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Contributions to Zoology, 69 (4) 223-250 (2000) Contributions to Zoology, 69 (4) 223-250 (2000) SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague Re-evaluation of the Cancridae Latreille, 1802 (Decapoda: Brachyura) including three new genera and three new species Carrie+E. Schweitzer & Rodney+M. Feldmann Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242 U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]. edu and [email protected] Keywords: Decapoda, Brachyura, Cancridae, Tertiary, paleobiogeography, Tethys Abstract Metacarcinus A. Milne Edwards, 1862 235 Metacarcinus goederti new species 236 Notocarcinus new genus 239 New fossils referable to the Cancridae Latreille, 1802 extend Notocarcinus sulcatus new species 240 the known into the middle Eocene stratigraphic range of the family Platepistoma Rathbun, 1906 241 and the into South America. Each within geographicrange genus Romaleon Gistl, 1848 242 the family has been reevaluated within the context ofthe new Lobocarcininae 1930 243 material. of characters for each cancrid Subfamily Beurlen, A suite diagnostic ge- Lobocarcinus Reuss, 1867 243 nus makes it possible to assign both extant and fossil speci- Muller, 1979 244 and the two cancrid the Cancrinae Miocyclus mens to genera subfamilies, Tasadia Muller in Janssen and Miiller, 1984 244 Latreille, 1802, and Lobocarcininae Beurlen, 1930,based solely Discussion 245 dorsal is upon carapace morphology. Cheliped morphology useful 246 in the but is less useful Acknowledgements assigning genera to family significantly References 246 at the subfamily and generic level. Each ofthe four subgenera Appendix A 249 sensu Nations (1975), Cancer Linnaeus, 1758, Glebocarcinus B 249 Nations, 1975, Metacarcinus A. Milne Edwards, 1862, and Appendix Addi- Romaleon Gistl, 1848,are elevated to full generic status. three and three new accommodate tionally, new genera species the new, as well as some previously described taxa, and include Introduction and Anatolikos new genus, Anisospinos berglundi new genus and and species, and Notocarcinus sulcatus new genus species several combinations. of and The Cancridae Latreille, 1802, has heretofore con- new Recognition new genera several the sisted of known from the fossil reassignment of species within Cancrinae indicates two extant genera that that subfamily have arisen in the southern hemisphere, lato may record, Cancer sensu and Platepistoma Rath- contrary to the previous interpretation of the subfamily as a several fossil bun, 1906, and exclusively genera North Pacific The primarily or Tethyan group. Lobocarcininae including Lobocarcinus Reuss, 1867; Microdium was primarily a Tethyan group. Reuss, 1867; Miocyclus, Muller, 1979; Parapirimela Van Straelen, 1937; and Tasadia Muller in Janssen and 1984. Cancer lato subdivided Contents Muller, sensu was into four subgenera by Nations (1975) including Roma- Introduction 223 Cancer, Glebocarcinus, Metacarcinus, and Systematic 224 leon. All of these and de- Paleontology genera subgenera were Cancridae Family Latreille, 1802 224 fined the and primarily upon number, size, shape Subfamily Cancrinae,Latreille, 1802 226 of the frontal spines; the number, size, ornament, Cancer sensustricto Linnaeus, 1758 227 and of the anterolateral the ornament Anatolikos shape spines; new genus 228 of the the new posterolateral margin; shape, develop- Anisospinos genus 229 and Anisospinos berglundi new species 231 ment, and ornament of carapace regions, the 1975 234 Glebocarcinus Nations, shape and ornament of the chelae. Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 01:26:58AM via free access 224 C.E. Schweitzer & R.M. Feldmann - Re-evaluation of Cancridae The discovery of new fossil material fromAlaska Systematic Paleontology and Washington, USA, and southern Argentina the Within this Order 1802 requires a re-evaluation of family. Decapoda Latreille, work, the four subgenera referred to Cancer sensu Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802 lato are elevated to full generic status. Examination Section Heterotremata Guinot, 1977 of all species referred to the Cancridae necessitates Family Cancridae Latreille, 1802 the transfer of several species to other genera and results in recognition of three new genera to accom- Diagnosis. - Carapace wider than long; anterior modate new material as well as some previously margin with four to six spines, with odd or even described fossil and extant species (Appendix A). number usually diagnostic of subfamilies; antero- New genera include Anatolikos, Anisospinos, and lateral margin with numerous spines, usually more Notocarcinus. NeitherParapirimela nor Branchio- than eight; posterolateral margin entire, rimmed lambrus verifiable members of the Cancridae from indis- are or spined; carapace regions ranging discussed below. the tinct as Additionally, morphology to extremely well-defined; carapace ornament of the chelae has been found to be useful in assigning ranging from smooth to coarsely granular to spined; taxa to the family based upon the overall shape chelae typically with keels, spines or granules on and ornamentation. However, chelae are signifi- manus and fingers. Sternum narrow, triangular in less useful in be- sternites 3-5 often fused in males. cantly assigning taxa to genera, shape; “Anten- of the in Antennal cause variability chela morphology. nules folded lengthwise. flagella present, The evolutionary and biogeographic history of short, more or less hairy. Third maxillipcds usu- the be within the endostome” 1930, group must reinterpreted context ally overlapping (Rathbun, p. of the new fossil material. The discovery of Noto- 176). “Carapace broadly oval or hexagonal. Last sulcatus and from of for carcinus new genus species pair legs not adapted swimming” (Williams, middle Eocene rocks of constitutes the Argentina 1984, p. 351). earliest known occurrence of the Cancrinae and of the Can- - also the first known fossil occurrence Remarks. This diagnosis (and all the diagnoses America. cridae in South Anisospinos berglundi to follow) focus on characters that are typically other Eocene is the only occurrence known, re- preserved in fossils and that are therefore most ported from late Eocene rocks of the western useful to paleontologists. The main feature unit- It is that the Cancrinae arose the is a of Washington. possible ing family high degree carapace orna- in the southern hemisphere and subsequently dis- mentation, especially the frontal, anterolateral, and persed northward to the North Pacific and North posterolateral spines and/or rims. Additionally, Atlantic where it is well-estab- members of the mani of the first Oceans, currently family possess lished. The Cancrinae was previously believed to pereiopods that are equal or subequal and orna- have had a primarily North Pacific (Nations, 1975, mented with smooth, granular, or spined keels. A all 1979; Carvacho, 1989) or Tethyan (Newman, 1991) key to genera herein included within the family distribution. Most of the to the characteristics genera assigned (Appendix B; Fig. I), employs these Cancrinae in this Anatolikos new Muller the report, including to distinguish taxa. (1984) placed genus genus,Anisospinos new genus, Cancer sensu stricto, Microdium within the Cancridae, and suggested , Platepistoma and Romaleon, apparently originated that it be closely allied to or with , may synonymous in the North Pacific based known region upon Cancer s. l. However, the holotypc for the sole occurrences. of the M. has been lost Assignment European genera species, nodulosum, (Muller, 1984), and Tasadia the Lobocarcininae confirmation of the status of that is im- Miocyclus to sup- so genus ports the primarily Tethyan distribution of that possible. According to Muller (1984, p. 77), it is subfamily. clear that the taxon does belong within the Cancridae, but because of the lost type, the genus is not included in the key. Van Straelen (1937) and Glaessner (1969) placed Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 01:26:58AM via free access Contributions to Zoology, 69 (4) - 2000 225 Fig. I. to the and of the Cancridae the of each The Illustrated key subfamilies genera showing geologic range genus. branching structure of the key does not reflect phylogeny; each node represents a couplet in the dichotomous key (Appendix B). Downloaded from Brill.com10/11/2021 01:26:58AM via free access 226 C.E. Schweitzer & R.M. Feldmann - Re-evaluation of Cancridae Parapirimela within the Cancridae. The sole spe- Remarks. - The Cancrinae, until now, has been a founded of few cies, P. angolensis van Straelen, 1937, was small subfamily comprised only a genera, of Cancer l. and Para- upon a fragment dorsal carapace and cheliped. s. Platepistoma as well as described The anterolateral margin was as possess- pirimela, Microdium, and Branchiolambrus, which four the last ing anterolateral spines, of which is have been discussed above. This report introduces the a front with five three the in the bifid; spines including poorly new genera to subfamily; addition, inner orbital and a that developed spines; carapace four of Cancer s. l. Cancer s. Gle- subgenera , s., wider than None of these characteristics is long. bocarcinus, Metacarcinus, and Romaleon, are the The can be seen on illustrations of this taxon. herein elevated to generic status, bringing the is described as housed in a private col- numberof included and holotype genera to eight. Diagnoses lection and therefore, be lost. Thus, it is im- may, included species for each genus are provided be- to confirm ofthis taxon within possible placement low. Genera within the subfamily are distinguished of the family. The development carapace regions based
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