August 16 SEVEN DEADLY SINS “What Is Envy/Jealousy”
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
SELF-AFFIRMATION AS an ENVY-REDUCING INTERVENTION I
Running head: SELF-AFFIRMATION AS AN ENVY-REDUCING INTERVENTION i How do you solve a problem like my envy? Self-affirmation as a potential envy-reducing intervention by Darren Christopher Neufeld A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Psychology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright © 2017 by Darren Christopher Neufeld SELF-AFFIRMATION AS AN ENVY-REDUCING INTERVENTION ii Abstract Envy is a toxic emotion detrimental to one's health and wellbeing (Smith, Combs, & Thielke, 2008), yet few studies have suggested and none have evaluated possible envy-reducing strategies. Self-affirmation has been shown to reduce the impact of self-integrity threats and defensive processing (Cohen & Sherman, 2014), suggesting likely benefit when applied to envy. The present study (N = 209) examined whether completing a brief self-affirmation value essay (Cohen, Aronson, & Steele, 2000) attenuated student participants' self-reported envy feelings and potentially envy-motivated aggressive behaviour (non-cooperation) toward an ostensibly smarter and financially advantaged rival student in the laboratory, relative to a no-affirmation control condition. A one-month follow-up study (N = 169) investigated whether the self-affirmation intervention (vs. control) promoted durable effects in daily life, such as when recalling an intense past-month instance of envy. Potential mediators (self-construal, mood) were examined to illuminate mechanisms underlying self-affirmation effects. Prospective moderators (dispositional envy, self-compassion, vulnerable and grandiose narcissism, self-esteem, entitlement, and sex) were assessed to determine whether individuals most psychologically vulnerable to envy threat derived greater benefit from the intervention. -
Beyond 'Selfies': an Epidemic of Acquired Narcissism
From the Editor Beyond ‘selfies’: An epidemic of acquired narcissism Narcissism has an evil reputation. equals. They also seem to be incapable But is it justified? A modicum of of experiencing shame as they inflate their self-importance and megalomania narcissism is actually healthy. It can at the expense of those they degrade. bolster self-confidence, assertive- They cannot tolerate any success by oth- ness, and success in business and in ers because it threatens to overshadow Henry A. Nasrallah, MD their own exaggerated achievements. the sociobiology of mating. Perhaps Editor-in-Chief They can be mercilessly harsh towards that’s why narcissism as a trait has a their underlings. They are incapable of survival value from an evolutionary fostering warm, long-term loving rela- perspective. tionships, where bidirectional respect is essential. Their lives often are replete Taking an excessive number of “selfies” with brief, broken-up relationships ‘Acquired narcissism’ with a smartphone is probably the most because they emotionally, physically, or that comes from fame common and relatively benign form sexually abuse their intimate partners. of mild narcissism (and not in DSM-5, Primary NPD has been shown in can lead celebrities to yet). Narcissistic personality disorder twin studies to be highly genetic, and start believing they are (NPD), with a prevalence of 1%, is on more strongly heritable than 17 other the extreme end of the narcissism con- personality dimensions.1 It is also indeed superior to the tinuum. It has become tainted with such resistant to any effective psychother- rest of us mortals an intensely negative halo that it has apeutic, pharmacologic, or somatic become a despised trait, an insult, and treatments. -
Egoism and Altruism: the “Antagonists” Or the “Brothers”?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by InfinityPress Journal of Studies in Social Sciences ISSN 2201-4624 Volume 7, Number 2, 2014, 164-188 Egoism and Altruism: the “Antagonists” or the “Brothers”? Levit L. Z., Ph. D. The Centre for Psychological Health and Education, Minsk, Belarus Abstract. The article under consideration deals with the theoretical analysis and the practical research of the ratio between the two notions: egoism and altruism. The author shows the inadequacy of the one-sided, morally loaded interpretations of both terms. The scores of two ESM-investigations mostly show the positive correlation between the “egoism” and the “altruism” scales in a person’s everyday activity. The results obtained give the opportunity to replace the inadequate view on egoism and altruism as opposites by a more appropriate metaphor of the older and the younger brother. Such an approach removes the idea of antagonism which is usually ascribed to the egoism-altruism interrelation. Key words: egoism, altruism, meaning, happiness, personal uniqueness, positive psychology. © Copyright 2014 the authors. 164 Journal of Studies in Social Sciences 165 Person-oriented conception of happiness: introduction and the brief explanation. In the years 2006 – 2012 the author (Leonid Levit) elaborated a synthesizing conception of self-realization and happiness, which is based on the ideas of the systemic approach and combines biological, psychological, social and spiritual (the highest) levels of individual life and activity. The results of our seven-year work on the problem are summarized in five monographs (Levit, 2010; 2011a; 2011c; 2012 a; 2013 c) and articles (Levit, 2009; 2011 b, 2012 b, 2012 c; 2013 a; 2013 b; 2013 e; Levit, Radchikova, 2012 a). -
Conceptual Challenge to Understand Envy: a Review
Journal of IMS Group Malik Journal of IMS Group Vol. 13, No. 1, January - June 2016, pp. 25-37 Conceptual Challenge to Understand Envy: A Review Sangeeta Malik Abstract Envy is a universal aspect of everyday life. We only reluctantly acknowledge the inhibiting and destructive aspects of this emotion in the workplace. The author has examined the conceptual challenges associated with studying envy. This conceptual paper attempts to clarify the concept of envy for business research from a situational perspective. Thereto, it integrates research on envy from various scientific disciplines i.e., from philosophy, anthropology, evolutionary and social psychology to political thought and introduces a novel, conceptually distinction in the four notions of envy, proper, benign envy, spite, and jealousy. Considering the power and ubiquity of envy, envy implies hostility, we generally view it as a dangerous emotion, capable of disrupting interpersonal relations and triggering hostility, Thereby, it lays the groundwork for further analysis of the phenomenon of envy in business research. Key words: Envy, Jealousy, Conceptualization. INTRODUCTION Envy is an unpleasant, often painful emotion characterizes by feelings of inferiority, hostility, and resentment produced by an awareness of another person or group of persons who enjoy a desired possession (object, social position, attribute, or quality of being; e.g. Parrott, 1991; Parrott & Smith, 1993). Envy, however, creates a drive in people to try and outdo their peers. Envy derives from a mix of emotional insecurity competitiveness, resentment and dissatisfaction with a situation. The resentment comes from a belief that others have something that we ourselves think we should have or are capable of attaining. -
ICD-11 Diagnostic Guidelines Stress Disorders 2020 07 21
Pre-Publication Draft; not for citation or distribution 1 ICD-11 DIAGNOSTIC GUIDELINES Disorders Specifically Associated with Stress Note: This document contains a pre-publication version of the ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for Disorders Specifically Associated with Stress. There may be further edits to these guidelines prior to their publication. Table of Contents DISORDERS SPECIFICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS ...................................... 2 6B40 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ............................................................................ 3 6B41 Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ............................................................. 8 6B42 Prolonged Grief Disorder .................................................................................... 12 6B43 Adjustment Disorder ........................................................................................... 15 6B44 Reactive Attachment Disorder ............................................................................ 17 6B45 Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder .......................................................... 20 6B4Y Other Specified Disorders Specifically Associated with Stress ......................... 22 QE84 Acute Stress Reaction ......................................................................................... 23 © WHO Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse 2020 Pre-Publication Draft; not for citation or distribution 2 DISORDERS SPECIFICALLY ASSOCIATED WITH STRESS Disorders Specifically Associated with Stress -
The Changes of Dorian's Personality to Be Narcissistic Caused by His
The Changes of Dorian’s Personality to be Narcissistic Caused by His Environment Reflected in Oscar Wilde’s Novel The Picture of Dorian Gray SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE BY IRMA OEMAYA NIM 0811110048 STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA MALANG 2013 This is to certify that the Sarjana thesis of Irma Oemaya has been approved by the Board of Supervisors. Malang, 1 Agustus 2013 Supervisor Juliati, M.Hum. NIP. Malang, 21 June 2013 Co-supervisor Fredy Nugroho S, M.Hum The Changes of Dorian’s Personality to be Narcissistic Caused by His Environment Reflected in Oscar Wilde’s Novel The Picture of Dorian Gray Irma Oemaya Study Program of English, Faculty of Culture Studies, Universitas Brawijaya Abstract God creates human with the biological aspect as the foundation that build someone from the body, personality, character, etc, and biological is not the only factor that build some one’s character. There are some key factors, which provoke particular changes in human character, and these aspects can be divided into two groups, internal and external. Everyone has different personality and character, and they also have bad side and good side inside them, which is the most strongest side will be seen clearly as they wants. The Picture of Dorian Gray is a novel with uncommon theme or supernatural thing. Yet the real theme which is going to be analyzed deal with the change Dorian’s character a handsome young man from innocent nature into an evily selfish person. Dorian Gray was a pure man until his meeting with Lord Henry brought him to realize that beauty is everything. -
Narcissistic Personality Disorder – Has It Become an Epidemic? 3 CE Hours
Chapter 7: Narcissistic Personality Disorder – Has It Become an Epidemic? 3 CE Hours By: Kathryn Brohl, MA, LMFT Learning objectives Upon completion of this course, the learner should be able to: Describe at least three relationship characteristics of individuals Define narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) as it relates to the with NPD. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders, Identify at least five diagnostic criteria for NPD as they relate to Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (2013). the DSM-5. Identify personality disorder as it relates to the DSM-5. Recognize challenges to treating individuals with NPD. Compare NPD to other Cluster B Personality Disorders, outlined Describe treatment for individuals with NPD. in the Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders, Fifth Edition, Compare and describe ICD Revision 10 personality disorder (2013). criteria to DSM-5 personality disorder criteria. Explain the male and female prevalence of NPD. Explain how NPD affects relationships. Introduction Narcissism has been examined by mental health professionals for years, society is more accepting of persons with NPD, or does the trend in and yet something has occurred recently within our society that seems to cultivating entitlement as it relates to expressing one’s opinions and have blurred narcissism traits with the clinical diagnosis of narcissistic behaviors more loudly simply mean that people are feeling more personality disorder (NPD) and accepted societal behavior. Recently, a empowered? And as a result, are people becoming desensitized to the shift has occurred in shared cultural values toward narcissism and self- feelings of others? Furthermore, are mental health professionals seeing admiration and some of these traits have become social norms. -
The Influence of Body-Related Envy on Psychophysiological Response of Stress in Young Women
The Influence of Body-Related Envy on Psychophysiological Response of Stress In Young Women by Eva Pila BSc. Kinesiology, McMaster University (2011) A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in Graduate Department of Exercise Sciences UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO ©Eva Pila, 2013 112 THE INFLUENCE OF BODY-RELATED ENVY ON PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF STRESS IN YOUNG WOMEN Master of Science 2013 Eva Pila Department of Exercise Science University of Toronto Abstract Body-related envy is an understudied emotion that may be linked with adverse psychophysiological outcomes such as stress (Smith & Kim, 2007). The purpose of this study was to explore body-related envy and psychophysiological response of stress among young adult females. Participants (N = 47; Mage = 21.6 ± 1.8 yrs) completed a weeklong assessment of phenomenological body-related envy, trait body image constructs and an acute laboratory stress- induction task. Findings support the hypothesis that negative body image constructs predict experiences of body-related envy (R2 = 0.17 - 0.54), and that envy can be reliability assessed using phenomenological ratings. Body-related envy was a significant predictor of psychological appraisals of stress (R2 = 0.24 - 0.31), but the proposed associations with physiological stress were not supported. Considering the adverse health outcomes associated with envy (Smith, et al., 1999) and stress (Anderson, 1998), this study has important implications for women’s psychological and physical health. ii Acknowledgements I wish to thank, first and foremost, my Master’s supervisor, Dr. Catherine Sabiston. Thank you for providing me with countless learning opportunities and continued support to pursue my passions. -
Envy and Jealousy As Discrete Emotions: a Taxometric Analysis
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology Psychology, Department of March 1996 Envy and Jealousy as Discrete Emotions: A Taxometric Analysis Nick Haslam [email protected] Brian H. Bornstein University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/psychfacpub Part of the Psychiatry and Psychology Commons Haslam, Nick and Bornstein, Brian H., "Envy and Jealousy as Discrete Emotions: A Taxometric Analysis" (1996). Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology. 189. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/psychfacpub/189 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Psychology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Motivation and Emotion, 20:3 (1996), pp. 255–272. Copyright © 1996 Plenum Publishing Corporation/Springer Netherlands. http://www.springerlink.com/content/1573-6644/ Used by permission. Envy and Jealousy as Discrete Emotions: A Taxometric Analysis 1 Nick Haslam 2 New School for Social Research Brian H. Bornstein Louisiana State University Envy and jealousy may differ in kind or only by degree. In a study of emotion episodes re- called by 291 subjects, two forms of taxometric analysis were used to test between cat- egorical and dimensional models of the two emotions. The two emotions yielded strong convergent evidence of discreteness, and commonly cooccurred. However, although sub- jects rated their episode to contain similar levels of “envy” and “jealousy,” both terms were equally correlated with the presence of envy features and neither term was corre- lated substantially with the presence of jealousy features. -
Increasing Prosocial Behavior and Decreasing Selfishness in the Lab
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Increasing prosocial behavior and decreasing selfshness in the lab and everyday life Andrew T. Gloster1*, Marcia T. B. Rinner1 & Andrea H. Meyer2 The tension between selfshness and prosocial behavior is crucial to understanding many social interactions and conficts. Currently little is known how to promote prosocial behaviors, especially in naturally occurring relationships outside the laboratory. We examined whether a psychological micro- intervention would promote prosocial behaviors in couples. Across two studies, we randomized dyads of couples to a micro-intervention (15 min), which increased prosocial behaviors by 28% and decreased selfsh behaviors by 35% a week later in behavioral games in a dose–response manner. Using event sampling methodology, we further observed an increase in prosocial behaviors across one week that was most pronounced in participants who received the intervention. These results from the laboratory and everyday life are important for researchers interested in prosocial behavior and selfshness and have practical relevance for group interactions. Humans are capable of prosocial and cooperative behaviors to a degree that is unique among animals. Tis capac- ity is believed to have substantially contributed to human’s evolutionary advantage 1–3. Humans are also capable of tremendous selfshness, self-interest, and cruelty. Te tension between our prosocial and selfsh tendencies is inherent in many laws and is crucial to understanding social interactions and societal conficts. Given its centrality, the tension between prosocial and more selfsh behaviors has been discussed from numer- ous viewpoints. Diferent theoretical and methodological assumptions lead to diferent operationalizations of prosocial and selfsh behaviors. Within the laboratory, one of the most widely utilized operationalizations are behavioral games. -
Narcissism and Social Networking Sites: the Act of Taking Selfies by Taylor M
Narcissism and Social Networking Sites: The Act of Taking Selfies by Taylor M. Wickel— 5 Narcissism and Social Networking Sites: The Act of Taking Selfies Taylor M. Wickel Strategic Communications Elon University Abstract This study focused on why the act of taking selfies and posting them to the Internet is a factor leading to an increase in narcissistic and selfish behaviors. This study examined whether the Millennial Generation believes the selfie phenomenon is a contributor to the rise in narcissism.A 12-item survey was administered to 93 female college participants. A single open-ended question asked whether respondents found their behavior in posting selfies to be narcissistic. This study found that 55% of participants agreed that posting of selfies to different social networking platforms encouraged their narcissism and selfish behaviors. I. Introduction Named Word of the Year in 2013 by the Oxford English Dictionary, the term “selfie” has become ubiq- uitous in the vocabulary of nearly every teen and young adult in the technological world. A selfie is defined as “a photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically one taken with a smartphone or webcam and shared via social media” (Oxford Dictionary, 2013). For the Millennial Generation (Gen Y), the act of taking selfies and overall usage of various social media platforms are an integral part of life. The Millennial Generation’s com- fort with social platforms has given this specific age group a more positive view of how social media might be affecting their lives. Studies, however, link social media use in young adults to various behavior development issues (Noor Al-Deen & Hendricks, 2012). -
The Sin of Selfishness in Genesis
The Sin Of Selfishness In Genesis “In the beginning…” Page !1 Lesson 1 - Forbidden Fruit: Understanding Our Selfish Nature Introduction: What God created was good. So how did things go wrong? What happened is sin entered the world, and at the heart of sin is selfishness. Sin happens when we elevate self ahead of God. We are going to do what we want to do, regardless of what God has said. The story of Genesis is, at least in part, the record of what happened to God’s good world when his creation rebelled against him and the root cause: selfishness. But the story of Genesis is not all sad. There are some notable bright spots in it that shine for us. And what we find is that when people do good and noble things, it is because they have forgotten self. They have given up on pleasing themselves and have instead sought to please God above all else. To begin our study, we must go all the way back to the fountainhead, to the selfish act that got everything started: when Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit. Understanding why they ate this fruit helps us understand a lot about ourselves. Story: Read Genesis 2:4-17. What two special trees are listed in verse 9? How does the record describe the other trees in the garden in verse 9? What prohibition was given in verse 17? Read Genesis 3:1-7. What did the serpent ask Eve in verse 1? What seed of doubt did the serpent plant in verse 5? Why did Eve eat the fruit according to verse 6? How is there selfishness seen in the reasons stated? Page !2 Read Genesis 3:8-13.