproject/comparative%20em%20book%20-%20em%20in%20taiwan.pdf 1061 https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3297115 1062 https://www.cdc.gov.tw/En/Category/Page/wqRG3hQfWKFdAu-haoOIAQ 1063 http://www.redcross.org.tw/english/index.jsp IFRC https://www.ifrc.org/Docs/ExcelExport/NS_Directory.pdf 1064 http://www.redcross.org.tw/english/home.jsp?pageno=201402140002 1065 http://www.redcross.org.tw/english/home.jsp?pageno=201402140002&acttype=view&dataserno=202003300003 1066 https://cruxnow.com/church-in-asia/2020/04/taiwan-donates-food-medical-supplies-to-vatican-amid-virus-outbreak/ 1067 https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/taiwans-humanitarian-aiddisaster-relief-wither-or-prosper/ 1068 http://taiwanroot.org/?l=en#
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Country-specific planning considerations
Most foreign nationals are barred from entering Taiwan as of 19 March.1069 Inbound travelers will be quarantined if in last 14 days they have passed through high-risk, which will include Europe and the Americas starting 18 April.1070 Masks are required to be worn in most public facilities, including public transportation systems and post offices, with banks to be included starting 20 April. People not wearing a mask on public transport can be fined NT$3,000-15,000 (US$100-500).1071
Quarantine: Taiwan quarantined 700 navy officers, servicemen and cadets for testing, following 24 members testing positive for COVID-19.1072
Health: Taiwan has 483 hospitals, as of 2018,1073 with an estimated population of 23.7 million people. Per the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, 73,225 people have been tested for COVID-19, of whom 443 were confirmed positive, 7 died, and 429 recovered, as of 5 JUN.1074 Taiwan has one of the lowest rates of COVID-19 cases per capita, especially notable as it did not shut down its economy as other countries did. Taiwan has 18.6 confirmed COVID-19 cases per million (CPM) people, compared to 58 CPM in Mongolia and China, 62 CPM in Bhutan, 135 CPM in Japan, 228 CPM in South Korea, 239 CPM in New Zealand, and 847 CPM as the global average, as of 5 JUN.1075 Return to TOC
1069 https://www.boca.gov.tw/cp-220-5081-c06dc-2.html 1070 https://www.cdc.gov.tw/En/Bulletin/Detail/_usu_p9uy9pWaRNNj8cLnw?typeid=158 1071 https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3916612 1072 https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2020/04/19/2003734882 1073 https://www.statista.com/statistics/934717/taiwan-number-of-hospitals/ 1074 https://www.cdc.gov.tw/En 1075 https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/total-covid-cases-deaths-per-million?time=2020-03-13..
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THAILAND Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Considerations Measures/Access Resources
U-Tapao Airfield a critical The Royal Thai Government Department of Disease Thailand COVID-19 Total Case Trend Intermediate Staging Base for on 26 MAY extended the Control Dashboard nearly every DoD FDR national state of http://covid19.th-stat.com/en 3,100 operation in Indo-Pacific emergency to 30 JUN. 3,080 Thailand – ReliefWeb National curfew from 2300 3,060 USARPAC Pathways program 1077 Country Page 3,040 - 0400 remains in effect. has concluded. U.S. troops https://reliefweb.int/country/ 3,020 remain in country awaiting Temporary closure of all (9) tha#disasters 3,000 redeployment border checkpoints Thailand Health Facilities 2,980 2,960 ≈ U.S. troops billeted in U- The ban on incoming https://data.humdata.org/dat 2,940 aset/thailand-healthsites Tapao area as Logistics/C2 international flights 2,920 2,900 element coordinating the remains in effect. Thai Ministry of Public retrograde Repatriation and inbound Health - official military/state flights http://covid19.th-stat.com/en More than 90K refugees in 9 allowed camps bordering Myanmar US Embassy in Thailand 58 Deaths – 3,102 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN Most domestic flights https://th.usembassy.gov/u-s- Phuket Airport to reopen to halted citizen-services/covid-19- https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html ; domestic flights on 15 ≈ 80% of trains cancelled information/ https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 JUN.1076
Disaster Risk: Overall INFORM model risk ranking is 79 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) for natural disasters. INFORM also has a new COVID Risk Index, which identifies “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Thailand is assessed as being in the Medium COVID risk class, based on a COVID risk of 3.8 on a scale of 1-10, where a higher number indicates higher risk. 1078 Since January’s outbreak of coronavirus 2,747 patients have recovered and 187 are still hospitalized.1079
National organization response The Royal Thai Government on 26 MAY extended the national state of emergency to 30 JUN. A national curfew from 2300 - 0400 remains in effect, and the ban on incoming international flights also remains in effect. On 28 MAY the government announced that non-Thai nationals who possess a valid work permit or have already been granted permission from a Thai government agency to work in the Kingdom can apply for permission to enter the Kingdom.1080 Phuket Airport to reopen to domestic flights on 15 JUN,1081 the provincial communicable disease committee announced on 2 JUN, saying the permission was granted since the provincial authority had been effective in containing the spread of COVID-19. The Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand (CAAT) had banned domestic flights to and from Phuket since 10 APR due to the COVID-19 pandemic.1082
1076 https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1928316/phuket-airport-to-reopen-to-domestic-flights-on-june-15 1077 https://th.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/covid-19-information/ 1078 https://data.humdata.org/dataset/inform-covid-analysis-v01 1079 https://news.yahoo.com/thailand-reports-one-coronavirus-case-052821992.html 1080 https://th.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/covid-19-information/ 1081 https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1928316/phuket-airport-to-reopen-to-domestic-flights-on-june-15 1082 https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1928316/phuket-airport-to-reopen-to-domestic-flights-on-june-15
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Thailand COVID-19 Forecast Historical Events: Major events: Dec 2004: Indian 285 Ocean earthquake and tsunami left 8,221 people dead and around 58,550 235 people were affected.
July 2011: Flooding left around 19,000 185 houses destroyed and around 1.9 million affected.1083
135 Recent events: Aug 2019: Following Tropical Storm PODUL and 85 Tropical Depression KAJIKI, 35 people were killed and 1.68 million people were affected.1084 35 y = -1.01 PACOM Response: December 2004: -15 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami.
4/4/2020 4/8/2020 5/2/2020 5/6/2020 6/3/2020 6/7/2020 7/1/2020 7/5/2020 7/9/2020 October 2011: 3/11/2020 3/15/2020 3/19/2020 3/23/2020 3/27/2020 3/31/2020 4/12/2020 4/16/2020 4/20/2020 4/24/2020 4/28/2020 5/10/2020 5/14/2020 5/18/2020 5/22/2020 5/26/2020 5/30/2020 6/11/2020 6/15/2020 6/19/2020 6/23/2020 6/27/2020 7/13/2020 7/17/2020 7/21/2020 7/25/2020 7/29/2020 New Cases Forecast Floods
Lower Forecast Range Upper Forecast Range June 2018: Cave Rescue1085 Projections: The slope/test positivity rate (TPR) for Thailand is less than 1, which indicates a manageable or resolving COVID-19 situation.
National organization response (continued): Several provinces have restricted entry into or travel through their provinces. These restrictions may be implemented with little or no advance notice and can include a thorough inspection of travelers, mandatory quarantines, or outright prohibition on entry for non-residents. Effective 1 April, the Royal Thai Government expanded the ban on foreign nationals entering Thailand to include transiting passengers at international airports. The Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand confirmed the previous exemption for most transit passengers expired on March 31 and would not be extended. Very limited transit exemptions remain in place for foreign cargo carriers, crew, and pilots, provided they promptly depart Thailand after fulfilling their duties.
1083 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=twwMY081NH8%3d&portalid=0 1084 https://www.adrc.asia/view_disaster_en.php?NationCode=764&Lang=en&Key=2349 1085 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=twwMY081NH8%3d&portalid=0
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Thailand has highest suicide per capita rate in Southeast Asia and COVID-19 lockdown and job loss related attempts since the end of March have numbered 38 and actual deaths 28. Concerns that suicides will eclipse the number of COVID-19 deaths which number 56 are mounting with Health Officials reported unprecedented number of calls (600 compared to just 20 and 40 respectively in previous months).1086 The Government has approved more than 4 Billion Baht for the National Health Security Office to support the costs of prevention, treatment and compensation for COVID-19 patients. These funds will help provide support for free laboratory screening tests for all Thai people who meet the surveillance criteria. The funds will also be used to purchase protective equipment for ambulance services and healthcare workers. Thailand DM handbook: https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=PByJshZKjc4%3d&portalid=0 Additionally, the Government of Thailand issued a third stimulus package of $US58 billion to mitigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 outbreak for businesses, households, and the financial services sector. Two previous packages were released in March providing small and medium business relief and tax incentives.1087
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) WHO Thailand remains in frequent direct contact with the Royal Thai Government through the Ministry of Public Health, sharing information on key developments, guidelines and scientific updates. ASEAN countries will collaborate on joint investment in COVID-19 vaccine research and development.1088 Oxfam announced 20 May it will end operations in Thailand and 17 other countries.1089 With finances “seriously impacted” by the COVID-19 pandemic, Oxfam will globally lay off 1,450 personnel – almost one-third of its program staff – affecting 700 of 1,900 partner organizations and reducing physical presence to 48 countries.1090
Country-specific planning considerations Hospitals: 823 hospitals / 7,115 ICU beds
Quarantine Centers: 85 cases have been detected in people held in local/state quarantine facilities and 60 additional cases were confirmed among immigrants being held in the Songkhla immigration detention center.1091
Security: Insurgents resumed attacks on 3 MAY in Thailand’s ethnic-Malay dominated southern border region, following security forces killing three members of the main separatist group Barisan Revolusi Nasional (BRN) on 30 APR. This ended the ceasefire BRN unilaterally called on 3 APR, citing a need to focus on the COVID-19 outbreak.1092 Regionally, the COVID-19 related ceasefire in the Philippines was also short-lived. In Bang Bon neighborhood, Bangkok city, Central Thailand region, protestors demanded the removal of COVID-19 patients from a local hospital, citing health concerns.1093 USARPAC Pacific Pathways exercise temporarily halted after the U.S. Defense Department issued a stop- movement order, slated to end June 30. U.S. Army Chief of Staff Gen. James C. McConville said soldiers will soon return to train with partners in the Indo-Pacific region.1094 Return to TOC
1086 https://thediplomat.com/2020/05/thailand-the-coronavirus-suicides/ 1087 https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/thailand-issues-third-covid-19-stimulus-package/ 1088 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/2020-05-07-tha-sitrep-74-covid19-final.pdf 1089 https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/oxfam-accelerates-new-strategic-changes-its-global-operations 1090 https://www.devex.com/news/exclusive-oxfam-to-lay-off-1-450-staff-and-withdraw-from-18-countries-97286#.XsV3XIZDCRY.twitter 1091 https://reliefweb.int/report/thailand/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-who-thailand-situation-report-6-may-2020 1092 https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/thailand-killings-insurgents-ends-southern-separatist-ceasefire 1093 http://insecurityinsight.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Bulletin-2-Aid-Security-and-COVID-19-.pdf 1094 https://www.army.mil/article/235906/chief_of_staff_foresees_greater_army_commitment_in_indo_pacific
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TIMOR-LESTE Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Considerations Measures/Access Resources
WHO working closely State of Emergency extended to Timor-Leste Ministry of Timor-Leste COVID-19 Total Case Trend with TL Ministry of 26 JUN.1095 Health (MOH) Facebook Health (MoH) page: F-FDTL, PNTL, and MOH officials https://www.facebook.com/Min 40 TL confirmed its first have established check points to isteriodaSaudeTL?_rdc=1&_rdr 35 case on March 21 enforce travel restrictions and social distancing policies.1096 WHO Timor-Leste site: 30 Flight and movement https://www.who.int/timorleste restrictions Public transportation services / 25 are suspended. FRANZ partners likely WHO COVID-19 Situation 20 to provide primary Meetings or demonstrations of Reports for Timor-Leste 15 disaster response more than five people are https://www.who.int/timorleste prohibited /emergencies/novel- 10 Foreigners are no coronavirus-2019/novel- longer authorized to Schools suspended March 22 coronavirus-(2019-ncov)- 5 enter TL, with situation-reports International arrivals banned, 0 exceptions including 14-day mandatory quarantine WHO Timor-Leste Facebook: transport of goods for returnees https://www.facebook.com/WH Authorizations, OTL/?_rdc=1&_rdr Vera Cruz Community Health including visas granted Centre (CHC) is the one The MoH has established a to foreigners, will 0 Deaths – 24* confirmed cases as of 5 JUN operational isolation center; 30 hotline number – 119 – for remain valid for as long other sites identified.1097 people to get any COVID-19 *No new confirmed cases since 25 APR as the State of related information. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html Emergency
Disaster risk: The INFORM (Index for Risk Management) risk assessment ranking (lower number indicates higher risk) for Timor-Leste is 60 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk) for disasters and humanitarian crises, with a 3-year disaster risk trend indicating decreasing risk.1098 Additionally INFORM has a separate COVID-19 Risk Index, which assesses “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Timor Leste’s COVID-19 risk is 5.5/10 (10 indicating highest risk), giving it a “High” COVID-19 risk class.1099 Common natural hazards include cyclones, earthquakes, tsunami, flooding.
National organization response The state of emergency was extended to 26 JUN,1100 after being renewed on 28 MAY. It was first declared 28 MAR, one week after the first COVID-19 case was confirmed in country, and first renewed on 24 APR. The latest extension comes with more flexible measures, including allowing school activities, while strengthening border control, particularly along the border with Indonesia.1101
1095 https://www.macaubusiness.com/east-timor-parliament-approves-extension-of-state-of-emergency-to-26-june/ 1096 https://tl.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 1097 https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/timor-leste/13-04-2020-tls-sitrep-24-ncov-eng.pdf?sfvrsn=d3b99de6_2 1098 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Portals/0/InfoRM/2019/Inform%202019%20WEB%20spreads%20(3).pdf?ver=2019-02-07-113610-123 1099 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic 1100 https://www.macaubusiness.com/east-timor-parliament-approves-extension-of-state-of-emergency-to-26-june/ 1101 https://thediplomat.com/2020/06/timor-lestes-covid-19-response/
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Timor-Leste COVID-19 Forecast Historical Events: Major events: TIMOR LESTE NEW CASE 2015 – 2017: Severe drought 14 due to El Niño.1102
2014: Dengue outbreak in Dili.1103 12 Feb 2008: 2-month state of emergency after 10 assassination attempts on PM and President.1104
2007-2008: Flooding and 8 landslides across the country.1105
2007: Continued civil unrest 6 leaves 10,000 displaced.1106
April 2006: Civil unrest leaves 100,000 displaced.1107 4 1999: Independence referendum leads to violence. Up to 2,000 killed and 70% of 2 infrastructure destroyed.1108
Recent Events: Dec. 2019: Drought affected 0 36 percent (210,000 ha) of crops.1109
May 2019: Flooding due to 4/2/2020 4/5/2020 4/8/2020 5/2/2020 5/5/2020 5/8/2020 6/1/2020 6/4/2020 6/7/2020 7/1/2020 7/4/2020 7/7/2020 3/21/2020 3/24/2020 3/27/2020 3/30/2020 4/11/2020 4/14/2020 4/17/2020 4/20/2020 4/23/2020 4/26/2020 4/29/2020 5/11/2020 5/14/2020 5/17/2020 5/20/2020 5/23/2020 5/26/2020 5/29/2020 6/10/2020 6/13/2020 6/16/2020 6/19/2020 6/22/2020 6/25/2020 6/28/2020 7/10/2020 7/13/2020 Cyclone Lili.1110 New Cases Forecast Lower Forecast Range Upper Forecast Range INDOPACOM Response: N/A
The Ministries of Interior and of Social Solidarity have joint responsibility for disaster response. The Ministry of Social Solidarity (MSS) is responsible for coordinating preparation and response.1111 A joint Ministry of Health (MoH) and WHO team along with partners provided support to improve health facility preparedness and response. Official external partners of MoH include the WHO and UNICEF. A dedicated surveillance hub has been established to expand contact tracing capability. WHO and MoH developed an online tool for contact tracing, which provides real time information.1112 Suspected cases are referred to the COVID-19 Isolation Centre in Dili, where patients are tested and isolated pending test results; and contacts are traced and isolated. A working group of doctors, nurses, and midwives from the MOH and NGOs has designed a screening and triage framework.1113
1102 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=XZGcUuRhJG4%3d&portalid=0 1103 https://reliefweb.int/report/timor-leste/timor-leste-dengue-outbreak-dref-operation-n-mdrtp003-update-no-1 1104 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/0F2096467870CA66C12575A6003A5E73-Full_Report.pdf 1105 https://reliefweb.int/report/timor-leste/timor-leste-flooding-and-landslides-dref-operation-no-mdrtp002-final-report 1106 https://reliefweb.int/report/timor-leste/timor-leste-flooding-and-landslides-dref-operation-no-mdrtp002-final-report 1107 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/EB7BA347846D3BB44925744C0002EDDC-Full_Report.pdf 1108 https://www.timorleste.tl/east-timor/about/history/ 1109 https://reliefweb.int/report/timor-leste/wfp-timor-leste-country-brief-december-2019 1110 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=XZGcUuRhJG4%3d&portalid=0 1111 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=XZGcUuRhJG4%3d&portalid=0 1112 https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/timor-leste/13-04-2020-tls-sitrep-24-ncov-eng.pdf?sfvrsn=d3b99de6_2 1113 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(20)30183-1/fulltext
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People not in isolation, do not have a job, or exempted from working must remain in their residence; Persons leaving their residence must travel alone, maintain a distance of one meter, and avoid gatherings. Everyone must wash or sanitize their hands before entering commercial establishments and wear a mask. Additionally, individuals will be prevented from entering a premise if they have a temperature of 38 degrees Celsius or above, and the establishment is required to report any such individuals to health authorities.1114 TL reported its first health care worker confirmed to have COVID-19. The positive test was confirmed by a laboratory in Darwin, Australia, which has been conducting some virus tests on behalf of TL.1115 CFE-DM Disaster Management Reference Handbook on Timor-Leste: https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=XZGcUuRhJG4%3d&portalid=0
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) A Cuban medical team is assisting TL in the fight against COVID-19.1116 Australian doctors from the Menzies School of Health Research, based in Darwin, are assisting TL. The Australian Federal Police have also helped establish temporary police stations at quarantine facilities.1117 The WHO strategy to combat COVID-19 in Timor-Leste is to: • Prevent local transmission. Currently there is no reported local transmission. • Train and equip health workers and health facilities to manage large number of cases. • Communicate risk and event information to all communities and counter misinformation. • Minimize social and economic impact through multi-sectoral partnerships1118
Country-specific planning considerations There are 24 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Timor-Leste as of 5 JUN, with no new cases since 25 APR.1119 The first case in Timor-Leste was confirmed on 21 MAR. Timor-Leste has relied on early intervention and a mandatory quarantine, with attention focused on Timorese returning from overseas. Quarantining returning Timorese enabled health authorities to monitor and prevent COVID-19 transmission in the wider community. There is nationwide recognition that the existing health system could not cope with a public health emergency.1120 Evacuation Centers: The Vera Cruz Community Health Centre (CHC) is now functional as an isolation facility; 30 other facilities have been identified by the MoH for quarantining people returning to TL.1121 Displaced Populations: No current significant displaced populations. Hospitals: There are 12 hospitals in TL. Guido Valadares National Hospital Located in Bidau, appears to be the main hospital and has Emergency Room services and basic medical imaging. Health: Widespread poverty and high malnutrition rates increase the population’s susceptibility to other diseases. Prevalent health challenges include high maternal and child mortality rates, malnutrition, malaria, tuberculosis, dengue, and parasitic infections. Mountainous terrain and lack of transport pose challenges.1122 Security: Timor-Leste Defense Force (F-FDTL), Police (PNTL), and MOH officials have established check points across the country to enforce travel restrictions and social distancing policies. PNTL is also enforcing social distancing rules at checkpoints within Dili.1123 The Asia Foundation warns that TL has some of the highest rates of gender-based violence in the world and the COVID-19 crisis, with restrictions on movement, could affect vulnerable women and children.1124 Return to TOC
1114 https://tl.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 1115 https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-timor/east-timor-has-first-medical-worker-infected-with-covid-19-idUSL3N2CC2OG 1116 https://www.plenglish.com/index.php?o=rn&id=54949&SEO=cuban-doctors-fight-covid-19-in-timor-leste 1117 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-16/australian-doctors-help-stop-covid-timor-leste/12147180 1118 https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/timor-leste/13-04-2020-tls-sitrep-24-ncov-eng.pdf?sfvrsn=d3b99de6_2 1119 https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 1120 https://thediplomat.com/2020/06/timor-lestes-covid-19-response/ 1121 https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/timor-leste/13-04-2020-tls-sitrep-24-ncov-eng.pdf?sfvrsn=d3b99de6_2 1122 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=XZGcUuRhJG4%3d&portalid=0 1123 https://tl.usembassy.gov/covid-19-information/ 1124 https://reliefweb.int/report/timor-leste/timor-leste-dangers-staying-home
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TONGA Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Planning Considerations Affected State Information Resources Case Trend Measures/Access
As of 5 June, Flight Restrictions: Tonga has National COVID-19 See footnotes for all. Tonga has no announced entry restrictions restrictions were Government of Tonga: confirmed requiring international travelers extended on 29 MAY Ministry of Health: http://www.health.gov.to/ (except Tongan citizens, permanent Prime Minister’s Office: http://pmo.gov.to/ COVID-19 through 11 JUN.1125 residents, and immediate family cases. COVID-19 Confirmed Cases: members) who either traveled from Tropical Cyclone Harold https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 or through a specific list of countries struck Tonga on 9. Over
to spend at least 14 days in self- 323 evacuees had Flight Restrictions: quarantine in a country free of https://fj.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/covid- sheltered in 17 coronavirus prior to entering Tonga. 19-information/
evacuation centers. All http://www.health.gov.to/drupal/sites/default/files/ https://coronavirus.j Cyclone season is November to April. COVID-19%20TRAVEL%20ADVISORY%20NO.5.pdf hu.edu/map.html but 1 family returned to their homes (13 APR).1126
SPECIAL SECTION – Tropical Cyclone Harold Two days after Tropical Cyclone (TC) Harold hit the Vanuatu island of Santo as a category 5 cyclone on 7 April, and one day after striking Fiji as a category 4 cyclone on 8 April, TC Harold then moved towards Tonga, entering Tongan waters on 9 April 2020. The category 4 cyclone impacted the whole of Tonga. There was no reported loss of life, but 429 houses were damaged or destroyed and coastal areas were inundated affecting wharves and coastal roads. Two days prior to the cyclone striking Tonga waters, the Fua’amotu Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (FTCWC) activated a ‘Tropical Cyclone Advisory’ to trigger preparedness and response, and the Government of Tonga declared a ‘State of Emergency’ the next day on 8 April.1127 The National Emergency Management Office (NEMO) started distributing relief items to TC Harold affected communities on 15 April. Together with its partners – Mainstreaming of Rural Development Innovation Tonga (MORDI), Caritas and Tonga National Youth Council (TNYC) – NEMO distributed relief to the districts of Hihifo, Vaheloto, Vahe Vaini, Vahe Tatakamotonga, Kolomotu’a and Kolofo’ou, and planned to complete distribution in Vahe Hahake on 22 April. Relief included tents, tarpaulin covers, hygiene kits, shelter kits, jerry cans, solar lights and kitchen sets. Relief items including shelter kits were also shipped to ‘Eua on 13 April 2020 on the VOEA Neiafu, and on 15 April on the VOEA Ngahau Koula. 1128 The worst damage seemed to be inflicted by an up to three metre sea surge which had inundated a lot of coastal areas in both Tongatapu and 'Eua. More than 900 houses were damaged.1129 Response operations included road clearance by the His Majesty’s Armed Forces (HMAF) and Tonga Police. NEMO with Tonga Police and Tonga Geology distributed 4 tents, 4 Hygiene kits, 8 Water container (Jerry- cans) and 12 solar lights to ‘Atataa and Pangaimotu village in Tongatapu. The Relief Team arrived in ‘Eua on 13 April with relief items (400 litres fuel, 20 pack drinking water, 40 Hygiene kits, 30 containers etc.). The Tonga Red
1125 http://www.health.gov.to/en/renewal-national-lockdown-notice-29-may-2020 1126 https://reliefweb.int/report/tonga/tc-harold-situation-report-3 1127 http://www.gov.to/press-release/tc-harold-sit-rep-no-1/ 1128 http://www.gov.to/press-release/distribution-of-relief-items-from-tropical-cyclonetc-harold-damage/ 1129 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/415062/cyclone-harold-said-to-cost-tonga-more-than-us111m
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Cross, Tonga National Youth Congress and Caritas are also providing relief items to the damaged houses as per need identified by IDA.1130 Australia provided immediate assistance of AUD 100,000 to support Tonga’s National Emergency Management Office (NEMO) with procurement of essential supplies for those impacted by TC Harold. Through the FRANZ trilateral disaster relief arrangement, Australia is also working with New Zealand and France to support relief efforts to affected countries.1131
Disaster Risk: Overall INFORM model risk ranking is 97 out of 191 countries. (Lower number indicates higher risk.) Disaster risk in last three years has been stable.1132 Additionally, Tonga’s INFORM COVID-19 risk is 4.0/10 indicating medium risk (10 being the highest).1133
National organization response National COVID-19 restrictions were extended on 29 MAY through 11 JUN.1134 The National Emergency Management Office (NEMO) has the specific responsibility for the co- ordination of resources during a disaster or emergency situation. This function will be performed in conjunction with Central Control Group (CCG) deliberations, with the coordinator located within the National Emergency Operation Centre (NEOC).1135 The NEOC was activated on 20th March, 2020 as a result of Tonga’s declaration of ‘State of Emergency’ for COVID 19, and on 8 April the Government of Tonga declared a ‘State of Emergency’ for the preparedness and response to TC Harold.1136 The Ministry of Health (http://www.health.gov.to) posts news and information on the COVID-19 situation including travel advisories and diversion orders.1137
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The WHO in the Pacific is based in Suva, Fiji, and coordinates the COVID-19 Joint Incident Management Team, which has developed and is implementing a six-month Pacific Action Plan for 2019 COVID-19.1138
Country-specific planning considerations Health Facilities: Health services are provided by a network of 34 maternal and child health clinics, 14 health centers, three district hospitals (Prince Wellington Ngu Hospital in ‘Eu with 16 beds; Niu’ui Hospital in Ha’apai with 28 beds, and Niu’eki Hospital in ‘Eua with 16 beds), and the tertiary referral hospital, Vaiola Hospital located in the capital city of Nuku’alofa with 191 beds.1139 There are 2.6 hospital beds per 1,000 population.1140 Isolation Facilities: There are no confirmed COVID-19 cases in Tonga as of 15 April 2020; however, a quarantine site at the HMAF Taliai Army Camp in Fua'amotu had already been used for several suspected cases.1141 Tests are currently being sent to Australia, but the Tonga Ministry of Health has placed an order for a machine and CoViD-19 test kits so that they can test in Tonga.1142 Security: A curfew is in effect from 9:00pm to 5:00am.1143 Return to TOC
1130 https://reliefweb.int/report/tonga/tc-harold-situation-report-3 1131 https://reliefweb.int/report/tonga/australia-s-immediate-response-tonga-following-tropical-cyclone-harold 1132 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 1133 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic 1134 http://www.health.gov.to/en/renewal-national-lockdown-notice-29-may-2020 1135 https://logcluster.org/sites/default/files/documents/national_disaster_management_plan_and_emergency_procedures 1136 http://www.gov.to/press-release/national-emergency-management-committee-and-national-task-force-emergency-response-covid-19-and-tc-harold/ 1137 http://www.health.gov.to/ 1138 https://www.who.int/westernpacific/about/how-we-work/pacific-support/news/detail/21-02-2020-pacific-steps-up-preparedness-against-covid-19 1139 https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/208225 1140 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tn.html 1141 https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2020/03/25/1099153/pacific-story-template 1142 https://matangitonga.to/2020/03/27/negative-covid-19-tests-good-news-tonga-critical-time 1143 http://pmo.gov.to/index.php/2020/04/17/national-covid-19-restrictions-notice/
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TUVALU Return to TOC
COVID-19 Planning Considerations Affected State Measures/Access Information Resources Total Case Trend As of 5 June, Flight Restrictions: The The Tuvalu Government convened a See footnotes for all. Tuvalu has no Government of Tuvalu COVID-19 Health Taskforce in late COVID-19 Confirmed Cases https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 confirmed announced specific January. In March, the government restrictions prohibiting COVID-19 declared a State of Emergency. entry to Tuvalu. Health Flight and Movement Restrictions: cases. Tuvalu passed emergency screening will be conducted https://fj.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/covid- at Funafuti airport and regulations which saw borders 19-information/ seaport and may also be closed to all flights and vessels, conducted at Nausori (Fiji) except where exempted for essential https://devpolicy.org/how-is-tuvalu-securing- Airport and Tarawa supplies of food, medicine, fuel, against-covid-19-20200406/ (Kiribati) Airport. cargo, or humanitarian assistance. Demographic information: Cyclone season runs from Tuvalu is recovering from Tropical https://iris.wpro.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665. November to mid-May, Cyclone Tino which tore through the 1/13958/WPRO-2017-DPM-024-tuv-eng.pdf
though most occur from country on 17 January 2020. Half of Tropical Cyclone Tino: late December to early the population of 11,000 people https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific- https://coronavirus. April. news/408085/tuvalu-to-declare-state-of- jhu.edu/map.html were affected. emergency-after-cyclone-tino
SPECIAL SECTION – Tropical Cyclone Tino Tropical Cyclone Tino hit Tuvalu on 17 January 2020 as a category 3 cyclone. A state of emergency was issued on 24 January 2020. The country’s disaster management office reported that few of the country’s 14 islands were spared damage. Two hundred people were evacuated on the main island of Funafuti alone, and there is significant damage to infrastructure.1144 According to the Government, half of the country's population of 11,000 people was severely affected. Plantations on most of the islands were badly damaged and as a result, food security remains a major concern.1145 Recovery work will include rebuilding of homes and buildings, and lifeline infrastructure including power, communications and water facilities. Supplies including food rations have been distributed using boats while the patrol boats were utilized by the assessment teams.1146
Disaster Risk – Tuvalu’s overall INFORM model risk ranking is 101 out of 191 countries. (Lower number indicates higher risk.)1147 Due to Tuvalu’s low elevation, the island nation is vulnerable to tropical cyclones, flooding and rising sea levels. It is also vulnerable to drought conditions. The population of approximately 11,000 are spread out over a number of small islands and due to this geographic isolation even small disasters can overwhelm the countries local response capability. It is likely that Tuvalu is able to minimize loss of life and infrastructure, due to the disaster management organizations and warning systems in place; however, Tuvalu is almost entirely dependent on external assistance during a disaster.1148 Additionally, Tuvalu’s INFORM COVID-19 risk is 5.1/10 indicating medium risk (10 being the highest).1149
1144 https://reliefweb.int/report/tuvalu/adb-provides-3-million-tuvalu-cyclone-relief 1145 https://reliefweb.int/report/tuvalu/tuvalu-state-emergency-following-cyclone-tino-dg-echo-media-echo-daily-flash-3 1146 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/programmes/datelinepacific/audio/2018733024/tuvalu-tino-recovery-gets-dollarus6m-boost 1147 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/Results-and-data/INFORM-2019-Results-and-data 1148 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks 1149 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic
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National organization response for disaster: The National Disaster Committee is coordinated by the National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) which is housed in the Office of the Prime Minister. The Minister responsible to Government on all disaster related matters ensures that all government agencies have taken adequate measures to mitigate, prepare, respond to and recover from disasters, and fosters the participation of non-government agencies (NGOs) in disaster risk management and arrangements taken by government.1150
National organization response for COVID-19: The Tuvalu Government convened a COVID-19 Health Taskforce in late January, and in March risk management measures were tightened again, with the declaration of a State of Emergency triggered by the first case of COVID-19 being confirmed in Fiji, the main point of departure for Tuvalu’s incoming flights and boats. The country passed emergency regulations closing all flights and vessels, except where exempted for essential supplies of food, medicine, fuel, cargo, or humanitarian assistance. Enforced are mandatory medical checks and two-week quarantine for any arrivals, and restrictions were placed on public gatherings, including church services. Schools have been closed. If a case is confirmed, the government intends to introduce a complete lockdown and implement martial law, as well as seek external assistance. Border control is being strengthened by new initiatives, such as involving the police force in border operations. 1151 The Ministry of Health of Tuvalu is the point of contact for medical response to COVID-19. It puts out travel restrictions to include the one posted on 24 February 2020.1152
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) The WHO in the Pacific is based in Suva, Fiji, and coordinates the COVID-19 Joint Incident Management Team, which has developed and is implementing a six-month Pacific Action Plan for COVID-19.1153 The Tuvalu Red Cross Society has branches on each of the country’s islands. They provide health services and training regarding climate change and disaster management through resilience projects.1154
Country-specific planning considerations Health Facilities: Tuvalu has one hospital located on the main island of Funafuti; two health clinics on Funafuti; and eight health centers covering outer islands.1155 The health system is preparing for a possible outbreak, with new initiatives such as the establishment of quarantine areas, surveillance, public health communication, and mobilization of volunteers to help address nursing shortages, being organized.1156 Isolation Facilities: N/A due to no confirmed COVID-19 cases in Tuvalu as of 16 April 2020. Mobile clinics: N/A due to no confirmed COVID-19 cases in Tuvalu as of 16 April 2020. Security: Tuvalu has no military, although it has a small police force which is spread out over the islands. The police are first to respond and they are largely reliant on international assistance during times of crisis. The total strength of the Tuvaluan police force is 56 members. 1157 Return to TOC
1150 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks 1151 https://devpolicy.org/how-is-tuvalu-securing-against-covid-19-20200406/ 1152 https://tuvalu.highcommission.gov.au/files/FNFU/TUVALU%20Revised%20Travel%20Advisory_24%20February%20(3).pdf 1153 https://www.who.int/westernpacific/about/how-we-work/pacific-support/news/detail/21-02-2020-pacific-steps-up-preparedness-against-covid-19 1154 https://www.ifrc.org/en/news-and-media/news-stories/asia-pacific/tuvalu/building-resilience-in-vulnerable-communities-in-tuvalu-73924/ 1155 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/136914/ccsbrief_tuv_en.pdf;jsessionid=8F011606E424E2BBABF1C6CE9E5A2141?sequence=1 1156 https://devpolicy.org/how-is-tuvalu-securing-against-covid-19-20200406/ 1157 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks
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VANUATU Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Planning Considerations Affected State Measures/Access Information Resources Case Trend
As of 5 June, Vanuatu hit by Cyclone Harold Vanuatu is currently under a State of Emergency, (first enacted COVID-19 Pacific Situation Vanuatu has no on April 6; Extensive damage 26 March) during which national and provincial governments Reports: reported—Sanma is the worst have enacted various measures to prevent COVID-19. https://www.who.int/westernpaci confirmed affected province fic/emergencies/covid- COVID-19 cases. Vanuatu’s ports of entry are closed and there are no 19/pacific/situation-reports Access a challenge with not all international commercial air routes into our out of the country. airports and ports fully COVID-19 in the Pacific: operational; roads in many Following TC Harold striking 6 April, Vanuatu requested https://www.who.int/westernpaci areas not accessible international assistance fic/emergencies/covid-19/pacific
Communities cut off because Any personnel wanting to enter Vanuatu, needs to go into 14- WHO Vanuatu site: of flooding and road damage day quarantine.1159 https://www.who.int/countries/vu t/en/ Due to COVID-19 concerns, International borders remain closed except for aid deliveries; foreign personnel not allowed Most deliveries to main airport at Port Vila WHO health country profile: into Vanuatu except to unload https://www.who.int/gho/countri relief Supplies arriving in Vanuatu are subject to stringent measures: es/vut/country_profiles/en/ all imported goods must enter via Bauerfield Airport, in Port A NZ MFAT flight carrying relief Vila; once removed from the plane, all items are unpacked and Vanuatu Ministry of Health: items and a helicopter arrived in disinfected; items are stored in containers for three days https://covid19.gov.vu/ Port Vila on 11 April; Australia before onward journey.1160 has also delivered relief; China COVID-19 Cases Database has delivered medical supplies To facilitate the movement of aid, the Government has eased https://github.com/CSSEGISandDa for COVID-19 response in-country travel restrictions and lifted restrictions on domestic ta/COVID-19 air and sea operations A new Government was formed https://coronavirus.j on 20 April, with a number of Total evacuation centers unclear but some schools are being hu.edu/map.html changes to ministerial used. portfolios.1158
SPECIAL SECTION – Tropical Cyclone Harold As of 14 May, 3,648 households had received shelter assistance. However, many more remain in need, as only 20% of households in severely damaged or destroyed categories have now received assistance.1161 Coronavirus restrictions and strict quarantines have slowed aid and equipment deployment. The Government of Vanuatu is not granting entry to foreigners, and mandating humanitarian cargo undergo strict health protocols that delay offloading by days.1162 TC Harold made landfall in Vanuatu on 6 APR on the island of Espiritu Santo, before affecting the Solomon Islands, Fiji and Tonga. Local media reported 2 people killed.1163 The northern province of Sanma was
1158 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/pacific-humanitarian-team-tropical-cyclone-harold-situation-report-9-21-april-2020 1159 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/pacific-humanitarian-team-tropical-cyclone-harold-situation-report-9-21-april-2020 1160 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/pacific-humanitarian-team-tropical-cyclone-harold-situation-report-12-final-7-may 1161 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/shelter-cluster-vanuatu-tc-harold-situation-report-no-7-14-may-2020 1162 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/pacific-islands-tropical-cyclone-harold-humanitarian-situation-report-no-3-reporting ; https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2020/05/21/coronavirus-humanitarian-aid-response#cyclone-amphan 1163 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vanuatu-australia-china/australia-aid-plane-to-vanuatu-delayed-as-chinese-plane-was-parked-at-port-vila-airport- idUSKCN21W10Q
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most affected, where 80-90% of the population has lost their homes due to the cyclone.1164 15 Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) had been deployed across Sanma, Penama and Malampa Provinces to provide basic health care and – together with the Food and Nutrition Cluster – to assess the nutrition situation and distribute nutrition supplements.1165 The Directors of the National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) and Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) say immediate priorities are Communication/ETC, Shelter, Food Security and WASH, while the biggest challenge are COVID-19 restrictions on movement.1166 The NDMO has organized 12 shipments of food and non-food items to affected areas since 10 April.1167 The Pacific Humanitarian Team (PHT) reports response by all sectors is ongoing throughout the most affected areas. However, due to coordination and logistical challenges, a comprehensive assessment of needs and gaps needs to be established. PHT estimates that only some 10 – 15% of people in need in Priority 1 areas have received assistance.1168 Radio New Zealand reports that around 18,000 people are still being housed in 272 evacuation centers.1169 The government says there are enough ships available to bring items to most affected areas in- country and to distribute relief, however, the importing of relief items is taking longer due to COVID-19. The government says the biggest challenge to this is the lack of testing capacity. The Director of the NDMO clarified that the National Disaster Committee defines the policy directions, the NDMO is the implementing body for relief, while MFA controls international assistance.1170 Rehabilitation efforts are continuing, according to the Pacific Humanitarian Team (PHT). In Luganville, the second biggest town in Vanuatu, water access has been restored in some areas, electricity has been partially restored (some 60%), and telecommunications reestablished.1171 The National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) has created eight on site Emergency Operation Centers (EOCs) within the affected provinces to support the NEOC in Port Vila.1172 The National Disaster Management Office (NDMO), is currently coordinating response to two other disaster events, the Tanna Ash Fall, and Teouma Flooding. Tanna Yasur Volcano ashfall: The NDMO has sent a first shipment of food supplies to the island of Tanna. The area has experienced ash fall as an ongoing disaster over the past fifteen years. Over 28,000 people are affected. The Tanna Yasur Volcano is currently at Alert Level 2 according to the Vanuatu Meteorological and Geo-Hazards Department (VMGD).1173 Teouma Flooding: Heavy rainfall over the last weekend caused flooding and affected the livelihood of people around Teouma Valley.1174
Disaster risk: The overall INFORM model risk ranking is 79 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk), with the three-year trend indicating Vanuatu’s risk has remained stable with natural disasters. Vanuatu is particularly exposed to cyclones, earthquakes, tsunami, and flooding.1175 Additionally, INFORM has released a
1164 https://reliefweb.int/report/fiji/tropical-cyclone-harold-and-covid-19-double-blow-pacific-islands 1165 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ROAP_Snapshot_200428.pdf 1166 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/pacific-humanitarian-team-tropical-cyclone-harold-situation-report-9-21-april-2020 1167 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/pacific-humanitarian-team-tropical-cyclone-harold-situation-report-12-final-7-may 1168 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/pacific-humanitarian-team-tropical-cyclone-harold-situation-report-12-final-7-may 1169 https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/416040/thousands-of-cyclone-victims-still-in-evacuation-centres-in-vanuatu 1170 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/pacific-humanitarian-team-tropical-cyclone-harold-situation-report-9-21-april-2020 1171 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/pacific-humanitarian-team-tropical-cyclone-harold-situation-report-9-21-april-2020 1172 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/ndmo-creates-site-emergency-operation-centers-eocs-assist-response-tc-harold 1173 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/ndmo-sends-first-shipment-food-supplies-tanna-ash-fall-victims 1174 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/pacific-humanitarian-team-tropical-cyclone-harold-situation-report-9-21-april-2020 1175 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic
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new COVID Risk Index, which identifies “countries at risk from health and humanitarian impacts of COVID-19 that could overwhelm current national response capacity.” Vanuatu is assessed as being in the “high” COVID risk class, based on a COVID-19 risk of 5.2 on a scale of 1-10, where a higher number indicates higher risk.1176
National organization response Vanuatu’s National Disaster Management Office (NDMO): https://ndmo.gov.vu/ The National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) is lead on the coordination of the COVID19-response while the Health Cluster leads the medical aspects of the operation.1177 New Zealand Joint Intelligence Fusion Center (JIFC) Contingency Summary on Vanuatu is accessible with a CAC: https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) As of 28 April, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is appealing for US$4 million to respond to urgent needs in Vanuatu in the aftermath of Category 5 TC Harold, which directly impacted over half of the country’s 272,000 residents.1178 The UN released US$2.5 million from the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) to aid the countries affected by TC Harold, including Vanuatu.1179 UNICEF provided two 6,000 liter water bladders, two 1,500 water bladders, 1,800 collapsible water containers, dignity kits for 500 households, as well as 11 rolls of tarpaulin; $40,000 funds and deployed a WASH engineer.1180 World Vision is in-country and expressing concerns that donations to Vanuatu for cyclone relief will decrease due to worldwide situation regarding the pandemic. Foreign Response: A New Zealand MFAT flight carrying relief supplies and a helicopter arrived on April 11 in Port Vila, followed by a plane from China, carrying medical equipment, including rapid test kits, donated by Guangdong province. A Royal Australian Air Force plane arrived on April 13, delivering relief supplies, as part of a US$2.6 million package.1181
Country-specific planning considerations
Evacuation Centers: Unclear how many at this time. Some schools are being utilized, but with many damaged, it is not clear what other structures could be used as evacuation centers in affected areas and how these would be managed with additional COVID-19 concerns. Schools used as evacuation centers may require additional support, including messaging and Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS), according to the PHT. GoV’s evacuation center guidelines can be found here: https://ndmo.gov.vu/resources/downloads/category/17-evacuation-centre-guidelines
Displaced Populations: An estimated 80,000 people have been displaced in Vanuatu.1182 Initial findings from an assessment by the Provincial Emergency Operation Center of Sanma Province indicate that an estimated 80 – 90% of the population lost their houses, and some 60% of schools and 20% of health centers may be damaged.1183 IOM will utilize its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) to collect critical information on
1176 https://data.humdata.org/organization/inform 1177 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/pacific-humanitarian-team-tropical-cyclone-harold-situation-report-9-21-april-2020 1178 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/iom-supports-vanuatu-response-dual-challenge-category-5-cyclone-covid-19 1179 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/un-emergency-funding-released-response-tropical-cyclone-harold 1180 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/pacific-humanitarian-team-tropical-cyclone-harold-situation-report-6-13-april-2020 1181 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vanuatu-australia-china/australia-aid-plane-to-vanuatu-delayed-as-chinese-plane-was-parked-at-port-vila-airport- idUSKCN21W10Q 1182 https://www.internal-displacement.org/expert-opinion/tropical-cyclone-harold-and-covid-19-a-double-blow-to-the-pacific-islands 1183 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/PHT%20Sitrep%206_TC%20Harold_13042020.pdf
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demographics and living conditions of displaced households, in order to prioritize assistance to the most vulnerable – children, the elderly, disabled people, and female-headed households.1184
Hospitals: 5 public hospitals. About 25 percent of health centers damaged from Harold, according to the UN. No bed information for hospitals, however, older WHO information shows 1.70 beds per 1,000. Extrapolated to the current population of 276,244 = approximately 470 beds.
Health: Small community-based system with mostly primary and preventative care. TC Harold: Medical teams have been deployed to perform assessments, conduct repairs of health centers and provide assistance. Teams have been deployed to Malo and inland Santo. Four Integrated Emergency Health kits (IEHK)-basic (1 kit for 1,000 people) and four midwifery kits have been distributed to Santo, Pentecost and Ambrym.1185 There are still risks of outbreaks of malaria and dengue as it is currently mosquito breeding season.
Security: According to the Pacific Humanitarian Team, there are concerns over the risk of domestic violence, theft, and lack of lighting in bathrooms to provide security to women and children in evacuation centers. Overcrowding in shelters and homes increases the risk of domestic violence. Additionally, Gender-based violence and sexual reproductive health services in/around evacuation centers should be conducted in gender segregation rooms for privacy. There is a need for female health staff. Return to TOC
1184 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/iom-supports-vanuatu-response-dual-challenge-category-5-cyclone-covid-19 1185 https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/pacific-humanitarian-team-tropical-cyclone-harold-situation-report-6-13-april-2020
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VIETNAM Return to TOC
COVID-19 Total Case Trend Planning Affected State Information Considerations Measures/Access Resources
Monsoon season is from Social isolation measures lifted 22 MOH COVID-19 web Vietnam COVID-19 Total Case Trend May to October. April with continued precautions site: (masks, limited # gatherings). https://ncov.moh.gov.v 400 Vietnam has experience Businesses/Public buses n/ dealing with SARS in resume.1188 Immigration offices 380 2003. opened 23 April. UNICEF Vietnam: 360 https://www.unicef.org 340 As of March 22, the The Prime Minister issued /vietnam/covid-19 320 government suspended Directive No. 19 on April 25 on entry to foreigners; Health Cooperation 300 measures to cope with COVID- Travelers who arrived 19.1189 Program for 2018-2019 280 prior have been subjected https://apps.who.int/iri 260 to 14-day quarantine. Schools reopened 4 May.1190 s/bitstream/handle/106 240 65/180224/ccsbrief_vn As of March 7, a health m_en.pdf;jsessionid=C0 220 Ho Chi Minh City allowed gyms to declaration is mandatory B6C45E103388FBC7C5F 200 reopen. The public gathering limit for all passengers was raised from 20 to 30 people. 6A6A83E4C41?sequenc entering; Government Schools in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh e=1 began testing for all City are expected to gradually people who have arrived WHO Vietnam resume classes from May 4.1191 0 Deaths – 328 confirmed cases as of 5 JUN from outside the country https://www.who.int/vi
since March 8.1186 etnam https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html High-risk localities consist of 12 All people in Vietnam provinces and cities: Ha Noi, Lao WHO Vietnam health
must wear face masks in Cai, Quang Ninh, Bac Ninh, Ninh profile public places and on Binh, Da Nang, Quang Nam, Binh https://www.who.int/c public transportation. 1187 Thuan, Khanh Hoa, Ho Chi Minh ountries/vnm/en/ City and Tay Ninh, and Ha Tinh.1192
Disaster risk: Overall INFORM model risk ranking is 91 out of 191 countries (lower number indicates higher risk). A 3-yr trend indicates stable risk. Additionally, Vietnam’s INFORM COVID-19 risk is 3.8/10 (higher number indicates higher risk) and its COVID-19 risk class is “medium.”1193 Common natural hazards include flooding, landslides, droughts, typhoons, volcanoes, and earthquakes.1194 Since 22 April 2020, heavy rain, strong winds, and thunderstorms have been affecting north and central Vietnam, triggering floods. 3 people have died, 13 have been injured, and about 6,000 houses have been damaged, with Ha Giang Province being the worst-affected.1195 Since late 2019, severe drought and saltwater intrusion conditions have significantly affected people in the Mekong Delta region.1196
1186 https://vn.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/covid-19-information/ 1187 https://vn.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/covid-19-information/ 1188 https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/how-vietnam-sucessfully-contained-covid-19.html/ 1189 https://vn.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/covid-19-information/ 1190 https://finance.yahoo.com/news/asia-today-no-cases-n-023134743.html 1191 https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/coronavirus-asia-asean-live-updates-by-country/ 1192 http://news.chinhphu.vn/Home/Govt-extends-social-distancing-for-at-least-one-week-in-28-localities/20204/39735.vgp 1193 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index/INFORM-Epidemic 1194 https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index 1195 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ROAP_Snapshot_200428.pdf 1196 https://reliefweb.int/report/viet-nam/viet-nam-drought-and-saltwater-intrusion-office-resident-coordinator-flash-update-1
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National organization response Ha Noi ended 28 day lock down on 6 May to contain transmission of resident confirmed positive. The country has reported zero new transmission cases for past 20 days.1197 The Ministry of Health (MOH) has positioned 90,000 doctors (existing and retired) and 125,000 nurses for the COVID-19 response. Up to 3,000 ventilators have been equipped at medical facilities across the nation.1198 The government has also called upon 1,800 final year medical university students to assist.1199
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) is the lead Disaster Management Agency and presides over the Vietnam Disaster Management Authority (VNDMA). MARD is the Chairman of the Central Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Control (CCNDPC). The National Committee for Incident, Disaster Response, Search and Rescue (VINASARCOM) is responsible to conduct Search and Rescue (SAR) operations and is the Military Unit in Vietnam for Incident Command in the event that the disaster requires military support.1200
On 1 April, Vietnam’s PM declared a national pandemic and launched a nation-wide social distancing campaign. On 15 April, the social distancing was extended for another week in 12 cities and provinces categorized as high- risk. While social distancing measures have been loosened in other localities, all residents are still required to wear masks, avoid mass gathering and practice strict hygiene standards.1201
Schools reopened 4 May, with students required to wear masks and have their temperatures checked before entry.1202 Total confirmed COVID-19 cases have held relatively steady in the 268-271 range since 16 April.1203 Additionally, public beaches in several cities and provinces reopened with social distancing restrictions and some tourism activities have resumed.1204 On 7 May, the health ministry reported 17 new cases, all of which were imported with repatriating Vietnamese citizens.1205
The U.S. has provided an aid package to combat COVID-19 of US$9.5 million.1206
CFE-DM Vietnam Disaster Management Reference Handbook: https://www.cfe- dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=A_0GcYgID20%3d&portalid=0
Humanitarian community response (UN, NGOs, IFRC/Red Cross National Society) UNICEF coordinates closely with WHO and other UN agencies in planning and implementation of the UNCT COVID-19 Support Plan. UNICEF also is also reaching out to international multilateral agencies including the World Bank, IMF and ADB for joint work on the rapid assessment, monitoring surveillance and sectoral responses.1207 On 3 APR, UN Population Fund (UNFPA) delivered supplies, including 7,000 bottles of sanitizers, to the MOH, which health officials distributed in Hanoi.1208 The WHO provided an outbreak investigation tool for field
1197 http://news.chinhphu.vn/Home/Ha-Noi-lifts-lockdown-on-COVID19-hotspot/20205/39998.vgp 1198 http://news.chinhphu.vn/Home/Health-sector-mobilizes-all-medical-staffs-for-COVID19-combat/20203/39323.vgp 1199 https://reliefweb.int/report/viet-nam/novartis-contributes-275000-usaid-s-improving-access-curriculum-and-teaching-medical 1200 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=A_0GcYgID20%3d&portalid=0 1201 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNICEF%20Viet%20Nam%20COVID-19%20Situation%20Report%20No.2%20-%206- 22%20April%202020.pdf 1202 https://finance.yahoo.com/news/asia-today-no-cases-n-023134743.html 1203 https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 1204 https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/coronavirus-asia-asean-live-updates-by-country/ 1205 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-vietnam-idUSKBN22J1RG 1206 https://vovworld.vn/en-US/news/us-grants-vietnam-95-million-usd-to-combat-covid19-855524.vov 1207 https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNICEF%20Viet%20Nam%20COVID-19%20Situation%20Report%20No.2%20-%206- 22%20April%202020.pdf 1208 https://reliefweb.int/report/viet-nam/infection-control-supplies-delivered-viet-nam-maternal-health-facilities-amid-covid
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data collection during outbreaks of infectious diseases;1209 launched two eLearning courses on the management of coronavirus;1210 and provided laboratory supplies required to detect COVID-19.1211 UNICEF Viet Nam (VCO) has developed a cross-sectoral preparedness and response plan to support the Government which covers 5 priority areas.1212 Viet Nam Red Cross (VNRC): Partnering with government and business to raise funds to purchase health equipment for doctors and policemen.1213USAID through WHO recently contributed new resources for laboratory strengthening, allowing more than 20 laboratories the capability of testing COVID-19 specimens.1214 As of 13 MAY, VNRC has raised 30 billion VND (1.27 million USD) for COVID-19 response, and distributed over 2,479,555 medical masks, 362,815 soaps and hand sanitizers, 5,540 PPE clothing and cash to 8,912 people.1215
Country-specific planning considerations
Evacuation Centers: Exact numbers and locations are unknown. Military-run centers across the country host tens of thousands of returnees. Those with symptoms are sent to hospitals, others are required to stay in the centers for 14 days. Foreigners are quarantined in state-run facilities or hotels.12161217 Vietnam’s military is expanding its facilities to house 60,000 people. Ho Chi Minh City is converting dormitories at Vietnam National University into a 20,000-bed quarantine zone, which will increase the municipality’s capacity to 23,800 people, including 1,500 beds at two facilities under the military.1218
Displaced Populations: No current data available. In 2017, 633,000 were displaced by disasters.1219
Hospitals: US Embassy list of clinics and hospitals in Hanoi: https://vn.usembassy.gov/wp- content/uploads/sites/40/LIST-OF-HOSPITALS.pdf; List of clinics and hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City: https://vn.usembassy.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/40/List-of-Clinics-and-Hospitals.pdf National Hospital for Tropical Diseases: http://benhnhietdoi.vn/
Health: On 14 MAY, Vietnam reported 24 new COVID-19 cases, bringing the total to 312. All the new cases were imported, involving Vietnamese citizens returning from Russia, who were placed in quarantine. As of 14 MAY, Vietnam has gone 29 days with no domestically transmitted infections, per the health ministry.1220 On 13 MAY, Vietnam had reported 252 of its COVID-19 patients had recovered with no deaths.1221 The healthcare system has a mixture of public and private services. Private hospitals are increasing and they provide more than 60% of outpatient services. Healthcare facilities in Vietnam are divided into four levels: Level I hospitals include central hospitals owned by the MOH and city hospitals owned by municipalities. Level II, III, and IV hospitals are owned by local provincial governments.1222 Vietnam battles vaccine preventable diseases such as measles, diphtheria, pertussis, and hepatitis B. Epidemic surveillance and response systems need improvement. Vietnam is also affected by dengue, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis.1223 Return to TOC
1209 https://www.who.int/vietnam/news/detail/23-03-2020-viet-nam-adopts-who-outbreak-investigation-tool-for-covid-19-other-infectious-diseases 1210 https://www.who.int/vietnam/news/detail/20-03-2020-who-offers-free-online-covid-19-courses-in-vietnamese 1211 https://www.who.int/vietnam/news/detail/25-02-2020-who-backs-viet-nam-s-laboratory-resources-for-covid-19-detection 1212 https://reliefweb.int/report/viet-nam/unicef-viet-nam-country-office-covid-19-situation-report-no-1-reporting-period-1 1213 https://www.vir.com.vn/sendo-and-vietnam-red-cross-join-hands-to-beat-covid-19-75408.html 1214 https://reliefweb.int/report/viet-nam/usaid-s-sustained-support-enables-covid-19-ready-public-health-laboratories-vietnam 1215 https://reliefweb.int/report/viet-nam/vietnam-red-cross-covid-19-response-weekly-update-6-13-may-2020 1216 https://theaseanpost.com/article/tourists-quarantined-vietnam-virus-spreads 1217 https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/health-environment/article/3076734/coronavirus-life-inside-vietnams-army-run-quarantine 1218 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-19/vietnam-is-increasing-quarantine-capacity-to-house-60-000-people 1219 https://www.refworld.org/topic,50ffbce526e,50ffbce5274,5b28b7392,0,,,VNM.html 1220 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-vietnam-idUSKBN22R03R 1221 https://reliefweb.int/report/viet-nam/vietnam-red-cross-covid-19-response-weekly-update-6-13-may-2020 1222 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=A_0GcYgID20%3d&portalid=0 1223 https://www.cfe-dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=A_0GcYgID20%3d&portalid=0
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General Planning Considerations Return to TOC
COVID-19 has added another layer of complexity and threatens to exacerbate current humanitarian situations:
• South-East Asia is approaching hurricane season. Usually persons affected by hurricanes would flee to overcrowded temporary shelters, community centers and schools -- which would contradict social distancing and lockdowns under COVID-19, leaving response weakened and making early warning systems vital. • Travel restrictions, humanitarian staff downsizing, and worries over duty of care (there are no medevac guarantees), make responding to “a sudden-onset emergency a real concern” for humanitarian actors. • Local NGOs and informal groups of citizens are taking action and supporting their communities. Humanitarians are working to track rumors in various contexts, this is being done to ensure understanding on how the virus is being understood within communities and develop messaging to tackle misinformation that can put communities at harm. • Many governments are closing air and land borders to all but military personnel and cargo. The suspension of both commercial and cargo flights to and from the countries is likely to impact humanitarian operations. • Confinement and administrative barriers to movement to limit the spread of COVID-19 has in several operations stigmatized foreign aid workers to be perceived as virus transmitters. • Armed groups are taking advantage of COVID-19 and scaling up attacks, forcing people to flee and critically reducing humanitarian access. Several operations are reporting fears that temporary measures to respond to the virus are being, or could be, used to restrict humanitarian access. • Cyber attacks on COVID-19 medical facilities have started and could continue. Attacks on medical staff have been noted in India and the Philippines. • Applying basic COVID-19 precautions in internal displacement camps and sites is proving very challenging due to overcrowding, makeshift shelters, lack of adequate health, water, sanitation and difficulty in implementing physical distancing. Moreover, management of isolation and shielding centers, in line with the health and shelter guidelines, is proving to be a major challenge in many operations. • One challenge is how to avoid stigmatization and discrimination affecting those being tested or admitted to the centers. The risk of children being separated from their parents in relation to isolation processes. • Some donors and supporters have been quick to reinforce their sustained support and commitment to enabling the work of NGOs and other actors. • Banned public transport nationwide and restrictions on travel to and from towns and cities with confirmed cases have also been introduced, leaving aid groups unsure how they are going to access people in need. • Limited and discriminatory access to services, including health, is reported across several operations, as well as stigmatization of people and communities accused of carrying the virus. • Many operations reported that women and children continue to face risks of physical and domestic violence due to lockdowns and curfews.
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• The UN World Food Programme (WFP) warns that COVID-19 could almost double the number of people facing hunger in the world. The socio-economic impact of COVID-19 could push an additional 130 million people into crisis levels of hunger. That would be in addition to 135 million who are already facing crisis levels of hunger due to droughts, flooding and violence limiting their access to food. • Using a new clause in its grant agreements, the US Agency for International Development (USAID) will require aid agencies to get prior approval to buy key items of personal protective equipment (PPE) or ventilators, according to a 29 April report.1224
Logistical Considerations
Access Diplomatic Clearances? – J43 to expedite with US Embassy Expedited customs processes? – RFI to J43 for assistance Are there any port (sea or air) operational limitations due to manning or facility operating statuses? (Fuel ops, MHE, daylight/nighttime ops, etc.) Do U.S. forces need to provide own support? – K-Loaders, generators, light sets, CL IV barrier material for security.
Logistics Approved ports of entry – air and sea Prioritize or designate purpose if more than one What capability exists at ports of entry: Storage (Covered, refrigerated and/or controlled (CL VIII) medical supplies, and open cargo yard) Security of space provided Material Handling Equipment (MHE) – what and how much is available? Operational status if available. Are there competing requirements for this equipment? Recommend MHE be prioritized in first lifts – to support movement and organization of throughput. Lighting Power – both generated and available (transformer requirements) Communication CL III Bulk and packaged – are facilities operational? What capacity and percentage of availability? Disaster remains pouches – are they needed? Refrigerated containers (existing or built) for expeditionary morgue requirements? Ground movement support routes – from ports to key operational sites. Security requirements? Operational Contract Support (OCS) requirements – the INDOPACOM OCS Working Group (BRWG event) – is it operational? Need to leverage them. Life Support Requirements – base ops at air and seaports. LSA requirements – tents, cots, water, wastewater management, electricity, security, field sanitation, etc. (to include dis-infecting LSA and workspaces). Engineer requirements. Is the Joint Engineer Working Group (JEWG) operational? What is the guidance for HAZWASTE management?
1224 https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2020/04/29/USAID-bans-masks-and-gloves-NGO- grants?utm_source=The+New+Humanitarian&utm_campaign=ca37d3bd90- EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_04_29_2020_DAILY&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_d842d98289-ca37d3bd90-75574133
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Disposition instructions for property book equipment that is contaminated and cannot be effectively sanitized/cleaned. SDDC – port access, capacity, and status. Joint Port Opening (JPO) – is it needed or available – sea and/or port ops.
Refer to the Logistics Cluster website for latest updates from UN and NGOs (https://logcluster.org/COVID-19)
CDC Level 3 Travel Health Notice: Widespread ongoing transmission with entry restrictions to the U.S. CDC recommends that travelers avoid all nonessential travel to the following destinations. Most foreign nationals who have been in one of these countries during the previous 14 days will not be allowed to enter the U.S.
WHO definition: Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included. WHO has little information on the “capability” of these beds. A “bed” by the U.S. standard is not the same by international standards.
General References
COVID-19 case trends source data: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19
IATA global travel restrictions: https://www.iatatravelcentre.com/international-travel-document- news/1580226297.htm
Coronavirus: Travel restrictions, border shutdowns by country – Al Jazeera listing: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/coronavirus-travel-restrictions-border-shutdowns-country- 200318091505922.html
UN WFP travel restrictions dashboard: http://unwfp.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/db5b5df309ac4f10bfd36145a6f8880e
Agility global shipping restriction updates: https://www.agility.com/insights/COVID19/homepage/
Operational Considerations for Managing COVID-19 Cases or Outbreak in Aviation: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331488/WHO-2019-nCoV-Aviation-2020.1-eng.pdf
COVID-19 Live Global Case Tracker: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
PDC Global COVID-19 Dashboard: https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/5a1a5e640d844571a29f346f0ae0eefa
CFE-DM case study on Medical diplomacy: US Military medicine in HADR: https://www.cfe- dmha.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=JvsqZxzkdMo%3d&portalid=0
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