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French Revolution Collection Acknowledgements UBC LIBRARY FRENCH REVOLUTION COLLECTION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This catalogue has been prepared by Juliette Christie, Marilyse Turgeon-Solis and Joël Castonguay-Bélanger (Department of French, Hispanic & Italians Studies), with the generous assistance of Chelsea Shriver (UBC Library, Rare Books and Special Collections). All images come from the French Revolution Digital Archive (FRDA), a multi-year collaboration of the Stanford University Libraries and the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF). The archive can be ac- cessed at https://frda.stanford.edu Design and layout by Celine Diaz Edited by Emanuela Guerra EXHIBITION LOCATION UBC Library, Rare Books and Special Collections Irving K. Barber Learning Centre 1961 East Mall Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1 PARTNERS Cover images — top right to bottom left: Unattributed. It is to be hoped that at last the game will end the author in the field: [print], 1789. 1 est. : etching, coul. ; 20 x 14.5 cm (trc) Notice and catalog number of the Bibliothèque nationale de France [Paris]. https://purl.stanford.edu/cy834pb1780. Anonyme, Freedom of the Press [print] , [n.d.]. Bibliothèque nationale de France website. Picture reference: 01-022649 / Prints. Unattributed. [Eh! therefore coco] [print] , [1792]. 1 is. : etching, tools, monochr. bistre; 14,5 x 9,5 cm (trc) Notice and catalog number of the Bibliothèque nationale de France [Paris]. https://purl. stanford.edu/jj725bk9245. Alix, Pierre-Michel, Garnerey, Jean-François. Jean-Paul Marat [print] , [1793]. 1 is. : etching, tools, coul. locating; 41 x 30 cm (original print) Notice and catalog number of the Bibliothèque nationale de France In Paris. https://purl.stanford.edu/jn967pc9653. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Part I 1789 8 Part II The Political Power of the Printing Press 15 Part III Revolution in Music and on Stage 22 Part IV The Final Days of Louis XVI PART I: Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, Pétition 1 des citoyens domiciliés à Paris du 8 décembre 1788, [s.l.] [s.n.] 1788. 1789 [Petition of Citizens Domiciled in Paris from the 8th of December 1788] With the announcement of the Image: Unattributed. The aristocratic Hydra this male and female monster has only human convocation of the Estates-General heads; its naturalness is ferocious, barbarous, in July of 1788, questions of sanguinary; he repents only of blood, tears, and the sustenance of the unfortunate; he seeks representation and suffrage pertaining on all sides to invade, to satisfy his ambition to the Third Estate enflamed debates. and his insatiable greed ...: [print], [1789]. 1 is. : etching, coul. ; 17.5 x 27 cm (trc) Notice Prior to this date, each of the three and catalog number of the Bibliothèque nationale de France [Paris]. https://purl. orders (Nobility, Clergy and the Third stanford.edu/cj802rv3862. Estate) enjoyed their own voice at 1 FRENCH REVOLUTION COLLECTION the time of voting, a process which in favour of the death penalty guaranteed a majority comprised by decapitation. He pleaded for of the two privileged orders. humanitarian treatment of the Joseph-Ignace Guillotin (1738- condemned, treatment which he 1814) participated in these debates, argued would reduce agony and militating in favour of a more fair curtail suffering. The machine that and equitable representation for the would equalize all people on the Third Estate. In 1788 he penned a scaffold was named after him: the tract, Pétition des citoyens domiciliés guillotine. à Paris (or Pétition Guillotin) wherein, among other things, he demanded: 1. that the number of Anonyme, Aperçu rapide et representatives of the Third 2 impartial d’un gentilhomme Estate be at least equal to sur la grande question qui agite that of the total number of les esprits français [...] au sujet representatives of both other du nombre de représentants que orders combined; celui-ci doit fournir aux états- généraux, [s.l.], [s.n.], 1788. 2. that at every vote, voices be tallied by head count rather than [A Gentleman’s Brief and by order. Impartial Consideration of the Question that Perturbs French A preliminary Parisian Parliamentary People [...] with Respect to the decision of 19 December 1788 at Number of Representatives with once quashed Guillotin’s petition which this People Ought to Furnish and occasioned legal proceedings the Estates-General] against him. Adoption of vote by head count would not be effected Emulating Guillotin, the author until June of 1789, following several of this text defends a more months of debate which culminated equitable representation of the in the famous Jeu de paume oath. Third Estate at the Estates-General A physician by training, Guillotin as he takes up that momentous, is equally well known for his controversial and divisive subject contributions to penal code reform. that has stirred spirits since the In October of 1789, he presented a Estates’ convocation. If the issue speech before the National Assembly occasioned plentiful spilling UBC LIBRARY 2 of ink in 1788, this particular the clergy of thoughtful mind; the document captures attention by nobility, arms ever-ready to serve; way of colourful use of metaphor and the people, the essential trunk, and analogy designed to convince that gathers together the vital readers of the importance of a organs necessary for life, organs more equitable composition of the whose general functioning, like Estates-General. that of the body politic, depends “on the unison of all organs”. Louis XVI is presented as a “tender father who wants to call his entire family to his side.” Thus, the author Ouverture des États- maintains, the privileged orders of 3 Généraux, faite à Versailles society, those “first born”, cannot le 5 mai 1789, Paris, Imprimerie claim alone to nearly constitute the royale, 1789. entirety of the nation; the “youngest” must also be allowed to express [The Opening of the Estates- themselves. The author considers the General, at Versailles the 5th of historical evolution of an “oppressive May 1789] system.” And, in order to reveal the necessity of doubling the number The Estates-General are a of representatives from the Third temporary assemblage of Estate as well as that of the adoption representatives of the totality of of votes by headcount rather than the king’s subjects, thus Nobility, by order, the author underscores the Clergy and the Third Estate. 18th as “a century that prides itself Created in the Middle Ages, this most of all on the light of its reason.” political system permitted the king A well-devised request is extended to, for example, raise exceptional to the clergy and the nobility, an taxes designed to refill the coffers invitation to consider and fell “this of the State or to prepare for war. deep, dark forest of abuses”. For the first time since 1614, This text, which surely speaks to a on 8 August 1788, Louis XVI different audience than does that recognized the need to convene of Guillotin by way of his imagistic the Estates-General in order to explanations, concludes with a contain the raging financial crisis symbolic analogy depicting the and to dampen burgeoning revolts. body politic and the human body: Presided over by the King, the 63 FRENCH REVOLUTION COLLECTION Estates-General opened at Versailles constituante, avec leur on the 5th of May, 1789. The développement mis à la portée de document at hand is a transcription tout le monde, Paris, J. Girouard of speeches from the first session. [1789]. In his opening address, Louis XVI, [Comparison of the Declaration who presents himself as “the first of the King’s Intentions of June 23, friend of his people”, speaks to the 1789 with the Declaration of the circumstances that brought him to Rights of Man as Decreed by the this convocation. He mentions the Constituent Assembly, with the State’s astronomical debt, amassed Development Thereof Put within by others during their wars, and he Reach of All] expresses the desire to reestablish order as well as to assure happiness This document’s anonymous and prosperity for the kingdom. royalist author reconsiders the Declaration of the King’s Intentions Next, Barentin, keeper of the seal, from the June 23, 1789, meeting of presents the king’s intentions. the Estates general, as well as the He positions himself against text of the Declaration of the Rights insubordination and expresses the of Man. He maintains that the latter hope that sessions to follow will was written by “factious enemies continue agreeably and respectfully. of the king and monarchy” in order to replace the former whom Finally, Necker, the minister of he regards as “holding the same finances, sets out France’s financial advantages, stripped of insidious reality. He presents a table of the ambiguities from which fateful general state of revenues and interpretations were derived and expenses and proves optimistic with which currently cause the disasters respect to the measures he proposes assailing France.” in order to balance the budget. With an eye to educating his “unfortunate fellows”, who all Anonyme, Rapprochement too easily allow themselves to 4 de la déclaration des be manipulated by the “oracles” intentions du roi du 23 juin 1789 of the constituent Assembly, the et de la Déclaration des droits de author transcribes anew each of l’homme décrétée par l’Assemblée the 35 articles of the Declaration UBC LIBRARY 24 of the King’s Intentions in the hopes rampant through Paris: The city is of demonstrating the generosity, surrounded by troops loyal to the wisdom and clarity of the measures king; an attack is imminent. The this “good prince” of “right and citizenry to whom the pamphlet impartial” judgment has established. is addressed are referred to as children, and are regarded as the The author next attacks the innocent citoyens whose just Declaration of the Rights of Man, republican cause is threatened. which he considers “insidious”. He The pamphlet announces that it then takes up an interpretation and provides “an exact history of the refutation of each of the 17 articles, execrable projects” designed to in turn, in order to make their vices effectuate the citizens’ demise.
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