DOCSLIB.ORG

A Tonga: Understanding the Professional Attitudes of the Valued Teachers of Tonga

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Tonga: Understanding the Professional Attitudes of the Valued Teachers of Tonga http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Ko e Fungani Mo’onia ‘o e Faiako Ma’a Tonga: Understanding the professional attitudes of the valued teachers of Tonga A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education at The University of Waikato by Sela Tapa’atoutai-Teisina 2020 Fungani Mo’onia ‘o e Faiako Ma’a Tonga Abstract Abstract The purpose of this study is to help provide empirically informed insights as to how the Tongan Government teachers’ positive attitudes could be developed and enhanced. In Tonga, the erosion of teacher attitudes, commitment, and professionalism has been recognised (Fua, Manu, Takapautolo, & Taufe’ulungaki, 2007; Matafahi & Fusitu’a, 2009; Taufe’ulungaki, 2012; 2013; Thaman, 1998). This study is an attempt to help address these issues. Within this context, this thesis advocates the need to have an in-depth, and more holistic understanding of Tongan teachers’ professional attitudes: what they are; how they are understood; and how they were formed and strengthened. These are considered initial steps towards informing professional attitudes enhancement activities for Tongan Government school teachers. The findings of this study are an original contribution on the subject of teacher professionalism in terms of teacher professional attitudes, professional attitude formation, and professional attitude strengthening. This study has drawn support from various disciplines and theories, which include Evans’ Professionalism Model (2008; 2010; 2011; 2014), Bronfenbrenner’s General Ecological Model (1979; 1994; 1999), and Hermans and his colleagues’ Dialogical Self Theory (Hermans & Gieser, 2012; Hermans & Hermans-Konopka, 2010). These theories act as theoretical bridges and provide lenses for the exploration of Tongan teachers’ professional attitudes. This study is both constructivist and constructionist in epistemology, with multiple theoretical perspectives, being interpretive, phenomenological, Pacific, and Tongan. A mixed methods research design complemented by a Kakala Mo’onia Pedagogical Positive Deviance methodological approaches were used to understand the Faiako Ma’a Tonga’s (valued teachers of Tonga) professional attitudes. A presurvey, survey and Talanoa Fungani Mo’onia were the major data collection instruments employed. This study relies mainly on a qualitative data collection to answer the research questions. The main findings of the study revealed that the Faiako Ma’a Tonga understood that professional attitudes are life entities intricately linked to teachers’ hearts, they are values and beliefs; good and right behaviours teachers have. Also, professional ii Fungani Mo’onia ‘o e Faiako Ma’a Tonga Abstract attitudes have certain features including reflective, persistent, pervasive, transcendental, and positively influential. These features signify professional attitudes are partly spiritual in nature. Professional attitude formation and professional attitude strengthening are processes that are context-related, framed by various complex and inter-related factors, centred around teacher selves, and in many cases mediated by individual(s) of certain professional calibre attitudinally. Typically, they are those who consistently dared to be different in positive ways, hence they possess strong, refined, elegant attitudinal qualities that invite attention, admiration, and imagination (Bronfenbrenner, 1999). Approaches yielding positive energy for teachers are typically what needed to strengthen teachers’ professional attitudes. The concept of Mo’onia is central in this study, from which other original conceptual framework, models, and research method have been derived including the following: Mo’onia Attitude Conceptual Framework-A Tongan Perspective; Kakala Mo’onia Pedagogical Positive Deviance Research Model; Talanoa Fungani Mo’onia research method, Kupesi Lilo-‘o e- To’onga (KLOT) model, and Fale Ako ‘o e Mo’onia Professional Attitudes Enhancement Model. They are also original contributions of this thesis in terms of theory, research, and practice. Key implications of the study include suggestions for a society-wide approach to effective development and strengthening of teachers’ PA, and a strong moral value and belief-based education is critical if Tonga is to be successful in reclaiming and cultivation of teachers’ professionalism and professional attitudes. iii Acknowledgement Ke ‘a e KOAU⸍ toko taha pē ‘a e kolōlia⸍, lāngilangi⸍ pea mo e fakafeta’i⸍ Koe’uhi ko ‘Ene Kelesi⸍ ‘ata’ata pē kuo te ikuna ai⸍ ‘A e efu mo ta’e’iloaa⸍, ‘a e Tapa-‘a-Toutai kuo Ne fakaola⸍, Kalofiama ’esi-afi mei Ma’ananga⸍, ko hoto fakataulama⸍ ‘Io ‘e ‘ikai ha lea pē ngāue ‘e fe’unga⸍, ko e fakafeta’i⸍pē si’ete munomuna⸍ ’Ulifohe poto ‘a e Taha’i Mo’oni⸍, kuo ola ai ‘a e siu mata’itofelilo ‘o e To’onga⸍ ‘Api ko Falahola Fo’ou⸍ mo e ‘Api ko Mā’oni’oni-‘i he-Tui⸍ kuo fakakoloa⸍ Taau ke holoitounga ai ‘eta fakafeta’i⸍ mo e fiefia⸍, ‘inisēnisi ‘o Hono ngeia⸍ Translation: May the glory, honour, and thanksgiving be I AM alone For it is only by His Grace, this I accomplished A mere dust unknown, Tapa-‘a-Toutai He enlightens With divinely-lid sparks from Ma’ananga, my Guide Indeed, never will be words nor acts suffice, only utterances of gratitudes I pray The All-Wise, to shore He brought, the search into the unseen, attitude gems so rare ‘Api ko Falahola Fo’ou, and Mā’oni’oni-‘i he-Tui, this we have endowed Thus, our rightful reciprocation with grattitudes and jubilance, incenses, His glory! This study would not have been possible and successfully accomplished without the wholehearted support and contributions of the following people; so, I would like to humbly acknowledge my sincerest heartfelt gratitudes to the Tongan Government and the Tonga Ministry of Education and Training, for the scholarship which enabled me to undertake this study. Without your full financial support, this iv study would not have been possible. In particular, I would like to acknowledge Honourable Dr ‘Ana Maui Taufe’ulungaki, Honourable Samiuela ‘Akilisi Pohiva, Honourable Penisimani ‘Epenisa Fifita, and Honourable Siaosi ‘Ofa-ki-Vahafolau Sovaleni, the heads of the Tonga Ministry of Education and Training over the period of my study because without your willing support, completing this academic venture may not have been realised. With heartfelt gratitudes, I sincerely acknowledge my chief supervisor, Professor Claire McLachlan, who chief supervised this study in its final year and a half. Professor McLachlan your genuine love, care, and friendship have made this kakala fragrant garland creation task fun and enjoyable. Your professional guidance, timely words of encouragements, trust and believing in me, were key in keeping me going from milestone to milestone in this important task. You are indeed a Mo’onia! I also sincerely acknowledge the great work and contribution my initial chief supervisor, Professor John Williams has made to this study. Professor Williams was sadly missed when in a short notice, informed my student colleagues and I of his decision to return to Australia in early 2016. Nevertheless, I have come to believe, charting my path during this PhD journey has been under divine orchestration. A due acknowledgement also goes to the rest of my supervisory panel members, Dr Anne Hume (my second chief supervisor), Associate Professor Lynne Parmenter, Dr Timote Masima Vaioleti, and Dr Noeline Wright for all your commitments and efforts invested in this study. Dr Hume, you were such a joy to work with although it was just a year before your retirement. Associate Professor Parmenter, you have been truly a great source of encouragement for me, in particular your cheerful, and down to earth nature. I found the laughters and our meeting times with Claire to have always filled me with positive energy and no wonder why I always come out encouraged to move thinking, reading, and writings further. Dr Vaioleti, I sincerely thank you for bearing with me throughout these years and continuing to encourage me even in the rare opportunities our paths had crossed after you retired. Your tukutala advice to consider the future and be an academic land builder (langa fonua) is treasured. Your langa fonua has helped multitudes including myself, once again, thank you. Last but not least, Dr Noeline Wright, I sincerely thank you for your v Fungani Mo’onia ‘o e Faiako Ma’a Tonga Acknowledgements willingness to join the team. Although brief, you encouraged me with sincere enthusiasm, and care. To all my supervisors, malo lahi ‘aupito! I would also like to acknowledge my spiritual mentors throughout the course of this study, Pastor Joseph Prince, Rabbi Jonathan Cahn, Joyce Meyer, Prophet Sadhu, and many others whom God has used to bless me mightily through their shared testimonies of God’s mighty revelations of Himself and His Living Words to them. A special acknowledgement is also extended to Associate Professor Kathie Crocket, Professor Kay Weaver, Anna Knight, and the School of Graduate Research team, Professor Bronwen Cowie, Professor Conrad Pilditch, Dr Apo Aporosa, Dr Telesia Kalavite for every little ways you have encouraged me in this study, they all mattered in your absence. To Mrs Andrea Haines, Dr Marcia Johnson, Marie- Christine, Lissa, Manjit, Mere, and the Student Learning Support team, you all have been great and helpful in different ways. Much appreciation is also extended to Ms.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Echoes of Pacific War
    ECHOES of Pacific War Edited by Deryck Scarr, Niel Gunson, Jennifer Terrell Echoes of Pacific War Edited by Deryck Scarr, Niel Gunson, Jennifer Terrell Papers from the 7th Tongan History Conference held in Canberra in January 1997 TARGET OCEANIA CANBERRA 1998 © Deryck Scarr, Niel Gunson, Jennifer Terrell 1998 This work is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Book and cover design by Jennifer Terrell Printed by ANU Printing and Publishing Service ISBN 0-646-36000-0 Published by TARGET OCEANIA c/ o Division of Pacific and Asian History Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies Australian National University Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Contents Maps and Figures v Fo reword ix Introduction xiii 1 Behind the battle lines: Tonga in World War II EUZABETHWOOD-EILEM 1 2 Changing values and changed psychology of Tongans during and since World War II 'I. F. HELU 26 3 Airplanes and saxaphones: post-war images in the visual and peiforming arts ADRIENNE L. KAEPPIER 38 4 Tonga and Australia since Wo rld War II GARETH GRAINGER 64 5 New behaviours and migration since Wo rld War II SIOSIUA F. POUVALU LAFITANI 76 6 The churches in Tonga since World War II JOHN GARRE'IT 87 7 Introduction and development of fa mily planning in Tonga 1958-1990 HENRY IVARATURE 99 8 Analysing the emergent mi ddle class - the 1990s KERRY JAMES 110 9 Changing interpretations of the kava ritual MEREDITH FILIHIA 127 10 How To ngan is a Tongan? Cultural authenticity revisited HELEN MORTON 149 Bibliograp hy 167 Index 173 Contributors 182 Maps Map 1: TheTonga Islands vii Map 2: Tongatapu 5 Map 3: Nuku'alofa 10 Figures Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • (8 PAGES) Subject Index, Vol:9, P.429, 1986
    SUBJECT INDEX 1955-1985 moat-cited works 355 aatronomy 1961-1982 most-cited articles 55,118 1964 most-cited articles on 374 1976-1983 250,361 review articlea on 147 1963 most-citad articles, chemistry 413 Atlas of Science 1964 moat-citad articles planning for 41,44,46 Iife sciences 369 Attachment and Loss 35 physical acience 366 authora 1964 most-cited primary authors 346,355 name ordering on papers 353 1984 208,221 number of 393 1985 Nobel Prize awards and prizes, NAS Award for Excellence chemistry 336 in Scientific Reviewing 146 economics 307 literature 307,312 medicine 282 physics 336,340 1986 NAS Award for Excellence in Baruch, Bernard 114 Scientific Reviewing 146 La Bataille de Pharsale 314 The Battle of Pharsalus 314 A Beckett, Samuel 218 Beilstein, Friedrich 44 Benitez Sanchez, Jose 160 AIDS research, French and American Berzelius, Jons Jakob 1 contributions 347,391 bibliographies, editing with Sci-Mate Alice’s Adventuresin Wonderland 296 Editor 81 Allen, Gordon 43 The Biochemists’ Songbook 50 allergies BioGraffiti: A Natural Selection 49 effect of breaat feeding on 181 biomedical decision-making, role of effect of stress on 141 hospital library in 197,202 Analysis of Secretarial Duties and biomedical education curricula 27 Traits 114 Block, Konrad E. 282 animal studies, unreliability of transferring Bohr, Niels 6 results to humana 407 A Book of Science Verse 53 Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 9 breast feeding Arrhenius, Svante August 2 factors affecting choice of 165 art merits of mother’s milk 155 at ISI 130,176,228 Breastfeeding Handfwok 162 commissioned forlSI’s Caring Canter for Breastfeedirrg: A Guide for the Medical Children and Parents 260 Profession 156 role of turtle in 293 Brown, Michael S.
    [Show full text]
  • Nature Physics Advance Online Publication, 8 October 2013 Doi:10.1038/Nphys2800 Research Highlight Nobel Prize 2013: Englert
    Nature Physics advance online publication, 8 October 2013 doi:10.1038/nphys2800 Research Highlight Nobel Prize 2013: Englert and Higgs Alison Wright The Nobel Prize in Physics 2013 has been awarded to François Englert and Peter Higgs "for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider". It is probably the most widely anticipated Nobel award ever made — even as the announcement on 8 October was delayed by an hour, it still seemed certain that the prize would be given for what is generally known as the Higgs mechanism, cemented by the discovery of a Higgs boson at CERN last year. The only uncertainty lay in quite who would claim a slice of the prize. In 1964, François Englert and his colleague Robert Brout published a paper1 in Physical Review Letters in which they outlined a possible mechanism for the generation of particle masses. A few weeks later — in a world without e-mail or preprint servers — Peter Higgs published a similar, independent work2, and also mentioned the existence of a particle associated with the postulated field that would provoke the mass-generating mechanism. (These have since been known as the Higgs boson, the Higgs field and the Higgs mechanism.) And just a few weeks later still, Gerald Guralnik, Carl Hagen and Tom Kibble followed up with their own, independent, version3 of the same mechanism.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of United States Landslide Maps and Reports Christopher S. Alger and Earl E. Brabb1 Open-File Report 85-585 This Re
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Bibliography of United States landslide maps and reports Christopher S. Alger and Earl E. Brabb 1 Open-File Report 85-585 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. 1 Menlo Park, California Contents Page Introductlon......................................... 1 Text References...................................... 8 Bibliographies With Landslide References............. 8 Multi State-United States Landslide Maps and Reports. 8 Alabama.............................................. 9 Alaska............................................... 9 American Samoa....................................... 14 Arizona.............................................. 14 Arkansas............................................. 16 California........................................... 16 Colorado............................................. 41 Connecticut.......................................... 51 Delaware............................................. 51 District of Columbia................................. 51 Florida.............................................. 51 Georgi a.............................................. 51 Guam................................................. 51 Hawa i i............................................... 51 Idaho................................................ 52 II1i noi s............................................. 54 Indiana.............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Here, at Last! and and Peter W.Peter Higgs Speed of Light, Without to Ofspeed Light, Get Any Possibility Caught Atoms in Or Molecules
    THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 2013 POPULAR SCIENCE BACKGROUND Here, at last! François Englert and Peter W. Higgs are jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2013 for the theory of how particles acquire mass. In 1964, they proposed the theory independently of each other (Englert together with his now deceased colleague Robert Brout). In 2012, their ideas were confrmed by the discovery of a so called Higgs particle at the CERN laboratory outside Geneva in Switzerland. The awarded mechanism is a central part of the Standard Model of particle physics that describes how the world is constructed. According to the Standard Model, everything, from fowers and people to stars and planets, consists of just a few building blocks: matter particles. These particles are governed by forces medi- ated by force particles that make sure everything works as it should. The entire Standard Model also rests on the existence of a special kind of particle: the Higgs particle. It is connected to an invisible feld that flls up all space. Even when our universe seems empty, this feld is there. Had it not been there, electrons and quarks would be mass- less just like photons, the light particles. And like photons they would, just as Einstein’s theory predicts, rush through space at the speed of light, without any possibility to get caught in atoms or molecules. Nothing of what we know, not even we, would exist. The Higgs particle, H, completes the Standard Model of particle physics that describes building blocks of the universe. Both François Englert and Peter Higgs were young scientists when they, in 1964, independently of each other put forward a theory that rescued the Stand- ard Model from collapse.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is a Higgs Boson?
    Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory August 2015 What is a Higgs boson? In 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider, scientists discovered the long-sought Higgs boson. Now the question is: Are there more types of Higgs bosons? The Higgs field provides mass to quarks and other elementary particles that are the building blocks of matter. The photon and the gluon do not interact with the Higgs field, and hence they have no mass. Whether the Higgs field is the origin of the mass of dark matter or the tiny mass of the three known types of neutrinos is not yet known. What is a Higgs field? What is a Higgs boson? When did scientists discover the Higgs boson? The Higgs field is a force field that acts like a giant vat of molasses Scientists searched for the Higgs boson for more than two decades, spread throughout the universe. Most of the known types of particles starting with the LEP experiments at CERN in the 1990s and the that travel through it stick to the molasses, which slows them down Tevatron experiments at Fermilab in the 2000s. Years’ worth of LEP and makes them heavier. The Higgs boson is a particle that helps and Tevatron data narrowed the search for the Higgs particle. Then, transmit the mass-giving Higgs field, similar to the way a particle of in 2012 at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC), two experiments, light, the photon, transmits the electromagnetic field. ATLAS and CMS, reported the observation of a Higgs-like particle. With further analysis the new particle was confirmed as the Higgs boson in 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • SFRA Newsletter
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Digital Collection - Science Fiction & Fantasy Digital Collection - Science Fiction & Fantasy Publications 6-1-1999 SFRA ewN sletter 240 Science Fiction Research Association Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/scifistud_pub Part of the Fiction Commons Scholar Commons Citation Science Fiction Research Association, "SFRA eN wsletter 240 " (1999). Digital Collection - Science Fiction & Fantasy Publications. Paper 59. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/scifistud_pub/59 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Digital Collection - Science Fiction & Fantasy at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Digital Collection - Science Fiction & Fantasy Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. #140 lilliE 1### Coed'tors: lIonfiction ReY'ew Editor: Karen Hellellson &. Crals Jacobsen lIeil Barron . ~ . ..: .. .. !;] AGAIN INTO CYBERSPACE Alan Elms First, SFRA's Web page address is now officially <http://www.sfra.org>. That may seem a very small step for humankind, but have you ever tried to tell a potential member of our organization, "Oh, sure, all you need to do is check out <http://www.uwm.edul~sands/sfraJscifi.htm> .. ? Much thanks again to Pete Sands, Adam Frisch, and Len Hatfield for overcoming the various complications of get­ ting the new address and for keeping the Web page going, and extra thanks to Len's home institution for giving the page a free home on its server. (Thank you, Virginia Tech, thank you thank you thank you.) The new address was set up just in time, too. The current issue of the SFWA Bulletin says somebody has been snapping up such Web addresses as <annemccaffrey.com> and darryniven.com>, presumably in hopes of selling them to the named authors or their publishers for a profit as Web commerce expands in scope.
    [Show full text]
  • THE TONGAN RESPONSE to the GOSPEL Rev
    Wesley’s South Seas Heritage: Tongan Response to the Gospel by S A Savea THE TONGAN RESPONSE TO THE GOSPEL Rev. Dr Sione 'Amanaki Havea President, Free Wesleyan Church of Tonga Paper presented at the South Pacific Regional Conference of the World Methodist Historical Society, an affiliate of the World Methodist Council, held at Wesley College, Paerata, Auckland, New Zealand, 18 to 23 May, 1987. 1. Greetings. 2. I have a confession to make. I am no historian nor a son of an historian. My only history to make is that 1 am a Wesleyan from Tonga. I am a third generation Wesleyan minister. My grandfather Siotame was one of the first ministers to be ordained. Then my father was a Methodist minister. My father was born in 1869. So I must say that my particular clan have lived in parsonages for more than 120 years. I have three sons who are in the Methodist ministry. Some history! I am very proud of it, and I hope this tradition will continue for many generations to come. I also believe in ecumenism. My thoughts go back to 1953 when I was a student in America, and I was elected to represent the Methodist Church of Australasia as a delegate to the World Council of Churches Second Assembly in Evanston. United States of America. Then later I have been involved in many ecumenical conferences. In 1961 I was one of the founding members of the Pacific Conference of Churches. Then I have attended World Assembly meetings at New Delhi, Uppsala. Nairobi and Vancouver.
    [Show full text]
  • Speech at Founder's Day Service
    SPEECH AT FOUNDER’S DAY SERVICE AND THE OPENING OF THE RAE AND PYKE BUILDINGS 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE NEWINGTON COLLEGE NEWINGTON COLLEGE STANMORE Tuesday, 16 July 2013 HER EXCELLENCY PROFESSOR MARIE BASHIR AC CVO GOVERNOR OF NEW SOUTH WALES THE HONOURABLE ANGUS TALBOT, Chairman of College Council DR DAVID MULFORD, Headmaster, Newington College DR ANDREW HIRST, Deputy Headmaster, Newington College REVEREND DR MONE, Tupou College SAM HARDY, Senior Prefect, Newington College ANDREW ZHAO AND LACHLAN McKIRDY, Deputy Senior Prefects, Newington College NEWINGTON COLLEGE CHOIR TUPOU COLLEGE CHOIR SO MANY DISTINGUISHED GUESTS, MEMBERS OF THE TEACHING STAFF, FAMILY MEMBERS AND YOUNG AUSTRALIANS IT IS A GREAT PLEASURE, INDEED A PRIVILEGE, TO BE JOINING YOU ALL FOR the 2013 FOUNDER’S DAY SERVICE AND THE 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF A GREAT AUSTRALIAN SCHOOL. 20130716 – EDUCATION – Founder’s Day Service and Open the Rae and Pyke Buildings 150th Anniversary Newington College 1 AT THE OUTSET MAY I AFFIRM MY RESPECT FOR THE TRADITIONAL CUSTODIANS OF THIS LAND UPON WHICH WE HAVE GATHERED, — THE GADIGAL PEOPLE OF THE EORA NATION, — INDEED FOR ALL AUSTRALIA’S ABORIGINAL PEOPLE, THEIR ANCESTORS AND DESCENDANTS, WHO HAVE NURTURED OUR GREAT CONTINENT FOR TENS OF THOUSANDS OF YEARS. NEWINGTON COLLEGE WAS DESTINED, I BELIEVE, TO BECOME A GREAT AUSTRALIAN SCHOOL FROM THE EARLIEST DAYS OF ITS FOUNDATION. AND IT IS SO FITTING THAT THIS HISTORIC OCCASION BE CELEBRATED, ESPECIALLY BY A SERVICE OF THANKSGIVING – OF GRATITUDE – FOR THE WISE AND VISIONARY MEN, INCLUDING JAMES EGAN MOULTON AND OTHERS, RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS INAUGURATION, AND FOR THE STRONG CHRISTIAN FOUNDATIONS WHICH HAVE GUIDED AND INSPIRED ITS COMMITMENT TO THE MATURATION AND EDUCATION OF YOUNG MEN, SO MANY OF WHOM HAVE GONE ON TO SERVE THEIR NATION AND BEYOND WITH SELFLESSNESS AND DISTINCTION.
    [Show full text]
  • Ko E Tohi Miniti 'O E Konifelenisi Kakato Hono Hivangofulu 'A E Siasi Uēsiliana Tau'atāina 'O Tonga
    Ko e Tohi Miniti ‘o e Konifelenisi Kakato hono Hivangofulu ‘‘aa ee SSiiaassii UUēēssiilliiaannaa TTaauu‘‘aattāāiinnaa ‘‘oo TToonnggaa ‘Ilo pea tui mo mo’ui’aki ‘a e Folofola ‘a e ‘Otua ‘i he Tohitapu Palesiteni ‘o e Siasi – Rev. Dr. ‘Ahio Sekellitali Lahi – Rev. Dr. Tevita K. Havea Falelotu Fakamanatu Senituli Tūsite 25 Siune – Tūsite 02 Siulai Nuku‘alofa, Tongatapu 2013 ii | Tohi Miniti Hokohoko Peesi Taliui mo e Pāloti ki he Palesiteni mo e Sekelitali 1 Huufi ‘o e Konifelenisi 2 Fehuʻi 1(i): Ko hai ʻa e kau Mēmipa ʻo e Konifelenisi? 7 Kau Fakafofonga Pāloti 7 ‘I Honau Lakanga 7 Ngaahi Vahefonua 8 Ngaahi Potungāue Faka-Konifelenisi 10 Kau Fakafofonga Kaumeʻa 13 Fehuʻi 1(ii): Ko hai kuo fili ke kau ki he Kōmiti Siʻi Fakaikiiki ʻa e Konifelenisi? 21 Fehuʻi 1(iii): Pe kuo pekia ha Faifekau ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e Konifelenisi? 31 Fehuʻi 1(iv): Pe kuo pekia ha Fakafofonga ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e Konifelenisi? 31 Fehuʻi 1(v): Pe kuo pekia ha Setuata FakaKonifelenisi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e Konifelenisi? 31 Fehuʻi 1(vi): Pe kuo pekia ha Faiako Siasi ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e Konifelenisi? 32 Fehuʻi (2): Pe ʻoku ʻi ai ha kole mei ha Vāhenga ke maʻu ha Faifekau? 32 Fehuʻi (3): Pe ʻoku tau pehē ke vahevahe pe liliu ha Vahe pe ha Vāhenga Ngāue? 32 Fehuʻi (4): Pe ʻoku tau pehē ke kamata ha Vāhenga Ngāue foʻou? 32 Fehuʻi (5): ʻOku fēfē ʻetau Tohi Kakai? 32 Fehuʻi (6): Ko e hā ʻa e Fakamatala ki he Ngaahi Potungāue ‘a e Konifelenisi? 32 Fehuʻi (7): Ko e hā ʻa e Fakamatala ki he Potungāue Ako mo e ngaahi Akoʻanga? 32 Fehuʻi (8): Ko e hā haʻatau tuʻutuʻuni ki he ngāue ki Muli?
    [Show full text]
  • 4. Overseas-Born Youth in Tongan High Schools Who They May Not Have Met Before Going to Tonga
    4 Overseas-born youth in Tongan high schools: Learning the hard life Helen Lee Abstract As the Tongan diaspora continues to grow it is increasingly common for the overseas-born children of migrants to attend high school in Tonga for one or more school terms. Sometimes the children themselves initiate the move and are keen to experience Tonga for themselves and ‘understand the culture’. However, other young people have no say in this decision and many perceive their move to Tonga as a form of punishment. My paper explores the discourse around this form of mobility, focusing on ideas around risk, redemption and rite of passage. Tongans have divergent opinions about the value of this ‘return’ to the parents’ homeland and there can be markedly different outcomes for the young people involved. Some Tongans point to the difficulties experienced by overseas-born youth, who are separated from their immediate family, friends and familiar environment and find themselves in a cultural context that can be extremely challenging. However, others see youth sent to Tonga as ‘the lucky ones’ who benefit from their exposure to Tongan culture and language. The young people who overcome the challenges of ‘the hard life’ in Tonga often value the experience as a way to become truly Tongan. 75 MoBILITIEs of RETURN Introduction Return migration has often been depicted as a fraught and challenging form of mobility. Whether it is adult migrants returning after a long sojourn away from home, or their adult children’s ‘roots migration’, or younger children going to their parents’ homeland, the literature is replete with descriptions of feelings of alienation, marginalisation and identity confusion.
    [Show full text]
  • From Computational Linguistics to Algorithmic Historiography
    From Computational Linguistics to Algorithmic Historiography Presented at University of Pittsburgh by Eugene Garfield Chairman Emeritus, ISIâ & Publisher, The Scientistâ 3501 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Tel. 215-243-2205, Fax 215-387-1266 email: [email protected] Home Page: www.EugeneGarfield.org Lazerow Lecture held in conjunction with panel on “Knowledge and Language:Building Large- Scale Knowledge Bases for Intelligent Applications” September 19, 2001 Abstract This Lazerow Lecture was presented to honor the memory of Professor Casimir Borkowski. It coincided with the inauguration of the Casimir Borkowski Scholarship. The introduction is autobiographical and traces our accidental encounter in 1949, after our graduation from Columbia University that year. Our forty-year friendship continued through graduate school with digressions until receiving doctorates at the University of Pennsylvania under Zellig Harris, Casimir in 1958 and myself in 1961. In the fifties, Cas worked for Leon Dostert at Georgetown University in the project involving mechanical translation of Russian to English. After leaving Penn he worked at IBM in Yorktown Heights and then taught at the University Pittsburgh both in the computer science and information science programs. After commenting on the MT problem, the talk segues to work on algorithmic historiography and its relation to Information Retrieval. My work on historical networks began with Irv Sher in 1964 in a project which produced a map showing the development of DNA from Mendel to Niremberg in 1962. The DNA map is the model for future automatic generation of historical or genealogical maps of papers or topics. The technique is illustrated by the example of bibliographic coupling as first enunciated by MM Kessler in 1963.
    [Show full text]