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Outlines of the French Revolution Told in Autographs

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mmm> j^H^^a J wMm?imm President White Library Cornell University Cornell University Library , l l rench Revolution told i iii iii ili??iii?iMn!i l!S.„f 3 1924 032 226 olm.anx 684 &«J Cornell University Library 'Be h The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924032226684 OUTLINES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION TOLDr IN AUTOGRAPHS [SELECTED FROM A PRIVATE COLLECTION] EXHIBITED AT THE LENOX BRANCH OF THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY MARCH 20, 1905 I/. ABBREVIATIONS. signed. A. L. S. Autograph letter signed. A. D. S. Autograph document L. S. Letter Signed. D. S. Document Signed. A. L. Autograph Letter. A. D. Autograph document. P. Portrait. I. Illustration. ^5f*0RD BEACONSFIELD — groping for comparisons — declared that 111 there were only two events in history: The Siege of Troy and ^^ the French Revolution. The present exhibition of autographs is an attempt to teach the outlines of history, and particularly of the French Revolution, by means of holographic illustration. The writing of a man, it is held, is the most perfect relic he leaves behind him. Something physical, as well as intellectual and moral, belonging to his personality, has gone into the material substance carrying his writing. A limited space makes the selection of characters a. difficult matter. All students are not likely to agree in regard to the eminence and importance of some individuals who had part in the great event here illustrated. And so, likewise, all will not recognize the great con- tributory causes or discover the same harvest from the Revolutionary seed. The relative importance of men and actions has depended in this instance on the judgment of the exhibitor, but it is believed that the principal actors in the Revolutionary drama will be found represented. To find the seeds of the French Revolution, some go back to the time of the Jansenists and the religious controversies. We have preferred to begin with those characters, living nearer the event, whose intel- lectual processes taught the people of France to think for themselves, and thus we find the subject arranging itself somewhat in the follow- ing order: I. The Philosophical writers, like Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau. II. The Economic writers, like Quesnay and Mably. III. The Encyclopfidistes, like Diderot, and d'Alembert. IIII. The Financiers, like Turgot, who first of all French states- men thought to reason with the people, and Calonne, of whom Madame de Stael said He did more than any other man to create the French Revolution. V* The Statesmen, like Choiseul and Maurepas. VI. The Poets, like Beaumarchais, who ridiculed the Court, and Le Brun, who incited the people to vandalism. VII. The Editors, and those who moved the mighty lever of the press, like Momoro, the " first printer of Liberty," and Prudhomme, whose weekly illustrated paper had a circu- lation of 200,000. VIII. The Court at Versailles at the opening of the Revolution. Villi. The Queen at the Little Trianon. X. The affair of the Necklace. General. XI. Les Etats Generaux, or Assembly of the States A. The Clergy. B. The Nobility. C. The Third Estate. XII. The oath in the Salle du Jeu do Paume. XUI. The bust of Necker and the Cocarde (July 12, 1789). XIIII. The Bastille. XV. The march of the Women from Paris to Versailles. XVI. The Federation of the Champ de Mars. XVII. Favras Conspiracy. xvm. The Flight to Varennes. XVIIII. La Louisette, or the Guillotine. XX. The Marseillaise. XXI. The Attack on the Tuileries. XXII. The Fate of the King. XXIII. The Shadow of the King. XXIIII. The Assignats. XXV. The Eoyal Family in th3 Temple. XXVI. The Revolutionary Tribunal. XXVII. The Dumouriez Conspiracy. XXVIII. Marat, the "Friend of the People." XXVIIII. The Republican Calendar. XXX. The Fate of the Queen. XXXI. " Posterity Judges Men." XXXII. The Girondins. XXXIII. The Herbertistes. XXXIIII. The Dantonistes. XXXV. The Frontier. XXXVI. The Vendue. XXXVII. The Vengeur. XXXVIII. The Roll-call of the Condemned. XXXVIIII. The Festival of the Supreme Being. xxxx. The Triumvirate. XXXXI. The 9th Thermidor. XXXXII. The Last of the Mountain. XXXXIII. The Corps Legislatif. A. Council of Five Hundred. B. Council of Ancients. C. Directory. XXXXIIII. The Cry for Bread. xxxxv. The Massacre at Rastadt. XXXXVI. The Coup d'Etat. XXXXVII. The Consulate. XXXXVIII. Bonaparte Consul for Life. XXXXVIIII. The Emperor of the French. Les Mottoes tuent les limes : la Posteiite les juge. — Duport-Dutertre, guillotined Nov. 28, 1793. 1. MONTESQUIEU (Charles Secondat de) Baron de la Br6de. Philosopher and author of Lettres Persannes and Esprit des Lois. Voltaire declared, Mankind had lost their rights and Montesquieu found them, again. A. L. S., Bordeaux, March 19, 1740. P. 2. VOLTAIRE (Francois-Marie Arouet de). Philosopher, whose Lettres sur les Anglais taught the French people to understand liberty. Under date April 2, 1764, he predicted, in so many words, the coming of the Revolution. A. L. S., Dec. 27, 1742. P. I. 3. AROUET (Francois). Father of Voltaire, and unfriendly to his literary studies. Voltaire assumed, in 1718, the name of Voltaire from a sort of anagram of Arouet 1. j . ( Le Jeune ) D. S., Paris, Dec. 4, 1705. 4. VILLETTE (Charles-Michel) Marquis de. Married the adopted daughter of Voltaire, called la, Belle et Bonne. It was in his house (at present 27 Quai Voltaire, Paris) that the heart of Voltaire was preserved and where the procession halted July 11, 1791, on its way to the Pantheon. The house bore the inscription: His mind is everywhere; his heart is here. A. L. S., Paris, April 28, 1784, concerning the mechanics brought to Ferney by Voltaire. I. 5. LANCLOS (Ninon de), sometimes written L'Enclos. Famous woman whose charms attracted three generations. She bequeathed 2,000 livres to Voltaire with which to buy books. A. L. S. P. 6. CHATELET (Gabriele-Emilie de Breteuil) Marquise du. Brilliant woman of science and intimate friend of Voltaire. Translated Newton into French. Voltaire lived many years in her house in Paris and in her chateau in Civey. When she died in 1740 he exclaimed: "I have lost half my life.'' A. L. S., speaks of Voltaire. P. 7. DENIS (Rosalie-Louise-Mignot). Writer and niece of Voltaire, with whom he spent his last days. A. L. S., Paris, July 16. 8. ROUSSEAU (Jean-Jacques). Philosopher, whose L'in4galite parmi les Homines taught men their rights. The opening phrase in the second part of this essay, more than any other expression of the human intellect, induced the Revolution. A. L. S., L'Hermitage, Sept. 25, 1756. P. I. 6 9. EPINAY (Louise-Florence Pgtronelle Tardieu d'Esclavelles) Madame d'. The patroness of Rousseau, to whom she loaned her country- house, the Hermitage. A. L. S., to Catherine II of Russia. P. I. 10. HOUDETOT (Sophie de la Live de Bellegarde) Comtesse d\ Sister-in-law of Madame d'Epinay and intimate friend of Rous- seau. A. L. S., Paris, March 28, 1807. P. I. 11. BUFFON (George-Louis Le Clerc) Comte de. Famous naturalist whose theories and writings changed the method of thought of the French people and prepared the French mind to receive the work of the philosophers and economists. L. S., Jan. 1, 1780. Montbard. P. 12. QUESNAY (Francois). Chief of the Economistes: physician to Madame de Pompadour: called the Confucius of Europe. His articles in the Encyclopedic on Fermiers and Grams contributed largely to Revolutionary ideas. He attributed the poverty of the agriculturists to feudal oppression, driving persons from the fields to the town. A. L. S., written from the Palace of Versailles, where he had apartments directly under those of Madame Pompadour. P. 13. MABLY (Gabriel-Bonnet). The first great preacher in France of Communism, who taught that the individual ownership of land was the source of misery and that reform must come through a Revolution. A. L. S., Paris, Jan. 8, 1783. P. 14. DIDEROT (Denis). Chief editor of the Encyclopfidie, a work which did so much to spread Republican ideas. A. L., to J. B. A. Suard, Secretaire de l'Academie Franchise. P. 15. ALEMBERT (Jean-Le Rond d'). One of the editors of the Encyclopgdie. A. L. S., Paris, Dec. 19, 1744. P. 16. LESPINASSE ( Julie-Jeanne-Eleonore de). Friend of d'Alembert. A. D. 17. HOLBACH (Paul-Thyry) Baron d\ Author: contributed to the Encyclopfidie on scientific, economic and philosophical subjects. A. L. S. 18. HELVETIUS ( Claude-Adrien). Philosopher and one of the Encyclopgdistes. A. L. S., Vov<§, July 9, 1762. P. 19. GRTMM (Frederic-Melchoir). Important contributor to the Encyclopgdie. A. L. S., Paris, Sept. 5, 1779. P. 20. RAYNAL (Guillaume-Thomas-Francois). Writer of Histoire Philosphique, which placed him in the ranks of Voltaire and Rousseau. A. L. S., St. Ouen, Oct. 6. P. 21. LA HARPE (Jean-Francois de). Distinguished writer and early supporter of Republican ideas. A. L. S., Relative to a literary subscription by Paul I. P. 22. TERRAY (Joseph-Marie) l'Abbe. Comptroller of Finances under Louis XV. Created corn monopoly. A. L. S. P. 23. TURGOT (Anne-Robert-Jacques) Baron de l'Aulne. Financier under Louis XVI, who first explained to the French people their system of taxation. A. L. S. P. 24. MAUREPAS (Jean-Frederic Phelippeaux). Minister under Louis XVI. His contest with Turgot greatly weakened the Monarchy. A. L. S., Oct. 7, 1773. P. 25. CALONNE ( Charles-Alexandre de). Financier under Louis XVI. Built octrois around Paris, ad- vised the King to call Assembly of Notables in 1787, thus opening the way for the Etats Generaux and the Revolution.
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  • Die Frauen in Der Französischen Revolution Nr. 33 : Bibliographie

    Die Frauen in Der Französischen Revolution Nr. 33 : Bibliographie

    KOMMISSION DER EUROPÄISCHEN GEMEINSCHAFTEN Generaldirektion Audiovisuelle Medien, Information, Kommunikation, Kultur Fraueninformation Nr. 33 Die Frauen in der Französischen Revolution Bibliographie mm tm - Rue de la Loi, 200 · B-1049 Brüssel · Tél. 235.97.72 / 235.28.60 Wiedergabe nur mit Quellenangabe zulässig Bei Veröffentlichung erbitten wir ein Belegexemplar ©HIB IFIEAUJIM ΠΝ ©SIR IFIRAN2ÔSHSCHIN IRIVOLOTIION Bibliographie Yves Bessières und Patricia Niedzwiecki Institut de Recherche pour le Développement de l'Espace Culturel Européen (Forschungsinstitut für die Entwicklung des Europäischen Kulturraums) Januar 1991 INHALT Seite Vorwort 01 Das Urteil der Geschichte 02 Die Frauen und die Geschichte 03 Die Ursprünge der Frauenbewegung 09 Die Frauen und die politische "Frauenbewegung" 1 2 Die "Erklärung der Rechte der Frau" von Olympe de Gouges 1 4 Der Beitrag der Frauen zur Revolution 1 8 Die Zeit nach der Revolution 23 Lexikon 26 Zeittafel 31 Bibliographie 33 Erst anläßlich der Feiern zum 200. Jahrestag der Französischen Revolution richteten die Historiker ihr Augenmerk auf die Rolle, die die Frauen bei diesem historisch bedeutsamen Ereignis gespielt haben. In der Geschichtsschreibung der Männer werden die Frauen häufig ins Abseits gedrängt, totge• schwiegen, einfach ignoriert. Mit der vorliegenden Studie soll ihnen ihr legitimer Platz in der Ge• schichte zurückgegeben werden. Fausta Deshormes La Valle — 1 VORWORT Keine andere Phase der Geschichte Frankreichs ist so umstritten wie die der Französischen Revolu• tion von 1789; sie war es damals, und sie ist es noch heute. Ein Beweis hierfür sind die kürzlichen veranstalteten Feierlichkeiten anläßlich des 200. Jahrestages und die damit zusammenhängenden Auseinandersetzungen. Ohne Zweifel spüren wir noch heute die Auswirkungen dieses Ereignisses; es ist wie ein nicht zu Ende gegangener Weg, auf dem wir heute noch vorangehen, wenn wir von den Menschenrechten (den Rechten von Frauen und Männern) und von Freiheit sprechen, den Grundlagen der Rechtssysteme in den europäischen Demokratien.