Estimated Population by Castes Kutch
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List of Approved Registered Graduates of Commerce Faculty 2017, Bhuj Taluka
LIST OF APPROVED REGISTERED GRADUATES OF COMMERCE FACULTY 2017, BHUJ TALUKA Sr. No. Name Address Taluka Reg No Challan No ACHARYA MALHAR DWIDHAMESHWAR BHUJ 992 1 PRAFULBHAI COLONY, BHUJ ACHARYA NANDISH 366/B BHUJ 798 BIMALKUMAR ,"NADIGRAM",ODHAV VILL RAW HOUSING, 2 AIYA NAGAR, MUNDRA ROAD,BHUJ,7567569745 ACHARYA RAHUL JUNI RAWALVADI P.L.- BHUJ 440 3 CHANDULAL 270,BHUJ, 814001211 AHALAPARA AT-149-152/2, ODHAV BHUJ 824 DULARI ASHOKBHAI EVENUE, MUNDRA 4 RELOCATION SITE,BHUJ AHALPARA DULARI 149, MUNDRA BHUJ 1055 5 ASHOKBHAI RELOCATION SITE, BHUJ. AHIR MOHINI 72, NRNARAYAN BHUJ 528 GOPALBHAI NAGAR, NR CHABUTRA CHOWK, GARBI CHOWK 6 JUNAVAS, MADHAPAR BHUJ, 9913838887 AHIR SHIVJI GOPAL 24, SHAKTI NAGAR-2, BHUJ 1099 BEHIND SORTHIYA 7 SAMAJWADI,JUNAVAS, MADHPAPAR, BHUJ, 9979980151 AJANI NAYAN SURAL BHIT ROAD, BHUJ 429 8 VASANTLAL MARKET YARD, BHUJ. 8140091211 AJANI VRAJNI JYUBELI HOSPITAL BHUJ 961 VASANTBHAI STREET-1, HATHISTHAN 9 SALA , BHUJ,8511312641 AKHANI POOJABEN 101, AIYA NAGAR, BHUJ 344 NIRANJANBHAI JUNA VAS, MADHAPAR, 10 TALUKA – BHUJ. 9725086947 AMRANI BHAKTI HOUSE NO:6, ANAND BHUJ 1402 KISHANCHAND BHAVAN, VRUNDAVAN PARK SOCIETY,OLD 11 RAILWAY STATION, BHUJ ANTANI CHIRAG 48/53-6, YOGIRAJ PARK BHUJ 580 SIRISHBHAI ,OPP ST WORKSHOP, 12 SANSKAR NAGAR,BHUJ, 9879292898 ANTANI HARASHAL 48-53/6, YOGIRAJ PARK, BHUJ 1343 SHIRISHBHAI OPP. ST WORKSHOP, 13 SANSKAR NAGAR, BHUJ ANTANI HARSHAL 48/53-6, YOGIRAJ PARK, BHUJ 425 SHIRISHBHAI OPPOSITE ST WORK SHOP, SANSKAR NAGAR, 14 BHUJ. 9638553439 9825337877 ANTANI JIGNEY KARISHMA, SANSKAR BHUJ 1200 15 BHASKARBHAI NAGAR 33/A, NEAR ST WORKSHOP, BHUJ. ARODA JITENDRA 331/3 B SANKAR BHUJ 1439 16 KHUSHALCHAND TRECTOR,JUNAVAS MADHAPAR,BHUJ ARUNKUMAR ASHAPURA TOWN SHIP, BHUJ 1559 17 JAGDISHPRASHAD AIRPORT ROAD, BHUJ, H. -
Near SR Patel Petrol Pump, City: Vadodara, Pin: 390002, Tehsil
Smt. Surajben Gordhanbhai Patel Commerce and Arts College for Near S. R. Patel Petrol Pump, City: Vadodara, Pin: 390002, Tehsil:Vadodara, Roll-Call RegisterState:Gujarat Report B.Com. (with Credits)-Regular-FoC [BCOM] CBCS 2012 , BCom-I , FSBCOM-I Academic Year :2018-2019 SR.NO. Student Name 1 AGNEJIA VAISHNAVI MINESHKUMAR 2 AGRAWAL AAYUSHI RAKESH G. AGRAWAL 3 AGRAWAL ANJALI RAKESHBHAI 4 AGRAWAL SHALINI OMPRAKASH 5 AGRAWAL SWATI BHARATBHAI 6 AHIR SHRUTI MAHENDRA 7 AMALIYAR MITTALBEN SURESHBHAI 8 BABAR SHRUSHTI SURESH 9 BAGHEL SHIWANI NIHAL SINGH BAGHEL 10 BAKSHI AAYUSHI KRUNALKUMAR 11 BAMROTIYA HIRVABEN VIJAYBHAI 12 BANDIBARWALA UMEKULSUM MURTUZA 13 BANERJEE DIPA ARINDAM 14 BARIA BHARATIBEN HIRABHAI 15 BARIA SUNITA JIVANBHAI 16 BARIYA AISHVARYABEN KIRANBHAI 17 BARIYA AMIKSHA PRAKASH 18 BARIYA ANITA PRATAPBHAI 19 BARIYA BHAVANABEN DINESHBHAI 20 BARIYA DAMINIBEN GHANSHYAMBHAI 21 BARIYA DIVYABEN ASHOKBHAI 22 BARIYA JAYSHREEBEN NAVINBHAI 23 BARIYA MAMTABEN VITTHALBHAI 24 BARIYA MANSIBEN RAKESHBHAI 25 BARIYA PRIYANKABEN ARJUNBHAI 26 BARIYA PRIYANKABEN DILIPBHAI 27 BARIYA RUPALBEN DAHYABHAI 28 BARIYA TEJAL DESAIBHAI 29 BARIYA TEJALBEN JAYANTILAL 30 BARODAWALA SUGRA IQBALBHAI 31 BAROT KUNJAL DINESHBHAI 32 BAROT NANDINI HARSHADBHAI 33 BAROT SIMRAN AKSHAYKUMAR 34 BAROT SRUSHTIBEN RAKESHBHAI 35 BAROT URVASHIBEN HARIVADAN Smt. Surajben Gordhanbhai Patel Commerce and Arts College for Near S. R. Patel Petrol Pump, City: Vadodara, Pin: 390002, Tehsil:Vadodara, Roll-Call RegisterState:Gujarat Report B.Com. (with Credits)-Regular-FoC [BCOM] CBCS 2012 -
Hindutva and Anti-Muslim Communal Violence in India Under the Bharatiya Janata Party (1990-2010) Elaisha Nandrajog Claremont Mckenna College
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2010 Hindutva and Anti-Muslim Communal Violence in India Under the Bharatiya Janata Party (1990-2010) Elaisha Nandrajog Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Nandrajog, Elaisha, "Hindutva and Anti-Muslim Communal Violence in India Under the Bharatiya Janata Party (1990-2010)" (2010). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 219. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/219 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLAREMONT McKENNA COLLEGE HINDUTVA AND ANTI-MUSLIM COMMUNAL VIOLENCE IN INDIA UNDER THE BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY (1990-2010) SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR RODERIC CAMP AND PROFESSOR GASTÓN ESPINOSA AND DEAN GREGORY HESS BY ELAISHA NANDRAJOG FOR SENIOR THESIS (Spring 2010) APRIL 26, 2010 2 CONTENTS Preface 02 List of Abbreviations 03 Timeline 04 Introduction 07 Chapter 1 13 Origins of Hindutva Chapter 2 41 Setting the Stage: Precursors to the Bharatiya Janata Party Chapter 3 60 Bharat : The India of the Bharatiya Janata Party Chapter 4 97 Mosque or Temple? The Babri Masjid-Ramjanmabhoomi Dispute Chapter 5 122 Modi and his Muslims: The Gujarat Carnage Chapter 6 151 Legalizing Communalism: Prevention of Terrorist Activities Act (2002) Conclusion 166 Appendix 180 Glossary 185 Bibliography 188 3 PREFACE This thesis assesses the manner in which India’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has emerged as the political face of Hindutva, or Hindu ethno-cultural nationalism. The insights of scholars like Christophe Jaffrelot, Ashish Nandy, Thomas Blom Hansen, Ram Puniyani, Badri Narayan, and Chetan Bhatt have been instrumental in furthering my understanding of the manifold elements of Hindutva ideology. -
Smokeless Tobacco Use in Pakistan and Its Association with Oropharyngeal Cancer K.M
Eastern Mediterranean La Revue de Santé de Health Journal la Méditerranée orientale 7PM 4VQQMFNFOU r r ;nüÐØ{_UÐPLÜØnUÐ{dCÐ Contents Letter from the Editor .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................S3 Message from the WHO Regional Director for the Eastern Mediterranean .............................................................................................................................................................S4 1BLJTUBOTėHIUBHBJOTUQPMJPNZFMJUJTJOUSPEVDJOHJOOPWBUJWFTUSBUFHJFTUPBEESFTTDIBMMFOHFTBOEBĨBJOUIFHPBMPGFSBEJDBUJPO N. Abid, O. U. Islam, A. Bosan, T. Iqbal,A. Darwish and K. M. Bile ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................S5 1SFWBMFODFPGIFQBUJUJT#BOE$WJSBMJOGFDUJPOTJO1BLJTUBOėOEJOHTPGBOBUJPOBMTVSWFZBQQFBMJOHGPSFĎFDUJWFQSFWFOUJPO BOEDPOUSPMNFBTVSFT H. Qureshi, K.M. Bile, R. Jooma, S.E. Alam and H.U.R. Afridi ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 4NPLFMFTTUPCBDDPVTFJO1BLJTUBOBOEJUTBTTPDJBUJPOXJUIPSPQIBSZOHFBMDBODFS -
PRAMUKHSWAMI MEDICAL COLLEGE, KARAMSAD PG ADMISSION 2019 - R1 Sr
PG _2019_AIR PRAMUKHSWAMI MEDICAL COLLEGE, KARAMSAD PG ADMISSION 2019 - R1 Sr. Seat Discipline PG Name ALL INDIA No. No. RANK 1 1 MD (ANAESTHESIALOGY) DR. AYUSHI SINGHAL 22693 2 2 MD (ANAESTHESIALOGY) DR. SUTARIA KRUPA KIRITKUMAR 23648 3 3 MD (ANAESTHESIALOGY) DR. SHAH PRIYANKA MAHESHKUMAR 23983 4 4 MD (ANAESTHESIALOGY) DR. MEVCHA SUNNY RAJENDRA 24055 5 5 MD (ANAESTHESIALOGY) DR. KHUSHBU SHAILESHBHAI GADHIYA 25804 6 6 MD (ANAESTHESIALOGY) DR. DESAI HANIKUMARI NILESHBHAI 28693 7 7 MD (ANAESTHESIALOGY) DR. SURANI HIMALI NARBHERAM 30565 8 8 MD (ANAESTHESIALOGY) DR. MEHUL DHARAMSHIBHAI MAKWANA 30836 9 9 MD (ANAESTHESIALOGY) DR. SHRIMALI KULIN RAMESHBHAI 49620 10 1 DIPLOMA IN ANESTHESIA (DA) DR. BAIS YASHODHANSINGH SURENDRASING 31831 11 2 DIPLOMA IN ANESTHESIA (DA) DR. MODI PARTH KAMLESHKUMAR 35821 12 3 DIPLOMA IN ANESTHESIA (DA) DR. SACHDEV ANJALI NANDLAL 37897 13 4 DIPLOMA IN ANESTHESIA (DA) DR. PATEL MINALBEN DASHRATHBHAI 38490 14 5 DIPLOMA IN ANESTHESIA (DA) DR. PABARI VANASHRI PRAFULKUMAR 41677 15 6 DIPLOMA IN ANESTHESIA (DA) DR. HARSH NATVARDAS RAMDEVPUTRA 44721 16 1 MD – SOCIAL & PREVENTIVE DR. DARSHNA KISHORKUMAR SARVAIYA 73151 MEDICINE / COMMUNITY MEDICINE 17 1 MD (DERMATOLOGY DR. TANDEL JINAL JAINENDRA 22003 VENEROLOGY & LEPROSY) 18 2 MD (DERMATOLOGY DR, TRISHA BHARAT PATEL 41133 VENEROLOGY & LEPROSY) Page 1 PG _2019_AIR PG ADMISSION 2019 - R1 Sr. Seat Discipline PG Name ALL INDIA No. No. RANK 19 1 DIPLOMA IN DERMATOLOGY DR. SHAH JUHI DIVYANGBHAI 11175 VENEROLOGY & LEPROSY – (DDVL) 20 1 MD – PATHOLOGY DR. DHARTI PRAVINBHAI PADHARIA 40137 21 2 MD – PATHOLOGY DR. PANCHAL KRISHNA MAHESHKUMAR 47110 22 3 MD – PATHOLOGY DR, KANSARA KHEVNA MAYURKUMAR 47289 23 4 MD – PATHOLOGY DR. -
Prayer Cards | Joshua Project
Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Ager (Hindu traditions) in India Ahmadi in India Population: 14,000 Population: 73,000 World Popl: 15,100 World Popl: 151,500 Total Countries: 2 Total Countries: 3 People Cluster: South Asia Dalit - other People Cluster: South Asia Muslim - other Main Language: Kannada Main Language: Urdu Main Religion: Hinduism Main Religion: Islam Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: 0.00% Evangelicals: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Scripture: Complete Bible Scripture: Complete Bible www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Asma Mirza "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Ansari in India Arora (Hindu traditions) in India Population: 10,700,000 Population: 4,085,000 World Popl: 14,792,500 World Popl: 4,109,600 Total Countries: 6 Total Countries: 3 People Cluster: South Asia Muslim - Ansari People Cluster: South Asia Hindu - other Main Language: Urdu Main Language: Hindi Main Religion: Islam Main Religion: Hinduism Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: Unknown % Evangelicals: Unknown % Chr Adherents: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Scripture: Complete Bible Scripture: Complete Bible www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Biswarup Ganguly Source: Anonymous "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Arora (Sikh traditions) in India Badhai (Hindu traditions) -
University of Michigan College of Engineering
Graduation UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING M AY 1,2021 print Congratulations TO THE CLASS OF 2021 Table of Contents Dean Letter 2 Student Speaker 3 Degree Candidate Lists and Honors 4 May 2021 Degree Candidates 5 August 2021 Degree Candidates 26 December 2020 Degree Candidates 28 College Administration 39 Graduation Traditions 42 1 Salute to the Graduates To the Graduates of the Class of 2021: Congratulations! You did it. After years of study, volumes of projects and papers, dozens of tests and a once-in-a-century global pandemic, you have attained the honor of graduate of the University of Michigan College of Engineering. For some of you, this day was long anticipated. For others, challenges loomed at every turn. In any case, you would not be here had you not put in the work. You earned it. My sincere hope is that each of you will proudly embrace the resilience you have demonstrated. Think about how the world has changed in a year. One profound shift forced your greater awareness of the impact of separation and the transience of life. Recall your initial thoughts and your subsequent actions. Whatever it took, you endured, learned about yourself and adapted to your circumstances. You made it to graduation during one of the most challenging academic years in recent history. While pursuing your aim, in this implausible reality, you still found many ways to help others. You spoke out against systemic racism, sexism and other “isms” that deny our shared humanity. Young aspiring engineers felt inspired by your encouragement. Organizations discovered new possibilities through your insights. -
Final Electoral Roll / Voter List (Alphabetical), Election - 2018
THE BAR COUNCIL OF RAJASTHAN HIGH COURT BUILDINGS, JODHPUR FINAL ELECTORAL ROLL / VOTER LIST (ALPHABETICAL), ELECTION - 2018 [As per order dt. 14.12.2017 as well as orders dt.23.08.2017 & 24.11.2017 Passed by Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in Transfer case (Civil) No. 126/2015 Ajayinder Sangwan & Ors. V/s Bar Council of Delhi and BCI Rules.] AT SIROHI IN SIROHI JUDGESHIP LOCATION OF POLLING STATION :- BAR ROOM, JUDICIAL COURTS, SIROHI DATE 01/01/2018 Page 1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Electoral Name as on the Roll Electoral Name as on the Roll Number Number ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ' A ' 3760 SH.AIDAN PUROHIT 57131 SH.AKSHAY SHARMA 81138 SH.ALTAMASH SHAIKH 78813 SMT.AMITA MEENA 23850 SH.ANAND DEV SUMAN 25666 SH.ARJUN KUMAR RAWAL 81279 SH.ARVIND SINGH 70087 SH.ASHOK KUMAR 25596 SH.ASHOK KUMAR PUROHIT 53709 SH.ASHU RAM KALBI 11856 SH.ASHWIN MARDIA ' B ' 81083 SH.BALWANT KUMAR MEGHWAL 6592 SH.BASANT KUMAR BHATI 26011 SH.BHAGWAT SINGH DEORA 34679 SH.BHANWAR SINGH DEORA 35577 SH.BHARAT KHANDELWAL 80034 SH.BHARAT KUMAR SEN 12869 SH.BHAWANI SINGH DEORA 60347 SH.BHERUPAL SINGH 12311 SH.BHIKH SINGH ARHA ' C ' 18417 SH.CHAMPAT LAL PARMAR 41619 SH.CHANDAN SINGH DABI 69381 SH.CHANDRA PRAKASH SINGH KUMPAWAT 70977 KUM.CHARCHA SHARMA 40116 KUM.CHETANA ' D ' 11363 SH.DALIP SINGH DEORA 38565 SH.DALPAT -
Who Is in Justice? Caste, Religion and Gender in the Courts of Bihar Over a Decade*
Who is in justice? Caste, religion and gender in the courts of Bihar over a decade* Sandeep Bhupatiraju (World Bank)ǀ Daniel L. Chen (Toulouse School of Economics, World Bank)ǁ Shareen Joshi (Georgetown University)ǂ Peter Neis (Toulouse School of Economics)± November 29, 2020 Abstract Bihar is widely regarded as one of India’s poorest and most divided states. It has also been the site of many social movements that have left indelible marks on the state’s politics and identity. Little is currently known about how structural inequalities have affected the functioning of formal systems of justice in the state. We use a novel dataset of more than 1 million cases filed at the Patna high court between 2009—2019 together with a variety of supplementary data to analyze the role of religion, caste and gender in the high court of Bihar. We find that the courts are not representative of the Bihari population. Muslims, women and scheduled castes are consistently under-represented. The practice of using “caste neutral” names is on the rise. Though there is little evidence of “matching” between either judges and petitioners or between judges and filing advocates on the basis of names, we do find evidence that petitioners and their advocates match on the basis of identity such as the use of “caste neutral” names. These results suggest that the social movements which disrupted existing social structures in the past may have inadvertently created new social categories that reinforce networks and inequalities in the formal justice system. *We are grateful to Shilpa Rao and Lechuan Qiu for excellent research assistance. -
Prn : Fe 2018-19
University of Mumbai M.G.Road, Fort, Mumbai-400032, Maharashtra(India) Student Eligibility Status Report for K. J. Somaiya Institute of Engineering and Information Technology () - Faculty of Technology - B.E. (with Credits)-Regular-Rev16 - Computer Engineering - F.Y. B.E. - Sem I [Academic Year 2018- 2019] Sr. Student Name as Eligibility Form Permanent Registration Eligibility Reason Result Status User Name Date & Time No. appeared on No. Number (PRN) Status of previous Stamp Statement of Marks Programme Part/Term 1. BAFNA SANKET 164-328-2018- 2018016402171335 Provisionall You are Previous - Oct 1 2018 KAMLESH (PUSHPA) 1169220 y Eligible Temporary Result Record 4:50PM Provisionally Does Not Eligible on Exist the basis of Admission made by your college Final Eligibility is subject to scrutiny of document at University 2. BAGARIA DEVANSH 164-328-2018- 2018016402171092 Provisionall You are Previous - Oct 1 2018 SHITAL (MAMTA) 1168692 y Eligible Temporary Result Record 4:50PM Provisionally Does Not Eligible on Exist the basis of Admission made by your college Final Eligibility is subject to scrutiny of document at University 3. BHANUSHALI KARTIK 164-328-2018- 2018016402171103 Provisionall You are Previous - Oct 1 2018 KANTI (KASTURI) 1168725 y Eligible Temporary Result Record 4:50PM Provisionally Does Not Eligible on Exist the basis of Admission made by your college Final Eligibility is subject to scrutiny of document at University 4. BHANUSHALI NIDHI 164-328-2018- 2018016402171463 Provisionall You are Previous - Oct 1 2018 (RASHMI) 1171756 y Eligible Temporary Result Record 4:50PM Provisionally Does Not Eligible on Exist the basis of Admission made by your college Final Eligibility is subject to scrutiny of document at University Report generated by: K. -
Identity and Difference in a Muslim Community in Central Gujarat, India Following the 2002 Communal Violence
Identity and difference in a Muslim community in central Gujarat, India following the 2002 communal violence Carolyn M. Heitmeyer London School of Economics and Political Science PhD 1 UMI Number: U615304 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615304 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 F Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author. I warrant that this authorization does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. -
The Arya Samaj in Gujarat 1895-1930
1 Purifying the Nation: The Arya Samaj in Gujarat 1895-1930 David Hardiman Department of History, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK [email protected] Tel: 02476572584 Fax: 02476523437 2 Abstract This article examines the impact of the Arya Samaj in Gujarat from 1895 to 1930. Although the founder of this body, Dayanand Saraswati, was from Gujarat, it proved less popular there initially than in the Punjab. The first important Arya Samajists in Gujarat were Punjabis, brought there by Sayajirao Gaekwad of Baroda to carry out educational work amongst untouchables. The Arya Samaj only became a mass organisation in Gujarat after a wave of conversions to Christianity in central Gujarat by untouchables, with Arya Samajists starting orphanages to ‘save’ orphans from the clutches of the Christian missionaries. The movement then made considerable headway in Gujarat. The main followers were from the urban middle classes, higher farming castes, and gentry of the Koli caste. Each had their own reasons for embracing the organisation, ranging from a desire for higher social status, to religious reform, to building caste unity, and as a means, in the case of the Koli gentry, to ‘reconvert’ Kolis who had adopted Islam in medieval times. The movement lost its momentum after Gandhi arrived on the political scene, and many erstwhile Arya Samajists embraced the Gandhian movement. When the Gandhian movement itself flagged after 1922, there was an upsurge in communal antagonism in Gujarat in which Arya Samajists played a provocative role. A riot in Godhra in 1928 is examined. 3 Over the past decade, Gujarat has come to be seen as a hotbed of communalism, ruled by a state government that has connived at, and even encouraged, murderous attacks on Muslims and Christians.