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Fråga-Svar Ukraina. Separatister

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Fråga-Svar Ukraina. Separatister 2015-10-13 Fråga-svar Ukraina. Separatister Fråga • På vilket sätt riskerar en person som deltagit i separatisternas rörelse att straffas om han överlämnar sig till ukrainska myndigheter? • Finns möjlighet till amnesti för en person som inte deltagit i strider? • Önskar uppgifter och tidpunkter för stridigheter som skett i Kramatorsk. • Har personer som arbetat vid vägspärrar/barrikader i Kramatorsk utfört övergrepp mot civilbefolkningen? Svar På vilket sätt riskerar en person som deltagit i separatisternas rörelse att straffas om han överlämnar sig till ukrainska myndigheter? I en intervju i Kyiv Post förklarar en representant från säkerhetstjänsten SBU vilka tänkbara följder ett överlämnande skulle kunna få. Kyiv Post (2015-06-30): A Russian citizen with a “separatist past” has announced plans to defect to the Ukrainian side – but no one seems to know what’s in store for him once he enters Ukraine-held territory. /---/ Olena Hiklianska, a spokeswoman for Ukraine’s security service, known also as the SBU, said Okhotnik’s case was not the first. “If people give themselves up voluntarily and come to us to repent, then, of course, that makes things easier on them. We’ve had many such cases where former separatists come to us and say it was a mistake,” she said. Sida 1 av 10 “He has to come to any office of the SBU and write a full confession and explain the circumstances. I think that if he does that, and expresses his guilt, it will be better,” she said. “We’ve had many people who fought alongside the separatists and later wanted forgiveness for it,” Hiklianska said, adding that in some cases amnesty would be offered. Vladyslav Seleznyov, a spokesman for the Defense Ministry, was unavailable for comment on how the Ukrainian military would react to Okhotnik’s new found allegiance to Ukraine. On whether or not Okhotnik would be jailed, Hiklianska said “it depends on what he did there, whether or not he killed people. There are a lot of nuances that can affect his case.” Annan information som hittats i ämnet har gällt personer som även gjort sig skyldiga till andra brott. Prestupnosty.NET meddelar att en man dömts till åtta års fängelse för samarbete med Donetsk People's Republic (DNR). Mannen var "the head of department of criminal investigation department of Kramatorsk city department of militia" och dömdes även för rån och olaga innehav av vapen och ammunition (Prestupnosty.NET 2015-06-02). Prestupnosty.NET har också rapporterat om en annan DNR-anhängare som dömts till nio år i fängelse för försök till terrordåd, efter han gripits med sprängmedel som skulle användas till att spränga en militärbas (Prestupnosty.NET 2015-05-13). Finns möjlighet till amnesti för en person som inte deltagit i strider? Det har länge varit tal om amnestier (se Lifos 34808 för mer information), men i skrivande stund har ingen lag antagits. The Financial Times (2015-10-06) There is another stand-off over an amnesty for rebels, as required under the Minsk agreements. Separatist leaders want blanket amnesty. But, fearing a backlash from voters already unhappy about a deep recession and punishing austerity, Kiev’s pro-western leadership insists it should be granted on an individual and selective basis. Frågan är fortfarande aktuell och diskuterades senast i början av oktober vid ett möte i Frankrike. The Globe and Mail (2015-10-02): Russian President Vladimir Putin met the leaders of Ukraine, France and Germany on Friday in a revived European push to bring peace to eastern Ukraine. --- Still, a senior French diplomat expressed guarded optimism about the Ukraine talks, expected to address more autonomy for eastern regions, upcoming Ukrainian elections, possible amnesty for separatists, withdrawing weapons and securing the border. Ytterligare en vecka senare kom signaler om att amnestier eventuellt kan införas, men om och när det faktiskt blir av är oklart. NZHerald (2015-10- 08): MOSCOW (AP) " Ukrainian Foreign Minister Pavlo Klimkin has indicated that Kiev would be willing to offer only temporary immunity for any separatist leaders running in the upcoming elections in the east. Klimkin said in comments carried by the Interfax news agency on Wednesday that Kiev is willing to announce amnesty in eastern Ukraine but insisted that anyone who committed crimes against humanity will not be covered. Önskar uppgifter och tidpunkter för stridigheter som skett i Kramatorsk. Majoriteten av striderna kring Kramatorsk inträffade mellan april och första veckan i juli 2014, då separatister höll kontroll över staden och de ukrainska styrkorna kämpade för att återta den. Nedan följer en sammanställning från olika källor. 12 april tog ett 20-tal beväpnade separatister över den centrala polisstationen i Kramatorsk (Newsweek 2014-04-12; Kyiv Post 2014-04- 12). En separatistkontrollerad vägspärr placerades också vid flygfältet (Censor.net 2014-04-13; Kyiv Post 2014-04-14). 15 april återtog regeringsstyrkor kontrollen över Kramatorsk flygfält (Kyiv Post 2014-04-16) vilket enligt ryska medier resulterade i ett antal döda separatister (The Voice of Russia 2014-04-15). Enligt brittiska The Guardian skadades två och ingen dog (The Guardian 2014-04-16). Den 16 april fråntogs den ukrainska armén sex stycken bepansrade fordon inne i Kramatorsk, fordon som sedan skickades till en separatiststyrka i Sloviansk (BBC 2014-04-16). 25 april sköts en transporthelikopter ned när den skulle lyfta från flygfältet. Piloten skottskadades och helikoptern, som innehöll ammunition, exploderade (The Independent 2014-04-25; Kyiv Post 2014-04-25). 2 maj återtog den ukrainska armén kontrollen över tv-tornet i Kramatorsk (The Guardian, 2014-05-02). Enligt rysk media dog tio separatister i de efterföljande striderna (RT 2014-05-03). Dödstalen har inte gått att verifiera (The Guardian 2014-05-04). Striderna var del i en större offensiv av den ukrainska armén som syftade till att återta kontrollen över staden (Channel 4 2014-05-03). Den ukrainska sidan rapporterades också under natten mot 3 maj ha återtagit SBU:s byggnad (The Guardian 2014-05-04). På eftermiddagen den 3 maj hade separatisterna enligt egen utsago enbart kontroll över stadens centrala torg (RT 2014-05-03). 4 maj drog sig de ukrainska styrkorna tillbaka till flygfältet, varpå separatisterna återtog kontrollen över polishuset och SBU:s byggnad (AA 2014-05-04). Vid en eldutväxling vid en vägspärr dödades en civilist av skott från den ukrainska sidan (The Telegraph 2014-05-04; Reuters/NBC 2014-05-05). 13 maj attackerades en ukrainsk militär enhet i närheten av Kramatorsk, med sju döda soldater och en död separatist som följd. Enlig försvarsministeriet exploderade ett pansarskyttefordon när det träffades av skott från ett raketgevär. Under den efterföljande eldstriden dödades och skadades flera soldater (BBC 2014-05-13; The Star Online 2014-05-15). 15 maj rapporterade försvarsministeriet att ukrainska styrkor förstört ett rebelläger i en skog utanför Kramatorsk samt tagit tre separatister till fånga (Daily Sabah 2014-05-16). 2 juni utbröt enligt rysk media en eldstrid mellan ukrainska styrkor och separatister vid flygfältet. Det finns uppgifter att tre separatister dödades i området samma natt (Tass 2014-06-03; BBC 2014-06-03). 10 juni förekom ytterligare eldstrider vid Kramatorsk flygfält (Kyiv Post 2014-06-10). Enligt uppgifter från separatistledaren Igor Strelkov förstördes samma dag en ukrainsk vägspärr mellan Slaviansk och Kramatorsk, med sju dödade ukrainska soldater som följd (The Voice of Russia 2014-06-10). 14 juni gjordes ett flyganfall mot separatister i Kramatorsk, då enligt ukrainska uppgifter runt 40 separatister dödades (The Voice of Russia 2014- 06-10). 25 juni meddelade separatistrepresentanter att de hört fem explosioner i närheten av flygfältet i Kramatorsk (The Voice of Russia 2014-06-26). En ukrainsk journalist skrev samma dag att separatister försökte ta över flygfältet (Unian 2014-06-26). 27 juni dödades fyra ukrainska soldater när separatister anföll en vägspärr i närheten av Kramatorsk (Tasnim News Agency 2014-06-27; The Star Online 2014-06-27) 1 juli besköts en stadsbuss varpå 4 personer dog och fem skadades (Unian 2014-07-01). 5 juli övergav separatisterna Kramatorsk och Sloviansk och drog sig tillbaka till staden Donetsk, enligt ukrainska myndigheter efter separatisterna beskjutits med granateld (BBC 2014-07-05; RT 2014-07-05). Enligt uppgifter från en källa dog ett 50-tal personer under stridigheterna (Kyiv Post 2014-07-08). Siffran har inte gått att bekräfta från andra källor. 10 februari 2015 bombades staden på nytt av separatister, för första gången sedan sommaren 2014. Flera explosioner hördes från området kring flygfältet och enligt ukrainska uppgifter dödades sju till åtta civilpersoner och fyra soldater. Mellan 30 och 40 personer skadades (Kyiv Post 2015-02- 10; The Telegraph 2015-02-10). Senare uppgifter har gjort gällande att 15 personer dog och 63 skadades (Ukraine Today 2015-07-06). Har personer som arbetat vid vägspärrar/barrikader i Kramatorsk utfört övergrepp mot civilbefolkningen? Enligt UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) har det förekommit trakasserier av människor som uppfattats lämna det separatiststyrda området, men utöver det har ingen information gått att hitta om att separatister vid vägspärrar kring Kramatorsk begått övergrepp mot civilbefolkningen. OHCHR (2014-06-15): After the “referendum” and with the intensification of violence, other residents of the region have started leaving their homes in areas affected by violence due to the illegal activities of armed groups and the security operations, particularly in the areas of Slovyansk and Kramatorsk. Many remain within the eastern regions in rural areas, as IDPs have been reporting harassment at checkpoints if they were perceived to be leaving the region to seek protection. (s. 26) Denna sammanställning av information/länkar är baserad på informationssökningar gjorda under en begränsad tid. Den är sammanställd utifrån noggrant utvalda och allmänt tillgängliga informationskällor. Alla använda källor refereras. All information som presenteras, med undantag av obestridda/uppenbara fakta, har dubbelkontrollerats om inget annat anges.
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