Livelihoods Analysis of Landmine/ERW Affected Communities Bamyan and Samangan Provinces, Afghanistan (16 July - 18 August 2016)
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Afghanistan National Disaster Management Authority (ANDMA) Directorate of Mine Action Coordination (DMAC) Livelihoods Analysis of Landmine/ERW Affected Communities Bamyan and Samangan Provinces, Afghanistan (16 July - 18 August 2016) Abdul Qudos Ziaee, UNMAS Operations R&D Manager in Support of DMAC Fazel Rahman, DMAC/ITF Operations Project Manager September 30th, 2016 Directorate of Mine Action Coordination (DMAC) Directorate of Mine Action Coordination (DMAC), previously called as Department of Mine Clearance (DMC), was established in 1990 under the Prime Minister’s Office. In 1994 it became part of the Afghanistan National Disaster Management Authority (ANDMA). The name of DMC was changed to DMAC on 20th May 2015. DMAC with technical support from UNMAS is responsible for the leadership, monitoring and evaluation of all mine action activities in Afghanistan including demining, mine risk education, surveys, accreditation and adherence to national standards. DMAC receives support from the US Department of State Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement (PM/WRA) through the “International Trust Fund (ITF) for Enhancing Human Security” a Slovenian Public International Organization in support of the national capacity development of the DMAC. ITF has signed a Memorandum of Cooperation with ANDMA. Acknowledgements The successful conduct and completion of this survey was a team effort involving ANDMA and DMAC staff with technical support from UNMAS. In particular, we would like to thank the US Department of State for providing financial support for the survey and also ANDMA provincial offices in Bamyan and Samangan for their endless support to the successful completion of the survey. We are very grateful to logistical support provided by ITF and the communities that received us in a very friendly and hospitable way, and patiently provided the information required for attaining the objectives of the survey. We hope that the information in this report will benefit these and other mine-affected communities in Afghanistan. It is worth mentioning that our special thanks go to the international independent livelihoods consultant Barry Pound who reviewed the report and provided helpful comments for improving the report. Team involved in Samangan Survey Team involved in Bamyan Survey 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS I- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 7 Summary & findings of the survey ......................................................................................................... 7 Development Outcomes ....................................................................................................................... 8 Socio Economic Benefits ....................................................................................................................... 8 Victim Assistance ................................................................................................................................. 9 Mine Risk Education ............................................................................................................................. 9 Prioritisation ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Quality Management .......................................................................................................................... 10 Capacity Development ........................................................................................................................ 10 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................. 10 II- INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 12 Objectives of the Survey ..................................................................................................................... 12 Survey Locations ................................................................................................................................ 12 Criteria for selection of communities for inclusion in the survey ............................................................ 13 Other key factors................................................................................................................................ 14 III- SURVEY IMPLEMENTATION ......................................................................................................... 15 Meeting With Bamyan and Samangan Governmental Authorities ......................................................... 15 Survey Team Training ......................................................................................................................... 15 The Organizations Involved ................................................................................................................. 15 Gender .............................................................................................................................................. 16 IV- HUMAN RESOURCES ................................................................................................................... 16 UNMAS staff ...................................................................................................................................... 16 ANDMA & DMAC Staff ........................................................................................................................ 16 Survey Teams ..................................................................................................................................... 16 Survey team structure - Samangan ...................................................................................................... 17 Survey team structure - Bamyan ......................................................................................................... 17 Mahram (Chaperones) ........................................................................................................................ 17 V- METHODOLOGY USED IN THE SURVEY ........................................................................................ 18 The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach ................................................................................................. 18 The Tools Used ................................................................................................................................... 18 Survey Material .................................................................................................................................. 19 Stakeholders ...................................................................................................................................... 19 Survey Process ................................................................................................................................... 19 Data collection & Report Writing ......................................................................................................... 19 VI- SCOPE OF CURRENT CONTAMINATION IN AFGHANISTAN ............................................................ 20 Civilian Casualties ............................................................................................................................... 21 4 Gender and Mine Action ..................................................................................................................... 22 VII- SURVEY FINDINGS ...................................................................................................................... 24 Impacts of Demining on Development ................................................................................................. 24 Mine/ERW Risk Education ................................................................................................................... 38 Victim Assistance ............................................................................................................................... 39 Support to Mine/ERW Survivors .......................................................................................................... 40 X- ECONOMIC RETURNS TO INVESTMENT IN MINE ACTION.............................................................. 41 Economic Returns to Investment in Mine Action .................................................................................. 41 Economic impact of reducing injury and death ..................................................................................... 41 XI- PRIORITISATION IN MINE ACTION ............................................................................................... 43 The Present Priority-Setting Process .................................................................................................... 43 Impact Classification ........................................................................................................................... 44 Survey Findings On Prioritization ......................................................................................................... 45 Quality Management .......................................................................................................................... 46 XII- SURVEY FINDINGS .....................................................................................................................