Guide to Best Installation Practices of Siding Hardwood Of

Guide to best installation practices of siding hardwood

Short version Project Managers

Myriam Drouin, specialist support for innovation, Business Intelligence, FPInnovations Nicolas Pearson, industrial advisor, FPInnovations. Thanks

The production of this guide was the result of a team effort, several employees took part in its drafting:

Writing :

• Alain Gagnon / Martin Scallon, Ridge Group

• Benoit Schmitt Maibec

• Eric Venne Concept Group PV

• Guy Simard, APCHQ - Quebec Region

• Jean-Luc Ouellette / Alain Lavoie, Juste-du-Pin

• Jean-René Jacob / Pierre Beaudoin, Maxi-Forêt

• Lara Sioui Premium Coating

• Michel Brunet, Goodfellow

• Simon Martin, Fraser Wood Siding secondary contributors:

• Donia Melanson MEL Innovation

• Julie Côté, Ceiling Paneling & Co. Inc.

Realization of technical drawings:

• Louise Armstrong

• Appalachian Wood Solutions Inc. funding:

This guide was funded by the niche of excellence Signature Bois Laurentides via the Ministry of Economy, Science and Innovation, the Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks of Quebec and Natural Resources Canada. Warnings

Although this guide was designed with the greatest possible accuracy, in accordance with the current practice of installing wood siding, Cecobois is not responsible for any errors or omissions that may arise from the use of this guide. Anyone using this guide fully assumes all risks and responsibilities.

This guide presents the best manufacturers installation practices. It is complementary to codes and standards and installation guides manufacturers, but does not replace them nor substitute for it. Therefore it is the duty and responsibility of the installer to consider all available documentation before performing the work to ensure that the guarantees offered by manufacturers to apply.

Finally, in order to simplify the drawings which illustrate this guide does not represent all construction details required to comply with the requirements of codes and standards. mention

This version of the installation Best Practices Guide of the exterior cladding Solid wood is a shortened version. The full version of the guide can be obtained from FPInnovations (www.fpinnovations.ca). Cecobois worked for the layout and publication of this guide.

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood Short version i Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood ii Short version Contents

Project Managers i

Thanks i

Warnings ii mention ii

Contents iii

1. Preparation 1

1.1 Receipt and storage of material on site 1

1.2 Materials Required 2

1.3 Recovery and fixes to the wall 2

1.4 Furs 3

1.5 Outline of the openings 5

1.6 Junctions with other coatings 7

2. Installation 9

2.1 Clearances 9

2.2 ventilation openings 9

2.3 Arrangement of lengths and butt joints 13

2.4 Cups 14

2.5 Alterations 15

2.6 coating Fixing 16

2.7 Coating Exposure 19

2.8 Caulk 21

3. Maintenance 23

3.1 Cleaning 23

3.2 Minor fixes 23

4. References 24

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood Short version iii Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood iv Short version Preparation 1

1.1 Receipt and storage of material on The coating must be stored in a location where it will retain its initial state, i.e. a dry and ventilated space, unheated, on a flat, dry surface site and at a distance of 6 inches (15 cm) from the floor to allow

Good practices pose exterior wood coating lies begin with a ventilation under the package ( Figure 1). reception and proper storage of equipment. Upon receipt, an The perfect example is a carport with sides open or gazebo. When inspection is required. The customer must ensure that the product such a place is available, the package can remain open during the corresponds well sponds to the model, color and quantity ordered. If work. Otherwise, keep permanently the fabric supplied by the the coating is delivered damaged, it should not be installed. The manufacturer on the package, provided that it retains its sealing, alteration of the packaging should get your attention. When a otherwise it must be replaced by an equivalent new canvas. It is also problem is found, it must immediately contact the supplier. The required to keep the plastic film between the boards to prevent manufacturer or supplier of coating is usually not required to replace them from sticking on each other. Whether or not in a suitable a damaged coating once it has been installed or altered in any way shelter, the coating remaining end of the day must be protected and whatsoever. at least covered with the canvas provided by the manufacturer.

It is recommended to proceed as quickly as possible to install the siding after its receipt in order to prevent the risk of variation in moisture content of the product, which would result in warping boards or varying dimensions. Optimum storage conditions are your best ally to maintain the quality and stability of your siding, and, of receiving up his pose.

FIGURE 1 • Coating site storage

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood Short version 1 1.2 Materials Required 1.3 Recovery and fixes to the wall

Before starting work on site, the person responsible must ensure to have at its disposal all the hardware required for installation. The list To ensure proper installation, the wall covering must have a good below shows the main requirements: general flatness. Important differences in flatness between two or more adjacent furs deform the wall covering and the resulting waves Coating and molding will sometimes facili- LEMENT visible depending on the incidence of • good color light. Important waves also risk too compelling fastening systems to

• good profile maintain the liner in place. Corrections are recommended when the wobble amplitude is exceeded 5 mm (0.2 in) of a fur from the two • Sufficient adjacent furs ( Figure 2). finishing product for retouching (provided by the coating manufacturer) • good color • Sufficient - 5 mm Installation Accessories • metal starter strips • metal moldings for high walls or nets

FIGURE 2 • Ripple amplitude of a fur from the two adjacent fur Solin and • Mosquito weather barrier) • Staples and / or nails recommended by the The installer must check that the flashing and the front weathering manufacturer are present, they are installed in accordance with applicable codes Tools and the installation meets the requirements of the manufacturer. • Nailer or pneumatic stapler Recall that the purpose of the weather barrier and flashing is to 1) coating, 2) the moldings (if required) discharge water to the outside. A failure may cause water infiltration and premature deterioration of the wall. Flashing seal the building • Compressors with sufficient capacity to supply air to between two different types of components. The installer must pneumatic equipment ensure that the necessary flashings are made properly ( Figure 3) according to the codes and standards, and are present at the following • Laser level appropriate places: • manual level • Miter saw • Saw around • Blade finish • Openings (doors and windows) • Brake slitting (to manufacture flashings) • Wall / roof • Hammer • Fireplace • hammerhead plastic tip • Transition with another type of coating or surface • Slitting chisel • end or brush applicator

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood 2 Short version STOP END Minimum 25 mm Lack Image (About 1 inch) High-Resolution

6% slope outwardly Go minimum 50 mm (about 2 inches) below the intermediate coating membrane

VERTICAL COVER

projection Minimum 10 mm Minimum 5 mm (about 3/8 in) (about 3/16 in)

FIGURE 3 • flashings specifications for the openings (Source: APCHQ)

1.4 Furs All furs must be securely fixed to the building structure. So that the cavity is drained and ventilated effectively, only the vertical strapping For proper maintenance of a laughing exté- solid wood coating, it is are accepted directly on the weather barrier to 407 mm (16 inches) important to put in place the necessary furs. The size of the fur, their (center to center). The best practices are therefore to install furs as arrangement and their spacing depend principally used the coating the main installation methods presented the following figures. profile (width, thickness) and the orientation of the surround strips (horizontal, vertical, diagonal). When it comes to remodeling, it is required to replace the furs place if they are damaged, in whole or in part as appropriate.

16 "C / C

1.4.1 Types of Fur

The furs are commonly used in wood: pine slats, jack pine, spruce (SPF) or marine grade plywood of the same size. The coating is then nailed or stapled to the fur. In some commercial or institutional facilities tional, metal fur, for example, galvanized steel, Z-profile or Omega, are sometimes used. In this case, it is required to add a background wooden nailing as described above.

1.4.2 Dimensions and arrangement of fur

In residential and commercial construction, the pro- rure commonly used is 25 mm (1 inch) x 76 mm (3 in) on the market. Some conditions are more severe than others and neces- sitent a thicker or FIGURE 4 • Provision furs for the horizontal coating wider nailing base, for example, in the presence of large profiles, dark shades and / or highly exposed to the sun faces.

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood Short version 3 16 "C / C 12 "C / C 16 "C / C 16 "C / C 16 "C / C OR

FIGURE 5 • Provision for vertical fur coating

16 "C / C • Or compartmentalize, interrupting and expul- sant the air

12 "C / C space by integrating new openings and air outlets in each wall section (up to 6 meters). Refer to Figure 16 to see the impact on the pro- rures the cutoff of the air gap at the second floor.

1.4.4 Fixing fur

The furs must be securely fastened to the wall ossa- ture. It is recommended that the fixing nètre pe- solid frame of at least 32 mm (1 ¼ inch) deep. According to the manufacture of the wall and the existing energy efficiency standard for the building envelope, it is now common for adding insulation on the outside walls. Fastener lengths must be adjusted accordingly so that they penetrate at least 32 mm (1 ¼ inches) in the backbone.

The type recommended fixing is twisted nail retsina. Two (2) studs FIGURE 6 • Disposition fur coating for diagonal are installed furs bits then a nail (1) every 304 mm (12 inches) of vertical space. For installation modes that require dual lathing, 1.4.3 Surface coating over 6 meters high second in furs requires two (2) nails to fur pieces and also two (2) nails every fur in the front row (16 inches - 407 mm).

The dimensions and spacing of the presented above furs prevail for the walls of a maximum tor heights of 6 meters. If the coating plan area exceeds this height, to ensure effective ventilation must:

• Or further increase the thickness of rures pro- and opening at the top and bottom walls;

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood 4 Short version 1.4.5 Characteristics of the facility • To meet Code requirements, it must also prevent the air layer is contiguous to the roof construction under vacuum 1. When the outside of the wall is flush with the foundation, it is recommended that the furs re- cover the foundation of at least 25 So that ventilation is optimal, the rear cavity must have minimum mm (1 inch). If the wall is recessed relative to the foundation, or dimensions. It is generally recommended that the open area of the when there masonry wall base, refer to Figure 12 and 15 for the design rear cavity is at least 10 mm ( 3/8 in). The size and position dis- fur and recommendation mendations. the percentage of aeration tion of the installed ventilation component (molding, fly, etc.) determines that dimension.

1.4.6 Protective barriers

The presence fur allows the creation of a ventilated cavity between 1.5 Outline of the openings the wall and the coating. The presence of this cavity, or air knife is Before installing the fur and / or moldings to the contours of the essential because it allows the discharge of water, moisture and heat openings (doors, windows, conduits, etc.), it is necessary to ensure that could otherwise accumulate there. Thus, it is essential to open the continuity of the tightness of the weather barrier membrane to this cavity, the top and bottom walls as well as openings, to ensure a block the infiltration of water in the wall structure. Second, we must good air circulation in the cavity. These openings must at all times ask metal flashing on top of all windows and doors to put per- remain free of caulk or other material obstructing the air flow. dripping water. The weather barrier should overlap the flashing 2 in. Fur must leave a gap of about 25 mm (1 inch) above the horizontal portion of the flashing so as to not be visible once the covering installed. then installs the fur making sure not to press directly on the framing of the opening date to allow water drainage and easy The F42 functional statement of the National Building Code (NBC) installation or replacement of openness. Figure 8): stipulates that the building must resist the intrusion of harmful animals and insects (NRC, 2012). Thus, it is recommended to install, bottom and top walls, ventilation components (molding, fly, etc.) to prevent rodents and insects to lodge lies behind the coating (anti-fence rodent or metal screen) ( Figure 7). Some manufacturers offer metal moldings that offer this protection. NOTES: • 25 mm (1 inch) above the opening, either above the flashing • 12 mm (½ inch) on the sides of the opening • Avoid installing a horizontal fur at the bottom and top of the • 12 mm (½ inch) below the opening wall, as it will prevent proper ventilation and free drainage.

Toasting anti-rodent Mosquito horizontal fur at the top and bottom of the wall to be avoided FIGURE 7 • Protective barriers at the top and bottom walls

1 https://www.garantiegcr.com/fr/echo-gcr/protection-minimale-contre-les-infiltrations-de-precipitations/

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood Short version 5 Solin 25 mm (1 ")

12 mm ( 1/2 ") 12 mm ( 1/2 ")

12 mm ( 1/2 ") Ventilation Component

a) Front View

visor weather Fur

Ventilation Component

25 mm (1 10 mm ( 3/8 Solin ") ")

Solin

10 mm ( 3/8

Coating Ventilation Component Fur

Weather Barrier

b) Cross-section

FIGURE 8 • Preparing walls contour openings (without moldings) Ventilation Component

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood 6 Short version In the case where the moldings are installed to the frame openings, the flashing is placed over the molding from above, but the same arrangement of fur applies ( Figure 9).

Fur Weather Barrier

(3 mm 1/8

10 mm ( 3/8 25 mm (1 ") ")

Ventilation Component Decorative Molding

Solin

10 mm ( 3/8 Decorative molding Solin ")

Ventilation Component Solin

Coating Fur

Weather Barrier

FIGURE 9 • Preparation of the walls to the contour openings (with moldings)

1.6 Junctions with other coatings 1.6.1 masonry Muret

Generally, a stone sill is installed above a masonry wall. We must then ask for flashing dripping water. The top of the flashing should be It regularly happens that the walls of a house are covered by more under the weather barrier and under the furs. Fur must leave a space than one type of coating. It is not uncommon for example a solid of 38 mm (1 ½ inches) above the horizontal portion of the flashing. In wood coating is accompanied by a low wall masonry, screwed stone this case, the flashing just sit on the sill and caulking is applied to or imitation stone. The principles to be observed here are set up prevent water seepage under the flashing. Depending on the flashing necessary for water drainage and to arrange an opening thickness of the masonry, a clearance of 10 mm ( 3/8 inches) to 25 mm above the flashings for ventilation and drainage. At the junction of (1 inch) between the covering and the flashing will be retained. To two coatings, the clearance between the coating and the flashing will encourage good ventilation and good drainage, wood should not be be, depending on the width of the projecting member, minimally 10 in contact with the flat surface of the flashing. Therefore, no caulking mm ( 3/8 in). For elements projecting large widths, the spacing may be should be applied to the junction between the flashing and wood increased to 25 mm (1 inch). siding.

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood Short version 7 Coating Fur

Weather Barrier

38 mm (1 ") 38 mm (1

1/2 ")

Solin

Ventilation Component

Concrete Tablet

Brick

FIGURE 10 • Preparing walls at the junction of a masonry wall

1.6.2 Any other material with is necessary ( Figure 11). Since this coating section keeps the continuity of the ventilation, it is included in the maximum 6 meters of ventilated air space road surface height (section 2.2.1).

For other covering with air gap sufficiently ventilated (open space of

at least 10 mm ( 3/8 inch) continuous), only one transition flashing

Weather Barrier

Fur

Coating

10 mm ( 3/8

Solin

Peter screwed

Ventilation Component

FIGURE 11 • Preparing walls at the junction of a screwed stone wall (or imitation stones)

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood 8 Short version 2 installation

2.1 Clearances 2.2 ventilation openings

Exterior wood coating must meet the following minimum distances to the underlying surface to avoid deterioration in the presence of 2.2.1 Openings for conversion moisture or water in the vicinity: As described above, the best practice recommends setting up openings in the top and bottom walls, which openings communicate • 203 mm (8 inches) from the ground directly with the back cavity. These openings are crucial for draining • 51 mm (2 inches) relative to an inclined roof covering water, moisture and heat which could accumulate behind the coating. On a foundation wall, which is normally aligned on the wall, this • 203 mm (8 inches) in relation to a flat roofing openness does not apply because the cavity is directly exposed. By cons, if the foundation protrudes from the wall outwardly, a flashing • 51 mm (2 in) compared to a patio must be installed and an aperture of 10 mm ( 3/8 inches) should be established between the coating and the flashing ( Figure 13). • 25 mm (1 inch) compared to tablets In situations where it is difficult to meet these clearances, the responsibility tor returns to the conceptual or building contractor to adapt the design and installation to achieve the same objective by other means.

2 ' 2 '

FIGURE 12 • Releasing the coating to water and wetlands 8 '

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood Short version 9 Weather Barrier Coating

Ventilation Component Fur

25 mm (1 ")

10 mm ( 3/8

") 8 '

8 '

a) Foundation flush with the wall

Weather Barrier Ventilation Component Fur Coating 3/8 ") ") 10 mm ( 25 mm (1

Solin

b) projecting from the foundation wall

FIGURE 13 • Bottom opening walls

Top of the wall, the minimum of 10 mm ( 3/8 inches) of free open- ture important to mention the requirement of CNB (NRC, (free of obstructions) also applies between the coating and the roof, 2015) or cutting off the contiguity between the rear cavity and the but its realization will be different according to the type of roof. It is under-roof space. Several solutions are possible, including the two examples presented in figures 14 and 15.

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood 10 Short version Roof truss

(51x51 mm)

Solin 2 "x2" 10 mm ( 3/8

soffit fascia

10 mm ( 3/8

") Perforated Ventilation Component

Weather Barrier Fur

Note: Flashing 2 "x2" (51x51 mm) is an example of means for cutting the continguité Coating between the rear cavity of the covering and vacuum-roof. Other means may be valid. Please refer to the responsible authorities.

a) With eaves

Solin

10 mm ( 3/8

Solin ")

Roof Truss

Ventilation Component

Coating Weather Barrier

Coating

Fur

b) Without eave

FIGURE 14 • Opening the top of the walls with and without overhang

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood Short version 11 perforated soffit

Flashing 2 "x2" Roof (51x51 mm)

fascia 10 mm ( 3/8

10 mm ( 3/8

Weather Barrier Ventilation Component Fur Coating

a) In horizontal coating

Flashing 2 "x2" perforated soffit (51x51 mm) Roof

10 mm ( 3/8

") fascia

10 mm ( 3/8

Ventilation Component

Fur

Weather Barrier Coating

b) vertical siding

FIGURE 15 • Opening the top of a gable

Second, recall that for a wall whose surface plane is more than 6 ventilation should be increased to compensate for a greater volume meters, it is required to cross the air gap by free openings of 10 mm ( of air to be ventilated. It is suggested to position the cut at the floor

3/8 in), as shown in Figure 16. belts.

Alternatively, the thickness of the drainage cavity and

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood 12 Short version Ventilation Component Fur Weather Barrier

10 mm ( 3/8

Solin

Coating

FIGURE 16 • Interruption of the air gap for coating surfaces exceeding 6 m in height

2.2.2 Open area of the rear cavity of 2.3 Arrangement of lengths and butt joints the coating

The open area of the rear cavity depends on the thickness of the To achieve a natural effect and distribute the effects of shrinkage or fur, the spacing of furs and ventilation of the ventilation component longitudinal expansion potential, it is preferable to vary the board (move- lure, fly, etc.). Components of ventilation whose perforations lengths and distributing the butt joints on the wall to prevent them (quantities and dimensions) allow free passage of air and which are from being aligned. We must therefore plan the distribution lengths equivalent to a free space open for a minimum of 10 mm ( 3/8 in) on the wall as follows: continuous, top and bottom walls, assu- reront respect the minimum open area for the majority of situations batten walls. These vertures • Distribute the boards so as to limit the number of or- must not be obstructed by the trating calfeu- or any other matter joints on the wall that could affect the passage of air. • Placing the lengths depending on the length of the spaces to be covered to minimize the number of cuts

• Whenever possible, avoid seals over the openings to limit the potential seepage points

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood Short version 13 • It is recommended not to put two plates of 12 ft (3.66 m) 2.4 Cups to 16 ft (4.88 m) butt

• It is recommended to insert shorter lengths between the 2.4.1 How to make the cuts long boards For a quality cut, use a finishing blade. Regular cutting blades tend to • A vertical transition molding, wood or metal, is necessary if perform non smooth rough cuts. it is desired to make wall sections fixed lengths

Layout of non tongue and groove cladding Cup abutment: In the case of coating not tongue and groove, it is required to align It is recommended to make butting cuts angle of 22.5 °, compared the seals on the fur in order to firmly secure the ends of the surround with a 90 ° cut, made for a higher quality and to avoid seeing through strips against each other. the joint event shrinkage of wood. The angle of 22.5 ° is suggested to prevent fraying or breakage after the cut, with respect to a 45 ° cut. It is not necessary to provide a space, because the tips must be Tongue and groove arrangement of the coating (seal supported on each other. arrangement lost) Many manufacturers now offer coating plates whose ends are profiled groove and tongue (tongue and groove). This maximizes the use of wood and lengths in an assembly called "joint Lost" and facilitates the random distribution of butt joints on the wall. In the case of parts installed vertically, moldings, coatings, etc., it is imperative to make a cut with an angle favoring the drainage of water outwardly.

In the case of parts laid horizontally, it is suggested to make a cut with an angle will be directed to the least visible side of the building. As will be specified in section 2.5, it is important to apply a finishing product to the ends of the parts before installation.

junction Cup: When a cut should be made to define an area or an opening, it is recommended to make 90 ° angle cuts while providing a clearance of

about 3 mm ( 1/8 inches) in length to allow movement of the wood. This spacing will be covered by a sealant (section 2.8). For outside corners of wall, 45 ° cut is avoided delimitation of outer corner because the movements of the wood over time Just let RONT appear openings for water infiltration. Rather, it is recommended to use outside corner moldings.

In the case of using metal-lic corner moldings, the same spacing and caulking precautions apply.

FIGURE 17 • Arrangement of lengths and joints

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood 14 Short version Wall structure Wall structure

Fur furs horizontal coating

Cup 90 º horizontal coating Cup 22.5 º - tips supported Molding wedge or Spacing (3 mm 1/8 ") and caulking framing

Cup abutting junction Cup

FIGURE 18 • Cut to be made to butt joints and junction

2.4.2 Defects removed before installing 2.5 Alterations

The wood contains character brands that enhance its aesthetic value. It is in the light of these characteristics a pre Repair work is 2.5.1 Why and how do retouching done in the factory, following strict quality and well detailed criteria to remove the deficiencies which may let in water in the coating. Despite this, some anomalies can be found in the final product. During installation, alteration of surface finish, such as cuts or laying Additionally, transportation and handling can cause breakage. bindings, can cause water infiltration and degrade the product. Therefore, it is the customer or installer to provide a percentage loss Wherever wood is exposed, it must be protected against potential for any mate- riau to cut, and make a final check of the boards prior damage by reapplying sufficient quantity of the finishing product. The to installation. On the other hand, it may happen that a customer or goal of retouching is to seal the exposed parts must finish using the installer wants to remove some brands of character, in whole or in product supplied or recommended by the manufacturer. minimally part, for a more consistent, streamlined. must apply a layer of quantity sufficient to saturate the pores. A second layer may be desirable in some cases. The alterations must be made using a pin- CWater or size applicator comparable to retouching to perform. It is important not to reapply product retouching over the finish up for not altering the appearance. For example, during an apparent rents nails installation, the head of the bare nails must be touched to the tip of the brush without overflowing the woods around.

2.5.2 Application conditions

As the purpose of retouching is to seal parts of bare wood, it is essential that the conditions allow the product to penetrate the wood. For this, the wood and finishing product must be at a suitable temperature such that the viscosity of the finished product is optimal. In this, the coating manufacturers refer to their manufacture cant finishing products and it is usually a temperature above 10 ° C.

FIGURE 19 • Final inspection to be done by the installer

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood Short version 15 • ringed body

• Flathead and textured 1/4 inches in diameter. • Minimum length: o 51 mm (2 in) minimum for coating

and moldings of 19 mm ( 3/4 inch) or less thick. o 64 mm

(2 1/2 inch) minimum for coating

ment and 32 mm beads (1 1/4 inch) or less thick. o For thicker moldings and coatings,

refer to the recommendations of the manu- biller.

It is prohibited to use mild steel fasteners unprotected against corrosion because rust will stain the coating surface finish and compromise the integrity of the binding.

FIGURE 20 • Application of retouching

When two layers are required, it is necessary that the first coat to dry before applying the second, unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer of the finishing product.

It is important to protect the product against freezing retouching before and during use to avoid changing its properties.

2.6 coating Fixing

2.6.1 Types of fixing Clip For coating with no visible fasteners (interlocking grooves and tongues system), the use of the clip is recommended for all fasteners are concealed. The specifications are:

• For cedar siding: staple made from stainless steel 304 (or 316 for coastal regions) only

• For other species: staples made of stainless steel 304 (or 316 for coastal areas) or galvanized steel

Nail • Caliber: 16 The type of fixing recommended for installation of the coating • Minimum width: 11 mm ring ( 7/16 in) exposed to fasteners as well as move- burns is the nail. The specifications are: • Minimum length: 51 mm (2 in) • For cedar siding: nails made of stainless steel 304 (or 316 • resinated for coastal regions) only

• For other species: nails made of stainless steel 304 (or 316 for coastal areas) or galvanized hot dip

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood 16 Short version However, some fasteners may be dissimu- Lées when laying a 2.6.3 Positioning of fasteners coating without visible fixings: coating plates whose interlocking system has been cut or where the stapler can not access. The highlight Coating with no visible fasteners described above provided by the manufacturer can be used in For coating with no visible fasteners, the bottom boards is particular in the following situations: maintained by fitting in the plate beneath. By against the top of the board to be fixed with two fasteners by fur. To this end, many manufacturers indicate a staple line on their profiles. If this line is not

• Starter Course at the bottom of the wall present, the clip should be positioned to be covered by the board from above and insé- GetMap the angle of incidence required to • coating board above an opening (window or door) cross the board throughout its thickness, not just in the upper tongue. It is necessary to use two clips per pelt with a recommended spacing • coating board under a window of 19 mm ( 3/4 inches) between the clips ( Figure 21a). Some • Coverboard coating the top of the wall manufacturers also offer an adaptable guide certain commercial staplers, to ensure the proper position and mounting angle. 2.6.2 anchorage depth

Article 9.27.5.7.2) of the National Building Code (NRC, 2015) states that for optimum performance of the coating, fasteners must cross furs or penetrate at least 25 mm (1 in) in a solid backing. This nailing base may be composed of a combination of a fur and solid wood (OSB, plywood, CLT). Calculating the depth of penetration into the backing to consider the thickness of the coating installed and the 3/4 " angle of incidence.

Clip # 1 Clip # 2

For the majority of 19 mm coverings ( 3/4 inch) thick or less, a staple of

51 mm (2 inches) in length, placed at an incident angle between 20 horizontal coating and 30 degrees will pass through the fur as specified in the National Building Code of Canada (NRC, 2015) . Similarly, insertion of a nail vertical fur of 51 mm (2 inches) in length at a right angle (90 degrees) on a coating of varying thickness lies between 19 and 25 mm ( 3/4 and 1 inch), completely cross the fur. a) Line stapling

The corner moldings and framing whose thickness is 32 mm (1 ¼ Positioning inches) and the attached cover ne- cessitent using a nail of 64 mm (2 the clip ½ inches) minimum, which will through the fur.

b) hidden by the plate of the above

FIGURE 21 • Point fixing staples on coatings

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood Short version 17 Exposed fasteners coating (head nails) For molding, only one point of attachment is recommended for widths The coating exposed fasteners whose width varies between 100 and less than 51 mm (2 inches), while two attachment points are required 152 mm (4 and 6 inches) must be nailed to about 25 mm (1 inch) for widths greater than 51 mm (2 inches), each point being located at from the bottom of the surround strips comprised of one fastener (1 about 19 mm ( 3/4 inches) from the shore. Ideally, for all widths, the nail) by fur. The highlight has to pass through the coating in its full fastening points are spaced 407 mm (16 inches) or less. thickness and be far enough from the lower lip to prevent its bursting.

25 mm - When the coating has a width of 203 mm (8 inches) and a second (1 inch) fixation is minimally required. So there are two nails to a minimum by ironing on each fur.

25 mm - (1 inch) Refer to manufacturer installation guide for details on the number 19 mm ( 3/4 in) and positioning of attachments for different types of profiles.

51 mm and + (2 in)

51 mm and - (2 in)

19 mm ( 3/4 inches)

inch) FIGURE 23 • Fixing points of the nails on the moldings adequate Laying a fixing

For optimum performance of the coating, it is important to follow these instructions: • Penetration of the head (or crown) The head nails or staples wheelbase is well rely on wood and does not penetrate the surface, a) coating 100 and 152 mm (4 to 6 inches) because the perforation becomes a water infiltration point and weakens the holding of the board.

± 75 mm (3 inches) • While supporting the coating plate before fixing.

• Avoid stapling or nailing too close to the banks to prevent the wood broke. • Sometimes it is ideal for coating pre-drill to fasten the boards when the binding is too close to the shore or end. ± 25 mm (1 inch)

b) coating of 203 mm (8 inches) and ± 25 mm (1

FIGURE 22 • Fixing points nails on coatings (Source:)

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood 18 Short version a) Nails b) Staples

FIGURE 24 • Fastener penetration

2.7 Coating Exposure Bottom of the wall and starter course 7a - With wire mesh ventilated: 1- Install the wire mesh on all walls to be coated in the line of reference, ensuring that it overlaps the concrete soiling 25 mm (1 inch) ( Figure 13).

2- Ask the forefront of coating the pressing in the metal molding and orienting the male tongue and groove upwards. 7b - Without starting metal mesh ventilated: 1- Using a stapler, install the mosquito quaire by inserting it in furs and folding it over. 2- Install the first board coating

2.7.1 Installing a horizontal coating along the reference line. 3- cladding board must overlap

concrete soiling of 25 mm (1 inch). 7c - With 1- With a laser level, locating the reference line to cover the lowest point from the walls to be coated. horizontal wood finish molding: 1- Install the net or mesh metal- 2. Mark the reference line on all lic ventilation as described above by inserting it under perimeter of the building and reproduce high on the wall as a fur and by folding over. 2- Install the wood finish molding reference during the installation of cladding boards. If the hori- building has more than one floor, extend the reference line as and installation. 3- zontal along the reference line. The molding must overlap the concrete soiling of 1 inch (25 mm). 3- Install the inside and outside corner moldings aligning Install flashing to protect the surface their base on the reference line. plane of the finish molding in a horizontal timber. Be Note: Some installers will prefer to temporary parts instead of sure to leave a clearance of 10 mm (3/8 inch) between permanent moldings to be installed at the end. the horizontal surface of the flashing and the ends of the vertical boards. This clearance must be free of caulk or other obstructing matter. Refer to the moldings on the 4- Install framing moldings (doors, windows, etc.). 5- top openings ( Figure 9).

Install all necessary flashings (Section 1.4). 6. For each of the wall sections to be coated, provide for the distribution boards according to the board 8. Mark the corners of the walls adjacent to all lengths available. This will allow you to minimize losses and 4th row, and so on until the top of the wall. These brands get a more aesthetic result (Section 2.3). will ensure you align the ranks of a wall to another.

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood Short version 19 Once the starting grid and the first row installed at all on the walls, 4- Install framing moldings (doors, windows, etc.). 5- wall by wall proceed: 9 Install all necessary flashings (Section 1.4). 6. For each of Install the following 3 ranks. the wall sections to be coated, 10- Check the level relative to the reference line provide for the distribution boards according to the board and adjust as needed. lengths available. This will allow you to minimize losses and 11. Note: If need adjustment, distribute the correction get a more aesthetic result (Section 2.3). tion to the following 4 ranks. Never correction in a single row. 12- proceed well by batch of 4 rows by checking 7- On the lowest horizontal and fur level for each lot. a fur 2/3 height of the section to be coated, mark check alignment, all four rows. Top wall 13. Install a device for breaking the Down the wall contiguity between the air knife and the attic. See Section 3.2, the Figure 14 and the manufacturers installation guides for 8a With starting metal mesh ventilated: details. Install metal starting grid on all walls to be coated following the reference line, making sure it overlaps the concrete 14- Install wire mesh ventilated soiling 25 mm (1 inch) ( Figure 13). or the net. 15. Cut the last board coating 8b Without starting metal mesh ventilated: across the width to maintain a clear opening of 10 mm at the Using a stapler, install the mosquito by inserting it in furs and top of the wall. Use nails to secure the top of the coating blade. folding it over. 16. Note: It is possible to add a trim 8c With horizontal wood finish molding: (Mesh) metal or wood finish to close this opening if desired. 1- Install the net or mesh metallic ventilation as described above by inserting it under 17. Install a drip edge finishing (flashing) for cutting fur and by folding over. 2- install the timber finish bead the rainwater infiltration if the overhang is less than four times the opening area ( Figure 14). along the horizontal reference line. The molding must 18. Note: as recommended opening overlap the concrete soiling of 1 inch (25 mm). 3- Install 10 mm ( 3/8 inch), a drip edge finish is required if the flashing to protect the surface

overhang is less than 40 mm (1 1/2 in). 19. Complete the other walls. plane of the finish molding in a horizontal timber. Be

sure to leave a 10 mm clearance ( 3/8 inches) from the 20- Perform edits and apply caulk horizontal surface of the flashing and the ends of the where appropriate (sections 2.5 and 2.8). vertical boards. This clearance must be free of caulk or other obstructing matter. Refer to the moldings on the top 2.7.2 Installing a vertical coating openings ( Figure 9). Top wall (tongue and groove or recovery)

1- With a laser level, locating the reference line 9- Installing a device for breaking the contiguity between the air to cover the lowest point from the walls to be coated. knife and the attic. See Section 2.2, the Figure 14 and the manufacturers installation guides for details. 2. Mark the reference line on all the perimeter of the building. 3-

Install the inside and outside corner moldings aligning 10- Install the anti-rodent wire mesh their base on the reference line. or the net.

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood 20 Short version 11. Cut off sheathing boards 2.8 Caulk vertical to maintain a clear opening of 10 mm at the top of the wall. 12. Install a drip edge finishing (flashing) for cutting the rainwater infiltration if the overhang is less than four times the opening area ( Figure 14).

Note: as recommended aperture is 10 mm (3/8 inch), a drip

edge finish is required if the overhang is less than 40 mm (1 1/2 in).

Starter Course 13. Ideally, determine the source of the winds dominant and orientate each sheet so that the male tongue 2.8.1 Role caulking and groove edges come face to the wind, to minimize the risk of penetration of water infiltrated into the female tongue and To limit the risk of water penetration, a felting cal- must be used. groove edges. 14. Cut the lining boards Caulking intervenes the first protection plan of the principle of rain screen in combination with the coating itself, to intercept any maintain an opening of 10 mm at the top of the wall. potential water infiltration.

15. Cut the bottom boards at an angle maximum of about 15 degrees to favor the dripping 2.8.2 Location caulk water to the outside. 16- install the starter board ensuring The caulk should be applied with caution to all places where water could penetrate. This is the case along a vertical joint in the meeting vertical and securing with exposed nails. of revê- ment with the beads (door sides, window sides, corners).

17. If a bank cutting is necessary, ensure to touch the wood exposed to the finishing product Remember that proper installation of flashing over openings requires recommended. 18. Install the following three ranks. 19. Check no caulking. Proper flashing, installed, block potential infiltration. It the vertical level. must, however, provide a spacing of 10 mm (3/8 inch) between the coating and the base of the flashing to ensure good ventilation. By Note: if need adjustment, distribute the correction to be cons if the horizontal overlap of the flashing does not extend beyond made on the following 4 ranks. the underlying element, it is then necessary to apply a joint caulking 20- proceed as a set of four ranks to prevent the penetration of water infiltrated under the flashing. See by checking the vertical level every time. the example of masonry wall in section 1.7.

Rank End 21- Cut the banks of the boards that will be ap- puyées on the corner. Make the cut male side and make sure to protect the banks laid bare with two coats of finish product recommended. Install the 22- or corner boards by ensuring

the vertical level. 23. Complete the other walls. 24- Perform edits and apply caulk where appropriate (sections 3.5 and 3.8)

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood Short version 21 2.8.3 Choice of caulking 2.8.4 Application of Caulk

A multitude of caulking products on the market. This guide refers to Always follow the manufacturer's recommendations for caulking to the section 9.27.4.2 of the NBC for specifications caulk (NRC, the application. The caulking cord must adhere well to both surfaces

that create the opening. For openings larger than 6 mm ( 1/4 inch), it is 2015). Generally, the caulk should be: recommended to first install a filler into the opening and then covered • Non-hardening (flexible) for outdoor use with felting cal-. The caulking must also always be placed between • Selected for its resistance to the effects of erosion two parallel surfaces and not perpendicular. The caulk is not a permanent solution and requires regular maintenance. If they are not

• Compatible with and adhering the wood and the finish of the inspected and maintained regularly, the caulking joints may fail, coating capture the water and alter the surface or even generate more • No or very low volatile organic compound (VOC) serious problems of mold and rot in the wall structure.

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood 22 Short version 3 Maintenance

It is advisable to conduct a regular and preventive maintenance of 3.2 Minor fixes siding to preserve its original appearance, prevent its degradation and ensure the longevity of the wood. An annual audit will check Immediately after installation of the coating and annually thereafter. It is highly advisable to the condition of the coating and caulking joints. conduct a visual inspection of the surfaces to correct the areas affected by a scratch or a burst resulting from an impact. On any surface revealing bare wood, apply a finishing

product provided by the manufacturer, taking care to limit its application to the simple bare

area in order not to change the color of the coating. A cotton swab or a fine brush allows

you to run applications fine. See also to apply the product retouching according to the

3.1 Cleaning conditions specified by the manufacturer (p. Eg., Outside temperature during application,

drying time before the second application, etc.). Minor corrections are needed to the

season following scratches or shocks for various reasons (bicycle leaning on the siding,

stone thrown by the snow blower, etc.). Visual examination is still advisable to make the

required corrections following the recommendations outlined above for touch. However, be

aware that the color of the coating can fade over time. If caulk seal requires correction,

must be removed cleanly without damaging the finished surface. In such a case, we must

touch up bare spots before reapplying a new bead of caulk. Visual examination is still

advisable to make the required corrections following the recommendations outlined above

for touch. However, be aware that the color of the coating can fade over time. If caulk seal

requires correction, must be removed cleanly without damaging the finished surface. In

such a case, we must touch up bare spots before reapplying a new bead of caulk. Visual

examination is still advisable to make the required corrections following the

An annual washing is recommended to dislodge the accumulation of recommendations outlined above for touch. However, be aware that the color of the coating dirt (mold, dirt, cobwebs, etc.). The coating can be simply cleaned can fade over time. If caulk seal requires correction, must be removed cleanly without with a low pressure garden hose and a soft brush of the same type damaging the finished surface. In such a case, we must touch up bare spots before for the washing of a body of automo- bile. You can also add a mild reapplying a new bead of caulk. cleaning agent, without bleach, ammonia or abrasive element. If necessary, the cleaner can be tested on a small area to make sure it will not damage the coating. After washing, it is recommended to gently rinse with a low pressure hose. NOTE: The pressure washer is prohibited. Some wood species may be conducive to sap flow following exposure of the coating to the hot summer temperatures. To eliminate it, sap must be drybrushed when dry with a simple non-metallic brush. The white powder produced by brushing can be rinsed with water using a low-pressure hose. This sap cleaning procedure can be repeated as needed if the additional sap flows from the coating after a few seasonal cycles. This may require minor corrections.

Installation Best Practices Guide external facing solid wood Short version 23 9 References

Association of professionals in the construction and habitation du Québec (APCHQ). 2017. - Collection of data sheets: https://www.apchq.com/documentation/technique/fiches-technique - Reports of checkpoints: https://www.apchq.com/documentation/technique/fiches-de- Point-of-control National research Council of Canada (NRC). 2012 Supplement to the 2010 NBC Intent Statements. Published by the Canadian building codes Commission and Fire. National Research Council of Canada. http://codes-guides.nrc.ca/IA/10CNB/intentframe.html National Research Council (NRC). 2015. The National Building Code - Canada 2010 ( CNB). Published by NRC and developed by the Canadian building codes and Fire Commission (CCBFC). http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/publications/centre_codes/2015_code_national_batiment.html Christmas, Natalie. 2011 life-cycle assessment - Comparative study on exterior siding wood. Project Report 90002. Cecobois. March 30, 2011.

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