Indian Massacre and Ca'ptivity of Hall Girls

I NDIA N MA SSA CRE

and

' CA PTIVITY OF HA L L GIRL S

COM PL ETE H ISTORY

o f th e

MA SSA CRE OF SIXTEEN WHI TES

I ND N C REE! NEA R OTT WA I I A . A , L L .

a nd

SYLVI A HALL A ND RAC HEL H ALL

A s C ap t iv es i n Illino i s a nd Wisco nsin

HE B AC! AW! WA R 32 T L H , 1 8

BY CA N CHA RLES M . § L A N A uth o r 0

' " s R s f O rd r Th e L aw o f Church a d G r Scanlan ule o e , n av e , " " s L a w o f H o tel Etc .

REI G PUBLI SH I NG COMPANY 4 2 I M a t t h e w s B u i l d i n g

e W s Milwauke , i . C OP Y R I G H T , 1 91 5 . B Y H A M A NL A N C RL ES . SC

AUG28 l9| 5

fL o A F PRE ACE .

r No one i s satisﬁed with an incomplete sto y . The ver y me agr e and incon sistent accounts of the adventur e s of Sylvi a and Rachel Hall “ ” (famili ar ly known as the H all gir ls ) her eto

’ fo r e published mer ely excited one s cur io sity to ’ k r a s s a m s now the whole sto y . The l die t te ent

a a u s a an t th t h ve been p bli hed , g ve only ou line

a s as f ar as w r s of the . f ct they kne them pe on a ta all a s i r in lly . To ob in the f ct , requ ed much vestigation of books and a gr e at de al of co r r e s o nd nc e s i a s r p e with hi tor c l societie , edito s of newsp apers and the W ar and th e Inter io r De

artm nt h e a s s r e t . p of United St te Al o , the write h as h ad p erson al interviews with r el ative s of th e ss a and h as a Mi e s H ll , tr veled over the ground and examined all the evid ence th at now appe ars from the l o c ation of the little cott age on I ndian Creek to Galen a where the girls took a a bo t for St . Louis.

M r s . a D av . A a un an a a r Mir nd , d ughte of

M r a s s. Rachel H ll Mun on (the younger cap

a a s h er tive ) , g ve me the f mily hi tory of mother ; and s s a . c as a Mi Sylvi E Horn of Lin oln , Nebr k , and , . C . . a a s Mr L Horn of M ckin w , Illinoi , [3] 4 F PRE ACE.

r a - r M r s a a g nd child en of . Sylvi H ll Horn (the

r a c n r s elde c ptive ) , o t ibuted the hi tory of the

r a s r a Ho n f mily . Thu eve y f ct in the following

a s i s s a p ge t ted upon the best evidence . To gather all the tr adition s tha t still linger along the cour se over which the Indi an s tr av

el ed r a s wr r n s with thei c ptive , the ite e li ted the

s r s h is c s ss r r a a e vice of nie e , Mi Ge t ude Sc nl n

e i r s s and ss ar a of F nn mo e , Wi con in , Mi M i n

a a o f ra r du s a Sc nl n P i ie Chien , who e gr nd

r r r h r fathe s we e pionee s in t e le ad egions . How

r a h as b s a r a eve , no f ct een t ted on t dition with out th e clues being ver iﬁed by l and r ecor ds o r

r o gove nment d cuments . Of course ever y l ady w ants to know how the

r a i r s e . s girl look d Unfo tun tely , there no pictu e

m r r m r t r . M s of ei he of the p io to iddle life . Dun av an lent to m e a ver y r ar e dag uer r eotyp e

r h r m r M r s s a a e . t pictu e of othe , Mun on , t ken

a e a r - two ar s and a the g of b out fo ty ye , photo

r a o f h er a M r s a a r t a g ph unt , . Sylvi H ll Ho n , ken

sh was r s ar e. s when e ove ixty ye s of ag Al o ,

I f m M r s Dunav an a borrowed ro . tintype pic

r s sh e was s x i s tu e of her elf when i teen , which said to be a ver y good likeness of her aunt

Sylvia at the time th at sh e was t aken c aptive .

r r r r The se picture s a e ep oduced he ein . The PREFACE . 5

tr adition o f the nei gh bo rhood i s th at the gir ls were unusually h andsome in both ﬁgure and

n a a s face a d of c ptiv ting kind di po sitions. They wer e born in Kentucky and c ar r ied with them to Illinois the southern cultur e which h as won f or the l adie s of the South con sider able fame

r an sto y d song .

h e was r e i n l ! n S b d o d e t ucky , h er e th e mea o w ras s r o ws b ue W d g g l ,

“ ’ Th er e s th e sunsh ine o f th e c o untry — , ! I n h er ace and m ann r t o . B f e o r ai sted .

W is Milwaukee . 1 5 1 91 5 July , . H L NL N C A S . CA A R E M S .

C O N T E N T S

Pre ace f ,

s r t n f h ntr . e c o o e o u I D ip i t C y ,

n an D ro ub es . v II I di a i s T l ,

Th e av s S ett em ent III . D i l ,

Th re . M assac IV e , T t . h e a t v V C p i i y ,

I T h e V . o t e R escu ,

r m en . M ta M o v e t s VII ili y ,

ew r er e . a VIII R d Off d , T I . h e a t v e rl s X C p i Gi ,

. ans o m e X R d ,

o a lco m e R y lly We d ,

XI e r I . o m wa B o un H d d ,

XI e m n n i I I . o a c e a d sto r R H y,

XI S h a o n V . b a,

C o m ee n uam a d To q ee,

H PT I C A ER .

D ES C RI P TI N O TH OUN Y O F E C TR .

its a r a a s m r at In n t u l condition , perh p no o e tr active co untr y ever laid befo r e the eye s of m an than th at in which occur red the incidents

a a s u I S of the following n rr tive . On the o th it

r r s r r its s a bo de ed by the Illinoi ive , with hi toric l events begi nn i ng with the old Kaskaski a M i s

“ sion e st ablished by Father M ar quette I I I 1 673 amidst the mo st be autiful scenery In th e wh ol e s a o f l s i s t te I linoi , which now included in

a a a St rved Ro ck St te P rk . Wh at m emo r ie s cluster around old Kaskas ki a ! A s ﬁr s a a o f s was vis the t c pit l Illinoi , it it d n L a a an r s d ack e by Ge . F yette d P e i ents J son L c Ta r and a r s f , in oln , ylo H r i on ; by Jef erson

a s l s and D vi , Gen . A bert Sidney John on , by ne arly ever y other man who was pr ominent in

S a s s r r 1 83 7 United t te hi to y prio to , when

ﬁ a a a a Spring eld bec me the st te c pit l .

On th e e ast for more th an one hundred mile s

Fo x its s c a the river , with our e in a be utiful

a a a s a s s s l ke ne r W uke h , Wi con in , ﬂow south i s a a a a nto the Illinoi t Ott w . We stw rd the gre at p r air ie str etches o ff to and beyond the Rock r iver which h as er o ded a n arrow v alley thr ough [9] E R T F TH E OUNTRY 1 0 D S C IP ION O C .

ﬁ n s s r th at otherwise at plai . Be ide Rock rive the only important stre ams that l ay in th e

e a all s as i s ers cours of tr vel of the H girl pr on , wer e th e Syc amore ( South Kishwaukee ) and th s auk s and urt e Ki hw ee in Illinoi , T le Creek , the B ar k River and the Oconomowoc in Wis eon in s .

We ar e told by geologists th at dur i ng the

a a a e a ea - qu tern ry g of the world , gr t ice berg , moving down from th e north cr ushed all the

s and a its a tree veget tion in p th , leveled mo st of the hills and ﬁl led mo st of the valleys as f ar s a h a outh s the Ohio River . W en th t body of ice melted it formed lakes in the depressions which

ﬁl r . r u s s d were not led with till D mlin , e ke s an

a s e e and a at k me , h r there , rem in to indic e either th e r esistance of th e prior formation or that quantities of e arth ﬁl led the uneven under sur

face of the i ce at the time of its dissolution .

a i a s a ns and By the ct on of the tmo phere , r i

dew as e es e e a s an , c nturi roll d on , v get tion pr g

all e a ea a and s i s su up ov r th t gr t pl in , pr ng to p

a s ss o f s ply the gre te t nece ity livin g thing , broke fort h and ﬂowed in stre ams th at united into

rivers as they rolled on to the sea. Along the — str e ams wer e fore sts of trees includin g many

s es o ak ash s a s ar p eci of the , , yc more , elm , ug

E R T O OF TH E OU TR 1 2 D SC IP I N C N Y .

ma s r a ple , locu t , hicko y , w lnut , butternut , lin

r a r r and ma den , cher y , buckeye , bl ckbe y ny

r am ar ar s r an s. d othe f ili v ietie Al o , he e there stood gr oves th at e sc aped the ter r ible pr airie ﬁr es th at almost ever y ye ar swept over that

as a v t pl in .

am m a s r m m s s buf G e of ny kind , f o the on trou

a and m r wn r a tur f lo ti id dee do to the bbit , the

r a r c c and a was key , the p i ie hi ken , the qu il , a a bund nt .

as and m a s as was a L t , by no e n le t , the be utiful ﬂor a of th at countr y which was known as

” 1 The P ar adise of the We st A tr aveler wh o

saw its a r a sc r s as it in n tu l condition , de ibe it “ s al l s i s I s a d follow Above countrie , th the l n

o f r as r r ai r i i s an s . s ﬂowe In the e on , eve y p e

mm r ar ar s a s i ense ﬂowe g den . In the e ly t ge of

s r r s r a n i s a p ing ﬂowe , the p ev le t tint pe ch blu

ish ; the next is a deeper r ed ; then succeeds the

yellow ; and to the l atest per iod of autumn the

r ai r i s a a s ar and p e exhibit brilli nt golden , c let

ar m r and blue c pet , in gled with the g een brown ” 2 r r s ipened g as . “ S wee t wav es th e sea o f summer ﬂo wer s ro un o ur wa s e c o t so o A d y id c y, Wh er e Eil ee n sing s away th e h o ur s m n -M ee T ha t ligh t y t ask. i n Illi o i s. c G .

' 4 - i st C O 2 6 7 . 6 i . st L 42 1 1 W s . s CO 0 . L W Hi . , Hi ,

estern Po rtra tur e o to n 22 1 . W i , C l , CH APT ER II .

I D I A N T OUB L N R ES .

r m an s When the ﬁ st white settled in Illinoi , the M ascoutin Indi ans occupied the lands be tween the Illinois River and the waterway fo r med by the Fox and Wisconsin River s from

r B a r a r du a a s G een y to P i ie Chien . L ter the S c , th e s and Po tt awatami es i Foxe , the , o ccup ed the

r r m i r te r ito y and h ad any V llages. There we e

ar r mi no n ation al bound y lines. A p o nent route

of tr avel was the Kishwaukee Tr ail fr om Wat scca in E aster n I ll I I I OI S up the K ankakee to

r s i t s and whe e it ﬂow n o the Illinoi , thence in a nor thwe sterly dir ection to the mouth of the

s a r a six m s be Ki hw ukee on Rock Rive , bout ile

wa r a r low Rockford . Dixon s the g e t cente of

r a r a wa r a t ils. The p incip l one s f om K skaski a

wa t o a a s m s by y of Dixon G len , Illinoi . Nu erou other trails connected p r ominent points and

a n a a s v rious I di n vill ge . In 1 804 a tre aty was m ade wi th the Sacs and

s a s a Foxe t St . Loui , of which the princip l pro vision were as follows “ 1 a Article . The United St te s receive the united Sac and Fox tribes into their friendship and p r otection and the said tribe s agree to con [1 3] 1 4 INDIAN TROUBLES . sider themselves under the pr otection of th e

a s and e a s e . United St te , no oth r power wh t o ev r “ 2 Th a n Articl e . e Gener l bou dary lin e be tween th e land of the United States and th e said

a i s s a as f s to - ! B e Indi n tr be h ll be ollow , wit ginning at a point on th e Missouri River oppo s h h as on ite to t e mouth of t e G c de River ; then ce, in a direct c our se so as to strike . the River Jef

th e ss ss e u ss s freon to Mi i ippi ; thenc , p the Mi i sippi to th e mouth of th e Ouisconsing [Wiscon sin R an - h am ] iver, d up t e s e to a point which shall be 3 6 miles in a direct lin e fr om th e mouth of th sa i a e e id r ver , thence , by direct lin to the point wher e th e Fox River ( a branch of th e

Illinois) l eaves th e small lake called Sakaegan ;

e c d th R er h e n th n e, own e Fox iv to t Illi ois

h s R and th e sam to t e s ss . iver, down e Mi i ippi

h a s f or n in s d r a And t e s id tribe , a d con i e tion of th e friendship and protection of th e United

a s c i e t t o e of th e St te , whi h s now x ended th m , goods (to th e value of two thousand two h un dred and thirty-four dollars and ﬁfty cents)

ar now e and of th a which e d livered , e nnuity af at a do e e herein t er stipul ed to be p id, h r by n ed cede and r elinquish f orever, to th e U it

a s all th a s nc e w t a e St te , e l nd i lud d i hin the bov n d escribed bou dary . ’ 5 INDIA N TROUB LES . 1

3 s er a th ss Article . In con id tion of e ce ion and relinquishment of l and m ade in th e preced

a a s ing rticle , the United St te will deliver to the

s at . i s s said tribe , the town of St Lou , or ome

i a ssiss a other conven ent pl ce on the Mi ippi , ye rly and ar s s every ye , good uited to the circum stances o f the Indi an s of the value of one thou sand doll ars (six hundred o f which ar e intended

a s and r n s for the S c fou hu dred for the Foxe ) , reckoning th at value at the ﬁrst co st of the

s o r l ac i S a s good in the City p e in the Un ted t te ,

a r r a where they sh ll be p o cu ed . And if the s id tribe s shall her eafter at an annual d elivery of

s a r sa s a a a the good fo e id , de ire th t p rt of their annuity should be furnished in domestic ani ma s I s of s a and l , mplement hu b ndry , other uten s s m sa o il , convenient for the , or in compen tion t

s ar tiﬁcer s ma si a u eful , who y re de with or ne r

e and m eﬁ th m , be e ployed for their ben t, the sa s a at s s a a me h ll , the ub equent nnu l delivery

s be furni hed accordingly . “ 4 Article . The United St ates will never in terrupt the sai d tribe s in the po ssession of th e

a s h ul a w l nd , w ich they rightf lycl im, but ill , on a the contr ry , protect them in the quiet enj oy ment of the same against their o wn citizens and a a s all s s ma in g in t other white per on , who y B 1 6 INDIAN TROU LES .

a r s r trude upon them . And the s id t ibe do he e

a a r s r a s by eng ge th t they will neve ell thei l nd ,

r n r i r o r an . a a s y p rt the eof , to y ove e gn powe but

- a s no r s o r s ec s the United St te , to the citizen ubj t

an o r s r r no r of y the ove eign powe , to the cit

i z n a e s of the United St tes. 3? 3? 3? 3? it

Ar ticle 7 A s long as the l ands which ar e now ceded t o th e United St ate s r emain the i r

U S a i . s [ ] prop erty , the Indi n belong ng to the said tr ibes sh all enj oy the pr ivileges of l i vm g ” n m 3 a d hunting upon the .

as e a s and h e The Chippew , the Winn b go ; t

Po ttawat ami es m a a m sa e , de cl i to the m terri

s and acs a m a tory . Even the Foxe S cl i ed th t

o s s th e r a r the y ung chief who igned t e ty , we e

m a d r and a n a r de unk , while in th t conditio g eed ‘ r eat f s a s m a n a to the t y Al o , the Indi n i t ined th at the United State s would not allow them to ” n w a s s a hunt upo the ild l nd , notwith t nding

A r t 7 r a and a l r . of the t e ty th t the tit e the eto

r m r r I n was s . , till in the gove n ent ! The efo e , the

a s r s r a r a and a di n efu ed to tify the t e ty , the ide th at they wer e gr i evously wr onged bec ame a ﬁxed notion in the minds of the old chiefs

2 In an a r s L aws a nd r eat es 1 4 di Aff i , T i 7 . ” ’ B a c w uto o ra h e 3 a s b L C a r e Ch . l k H k A i g p y , l i , . 1 2 Th e e ub c Ire an 68 R p li l , .

" B 1 8 I NDIA N TROU LES .

Black Hawk h ad fought with the English in

W ar 1 81 2 an d r as a the of , by e on of the defe t of

s h i s h e r a h is the Engli h , including own , et ined natur al desir e f o r r evenge again st the Amer

i can was r n at c s a and h a s . d as He b o Ro k I l nd , str ong love f o r h i s n ative place as was ever r es

ain n m an t ed by a y white . When Illinois be

am a s at 1 81 8 a a all hi s c e t e in , Bl ck H wk with people was o r der ed to move acr o ss the Missis

S l l I wa a pp nto Io , which he reluct ntly obeyed .

r was r sa sﬁ hi s Howeve , he neve ti ed with new

o a and 1 83 2 a a r ss M i s l c tion , in he g in c o ed the sissipp i with four hundr ed war r io r s and all their squaws and childr en and squatted on h is

rm r ss s s a s a was fo e po e sion t Rock I l nd . He

r r a a r s un o de ed b ck to Iow , but efu ed to go til he le arn ed th at tr o o p s wer e being sent against

ll i r r r a him . With a h s peopl e he eti ed no th long

w s m a Rock River , follo ed by the Illinoi iliti , and when he re ached a point about twenty-ﬁve m s s r a and a ile outh of Rockfo d , he h lted held council of war with chiefs of the Pottaw atomi e s and e a s e Winn b goe , where he deliver d the fol l o wm g speech !

“ was r a Sac a and r I bo n t the Vill ge , he e I nd a s a . pent my childhood , youth m nhood I liked to look on thi s pl ace with its surroundings INDIAN TROUB LES . 1 9

‘

i riv rs s a s and a s. of b g e , h dy grove green pr irie Here ar e the graves of my father and some of m and y children . Here I exp ected to live die and l ay my bone s beside tho se ne ar and de ar to me ; but now in my old age I have been

r and ar a a d iven from my home , d e not look g in upon this loved sp o Th e old chief choked with gr ief and te ars

i s h i s a ﬂowed down h s cheek . Covering f ce in h is a ma s a bl nket , he re ined ilent for few mo

h a h i a s . a s s ment T en wiping w y te r , he con tinned “ e ma s w co m B fore ny moon you , too , ill be

ell ed a r s Th e a s r p to le ve you home . h unt of you

v a s r ﬁ d s and r youth , your ill ge , you corn el , you

ds th e ss ss hunting groun , will be in po e ion of

s and a r the white , by them the gr ve s of you

a s be f ther will plowed up , while your people will be retre ating towards the setting sun to

ﬁnd a o f a r new home s b eyond the F ther W te s.

We h ave been as brothers ; we fought side by side in the British war ; we hun ted together and slept under th e same blanket ; we have met at councils and at religious fe asts ; o ur people ar e ” a n 6 like a d our intere sts ar e the same . On 1 4 d a M a 1 832 the th y of y, , the militia

6 Memo r es o f Sh aubena i , 9 8 . ! B 2 0 INDIAN TROU LES .

und er Maj or Stillman ar rived within eight miles of the c amp of a Bl ack Hawk who sent thr ee Indi ans under a ﬂag of tr uce to negotiate a

r a Th a t e ty with the whites. e wily chief lso sent ﬁv e other Indi an s to a point wher e they could watch the un ar med br aves c ar r ying the

’ h ﬂa ma s m en r s r w ite g. Still n efu in g to ecog

i th e fla se a s n ze white g t upon the Indi n , killed

and c a r the r s and set o ﬁ one ptu ed othe , then after th e other ﬁv e wh o held their guns cro ss

r r a r wise ove thei he ds as a sign of f iendship . Th e whites killed two of the ﬁve and ch ased h ’ m t e others into Bl ack H awk s c a p . Then the

’ a s set t m a s ar m Indi n upon S ill n y , cut it to

s nd c as sca r r mn a s piece , a h ed the tte ed e nt for

m a m s ac a a i s n ny ile . The pl e of th t b ttle know “ ” ’ n 7 n as Stillman s Ru . The disgr ace of the e tir e affair h as been a d ar k blot upon the white

’ man s b r aver y and h i s m anner of de alin g with

I a s m a s h ad the ndi n s. Up to thi ti e the Indi n committed no cr ime no r act o f war ag ain st the 8 whites;

Immediately after the engagement Black

aw a a n h i r a s t H k c lled nother cou cil of s b ve , a

f er n - - L e o b t S e o h nsto n .I o h nsto n 3 5 . if Al id y J , , 3 1 i 2 “ i W s H st Co l . 30 H sto r o f n na 2 . i . , ; y I di a , “ " E r e Th w ar 1 - sa 3 2 3 e B ac a 29 1 44 . y, ; l k H k W , 2 1 INDIAN TROUB LES .

B L ! HAW ! A I L I N A C A S CI V A . which it was deter mined toﬁght to the l ast to send out sm all b ands of Indi an-s to the v ar

s s m s s r iou white ettle ent to de t oy them . Among the gre at war r io r s p r e sent at th at coun cil was 2 B L 2 INDIAN TROU ES .

— 9 the celebr ated Chief Sh abona ( Sh ab - eh ney) who fought beside Tecumseh at h is down -fall at

th e a m s Sh abona a b ttle of the Th a e . ple ded with the Indian chief-s to give up the war and

a and se to return to Iow , when theyrefu d to do

so he h is son P a ee and h is P s , , yp g , nephew yp , mount ed p onies and ro de to th e various white settlements and notiﬁ ed th e people of the dan

a s ﬁ s s w ger of the Indi n . The r t hor e ith which

Shabona s a a n t rted , dropped de d u der him ; but he obt ai n ed another hor se fr om a farmer and rode day and night until he h ad warned

ll m s the whites at a the settle ent .

s L o , th e p o or Indian ! wh o se untuto r ed mind i ’ S ees Go d in t h e clo ud s o r h ear s H m i n th e wind . , — Po p e .

9 i s s o l 2 3 41 Th e ac aw ear 7 W . t 3 5 B C . W Hi . , , ; l k H k , S tev ens 1 60 , . H PT C A ER III .

TH E DA V I S SETTL EM EN T .

a o f o ur r s a a The f ther he oine , Willi m H ll ,

was i a mi a who born in Georg , gr ted to Ken

r nd t r arr a . s a ucky whe e he m ied M y J Wilbur ,

1 825 a a i a a ﬁ in emigr ted to M ck n w , bout fteen m s s o f r a s ile outh Peo i , Illinoi , where he opened

m a r a s a far . Shortly fte w rd he moved to the le ad m i ne s ne ar Galen a wher e he st aid thr ee

a s and t r a r a ye r , hen retu ned to L moille , Bu e u

r 1 832 s. s s County , Illinoi In the p ing of he old out h i s mining claim and settled upon a home ste ad about two mile s e ast of the farm of Wil

a a a h i li m D vis. Prior to th t time s olde st

a r a e h ad m a d ughte , Temper nc , been rried to

artwr i e s of h is Peter C ght , but the other m mber

am s s i h is a s f ily , con i t ng of wife , three d ughter

S a a 1 9 a a 1 7 and a ylvi , ged , R chel , ged , Eliz

a 8 ar s and s r beth , ged ye , two boy , we e liv

h im i assa in g with . Some time pr or to the m cre ,

nd a s am o - m ee and - ua- mee two I i n n ed C To q , who h ad been fr equent visito r s at the Hall ’ and a a s dau h home tre ted kindly by Mr . H ll g t

‘ er s a a th e custo m a s , ende vored , fter of the Indi n , to pur ch ase Sylv1 a and Rachel fr om their a 1 0 f ther .

"“ ” 1 T e n h e B lack Hawk War , S t v e s, 1 49 [23] 24 TH II ‘ TL EM EN E DAVIS SE T .

M R S DUN A VA N A 1 6 L I ! ENE S . GED S r , , o

S Y L VI A H AL L .

r i The H alls wer e noted f o their ho spital ty . Judge Edwin Jer om e of Detr oit r el ates th at he was the gue st of the family one night in Apr il

am Peti r ew a s r m wh o Willi g , l o f o Kentucky , h ad just migr ated to the D avis Settlem ent and h ad s a s a f o r s not yet e t bli hed home him elf , with h i s and r was m r a wife two child en , te p o rily

a m M r a s at stopping t the ho e of . D vi the time

m r of the assac e .

ch an i o neers ro me M P e 49 . 1 i ig J ,

TH ETTL E E T 26 E DAVIS S M N .

duced s h a w a , the gri t mill to grind t e gr in as

r a c ss nd a an of h g e t ne e ity . The I i ns d some t e early settlers with h ammers and ston es pulver i z ed co rn and wheat enough to supply their ab

' s wa s f r o m d a da th e tes olute nt y to y, but whi , who h ad been accustomed to corn -meal and

a -ﬂ our ea sat sﬁ i th e whe t br d , were not i ed w th m as . e e a s su hed product Th refor , D vi , who p

o t of se ea ss s wa a plied b h tho gr t nece itie , s

r mi m n i p o nent a n the D avis Set tlement . Th e mill-site was where th e Sauk trail from ’ Bl ack Hawk s Village at th e mouth of th e Ro ck River cro ssed B ig I ndi an Cr eek and co ntinued

e e as ana a r ri e th nc e t to C d , whe e the whole t b of S acs went every ye ar to get their annui tie s 1 2 h from the English Government . Just above t e for d the creek meander ed through a fiat-bot t o med gul ch th at was about two hundred feet wide wi th precipitous b anks about fifteen feet m a high . At this p o t the stre m flowed south e asterly and was frin ged along its course with

woods th at grew densegand h ere and there ex

an e o s at e ac p d d into gr ve , but oth r pl es there were openings where the pr airie ﬁres annually destroyed th e undergrowth and left standing

’ lan'ch ar s sto r o f no s 2 2 nd H sto r ca B d Hi y Illi i , 1 , a i i l M a p .

T TTL EA I ENT 28 H E DAVIS SE .

a s only the mon rchs of the fore t . The north b ank of the gulch h ad an incline of about for ty

r a ﬁv e degrees to the level of the p airie . On th t b ank in a sp ar sely timber ed opening fr om which th e p r air ie stretch ed o f to the c ar din al points

m ass a a a h i s m of the co p , Willi m D vis loc ted ho e

n r h i ca t a a r a d e ected s bin . Abou th t c bin the e

r s a r d and lum were t ee th t p oduce fruit , fuel ber am s r a s s in i r s , ong who e b nche were ing g b d

r a ar ar a of g e t v iety , including the C din l , the

ss ar a the r s and Dickci el , the C olin Wren , Th u h

M a a wa r the Robin . By y the b nk s cove ed with a a a r ass rs ﬁ w c rp et of thick , w ving g , dive i ed ith

r - a i r s r eve ch n g ng colored ﬂowe , until the c uel

r s a s r m was an f o t of F ll de t oyed the . It

s o a s a s m idyllic p t . No doubt D vi hoped th t o e day the D avi s Settlement would bec ome D avi s

and a hi r a ns l r City , th t s gene tio wou d evel in m an sions th at would r epl ace the cott age on the

a a r a w r i b nk of th t new Jo d n , he e he , like K ng

a h i s a m am h i s D vid , in old ge ight kneel ong

e e r a p opl to p y .

and as r a s However , the hopes pi tion of the

a am r a a s D vis f ily we e soon to be bl sted . D vi was a powerful man and h i s Kentucky blood

a r w r s m a an ff s f i ly boiled ith e ent ent t y o en e ,

ar ar o n n an n a p ticul ly e give by I di n , upon whom TTL E E T TH E DAVIS SE M N . 29

i h i s un and h e looked as an nferior . With g bowi e knife D avis woul d ﬁght a dozen Indi an s —~ a e s e. s as y , a cor It eemed though he could play with them in the ai r as an athlete plays with Indi an club s. About one hundr ed and ﬁfty feet south of h is a a s e a a sm s cott ge , D vi er cted bl ck ith hop and b a a f or h i s m a mill . To o t in w ter power ill

r a a am it bec ame necessa y for D v1 s . to put d

a o s r a s. ar a cr ss the t e m . Six mile f ther up Indi n

was an a a and as Creek there Indi n vill ge , the

ﬁsh a a th e s a s r n tur lly went up tre m every p ing , there was good ﬁshing at the village for the

a s dam e ﬁsh ' f r o m o Indi n . The pr vented the g

u and a s r s a a s s ing p , the Indi n p ote ted g in t thi

as r r i s a i -s r in inv ion of thei ght . D v , howeve , sisted on h i s rights to build and m aint ain the d am and bad s , feeling were engendered .

d a r 1 832 a s s an One y in Ap il , , D vi di covered

a a an o t n th dam an Indi n te ring utle i e , d with a hicko r y stick he be at the Indi an unm er ci 1 3 fully . H ad he killed th e Indi an it might have ended the affair ; but to whip an Indian with a s as a wa an tick you would whip dog , s insul t th at incurred the resentment of the whol e I n

a a and a di n Vill ge , instilled in the Indi n a r ank

’ B ac aw s uto bi o ra L e e Cla r C h XI I . l k H k A g phy , i , . 30 TH E ETTL E E T DAVIS S M N .

E S H A B N A C H I F O .

r f r r Th e r s e o . e ling de i evenge incident, how ve , was settled by Chief Sh abon a with the assist a a a a W auban e nce of nother Indi n chief n med s e, wh o advised the Indi an s not to resort to for ce

‘ ful r ep ar atio n and to do th eir ﬁ sh ing below the ’ am h abona a d . The Indi an s followed S s dvice f o r s m a a a i s ome ti e , but fter while D v notic ed

a as dam ﬁsh th t they ce ed to go below the to , and being quite famili ar with the Indian ch ar a h e t as an ma an e cter , ook it inti tion of their g r , and a e s s he prep r d for ho tilitie . PT CH A ER IV .

TH E M A SSA C R E .

The ye ar 1 83 1 was known to e arly settlers in “ ” Y r Illinois as The Dry e a . There was little

a and s s of a ea so r in there were long pell gre t h t , th at vegetation was p ar ched and the crop a

a r Th s as 1 832 was s h e f ilu e . e e on of ju t t oppo 1 4 r site . During the ﬁ st h alf of the month of M ay there wer e nume r ous he avy thunder storms with inter vals of hot weather th at made the

ass and w r s r r r a gr ﬂo e g ow ve y pidly , but de

a r r a s a s . l yed the f me in their pl nting Al o , the several Indi an sc ares interrupted the settlers in

r ar ﬁ s thei regul work in the eld .

A s a a s a mm a a r lre dy t ted , i edi tely fte the bre aking up of the Indian council after the de

a o f m an h abona s ast fe t Still , S rode in po t h e to the D avis Settlement and warned th e p eople of the danger of an Indian massacre. The white s lo aded on their wagon s such article s as coul d

a a and r e a a be re dily h ndled , d ov to Ott w , the

ar s was a a s sol ne e t fort , where there g rri on of diers.

a s a x c e a The Indi n did not m ke the e pe t d r id , and slowly the settlers returned to their home

sto r c l no s Par 2 8 s 5 . Hi i Il i i , i h , [31 ] 32 TH E RE MASSAC .

a s r m ste d . Du ing this r etreat so e of the people t ant alized D avis f or runnin g away fr om - the

a s and h is r was a h e r Indi n , eply th t would neve

o a a do s g in .

a m r M a 2 1 st Sh abona On Mond y o ning , y , ag ain r ode to the D avis Settlement and warned the whit es th at ther e was imm edi ate danger of a a s r s m a a a s m s ac e . At thi ti e it h ppened th t D vi was at Ott awa on some business when Sh abona

h i m and r a . s a c lled However , f ily, the neighbo s hastily lo aded their furnitur e and other m ov a a s on a s and r r o ff ble rticle w gon , hu iedly drove

h ad a m s r a r to Ottawa. They l o t e ched the fo t

h m et a s wh o r r h i s o wn f am when t ey D vi , o de ed

t r and r r e r h i s i m ily to re u n , u ged the tu n of m a h r s m all h i s edi te neig b o , inviting the to go to

h w r place w ere they oul d be pe fectly safe . The

a s s s and r ews two H ll , Hender on Pettig , with farm h ands n amed Henr y George and Robert

s r a r e a s and Norri , eluct ntly turned with D vi ,

r r i a ived at h s cottage about noon .

r n r r s a r Afte di ne John W . Hende on , Alex nde

a s and a un r son a a s Ed D vi yo ge of Willi m D vi ,

a and Gr eenbur a and o a w rd y H ll , Allen H w rd , went to a ﬁeld about one hundr ed r ods south of

a e a s a . the D vi cott g , to pl nt corn In the middle

a a a l a of the fternoon Willi m H l , John W . H ll ,

3 4 TH E RE MASSAC .

w a se as s s a . clo the door , but in t ntly hot de d Through th e Open door the Indians rush ed with s ars and a s and s ﬁl th pe , h tchet , gun , ling e little

a e wa a cott ge . Th re s no pl ce to hide and no

f or s chance the white to esc ape . In her desp air

M rs t m ar n . Pe tigrew threw her ar s ou d Rachel Hall and was killed by a shot so close to Rachel as a a e a to bl cken her f ce with the powd r . R chel

m a ju ped upon the bed , which only pl ced her in View of more Indians and incre ased the danger

of being shot .

Th e piteous scre ams of the women and chil

r r a s s dren were te ifying . The Indi n tuck them with spe ars and h acked them with tom ah awks

t and as a withou feeling or mercy , they fell e ch

’ victim s sc alp was cut Off with a big knife .

’ A n Indi an grabb ed Pettigrew s b aby by the

s us e s s o leg , r h d out door , wun g the child ver h i a and as d its a s a a s a s he d , d he br in out g in t

m a s a . a s n a tu p in the y rd There , l o , Indi n on e ach side held the youngest D avis boy by his

a s h l ad s a a e and s h nd , t e little t nding p l ilent ,

A s h is and a third Indi an shot him de ad . limp m b an a s a h i . ody fell , Indi n c lped In a f ew moments all the whites in the house

a and a a l a ! M rs. excepting Sylvi R chel H l , n mely TH E RE MASSAC . 3 5

a a -ﬁv r r . e a s a Wm H ll , ged forty ye , her d ughte

a et a a s Wm Eliz b h , ged eight ye r , . Pettigrew h i n s d and M rs . . a wife a two children , Wm D vis n a d ﬁv . her e children , were killed

The sudden appe arance o f th e Indi an s bewil dered the men who were in th e bl acksmith shop as they were cut o ff fr om their guns and am m Y n a s l e s unition . ou g D vi s ipp d behind the hop n Th a d thence escaped down the creek . e o thers r ushed towar ds the h o use and were m et by a

s s. a a s as was volley of hot Willi m H ll , who e bre t

i ets i a a h is s p erced by two bull , w th pr yer on lip ,

’ a a h is son f a i s a fell de d t John s eet . D v c lled “ ” out to John Hall to Take c are ! and then

, s a tried to e scape to the wo ods. Notwith t nding h is prowess and that h e made a desper ate ﬁght

his f e s h i s n a as a for li by u ing u lo ded gun club , he was in a short time so overcome by Indian war riors with their sp ears and tomah awks th at with innumerable wounds h e sank de ad in h is

ar a was so a a a y d . John H ll p r lyzed by the wful

a a a a h e c rn ge , th t for moment did not move

r h is fa l a a I n f om where ther y. He w tch ed the d a s a s as a man a a i n relo ding their gun , then w k ening from a night mare he jumped down the hi gh bank and a volley of bullets p assed over TH RE 36 E MASSAC .

h i a s ba s he d . By hugging clo ely to the nk next

a am as the Indi n s, he scr bled h tily down the

a and r an as r an r stre m then he never befo e ,

r s an r s thus esc aping . Nor i d Geo ge lid down

a and a m r ss r the b nk tte pted to c o the c eek , but a volley of bullets fr om the Indi ans killed one

m as h was m a h i s of the e cli bing the b nk , body

a a r and r f lling b ck into the c eek , the othe fell

r s a a on the g een w rd bove .

. r s two s s Wm a s John W Hende on , on of . D vi

and s s Wm a at two on of . H ll , who were work in the cornﬁeld when the Indi an s m ade the at

a a s a m r t ck up on the D vi cott ge , co p ehending the

s a as a a h a s . d itu tion , h tily ﬂed to Ott w They ped

nl a two m s w n a r o y bout ile hen Joh W . H ll ove

m r as h i s sc n r m took the . By e on of uddi g f o de ath in the gr e at he at and h i s excited condi

’ n s a c m assa r was in co tio , John c ount of the c e h er entl y told with un contr olled emotion s of

r i i a g ief and r age . Bel ev ng th t the Indi ans

w r ur s C h i s s e e p uing , he did not heck peed , but ur ged the other s to extr a eff or ts un til they

r ac d r e he the fo t . Sylvi a and Rachel Hall were e ach seized by two Indian s who dr agged them out of the cot t age to the yar d wher e the ﬁn al acts of the mas

a sacr e were t aking pl ce . TH E RE 3 7 MASSAC .

! In their ﬁendish de sire f o r r evenge f o r Still

’ m a r a r and r r s th e n s t e che y to te ify the white ,

Indi ans cut out the he ar ts of some of the slain and r m a r s all othe wise util ted thei bodie . Of th e white s none but Rachel and Sylvi a Hall r e m ained alive to witne ss the clo sin g act of the

r r r A a s a r ho ible t agedy . s they s w c tte ed in the

ar s m r r ar s r y d the bodie of their u de ed p ent , thei

S s r and h r r s— s in all th e i te , t ei neighbo ixteen ,

r r ﬁ r r r d r gi ls we e stup e ed with ho o . The won e is a s m th t the ho ck did not kill both of the .

m assa h as s r o and The cre been de c ibed s often , i s so s its ar ar s a r ickening in p ticul , th t we d op 1 5 the curtain on the tr agic scene .

" ’ 3 S mith s Hi sto ry o f Wi sco nsin 1 87 ; Hi sto ry ” “ o f L a S a e C o unt B a w n 9 5 Th e l a aw ll y , ld i , ; B ck H k ' “ ” VVar t ev ens 1 0 M emo r es o f S h na M t , S , 5 ; i abo , a so n 1 45-1 55 t tawa J o ur nal A u ns , ; O , g. 3 0, 1 9 06 ; 1 2 T ra ’ a t n t 2 Fo r t o f c o s S ta e st S oc . 3 3 s s o r i Ill . Hi . , ; d Hi y I n lli o i s, 1 2 2 . H PT C A ER V .

TH E C A P TI V I TY .

A person never knows wh at he would do under conditions and circumstances never be fo r e experienced ! a mother who would ﬂee fr om a c ﬁ a t cow, would , to protect her hild , ght iger without thought of h er o wn safety ; a timid

r a ro m a a i s dee th t would ﬂee f b by , when t n ature i s ch anged by a serious wound will ﬁght ’ a hunter to de ath ; a soldier s n atur e b ecomes so ch anged in b attle that he obeys orders like an aut o matom and h is ff l s , in e orts to ki l men exert himself un til th e Swe at rolls down h is fac e as it would down the face of a harvest h and mowing

r ass g .

a and a a a o f Sylvi R chel H ll , who in the pe ce

ul a a s their home wo d f int t the ight of blood , h ad their n ature so ch anged dur ing th e slaugh

' ter and mutil ation of their de ar r el at.i V es and fr iends th at they viewed the scene with horr or th at al mo st p ar alyzed them and put them in a a p sychologic al condition of mental aberr tion . Th e spell of leth argy was r udely broken when th s a o ff as a s ﬁ s e girl were dr gged c ptive , r t to th e and a r a h ad creek , , fte R chel been pulled

a wa a ss s r am h a a a h lf y cro the t e , t en b ck g in to [38] ‘ TH E CAPTIV‘ ITY 39

r T a a n a . e s s o e the y d her two Indi n , e ch eizing ’ a s a s and s a a of Sylvi h nd , two other t king R chel

a s m ar ma s r s t in i il nner , hu tled the gi l nor h war a o as s h e r d l ng the e terly ide of t c eek . The gir ls wer e soon in unknown lands th r ough

r e and which they we e tugg d on , on , not know

cr ing whither nor to what fate . Did they y ?

Of course they did ; str on g m en would h ave

m r i r n wept un der si il a c cumsta ce s. Did they pray ? Y es ; but their prayers were not like the ’ Ph ar isee s ! they p rayed with an inten se feeling fr om the bottom of their he arts and with all

w s er ra r the po er of their soul . W e their p ye s a s r ? r ? a a ! n we ed We e they Re d on , re d on After bein g hustled and half dr agged about a and a a a r a r mile h lf, they c me to whe e numbe

e i r of hors s were t ed in the edge of a g ove . Here they met fr iends ! hor ses belonging to their

a and h s Th r s r i f ther their neig bor . e ho es p cked

ar s a r s. and n up their e , looked t the gi l whi nied ’ -r ' r h r r etu ning t e gi ls recognition . If the gi ls could “h ave mounted two of these fr iendly ani mals th at wer e br ed in Kentucky they might h a r r m w o ve idden to f eedo ; but it as not s to be . Th e Indi an s put e ach girl on a pony furni shed w an a sa and a ar r r ith Indi n ddle led by w io .

T s r a e r hu they t vel d on , keepin g due no th . TH E T T 40 CAP IVI Y .

A fter the sun h ad S et th e addition al ter r or of

s m as a a d ar kne s was enveloping the . Occ ion lly

night- h awk wo uld b r e ak the awful silence by swooping down fr om h i s gr eat heigh t with h i s “ ” ac s m - o o - o o and a whi o or - cu to ed Boo , pp will would add h i s monotonous whi stle fr om a de

l a r w ca ed o a s. s y g in the dj cent wood Othe i e , it was as sol emn a p r o ce ssion as ever moved to the

r a e and f o a h is w and g v , only r the cr ck of hip “ ” an o cc asion al ugh fr om an Indi an ther e was little to attr act att ention until they p assed a

' ar r r r s h ad a l ge g ove on thei left . The gi l he rd

’ a W a a s r a of Sh abbon s Grove . s thi s th t hi to ic l sylvan place ? Would Sh abo na come to their

° r elief Z~ H e h ad saved them and their friends

r and h a d b een f o r s na befo e , if it not the ob ti cy of D avis they would no t h ave been in their

aw r am w r ful p edic ent . But the chief , o n out and tir ed fr om h i s long wild r ide of the night

r and as h i s was s s befo e leep in tent , uncon ciou of the p assing of th at str ange and unusual pro

c s e sion .

Hour af ter hour p assed as the gi r ls r ode along

w ar and ear - s c o n a ar e y h t i k th t d k night , with

n t th e s ar s r wa and o hing but t to light thei y, not

a r a r ar s a wa rs y of hope in thei he t . The he d te of Indi an cr eek and of the Somon auk h ad been

TH E CAPTIVI TY.

’ About h alf- p ast thr ee o clock in the morning

M a 22nd r s w r ac of y , the gi l ere epl ed on the

s a s r m un and c m r ponie , the Indi n e o ted , on e o e

th e r ai r its r m r r r w t n p oceeded in fo e o de , ith

a s r s s and r ar Indi n b efo e , on the ide , in the e of

th e r s ass r s r and r gi l . They p ed g ove , he e the e ,

and ur a r r t r s m m ho fte hou , wi h ti e o e onotony , m they oved along .

r un h ad a dew r Afte the s l pped the , it g ew ver y w ar m and Rachel bec ame we ar y almo st to

a a sh e c a coll p se . She thought th t if ould w lk

f o r a w it w l h er r e little hile ou d give lief, not withstandin g h er we ak condition fr om fasting

n r r a a a d wo y . She did not know the l ngu ge of

a s ss ﬁ s a wa ! sh e m a the Indi n , but nece ity nd y de

sign s of distre ss and indic ated th at sh e wanted

' a Th e a s s r a d as to w lk . Indi n under tood he n

s s h r r m s ac i ted e f o her pony . Thi little t of g all antry gave h er the ﬁr st indic ation of their human symp athy and in spir ed h er with some

c ﬁ n r r on de c e in t hei hono .

m and s a r sh e m a a Li p t gge ing , n ged to keep

a r ss h r a p ce with the p oce ion . W en they e ched th e Kishwaukee ther e was no hesitation and all

n n r am a h ad no t s . plu ged i to the t e R chel , who

r a was a been epl ced on her pony , forced to w de

a r ss r a r r c o th ough w te th ee feet deep . TH E 43

’ I t was now ab out two o clock in the afternoon and a stop was made about twenty- ﬁve miles

’ as r ma s e terly f om Still n s Run , on the we t of

a. a a th e s a l rge grove , to llow ponie to gr ze on

a f o r the bank of the river . Here they rem ined

a s s a s about two hours. The Indi n c lded ome

a s and as s a s be n ro ted ome corn , of which they

at a t and ff s s e he r ily o ered portion to the girl , ff h who t r ied to eat so as not to o end t e Indian s. After the Indi an s had ﬁnished their lunch they busied themselves in stretching on little hoop s the sc alps th at they h ad t aken in the

r imm di massacre at Indi an C eek . The girls e ately rec ognized the sc alp s of so me of their

r r h a r s a a e s . f iend , p ticul rly t c lp of thei mother

Th a s a and uh e sight c u ed Sylvi a to f int . Limp

c s s sh e l a s s s r on ciou y be ide her i te , who by the incident was again put into her former p sychic

s. condition , being obliviou to everything about ’ her exc epting her sister s c are . The subcon scious thought th at sh e h ad to protect Sylvi a in spired her with superhuman strength as well

as ﬁ s i t a ss a the ghting pir of lione . If Sylvi should die ! what then ? I f sh e should be un able

a h e I an to tr vel , would t ndi s kill her ? What tor ture of mind Rachel must have suff er ed ! ’ Abo ut f our o clock Sylvi a regained her con TH 44 E CAPTIVITY.

sci ousness a r a r e , to the gre t elief of R chel who

r f m c overed h er no m al condition o ind . By this

h e a s h ad ath r r h r s s a d tim e t Indi n g e ed thei o e , n r epla cing the gir ls on the ponies th at they h ad

r all m r ar s r . been iding , oved fo w d lei u ely Shortly after star ting a det achment of the

a wa s o s ar Indi ns s ent ut to scout to the we tw d , and after being gon e some time they returned a a and mm a r o ces pp rently excited , i edi tely the p s ass m a - r ion u ed double quick , du ing which the Indi an guar ds in t h e re ar held their spe ars

n a a s as a . poi ed , though they expected tt ck After tr aveling in that manner f o r about ﬁve m s a s r s m r m s r and ile , the Indi n e u ed thei co po u e s r a a lackened thei speed to a w lking p ce .

’ Had a s s s m W s s the Indi n een o e of Gen . hite ide scouts ? H ad they le arned th at a detachment

a w a am of Illinois Militi , of hich Abr h Lincoln was a m m r was m ar s m e be , oving tow d the up 1 7 th e s a ? Or r a s Ki hw ukee , we e the Indi n pur sued by the fr iends of the gir ls ?

th e s s a a — a s a If white hould tt ck the Indi n , Sylvi and Rachel fe ar ed th at th ey would shar e the fate of their r el at ive s and fr iends at the D avi s

e m r r w m t . S ttle en The efo e , hen the excite ent of

“ Th B s st l . w W i . C o 2 41 2 42 e ac a XII Hi . , , ; l k H k 4 W ar . 1 6 . T ’ T H E CAPTIVI Y . 45

a s s s a r r m the Indi n ub ided , feeling of elief f o

m i r s d anger of immedi ate de ath cal ed the g l .

Th e extr a exer tion dur ing the sc ar e c aused

a a was r and the pony th t Sylvi iding to give out ,

a a a a was a be it w s b ndoned . Sylvi then p l ced

n n ﬁn r hi d a Indi an on a e ho se belonging to Mr .

r s r s h ad a Hende on , which , like the gi l , been t ken

a r r a c pt ive at Indi an C eek . Thus they t veled ,

’ o n and a on , until bout nine o clo ck in the even ’ ing when they arr i ved at Bl ack Hawk s Gr ove

ast s r s anesvill e on the e ide of the p e ent city of J , ’ s s r e a a s Wi con in , whe the whol e of Bl ck H wk 1 8 - tr ibe was enc amped . Dur ing twenty eight hour s the gir ls h ad tr aveled about eighty miles

r m a r a r and r f o the pl ce of thei c ptu e , we e worn

a m r out l o st beyond de sc ip tion . No one can fully comp r ehend their condition without r e

ﬂect ing upon th at extremely long ride on ho r se

’ a o r r b ck , without food d ink , mourning their

a and r w r r r de d , to tured ith the wo y over thei

r a futu e f te .

’ On their arrival at Bl ack H awk s Grove there wa r a a s g e t rej oicing at the Indi an c mp . Sev

r a s ua s to s ass s e l q w hurried the girl , i ted them o ff r s s and t their ho e , conduc ed them to the cen

i st o f Ro c o b urnse i l l r d 1 9 1 4 . C a H k , y G y W , ; i s st l . 1 t o W . o 2 9 6 i s s C l 422 C . . Hi . , ; W . Hi , I 46 TH E CAPTIV TY .

t er of the c amp where they h ad prep ar ed a comfort abl e pl ace in the for m of beds of animal

” n an a t s s h aw s s d . e s s ki bl nke Al o , t qu brought

s ar r a and m a in wooden bowl , p ched co n , me l ple

s a i h s ug r m xed , which they invited t e girl to

eat . r e a a a r s Mo through fe r th n pp etite , the gi l

ar o wa s s p to k of the food , although it s di gu ting

to them .

The squaws r equest ed th e girls to throw on the ﬁr e p ar ticles o f food and some tob acco

a e r s which they h nd d them . The gi l complied

th e es us s s a with requ t of their d ky ho t , lthough they did not know for wh at purp o se it was r e

A a wa mm e . s a a s a quir d m tter of f ct , it co on pr actic e am ong th e In di an tr ibes to m ake the o ﬁ er ing of food and t o b acco to their gods in

c as e of esc ape from death o r as th anks f or some 1 9 r r ext aor din ary good fo tune .

The squaws r equested Sylvi a and Rachel to

se ar a s and a s a l a lie down on p te bed , then qu w y

ea s a r s so a on ch ide of e ch of the gi l , th t there

was c a f or s a a h ad no h nce e c pe . Thus bed , they

a s s r s night of confu ed , di o dered leep , in which visions of their fr iends and the scenes of the

a m a m a m assacre h unted the l o st continu lly . The

1 9 “

2 In i n T es o f . ra e 68 Sc o o a r b . d i U S D k , , 72 ; 6 h l ’ “ i h 83 88 ra s s o r f nd n r bes o f t e S . t t o a . c U. f , H y I i T i , TH T T E CAP IVI Y . 47

a r s th r s but squaws ende vo ed to oothe e gi l , they could not t ake th e pl ace of th at mother who in their childi sh nightmar e s would say to them ” n r S d eans sa a r a r a d t . , y p ye y leep

d wee B ut Go i s s t .

My mo th er t o ld m e s o , Wh en I knelt at h er feet — — Lo ng so lo ng ago ; h s e m h n n er s S e cla p d y a d s i h . h m emo r t r A h ! m e, t at y s i s ’ M y so ul s p ro fo und est d eep wo n er h t wee N o d t a I p . S h e as e m h n nd m e cl p d y a d s a s il d , A h ! th en I was a c hild I knew no h arm ’ M y mo th er s ar m W as ﬂung ar o und m e ; and I felt Th at wh en I knelt ’ To st n t m r r a er li e o y mo the s p y , G d w w t m h th r o as i h o t er e e . “ ” Y ea ! Go d is sweet ! S h e to ld m e so ; S h e nev er to ld me wr o ng ; A nd th r o ugh my y ear s o f wo e H er w s er s nd d n w hi p so ft , a sa , a d l o , ’ A nd sweet as n e s so n A g l g , — F av e ﬂ o at e a r eam . r an H d like d . Ry . CH APT ER VI .

TO TH E R ES C E U .

a ar r t a When John W . H ll ived at O t wa he did n ot know th at h i s sister s h ad been t aken pr ison er s but s se t a h ad m a , he uppo d h t they been ass cr ed wi th the rest o f the pe o ple at the D avis

a H i s ﬁr s m s was r and cott ge . t i pul e evenge , he r us a r m en arm and hed wildly bout , u ging to go

h im h e m assa r with to the scene of t c e . The spir it of adventur e was r amp ant among the

at h e m and s n people t ti e , John oon fou d him self at th e he ad of a consider able number of m un men arm al l s u s wh o o ted ed with kind of g n ,

w e a m o b r m t a follo ed him lik , f o Ot wa to the

a t m D vis Set le ent .

On their way out they m et some of th e m en

’ wh o r a at t m a s r r we e defe ted S ill n Run , etu ning

a a n a r a es men to Ott w . John e de vo ed to h ve th e

a m a h im a s e m cco p ny to the D vi S ttle ent , but

h ad a a r and in they enough of Indi n dventu e ,

s a of ass s d s r a te d i ting John , i cou ged the men with him from engaging in a ﬁght with the

Indi ans. ’ When John s squadr on ar r ived at th e D avis cottage there was p r esented an awful Sight thi r teen mur der ed and mutilated bodies in and [48]

50 TO TH E RESC UE.

John l ed h is little army to the D avis Settlement and al ong the Indi an trail until he lost it on

i c the gre at prair e . He con luded that the In ” di ans h ad taken the Kishwaukee Tr ail to where th e Kishwaukee ﬂows into the Rock

e and h e a un ar Riv r , followed th t route til he rived at h i s obj e ctive point without att aining h i s e aim sa ot t chi f . Di ppointed in n even ge ting

’ any info rmation of h is sisters and in not hnd in a a s and h i s a s g further tr ck of the Indi n , r tion

a w a a r e h ving run out , John as g in obliged to turn with hi s troops to Ottawa for a fre sh sup

o s a a r ss ply , when once m re he t rted on f uitle se arch for h is sisters E CHAPT R VII .

M ILI TARY M OV E h/I EN TS .

’ When a remn ant of Stillman s men return ed

- to Dixon after an exciting ride of twenty ! four ’ m a R e a mile s fro Stillm n s un, they r port ed th t they h ad been attacked by thousands of Indi ans an d th at all the rest of the army h ad been mas sa a a e a h cred . The ex gger ted r port set few of t e

h ad o t t a men who n been with S illm n , keen to

ﬁght ; but it instilled into mo st of them a sense

“ m -s ss and a e s e of ho e ickne , m ny of th m reque t d

! Ta to be excused from duty . Gen . ylor imme l n di a e Ge . te y r p ort ed the situation to Atkin son , at a an e n als Ott aw , d the l att r ordered Ge er

s e and a c a d White id H rney , who were in omm n

s a s a s s of ome United St te regul r , to pur ue the

Indians .

’ When the troop s arrived at Stillman s Run they found th e bodies o f thirteen soldiers and mo st of the deserted commissary which h ad in cluded a b arrel of wh iskey th at Bla ck Hawk

m a a s e ptied on the ground . Bl ck H wk de troyed th e wagons and everythi ng else th at could not

a a a e a f ew o a s a be be c rried w y, exc pting b t th t longed to the Indi an s which were left o n the i a r ver b nk . [51 ] E S 52 M ILI TARY MOVEM NT ,

A s a m atter of fact Black H awk h ad only forty war ri ors with him at the time of th e at

’ a on S m a s a t ck him by till n men , while Stillm n h m en ad about three hundred . At the time of

’ the att ack m any of Stillm an s men were und er the influence o f liquor and most of them in such a st ate of insubordin ation that they p aid no a h s e fﬁ s s ttention to t e order of th ir o cer . Thu

e us n th e a a a and th y r hed i to c mp of Bl ck H wk , , as ea was a was but a ch cting independently, it short time un til the Indi an s by their sho ts and yells h ad the militi a scared cr azy and on the

2 0 r un .

M a 22nd a a A n On y , in ccord nce with Gen .

’ d erson s s an order , Gen . White ide took up d fol lowed the Indian tr ail f o r thir ty-six miles along the Kishwauk ee and the Syc amore ; but when th e a was a ia a high pr irie re ched , the Ind ns sc t t er ed so in all dir ections th at th e troops were

a r a h and ar un ble to t ck them furt er, the my pr oce eded to th e Fox Riv er and down that s a a a M 27 a e a h . tre m to Ott w , where it rriv d on y t On the day th at the girls p assed a few miles

as th a to the e t , e United St tes troop s found on

a r e a s b a s the Syc mo , rticle elonging to the Indi n

20 Th e B ac aw W ar S tev ens 1 3 3 1 3 7 l k H k , , , . E E MOV M NTS . 3

who committed the massacre at D avis Settle

m m e s a a s. a ent , ong which w re three sc lp Perh p

. w it as fortun ate for the girls th at Gen . White side h ad not discover ed and attacked the I n

a s a s r r s a s di n , bec u e unde such ci cum t nce the

a m a m r Indi n s ight h ve u dered them .

m s was A ong the troop s under Gen . White ide the comp any in which Capt ain Abr aham Lin

s s a s coln , ub equently the gre t pre ident of the

o a i r h ad a s s . l s United St te , erved Pr b bly the g

a h ad not yet h e rd of him , who , if he known of

e a a ca their pr dic ment , might h ve ended their p ivi a d a t ty on th t y.

r ar am an Du ing the m ch up the Syc ore , old

a a m a cam am r and Pott w to ie Indi n e into c p , ti ed

n a r sa t s hu gry , with lette of fe conduc , igned

a m n ar . ss of e by Gen Lewis C . Some the decl ed

” r was a f and a a the lette orgery , th t the Indi n

' was a and h o l a spy s u d be put to de th . When

s r a s a . the oldier th e tened the poor fellow , C pt Lincoln stepped forward and said th at he would

2 1 s an man w s a a hoot y who ould a s ult the Indi n . ’ It c an be re adily seen how a man of Lincoln s

a and s r a s s br very uperio ment l re ource , might

a i r s h ve freed the g l without injury to them .

Th e B lac aw ar 2 5 k H k W , 8 . CHAPTER VIII .

I A F E RE “ R D O F RE D .

The day aft er the m assacre messengers car

ried th e news in al l dir ections to the v arious

s s s s s s ettlement in Illinoi , outhern Wi con in ,

a a and s a northern Indi n we tern Michig n . At

every settlement block -houses or stockades wer e built and the whites prep ared to defend them

s s a a s a a of a s Ga elve g in t tt cks the Indi n . At len a the people assembled on M ay 28th and p assed resolution s ( among other things) deplori ing the c aptivity of the Hall girls and declaring their o bligations to obtain the r el ease or th e

a s a a n sh c ptive . In Michig n lo g the l ake ore,

er was a s ﬁ b f r th e gre t excitement , inten i ed y e 2 2 quent rumors th at the Indi an s were coming .

s-on was at O a a ff Gen . Atkin who then tt w o ered

‘ -ar f s s o ds the Indian s a rew d o in hor e , g o

sa s as or money , for the fe delivery of the girl , it was fe ared th at if force were used the Indian s

‘

s. s s . would murder the girl In Wi con in , Col Do dge wh o h ad comm and at Blue Mounds Fort

25 s of a s s s immedi ( miles we t M di on , Wi con in ) , ately recruited an army and m ade pl ans to get

2 2 r 2 M ichigan newsp ap e s, 1 83 . [54] REWARD OFFERED . 55

s i a a B eo uch ar d at the girl . L euten nt Edw rd ’ Blue Mounds and H enry Gr atiot of Gratiot s

1 5 ast a a Grove ( mile s northe of G len ) , who were friends of the Indians with whom they had

r a a s a g e t inﬂuence , eng ged in the e rch for the

r gi ls.

r a a e G tiot went to Turtle Vill g (now Beloit ,

s s was a o f Wi con in ) , where there tribe Winne bago es with whom he h ad been on friendly terms and who were suppo sed to be friends o f h t e s. r a s white Howeve , the Indi n took him pr isoner and he almo st sacriﬁced h is life in h is

a b a as o f a l s ende vor to o t in the rele e the H ll gir .

s a h is ssa He ucceeded , however , in m king me ge

t a s and a s am known o the Indi n , rou ing ong them a a r strong incentive to obt in the rewa d . While

was as a s an a hi he held pri oner , Indi n c ef to wh om Gr atiot h ad oft en given presents and s ss a and ff h i hown kindne , c me to him o ered s i ’ s s a d a s s a . s ervice to in Gr tiot e c pe Al o Col . Gr atiot was the government agent who p aid the Winneb agoes th eir annual allow ance from the

U a s e n h ad nited St te gov r ment , which , no doubt , m n so e i ﬂuence . The Indi an to ok the Colonel to h is and a c tent, l te in the night silently onducted him to the river and gave him a c anoe in which

a sa hi . s he p ddled to fety On return home , E 66 R WARD OFFERED .

Gratiot repor ted th at the c aptive girls wer e somewher e ne ar the he ad of Ro ck River in

r s s h a a m southe n Wi con in . He d gle ned th at uch information from conversation s among the I n

a s s a rs di n who e langu ge he unde tood .

n a ol a h d s Not knowi g th t C . Gr tiot a vi ited

e a r s s ss Turtl Vill ge , Gen . Ande on ent by me en

er un s r g to Blue Mo d , the following lette

a i s a s . . He dqu rter Right W ng We t Dept ,

’ r 27 h M a 1 832 s t . Dixon Fe ry, y Sir

“ In the attack of the Sac Indi ans on the set tl ements on a br anch of Fox River the 22nd

ﬁ an r s . e d in t , ft en men , women , child en , were

and a s killed , two young women were t ken pri

r s T s ar - r c r r s one . hi he t ending o cu ence hould

a r o ur s m a s us not only c ll fo th y p thie , but urge

r r s to elieve the su vivor . “ Y o u will therefore pro ce ed to the Turtle Village or send someone of conﬁdence and pre v ail on the he ad chiefs and br ave s of the Win nebago es there to go ov er to the hostile S acs ff and ende avor to ransom the prisoners . O er the Winneb agoes a l arge reward to effect the 500 1 000 obj ect ! $ or $ for e ach .

58 REWARD OFFERED . the Indi an s th at they would r eceive the reward

c s a in c ase of su ce s. The Indi ns promised to ma m ke the atte pt . M a 28th a . a e y , Col Gr tiot wrote lett r to Gov ernor a h Porter , of Michig n , telling of t e In Indi an Creek Massacre and the captivity of the

a s and am s sa om H ll girl , , ong other thing , id ! O p ell ed by o ur feelings and relying on th e jus

s a e tice of our country, we did not he it t to prom i se a few of my trusty Winneb agoes a reward i f s a they would bring us tho e l dies unhurt . We promised them the highest reward th at could

o ﬁ er ed e i s a Gr a be Th refore , it evident th t tiot h ad offer ed a reward f or the rele ase of the ’ s s s di s girl before he received Gen . Ander on p atch .

da a r a r r m On the y th t Col . G tiot etu ned fro ’ r a s s Tu tle Vill ge , he received Gen . Ander on

r sa d a t r lette . On the me y he received fur he inform ation th at th e Wi nneb agoes h ad success in their ende avors to r ansom the unfortun ate

r s and h e mm at s a gi l , i edi ely t rted for Blue 2n s a u d . Mound , where he rrived on J ne I X CHAPTER .

THE C A P TIVE GIRLS .

" In Ch apter V we left the girls as prisoners at ’

a a s a s s s . Bl ck H wk Grove , J ne ville , Wi con in Notwithstanding their night of disturbed sleep

and a n s i s r a a gre t eed for re t , the g rl we e w k ened at d aylight by the noise of the Indian s

ar h ound t e tent .

Soon after the girls aro se the squaws brought them their bre akfast whi ch consisted of dri ed

s i a nd i a l ced me t , coffee a porr dge m de of corn

and a a was s pounded w ter , th t erved in wooden

s r s a bowls with wooden spoon . The little e t th t

i s h e the g rl got through t e night , revived th m

and a s a so a t g ve them ome ppetite , th t hey were

a eat a a ble to p rt of the food , lthough they did

not relish it .

ea f a b ﬁ s a s a Br k st eing ni hed , the Indi n cle red o ﬁ a piec e of ground about nin ety fe et in cir cumf erence and erected in the center a pole

a -ﬁv f h a w c h e bout twenty e e et hig , round hi h t y

set ﬁf ea s s up teen sp r , on the point of which were plac ed the sc alps o f the murdered friends th h l e s. t s of girl To the horror of e gir , they

e s a s of a r cognized the c lp their f ther , mother

and Mrs e s a a s a s . Pettigrew . Upon thr e ep r te pe r [59] TH E C P E L 60 A TIV GIR S .

a s a a a s the Indi n pl ced three hum n he rt , which W added gre atly to th ehorror of the girls. as

’ one of the he arts their mother s ? The Indi ans j abbered among themselves for awhile and then the squaws p ainted one side of the f ace of e ach of the girls red and the oth er side bl ack . Then the girls were laid with their

a s a a f ce downw rd on bl nkets ne ar the cent er , just le aving r oom for the Indians to p ass be

n r lim tween them a d the pole . When these p e i

a s a s as n rie were completed , the w rrior , gr ping

e a s s a s as in th ir h nd their pe r , which they occ ion a s and all lly truck into the ground , yelling the

as a s c an a a while Indi n only , d nced round the

s m s wa girl . Every mo ent while thi s going on , the girls expected to be thrust through with the spe ar s ; but they h ad become so h arrassed

r a of e a a s s with d e d tortur , th t they lmo t wi hed

a a . to h ve de th end their troubles However , not

s a s . s and one of the pe r touched the girl , out s o f e ide keeping them in terror , they wer in n-o i w se injured . A fter the warriors h ad continued their dance

a a an s a s for bout h lf hour , two old qu w ( one of whom was the wife of Black Hawk ) led the girls aw ay to a W igwam wher e they washed o ff the p aint as well as they could by scrubbing TH E! C' P I V E LS A T GIR . 61

m r h a the unme cifully . The squaws ad dopted

s and as th e s the girl , , children of chief , they were not required to work .

a s a ﬁ a The Indi n h ving ni shed their d nce , s r r s and a a a t uck thei tent , , fter good de l of

s and s am s ar bu tle confu ion , the whole c p t ted

r r r ac in a no therly di ection . When they e hed

r s m r ls point beyond the g ove , it ee ed to the gi

h r an th at t e whole e a th was alive with Indi s. Pr ob ably not le ss th an war r io r s squaws and r s a ar m child en con tituted th t y . Tir ed and sor e fr om their fo r mer long r ide and r a h a s r c ns a ar s g e tly ex u ted by thei o t nt fe , it was an extr ao r din ar y o r de al f o r the gi r ls to

s ar r i r ss r plunge till f the nto the wilde ne . Du ing tr avelin g ho ur s the gir ls we r e sep ar ated and

“ a i n ar tw s a s e ach was pl ced ch ge of o qu w . Whenever the ar my h alted the girls wer e

r t r a wa s un r b ought ogethe , but l y kept de the

l r sur vei ance of the fou squaws.

“ ’ Their m ar ch fr om Bl ack H awk s Gr ove was

r n r r a r a r r ve y slow a d ove a b o d p i ie . Sho tly befo r e sundown the Indi an s pitched their tents at r a r m s s as Cold Sp ing , bout th ee ile outhe t of “ ” s ar r a am Ft . Atkin on , ne Bu nt Vill ge , the c p 2 3 r of Little P ie st .

t ! s o f e er so n C c . 3 2 7 Hi . J ff , . 62 TH E C P E I RL S A TIV G .

A s soon as the tents were er ected ever ybody

ar s m m s ! i a s p took of o e food , o t of the Ind n with

an s s s s out y uten il , but the girl were upplied

s a s s ! a s s and with the u u l di he wooden pl te , bowl

a l - r spoons. At this place m p e suga seemed to be abund ant and the girls were f urnished al l of it

a t s s a ea . s s th t they could Al o , the qu w eemed to appr eci ate th e fact th at the girls wer e suf f er in r s e and ea a s g f om expo ur , took gr t p in to make their quarters as comfort able as possible . th During their long tramp through e brush , th e light workin g dresses th at th e girls h ad o n at th e time that they wer e c aptur ed h ad become

a and s a s a a b dly torn , the qu w brought R chel red and wh ite c alico dress with ruffles around h n t e b t m and a a e a . I o to , Sylvi , blu c lico The di ans requested the girls to thr o w away their s s and as s a a st i hoe put on mocc in , g in wh ch the l atter stro ngly pr otest ed and refused to t ake off

s No a a a e their hoes. violence to t ke w y th ir s s was s and s ear hoe u ed , the girl continued to w ’ A n a a a a s them . Indi n threw w y R chel comb and sh e immedi ately went after it and kept it so that it c oul d not be sn atched away again

h us th e a s wit out ing force , to which Indi n did no t resort . A s night set in the Indi ans retired and each TH E] C PT E I S A IV G RL . 63

of s h ad s s a s the girl to leep between two qu w ,

which they were compelled to do ther e after up to the time th at they were turned over to the

a s Winneb goe .

Day aft er day the Indians changed th e loca

of h e a a a s tion t ir c mp , prob bly to ev de the white

s F m l if they should pur ue th em . ro Co d Spring

c us s h a f by ircuito route , through t e be uti ul lake

a c country round Oconomowo , they moved northward un til they reached th e rolling hills ne ar Hor i con Lake where they pit ched their ca no t f ar h a s nd h as of mp from t e r pid , a sout e t 2 4 the Indi an vill age of Big Fox . The girls h ad now tr aveled about 1 50 miles wa da north from their home. It s the eighth y

t a nd m th e wa so of heir c ptivity, a to the time s lon g that every minute seemed al mo st a day ;

" and since they last sat at dinner in the little

o a a a r al cottage f Willi m D vis at Indi n C eek ,

in s s an though very vivid their mind , eemed

a s th e a s at wh i ch ' th e e. g Al o , unknown pl ce y h ad c amped being in such various directions

a r s h ad a f ar from e ch other , the gi l no ide how ’ th ey h ad gone from Black Hawk s Grove

’ C o l 2 ac aw s A uto bi o ra V i s st . 60 l . W . Hi . ; B k H k g ” 1 1 aubun 3 st o f D o e h 1 06 1 1 0 60 20 . p y, , , ; W , ; Hi dg ubb e 61 o b 7 . C . , y H ll , ’ 64 TH E C' P E S A TIV GIRL .

n svill e r (Ja e ) . Everywhere they t aveled Indian

am s e e r s a as s a c p w r nume ou , bec use oon s spring h ad opened the Indi ans divi ded into small

am - a a ar r c p s to m ke m ple sug . Were the gi ls to put an estim ate upon the number of Indi an s in

a un a ul a th t known region , it cert inly wo d h ve r e ach ed high up into th e thousands At every camp the d ance around the pole

all its s s r und s a a with hideou u ro in g , ccomp nied

a l s and war - s r a by the Indi n yel whoop , the ttling

u s and a w a s was r of go rd , w ving of e pon , e p eated . Among the tribes e ast of the Mi ssi ssippi River it was an honor principle th at their fem ale cap ti ves should not . be tortured nor thei r ch astity viol ated ; but if white. men were t aken c aptives th ey were reduced to sl avery and obliged to wait upon the whit e women after they h ad been 2 5 s a adopted by the Indi an s. Notwith t nding thi s

l aw t s da s s a s unwritten , he e nce with the c lp on the spe ars h arrassed the girls and c aused them n to so b a d weep bitterly .

“One morning after m any repetitions of the

a c a n r a was a d n e rou d the pole , the prog m v ried

" by a p arty of warriors coming to th e lodge wh ere the girls were in th e custody o f the

‘ 2 5 1 an oo meri can n i ans 2 3 b o f 0 . , H d k A I d ;

A P E X CH T R .

A N O E R S M D .

On the mornin g of the ninth day of their cap

ivit s m a s a o ﬁ a r t y, o e w rrior took Sylvi bout fo ty rods to wher e a number of ch iefs seemed to be f a holding a co uncil . One o the Indi ns told Sylvia that sh e must go with an old chief who was ou a h t r ow pointed t to her , n mely , W i e G , a c f of e a es was a hie the Winn b go , who bout

ﬁ a s a e a s a a s fty ye r of g , t ll , lim , with h wk no e , and as much o f sm i ster look as a man who h ad

o n a e f or of his es only e eye could h v , one ey h ad ‘ a H e was been put out in a br wl . addict ed

a ﬁ and r disr e to drink , g mbling , ghting , othe p 2 6 a l a s a s ut b e practices . Under ny circum t nce Sylvia might h ave protested against going with him ; but when he informed her that R achel

s sta a a d h a sh e mu t y behind , Sylvi decl re t t

h er s r r would not go without si t e . White C ow ,

was a ﬁn and a and a who e ﬂuent or tor , spokesm n

h is a all as s a a of b nd on occ ion , m de long , loud speech in wh ich he exhibited consider able ex cit ement was s e r a s , but li t ned to with g e t intere t

th e e a s h ad ﬁ s e by oth r w rrior . After he ni h d ,

a s a ed o Chief Whirling Thunder ro e , w lk over t

i ‘ W s st o l . C . 3 . 2 5 X . . Hi , [66] 67 RANS OMED .

where Rachel was and brought her to where th e

n wa s a was a cou cil s being held . The itu tion p in

i t sti s a s h had fully n ere ng to the girl , bec u e t ey

s a a w ll a ome intim tion th t it as a about their f te . Aft er some conversation among the chief s they shook h ands and the c aptive s were sur

e r s rendered to Whit C ow , who mu t now get the

girls to Blue Mounds Fort to obtai n the m l reward . The Fort was about eighty i es to

h i n ar e a the sout west a bee line . By the ne st tr il

h e a s a was a u through t M di on l ke region , it bo t

ninety- three miles ; and by way o f Po r tage and thence on the Military Ro ad to the Blue Mounds

was a un r and s s Fort , it bout one h d ed even mile .

The S ac s and Foxes we r e along the fo r mer

a a a and route , which me nt gre t d nger , the Mili

t ary Ro ad was the best in th at co untry . There

o t s a e . f re , Whi e Crow cho e the l tter rout The

s s s s hor e were brought , riding witche were cut and White Cr ow and Whirling Thunder with

their c aptives seemed re ady to go . The squ aws with Whom the girls h ad been staying were very

i i h a s much gr eved at p art ng with t em , te r roll

n s and s ing dow their cheek , the girl who now

r a th e aff s a s recip oc ted ection of the qu w , pre ferr ed to st ay with them rather th an to go with 68 RANSOMED .

’ the warrio r s ; but the chief s stern o r ders h ad to be obeyed .

s m r s a At thi trying mo ent of the gi l , young warrior suddenly st epped up to Rachel and with a l arge knife cut a lock of h air fr om over h er right ear and another fr om the back of h er

a h e sa h he d . At t me time e muttered to White

r a a a C ow , in the Indi n l n gu ge , something which th e r s a r a s a was a gi l fte w rd le rned , th t he would

a a a a H i s h ve R chel b ck in three or four d ys. ex ample was followed by another Indi an who stepped up to Sylvi a and without le ave or a

w r a a a a r m o d of expl n tion , cut lock of h ir f o the fr ont of h er he ad and placed it in h is hunt

- m m af a a ing pouch . So eti e terw rd number of ’ Indi ans m ade an att ack on Kello gg s Grove

r W i n m ea e s. a d colony (n Dodg ville , ) one of the wh o was shot by a min er named Casey h ad ar ound h is neck a lock of br aided h air which was subsequently identiﬁed as th at t aken fr om

a a the he ad of R chel H ll .

a ss r s a a It might not be mi , he e , to t te th t among some of the Indi an tr ibes th e cutting of the h air h ad a mystic al me aning clo sely allied

h e a s and was s a a to t life of per on , u u lly ttended

ﬁrs a with religious rites. The t clipping of

’ s s s child s h air was r et ained f o r religiou purp o e .

A E 70 R NSOM D .

A sc alp h ad a double meaning ! it indicated an act of supern atur al power th at h ad decreed the

a man and s e as a de th of the , it erv d t ngible ’ proof of the war ri or s prowess over h is 2 7 s enemie . While the Indian s were taking lo cks of h air

r s n f om the girl , White Crow , Whirling Thu der , and a a s h ad few mor e Indi n , mounted their

s s and w a s s all hor e , ith their c ptive on ponie , r o ﬁ at a a a a ode g llop , keeping up r pid speed during th e rest of the. day and f ar into the h n a a . nig t , the I di ns looking b ck frequently No doubt White Cr ow feared that the S acs m a s and ight regret th t they let the girl go ,

ul h was a wo d try to re capture t em . It bout

t —s s to a e and u a for y even mile Port g , ntil th t place was re ached th e d anger was gr eat . The

s a a a s girl ppreci ted the d nger ; otherwi e , they would h ave dropped off their ponies from sheer

s e -s s exh au tion . A rid of forty even mile on wabbly ponies !

a a r a W is Fin lly , they r ived on the b nk of the

“ con sin River ne ar the mouth of Duck Creek

a Wis was a (just below Port ge , . ) where loc ted 2 r h 8 a vill age of Chief Deko a .

1 an bo o o f A m nd ns 524 , H d k . I ia , . 28 i 8 ih 286 aubun W i s st 44 . XIII . . H . ; III . ; W , ! nz e 3 i i , 1 0 . ’ RA NIS 'M O ED . 71

At this place the Ind i an s prep ared a bed a s aff wa upon low c old , which s furnished with a a a s and s l a bund nt bl nket fur , where the girls y ‘ un a Th til d ylight . e sun h ad not yet arisen

a a o f Sac a s when p rty w rrior , some of whom were dressed in the clothing of white men came , ,

ca . a a s into mp They w nted to t lk to the girl , but Wh irling Thunder told the girls not t o

s t m and a a f li ten to he to keep w y rom them . Then a long conversation of loud angry words was th e a s s m kept up between Indi n for o e time , when the Sacs mounted their horse s and rode a a w y . It was ascertained l ater th at one of the In di an s who h elped to c apture the girls at Indian Creek was on a hunting trip when the c aptives were turned over t o the Winneb agoe s and on h is r eturn ﬁnding the pri soner s gone and not h av

e h is a s ing rec ived portion of the r n om , he started o ff with a number of warriors with the determination to recaptur e the girls or kill a a h ad a them . No doubt th t if the S cs overt ken the Winneb agoes with their c aptive s before they h ad a a a re ched the Winneb go c mp , they would

e s ul h av fought for the girl , which wo d either have ended in the de ath o f the girls or their

a being agai n c arri ed o ff int o c ptivity . Such 72 ’ RANS OMED .

was I the ndi an custom . Wh at an almo st miraculous esc ape the gir ls h ad !

m a a a s a as I medi tely fter the S c left , h tened

r ea as was a No r b kf t prep red . doubt White C ow fe ared an att ack if he shoul d keep the gir ls at th at pl ace or if he should continue hi s j ourney a a h a long the Military Ro d . W t ever c aused him

a h i s s a r a t ak ' th to ch nge cour e , he r nged to e e 3 0 gir ls down th e Wiscon sin River and to send

s a u o s s the hor es ro nd ver the hill , on the we t

s r a a . ide of the iver , to the next c mping pl ce B r e akfast was e aten as h astily as it h ad been pr ep ared and then the girls were pl aced in c anoes and with a convoy of about one hun d a a o ff ﬁ s s l . s red Indi n , were p dd ed At r t the girl

ar a a s l fe ed th t their little b rk wou d tip , but soon they found their canoes were in exper t and safe h ands and th at the new manner of

- n tr avel was f ar superior to horse b ack ridi g . I t was r e stful and g ave them a fin e o ppor tunity f or s r a un a a r m ob e v tion , which der f vor ble ci cu

s st ances would dr ive an artist into ec t acy . The m aj e sti c bluff s with wooded slopes and cr aggy

s s h e a s s cre t , lined t river for m ny mile , tretch ’ r a was ing o ﬂf to the we st a oun d Devil s L ke . It

2 9 er i In ns 2 0 2 an bo o o f m can a 3 . , H d k A di ,

. f ub en mo r e o h a a 1 60. M e i s S ,

74 RANSOMED . the c amp and did not return again until sun

a r ss and down . Prob bly, he c o ed the river went to h is own village at the west end of Mendota L ake to get information concerning the ransom

ff a s wa sl e . s a o red for the c ptive He y chief , and if he did not have considerable conﬁdence

s o f hi a s a s s . s in the ucce undert king , in te d of t aking the gi rls acro ss to Blue Mounds he might h ave them run further down the river and ther e m hold the longer in c aptivity . The thirty- ﬁrst day of M ay h ad arr ived and for the second night the Indi an s c amped on the

s r r r ir we t side of the Wisconsin Rive . Befo e et i n ﬁ s s g, White Crow for the r t time poke to the

s h sh a a girl in t e Engli l ngu ge. He inquired

a an s s o r whether their f ther , mother , or y i ter

was a s brother , live , to which the girl replied th at all h ad been killed o n the day of their cap

ivi h r a ad s h is t t . a s y W ite C ow ppe red , hook

a and a s a a sa he d , fter he it ting moment , id he woul d take the girls home in the morning . He asked the girls if they thought t h e whites would a if h ng him he took them to the fort , to which they repl ied th at on the contrary the people at the f ort woul d give him mon ey and presents for his trouble . The conversation with White Cr ow r oused the

76 RANSOMED .

s th e s s a a r hope of girl con ider bly, but linge ing doubt as to the truth of h is words kept r ev ol v

r h ing in their minds th oug out the night .

Th e next morning the chiefs accomp anied

ﬁ by about forty w arr ior s put th e girl s in c anoes and swam their horses acro ss the r iver alongside

a s a a e m a of the c noe , l nding bov the outh of Bl ck

Ea r s r m rth Creek . The ho e s we e ounted in

as b t as s a r rs h ad r a h te , u mo t of the w r io to t vel o n foot and wer e impeded by m ar she s and

s th ﬂa o r r ss was underbru h on e t b ttom , the p og e s r a un w a rn ss low . The gi ls w tched the s ith e ge e in their ende avor to tell which way they wer e traveling and were assured th ereby th at they

e a a a a t wer g in going southw rd , l hough only in a r a ass circuitous course . Hou fter hour p ed a a all h e t a w y, the girls t while expecting o c tch

h a a sun was s s e . s ight of t fort Fin lly , the ink

o ﬁ s s r a s ing over the Wi con in Rive , the Indi n onc e more c amped f o r the night on the b ank of

a creek . There were two o r three Indi an families

a at a and s r s c mped this pl ce , on eeing the gi l

r a a s they expressed g e t j oy . In hort time the squaws h ad prep ared a supper con sisting of

l a s ff and a pick ed pork , pot toe , co ee bre d for the

i s and r th e g rl , White Crow Whi ling Thunder , RANSOMED . 7

st th e a s i a a f e re of Indi n din ng p rt rom th m . The me al was th e best cooked and the spr e ad the cl e anest th at h ad been placed befo r e the

r s and it e r a o a gi l , tempted th i ppetite s th t they m a a r a a a de ve y f ir me l , fter which they felt sleepy and wer e gl ad when they could lie down

s a s m s a had to re t . In hort ti e mo t of the Indi ns r h r s a him etired , excepting W ite C ow, who e ted s s r s wh r e h e s a elf clo e to the gi l , e moked pipe all s was ﬁr - a a war night . Thi the st time th t

h ad t a and r rior kep gu rd over them , the infe ence of t h e gir ls was th at the old chief fe ared an att ack of the S ac s who h ad visited their

a a r a r s a c mp t Po t ge . The gi l thought th t per h ap s the Indi an chief who h ad been rebuff ed at

a a m a a s and th t pl ce ight h ve gone fter recruit , th at at any moment the Indi ans might swoop

m a s down upon the . Now , when they were lmo t

as r a within gr p of their f eedom , it r cked the minds of the girls to think th at there was a possibility of bei ng sl aughtered or again c arried

th e into c aptivity . In t hi s condition of mind girls p assed the night .

Th e c amp was astir at sunrise and f or the last time White Cr ow went aroun d perf orming h is religious service by rattling his gourds and a a s e a as th e ddressing the Indi n . Aft r bre kf t 78 S ME RAN O D . girls were again mounted on their ponies and all v a ro and b mo ed forw rd over higher g und , e ’ f ore ten o clo ck they h ad re ached the Military

a o a wa Ro d from F rt Winneb go , by y of Blue

un to a s du . Mo d , Pr irie Chien The sight of the w agon tracks was the ﬁrst sign of civilization th at the girls h ad observed since their c aptivity and in cre ased t heir conﬁdence in th e prob ability

a as A l w m . s a as of their e rly rele e o , the ro d uch

better than any they h ad tr aveled since th e i r

a o n ak c pture . It led through gr ves a d o open

s a h e a is un in g , long the hig ridg th t broken to

ssiss s a the Mi ippi River . In pir tions of hope were ’ nec essary to revive th e girls spirits and en able th em to complete th e r emainder of their long

r as aus j ou ney , they were exh ted to the verge of

nd was a se. i a a s a a coll p Hope s gre t timul nt, it n on this th at th e girls were now sub sisti g .

“ A usph ﬁo us Ho p e ! i n th y sweet gar d en gro w f o er o e r eat s f o r ach to a ch arm r ev w . W h e il , y

’ About two o cl o ck in the afternoon the In

di ans h alted fo r lun ch and to let their horses

a o was s a feed . The princip l f od duck egg , ne rly

a a a s at e r s h tched , th t the Indi n with eli h , but

r which the girls r ej e cted with disgust . Afte lun ch they h ad not traveled far until they R ANSOMED . 79

c aught sight of Blue Mounds For t in the dis

t a . a t ance . White Crow ook white h ndkerchief

a a h ad a th t R chel tied on her he d , which he

as a a ﬂa r e and f tened on pole for g of t uc , rode

nd a in advance of the Indi ans a their c ptives. In

s a a B eouch ar a hort time Lieuten nt Edw rd d ,

wh o wa ma at and s com nder the fort , met them

a o addressed th e Indi ns in their wn l anguage .

Th e warr iors now f ormed a. c i rcle into which B eouch ar d rode and he and the Indi ans t alked

r ouch at con side able length . According to B e ’ ard s subsequent stat ement th e Indi ans were unwilling to give up the girls until they were

a 01 a a th a ssured by C . Gr tiot th t e rew rd

B eouch ar a ass would be p aid . d h ving ured the girls th at they would be well tre ated by the

a s n h is e a Indi n u til r turn , went b ck to the fort n a a d n . soo returned with Col Henry Gr tiot , the

a a t and a a s s Indi n gen , comp ny of oldier in

i a nd as H a n s of wh ch Edw rd a Re on ll , u cle the

a s s as a s. c ptive , were erving priv te

a ass a s a r e Col . Gr tiot ured the Indi n th t the a i a w rd for the r escue of the g rls would be p id .

s th e a s to h is s s at Al o , he invited Indi n be gue t

th e t and a a a eas for , th t he would prep re big f t

Th a i r h for them . e Indi ns be ng very hung y t e a as a a e t . fe t ppe led v ry s rongly to them Fin lly , 80 RANSOMED . th e chiefs agr eed t o pl ace the gir ls in the cus

ra un th e r a tody of Col . G tiot til ew rd would be

a a s r a r r e p id , the Indi n et ining the ight to the tur n of the c aptives if the government failed to

pay. Th e c alico dresse s which the gi r ls h ad r e

cei ved a s h ad r from the Indi n , become to n by

r a br i-ar s and s and riding through b ke , bru h ,

s a s and s a a with their oiled f ce di heveled h ir , m de 3 1

s . a s s s them obj ect of pity In en e , the girl

a ei ss s h ad r as be ring th r cro e , followed thei M ter

a a its s m r an up C lv ry to um it , whe e He gr ted thei r pr ayer by setting them fr ee .

’ m t t o f i 4 2 3 s s . W s 2 1 S 2 5 . , i h Hi , ,

- 82 ROYA L L Y E CO'ME' W L D .

A rm and t s s , into the Fort , fed hem umptuou ly . Ebenezer Brigh am who lived at the e ast end of th e Mounds contributed a big f at steer for the

as . r as s a s fe t Afte the fe t , lodging for the Indi n

e a s s h a wer prep red , bed for the chief ving be en

r o f a s a p ovided in one the cott ge . H ving every

f ta a a d . thing com or bly rr nge , the Colonel retired and wa s s soon fast a leep .

an h a had About our fter Col . Dodge gon e to

a ra t a s h is i bed , C pt . G tio c me ru hing to c abin n an e a a s xcited m nner , c lling to him to rou e up and f r i a H in prep are o action immed tely . e formed the Colonel that th e Indi an chiefs whom

h [ a h ad t e Colonel h ad placed in the cott ge , gone out to some brush ne ar by and app arently were m el ting th e Indi ans to make an attack upon the

r h ad o a t a and Fort . White C ow come t the C p in after telling him that t h e whites were a soft sh e-lled breed and no good to ﬁght ( referring to

’ a a s a s th e Stillm n s defe t) , he clo ed by dvi ing I n l i . a C apt ain to tel h s brother , Col Gr tiot , the

’ a es f e t o and sta at th e di n ri nd , go home not y

A s a a h ad s men fort . l o , C pt . Gr tiot ob erved the

r s a a s and s a s whetting thei knive , tom h wk pe r , and it was le arned th at two o f the warr iors h ad been sent to the Wi nneb ago c amp early in the ’ O LL WEL COfM ED R YA Y . 83

r a a evening , p ob bly to obt in more Indians to a a o tt ck the F rt .

a Col . Dodge , fter listenin g attentively to the “ s a a ! tory of C pt . Gr tiot , replied Do not be a a sir s l rmed , ; I will ee th at no h arm bef alls ” you .

a f e Col . Dodge then c lled the o ﬁc r o f the guard and an i nterpreter and with six other men went out to wher e the Indi ans were and took into custody White Crow and ﬁve o f the

t a s and a o her prin cip l chief , m rched them into a c abin inside the p alisade to secure obedience

i af to h s comm and . Then ter directing the p r oper ofﬁcer to place a strong guard ar ound th e c abin and double the guard around the

ca t th e l a n whole en mpmen , Colonel y dow with ’ I i ns a r s s the nd a . To c r y out the Colonel order

ll at so a a took a the men the Fort , th t virtu lly the whole force was under arms during the 2 ’ 3 r s es r nigh t . Once more the gi l liv we e in

a j eop rdy . The night p assed with out another incident and when th e sun aro se over the gre at pl ains t o

as s and s a the e t , the girl were up reli hed good i bre akfast with th eir friends that awa ted th em .

1 t 00 1 86 . X Wi s. H s . . i R'O A WEI JCOM ED 84 Y LLY .

was s and d Col . Dodge out before the girl he tol ’ the Indi ans th at they must all go to Morrison s

r a a r a a -a G ove , pl ce where the o d to G len branches o ﬁ the Milit ary Road to Pr airi e du ﬁ a u s s s. Chien , bo t fteen mile we t of Blue Mound — — Th e Indi ans White Crow p ar ticul ar ly pro

s a a s i a a r te ted g in t go ng , st ting th t thei feet were so r e from their long m ar ch in b r inging the

a r s n s and a h ad H ll gi l to the Mou d , th t they shown such gre at magn animi-ty in r isking their lives to ransom the prisoners th at they should rec eive their reward and be allowed t o return

e a a hom . Col . Dodge fr nkly told th em th t he believed th at they wer e in symp athy with Bl ack Hawk and th at h e sho uld be obliged to tre at

s I n a us them as suspect . v in did White Crow e h is eloquence in p r o -testing h is fri endship for

s and a r al l was r a ss the white , fte in e dine the Indi ans and soldiers accomp anied by the Hall

’ girls st art ed on their mar ch to Morrison s

e a Grov , where they rrived before noon . Here George Medary kept a hotel ina l arge house

b th e s t s wn s ad built y Morri on bro her of he log ,

a l a ﬁ o f ﬁrs j oining cu tiv ted eld , one the t in the 33 e stat . The ladie s looked after the comfort of the

83 l ” X . u i . s L 1 a 1 I s H O 34 W b n 1 . II . W i t C , ; u , 1 RO' WE’DCOME YALLY D . 85

r s m m xhibi gi l , who they welco ed with much e

and aff an 01 a d C . tion of j oy ection , Dodge , fter

a th e a s e r s h ving Indi n w ll fed , orde ed the chief m a to line the up un til he coul d t lk to them .

r s a a ar mi sit Fi t Col . Dodge expl ined the l ng na s rr un s s and tion u o ding the white ettler , the info rm ation th at he h ad that the Winneb agoes

h esitatin ‘t o a a and ar were g j oin Bl ck H wk , w ned them of t h eir destr uction if they should t ake

h s ar war a a s . p t in the g in t t e white . Next Col Gr atiot spoke to the Indi ans in their own

“ t a a and a h ad ongue , in kindly m nner , fter he

ﬁnished White Crow m ade the following speech ! “ a er s s t a es m e F th , when you en requ t to to go and r a s two e m to nsom tho e whit wo en , we called on all of o ur people who wer e ar ound us and a all a m -s they g ve of their w mpu , trinket and and th e a s s s. corn , we chief g ve ten hor e

t st and rs t The Li tle Prie , I , two othe , wen to the

a r s r S uks to buy the p i one s. We soon succeeded in a m s buying one , but for ti e could not ucceed

r r h ad in buyin g the othe . Afte we bought one , ‘ m d r h a . sa we de nde the othe T ey id , No , we a will not give her up . We h ve lo st too much ’ blood . We will keep her . “ ‘ ’ W ! o v e told them If you d n t gi e her up , ’ e s t n a I W will rai e he tomah awk a d t ke her . 86 'O' ELCOME R YALLY W D .

h c a a t a ad a horse whi h you , f ther (Gr tio ) , g ve d was as s a h a . o me . It the l t hor e th t I I t ld them th at I woul d give them th at horse to ob

s r A - s o n t a tain the pri one . t und w hey g ve me a m the girls and I g ve the the horse . The Little Priest took one of the gi rls and I took the other m and u s s. Sa a as p t them on hor e A uk c e , we

a star and a t off were bout to t , ttemp ed to cut the

a his a and h ir of one of the girls. I c aught h nd

“ r a a a s p evented him , but llowed him fterw rd to

a s a c T s t s cut m ll lo k . he e whi e si ters were very much affected and my young daughter cried to

see these white sisters so distressed . Our women

l r an a bought c othes f om the S auks d g ve them . These sisters will tell you th at we made them

s e and th a leep togeth r , e d ught er of the Little Priest slept on one side of them and my daugh ﬁ a ter on the other side . We were morti ed th t

l u r a s we cou d not se them bette . Our bl nket

ar e and worn out we could do no bett er . I

e ase and f r tri d to ple com ort th em , but they we e not accustomed t o our mode of living and coul d a not e t .

ar e two isters r Here our s , we b ing them here to t ake their h ands and give them into your h a W s. e a sa t r iv s f or th e nd h ve ved h ei l e , a s t d o l S uk in ende t ki l them . RO' VVEL COME YALLY D . 87

f a s all at a e t ask And now, ther , th we h v o 9 ' o f you is that you will not put us or o ur ch il dr en in the same situation th at these wh ite

r sisters were . We h ave b ought them to you to prove to you th at we ar e th e friends o f the ’ ’3 ‘ a s Americ n .

s r After li tening to White C ow , Col . Dodge informed him th at he would hold as ho st ages f or o c a a s the go d onduct of the Winneb go Indi n ,

e h s t A rm th ir c ief Spo ted , Whirling Thunder

and t s W ch ma Lit le Prie t , to which the iley ief de

t e t as wa i a as li tl obj ec ion , he s try ng to obt in much goods as possible in ﬁnal settlement of the

a was a s s rew rd , which p id mo tly in trinket ,

a ts and s s bl nke hor e . Having been well fed and supplied with

s a s and a s of a s h wl bl nket brilli nt color , child

ans a s m like , the Indi were now nxiou to go ho e .

e r a e Whit C ow , with showing of much regr t ,

a - n a a b de good bye to Sylvia a d R chel H ll . He

s t s u and t o went over the incident of heir re c e , ,

e his f s f or l s ff prov riend hip the gir , o ered to give each of th em a Sac squ aw as a servant for f e. s a but sa a li The girl th nked him , id th t they did not want any hum an being to be taken away

r h er as h ad r s f om people they been f om their .

“ R e o r of C l . Gratio t in U 8 ﬁles p t o . . , 8 'O E COME 8 R YALLY W L D .

rl s a a ll h e a s The gi then b de dieu to a t Indi n ,

ar m a h ad a nd tow ds who their he rts ch nged , a

s a r s for whom they now felt con ider ble f iend hip . The eloquence of White Crow m ade an impres s o n a s in a s m ion on the youn g w me , s he poke y p athetic tone unexpected kind words th at

“ a touched their he rts. ’ After r e sting at Morr ison s during the after

and ar so l noon night , e ly the next mornin g the

r r a s a an s die s with thei Indi n ho t ges d the girl , p r oceeded along the Galen a ro ad t o For t De

fia was a five m s s as nce , which lo c ted ile outhe t o f a a a r s Miner l Point . Here g in the gi l were w a f o r s ffi r s and ell c red by the wive of the o ce , the mo st sumptuous me al th at could b e pre

ar was s t m and t s r s a p ed e before the , heir ho t t y m 3 5 ade as ple asant as possible .

f r s r s and A te dinner , with the convoy of oldie

a s a s s a a m the Indi n ho t ge , the girl g in oved on ’ r a s r a a m s s to G tiot G ove , bout ile outh of Shull

r n r m r a d s as a a . bu g , fou teen ile no the t of G len At this place ther e was a vill age of twenty f am ili es a and a ar r s , with hotel g i on of United

3 6 a Stat es soldiers. The le adin g l ady of the pl ce

’ w a a w r w m as . s a a C pt Gr tiot ife , F ench o n of

l a s h ad exce lent educ tion , who e moth er been

” H -t L X. Wi s. i s Co , 340.

XI I CHAPTER .

H O MEW ARD B OUND .

o n! sweet i s th e Lo ng ed -f o r h av en o f r est ! A nd d ear ar e t h e lo v ed o nes we o f t h av e c ar essed ! A nd fair ar e th e ho m e scenes th at gl'add en th e V i ew Th e f ar -wo o e i ls st r etc n u l e d d h l hi g p t o th e b u , ’ Th a e s li tm i d s l end o r th e ci rc n sh o r e l k p p , li g e, Th e e h r a - f ll and t e fo est , th e m e d and th e mo o r , ’ A r e u r i m em i n h cl ste ed w th r es a d , t o ugh we m ay

ro am , ” Th eir ch arm ev er guid es us and—whi sp ers o f h o me ! nn S an n. ! A a C . c la

The thought of returning to their home ﬁlled ’ the girls he arts with such j oy as was possibl e

e s s a s under th ir circum tance . When they ro e on ’ the morning of their dep arture from Gr atiot s

e e e was s . Grov , v rything in piring Never before h ad th e bir ds sun g more swe etly nor h ad the

vil ﬂowers looked more b eautiful . The whole

a was as a and o a was l ge tir e rly , pr b bly there not one of the inh abit ants who failed to appe ar

- to bid th e girls good bye . ’ a r a s a s s m C pt . G tiot wife m de the girl o e nice

presents and h ad so ende ared herself to. t hem

th at al though they h ad kn own her but a very.

s h ea s and a s. hort time , t ey left her with t r , in te r

a l all a w a sol Fin l y , being re dy , ith convoy of diers the girls continued their j ourney to White i901 ‘ H ‘Ot EiVVA RD O B UND . 91

Oak r 1 0 a a Sp ings ( miles northe ast of G len ) , n ear which they formerly lived and where th ey h ad f was l a e many riends. It then a mining vi l g

s ab s so a n as of con ider le ize , but not ch rmi g ’ a wa o l Gr tiot s Grove . There s a fort with s

s at a and all was a dier the pl ce , in re dine ss to r A s s a s eceive the girls. ome of their rel tive

a a r s lived ne r the pl ce , going the e eemed to them i l ke going home .

ﬁ s s r r s s a s h ad One of the r t u p i e th t the girl , was to meet their brother John who they

“ h a thought d been murdered at Indi an Creek . He h ad been mustered into the militia and was

s a at a a was an ﬁn t tioned G len , but gr ted inde ite ab sence to go to meet h is si sters and accomp any

them home . At White Oak Springs they r eceived a letter

r as from their fo mer p tor , Rev . R . Horn , who h ad a mission on the Illinois River where Robert

t an s . Sco t , uncle of the girl , lived The letter was ful l of kindness and invited the girls to come to th e Horn residence and make it their

a ll a a s . a home From th t time on , rr ngement a a were m de to th t end . On the night of Jun e sixteenth gre at excite ment was c aused by a messenger riding into the town and announcing th at th e b attle o f th e OME 92 H WARD BOUND .

Peckatoni ca ( 1 8 miles northe ast ) h ad been

a all a a a a fought , th t the Indi ns th t p rticip ted

h ad been and t a a of in it killed , h t m ny the h d a a s h a . s a w ite f llen The hocking p rticul rs,

e a r s r and which wer lo thing to the gi l , we e told

h ad s a s and retold . They een hum n blood pilled

a s a a so s m they knew wh t uch sight me nt , it i ply

e r ren wed their horro . The girls remained at White Oak Sp r ings two

s r a r s ma week , during which thei l dy f iend de considerable clothing for them so th at they h ad a -s a s well upplied w rdrobe , con idering the time and h e r t border country . The men we e not backward in the good work and presents o f goods were given by the store - keepers and a

s r wa small pur e raised to help to smooth thei y.

A l so a a t a s e and , old cqu in nce were ren wed new fri endships wer e formed from which it was h ar d to bre ak away when it c ame time to

r ff a le ave . F om gru old miners up to the rmy

fﬁ e h is s -s r a s a o c r in houlder t p , the vill ge folk gathered around the young ladi es to wish them

-s God p eed . Th e girls shook h ands with everybody and

a a and e th nked th em , individu lly coll ctively , for

e th e as wr t n s a e their gre at kindn ss. In l t i te t t ment signed by Rachel Hall Munson and Sylvia ME B O N 9 HO WARD U D . 3

a r sa ar e s we H ll Ho n , they y We very orry

a am s s s c nnot recollect the n e of tho e kind friend , th at th ey might appe ar upon record as a tes timony of their kindne ss to us in our destitute

M a ss s our a in condition . y the ble ing of F ther ” a s all ! he ven , re t upon them

Fr om White Oak Sp r ings the g i r ls went o n

a a s an ac to G len , where they topped with old quaintance n amed Bell and wer e supplied with

’ r ation s by the United States ar my ofﬁcer s who

r r r con side ed the gi ls thei gue sts. They h ad no t been the r e many d ays before “ ” the ste ambo at Winneb ago c alled for a lo ad

s r of le ad to t ake to St . Loui . The gi ls with their brother John and their uncle Edward

a assa ss H ll took p ge down the Mi issippi to St .

s a 3 0 and r Loui where they rrived June , were e

c iv d b a hi s e e y Gov . Cl rk who took them to 4 0 r h i home and ent e tained them as s gue sts.

t a at h a as Unfor un tely , t t time the cholera w in th e city and meetings of people public dem

o nstr ati ons and a m s r s , entert in ent , we e re trict

ed . While the girls did not feel like attending

n a s m s e tert inment or going o ciety , the people a m of St . Loui s were anxious to entert in the .

40 etter o f o v erno r lar o ecr etar o f W ar L G C k t S y , “ une 3 0 1 83 2 e o f h ns o n o n 2 3 o t o h nst . J , ; Lif A . S . J , J , 94 OME H WARD BOUND .

se of 47 was and a th A pur $ collected , , t e

e s s wa -o h e a r que t of the girl , s put int t h nds of

s Mr . Horn for inve tment . Ot her small sums of money were given to the girls to p ay their ih cident al s s and at s expen e , r icle for their com

s fort were pre ented to them .

s us and in The girl were a nxio to go home , comp any with their brother John and Uncle “ ” Edward th ey bo arded the st e amer Car olina

a s for Be rd town , from where they were

a h e t ken to t home of their uncle Robert Scott , ’ ai s . close to Mr . Horn Here they rem ned until

a e o f i F ll , when they w nt to the home the r broth er John who h ad recently m arried and se a es a a un a ttled on hom te d in Bure u Co ty, bout

twenty miles west of the D avis Settlement . X CHAPTER III .

O A E, A N D I O Y R M N C H S T R .

At a little country store down m Indi an a where the settlers usually gath ered to re ad the

e s a l a s a weekly n w p per , Wi li m Mun on , young

man was r Y ﬁ s ar o f who bo n in New ork , r t he d

a r and i n a the H ll gi ls the r wo derful dventure .

was m st s his and He the we eeking fortune , , being an admirer of the brave and full of youth

ﬁr e ar a ful , he rem ked to the people th t he

s da a s r s H is would ome y m rry one of tho e gi l .

ar s s a s i s and ne e t friend did not t ke him er ou ly , the matter as a p assi ng j oke was soon forgot t a ﬁ . it a e ten However , wi h him bec me x d ide a, and in the spring of 1 83 3 he went to Illinois and

took up a. l and cl aim in the neighborhood where

a John W . H ll lived .

Every good woman is not satisﬁed until sh e

h as a o f a a home her own . This n tur l longing was p articul arly strong in the minds o f the

a s a s h . H ll girl , who se home d been de troyed Ther e is no record o f how Willi am Munson

ﬁ s met a a i a s r t R chel H ll , but our nform tion show

a h s was s a th t t eir court hip hort ; for in M rch ,

1 883 u a a and s , they were nited in m rri ge , hortly afterwards they settled down on the land claim

a a a and a a entered by her f ther , bout mile h lf [95] 6 OM C E 9 R AN AND HI STORY .

W I LLI AM M UN S ON

m a r e ast of the scene of the ass c e . They were

r and a s m th ifty got long plendidly , b eco ing one

r m s am L a of the fo e o t f ilies of Salle County .

s s r a u a c r s B e ide the ich b nd n e of wo ldly good , they wer e blessed with a l arge family of whom four died in their infancy. A s ther e was no

m r s r ur ce ete y , the little one we e b ied in the

a r r g rden . Of the othe child en who grew up to ma and w a s a a nhood om nhood , ever l bec me very p r ominent and their generations bec ame numer

a s a as ous . Their four d ughter were m rried

98 ROM ANCE A ND H I STORY .

’ a Mr a a i mar of Ottaw [ . Reed s d ught er F nn e

i am s s was t a s r ed J e H . Eckle who United S te

’ r a r e a M rs s T e sure under Cl vel nd . Eckle d aughter Winnie is m arried to Judge Kenesaw

a a s a a s Mount in L ndi , of Chic go . Willi m Mun on ,

r a a a and surviv J . , m rried Deli Sh ver , the other

i i e i n s s s and m a . g on , Loui Ell ot , never rr d

- Mr s a a a a son s. Edw rd V nce , gr nd of Mun on , is a w - a a a and ell known l wyer in South D kot , Douglas Dunavan is a prominent lawyer at Ot

a a s . s a a t w , Illinoi We h ll not ttempt to give s h th a s Mrs ketc e s of e v rious de cendents of .

ns as a m s Mu on , it would exp nd too uch the limit

of this volume. The sho ck of th e massacre and con sequent c aptivity imp aired the splendid con stitution of

M rs h f r . s w o a s Mun on , there fter uf ered f om ner vo usness ; but through the e arlier p art of her h e s s s a A M rs. a . lif , e m nife ted unu u l vigor s

M s as h a a un on p sed middle life s e f iled r pidly , and M a 1 1 870 sh e s a on y , , clo ed her e rthly c areer and was laid to rest in the garden beside a h ad her inf nt children who gone before her , and s h e was be when Mr . Mun on died interred

i a a s ar o side h s f ithful wife . Their gr ve e ab ut

’ one and - a s as Sh abon a one h lf mile e t of a P rk , a a on the origin al H ll homeste d . ROMANCE AND HI STORY . 99

R A A RAC HE A HUS B A B U I L P L CE OF L ND ND .

c a a a f or a In ident lly , we noted the f ct th t sho r t spell the Hall girls m ade their home at th r s r r h . ad a e e idence of Rev . Robe t Ho n He

n m f r so a S . was s o young , Willi , who tudying

s r and as d sa the mini t y, both belonge to the me

r . s a and chu ch (M E . Epi cop l ) were born in

a a a Kentucky , we c nnot s y th t the unexpected h a was a r a ppened . He one ye r younge th n Syl vi a Th . e love story of these youn g people

r a an r a would g tify y novel write . When Sylvi ROMANCE AND HI STORY . left with h er sister to m ake her home with h er

r sh e and M r r b other John , . Ho n looked upon

a r r a ff ar r a e ch othe with g e t a ection . The m i ge of Rachel emph asized the ye ar nings of Sylvi a f o r h er m and M a 5 1 883 sh e was own ho e , y , , m ar r M r r and s ass un ied to . Ho n ettled in C Co ty,

I . r r r n r r o s M a d M s. llin i There we e bo n to . Ho n .

’ r M r r c . s a eleven child en . Ho n vo tion c alled

a a r a n r him from one pl ce to nothe . H vi g se ved

s r s ﬁr s M i s in the mini t y in Illinoi , he t went to s r r r as a a ar ou i , thence to Pe u , Neb k , next to p i sh ar and ﬁ a s w at ne Lincoln , n lly ettled do n

ur m a a n r as a r Aub n , Ne h Cou ty , Neb k , whe e he d M a 8 1 888 a n h im s r n h i s ied y , , le vi g u vivi g , w M r s a a r an d s r a idow , . Sylvi H ll Ho n , eve l

r n r - c r child en a d g and hild en .

am an r s Mr . Horn bec e elde of the M . E . Epi c a r nd r a r o f op l chu ch , a held seve l high chu ch

ﬁ ces r r was f or h i s s . Elde Ho n noted inten e r s a and ﬁ r a s a n eligiou ze l , , gu tively pe ki g , he died in the h arne ss of exh austion and old age.

was r 1 n r m r r He bu ied Mt . Ve non Ce ete y , Pe u ,

r as a Neb k .

r M r s a r a r . Afte the de th of Elde Ho n , Sylvi

a m a h er m h er so n ma H ll Horn de ho e with , Tho s

r r as a r sh e S . Horn , in Aubu n , Neb k , whe e died

a a 1 1 1 899 a 85 ar s 1 0m s and J nu ry , , ged ye , onth

1 02 ROMANCE AND HI STORY .

1 6 Mr a s s a s. s w l hu d y . Horn s bur ed be ide her b and with whom sh e h ad happily lived for 55

h rvwm ye ars. S e l eft su g her a ho st of de

c ndants s e .

a 1 867 a r s M . M In the f ll of , John W . H ll , un

’ son and h er h usband m a a v s r , , de i it to Elde ’ s as a Horn , Auburn , Nebr k , during which Mr . Hall and hi s sister s n arrated the incidents of

assa and a r e the m cre c ptivity , which were duced

n s to writ ing by the Elder a d publi hed . The

a s ar s M r s m nu cripts e now in the cu tody of .

a i s a a Eckels of Chic go . In h s t tement Mr . H ll “ says After thirty- ﬁve ye ars of to il h ave pased over my he ad sm ee the memorable o cca ” m a s is s s . ion , my memory in o e thing r ther dim

Mr s- on and M rs s i a s. Mun . Horn clo e the r recit l “ as f ollows ! Thuswe h ave given the circum stances of our c aptivity and th e rescue as ne arly as we can at i s a e 7 recollect th d te , S ptember , The former published statements of th e ladies substantially agree with this l ast

A l l s a s nd s one . their t tement a public interview have been fr eely used and c ompletely worked ‘1 into this n-arr ativef

rs In 1 833 the state of Illinois don ated to M .

’ “ 3 Smith s Hi stor y o f Wi sco nsin 1 87 t en T l aw War S ev s 1 50. h e B ack H k ( ) ,

1 04 ROMANCE AND HI STORY .

M r 1 60 s a a s and s. a Mun on Horn , cre of l nd th t th e United St ates h ad given to the state to wards the construction of the c an al between

’ a a tim th e a Ch icago and Ottaw . At th t e l nd was not a a and a s a sum v lu ble , netted but m ll

a a i h to the ladies. Now th t l nd s wit in the city

a m of Jol i et and i s worth con sider ble oney . — It h as been asserted and published in books th at Congre ss voted gifts of money to the girls ; but in answer to an inquir y made at the United

a s as a was r m a St te Tre ury, the uthor info ed th t no s a o a h as ma and uch ppr pri tion ever been de ,

M r s Dunavan sa s a sh e h er . y th t never knew of

’ mother s r ece i vi ng any money fr om the govern ment

1 837 ns r a r a s m In Mr . Mu on e ected ve y h nd o e

’ monument on the spot lwher e h i s wife s p arents and s r the other who died with them were bu ied .

is a a a It gr ceful sh ft .

1 905 ff r s r s In , through the e o t of f iend of the persons Wh o were massacr ed at Indi an Cr eek

M a 2 1 st 1 83 2 s s a r a on y , , the Illinoi legi l tu e p p r op r i ated th e sum of ﬁve thousand dollar s to place a monument at the gr ave wher e the vic 4 2 s s 29 1 906 tim were buried On Augu t , , the

Laws o f I no s 05 42 lli i , 1 9 , p . .

XI V CHAPTER . ! SHAR ONA .

’ The story of the Hall gir ls adventur es woul d not be properly ﬁnished without some fur ther

m h abo na b a b . ention of Chief S . Pro ly no other

a s r Indi n in the We t knew mo e white people ,

a a a s was n individu lly , th n he knew ; l o , he know at sight to mo re white people than was any

r hi H i s a wa othe chief of s time . n me s so famil i ar am s a it a ong the white , th t s mere mention w s

a sa ass an s fe p port to y home of the ettlers.

’ ‘ T h i s c hi ef s name i s sp elle d i n many diff er ent “ ’ wa s to -wit Sh a-bo m-ri i S m th o r o f y , ! , n i s Hist y “ ” - ' - S a ‘ ee n M r ! z i W s ns n a b s. n u Wi co i ; h h b y, y i i e n a “ ” “ n h u ena atso n S au- — B u ; S a b , by M ; h b e nee, by “ ” “ ' ” “ - - - P - - ! ingsto n ; Ch ab o n eh , Sh ab eh ney, S h abo nee, ” ’ - i - . f and Sh aubena, n th e Appl eto n s Encycl o p edi a o

m er an B i o r a h es and o n h i s. t o mbsto ne h i s A i c g p i , “ ” a . me nam e i s sp ell ed Sh abo n . I n Illino i s, p laces na d i - i th e after h m are sp elled Sh abbo na and Sh abc n er ,

n n m t M r s . l ter e n th e Fr e s ell A s M r . S at b i g ch p i g. i h ,

! z r Ma t - h nd M r ! n sto n new Sh a in i e, M . so , a . i g , k bo na we l th e we h t o f vi ence s eems t o b e 1 1 1 l , ig e d

r am e-na i i n favo o f sp elling h i s n e S h aub , whi ch s Th e acc o r d anc e with th e sp elling o f Indian wo rd s. seco nd b is no t h ear d i n th e usual p ro no unci ati o n o f “ ” ’ S h abbona ( S h ab -eh -ney) and i t c auses strangers “ ” to mi s -ro no un h n me Ev en th e wo r S ac p ce t e a . d . i s usuall ro no unce S ank and i s enerall s el e y p d , g y p l d Sank er man n an n me v e h t o n . V y y I di a s ha t e diph h g cm o wn f r r d a e C o nse as sh by names o iv e s an pl c s. uentl i t wo ul eem h h e r st s abl e s o ul q y , d s t at t ﬁ yll h d b e s el e S - p l d b . [ 1 06] H A ONA 1 S B . 07

Sh abona was well aware of th at f act and he

r r as M h abo na . always int o duced himself . S B aldwin says th at Sh abona was born in

Canada ; but Matson asserts that he was born on

a a e s and the K nk ke in Will County, Illinoi ; the “ ” Handbook of Americ an Indians gives M au

a is a . mee River , Illinois, s h birthpl ce This con

' tention of many countr i es as the place o f Sh a ’ r o f man a s s a ss . bon bi th , prove the gre tne the

s R s a s and Argo , hode , Smyrn , Chio , Colophon ,

s a s a o a ever l other citie , cl im t be the birthpl ce and a a a s and of Homer ; Scotl nd , Engl nd , W le ,

a r a a r . r s a r B it ny , of St . P t ick Autho g ee th t Sh abona was born in 1 775 and dwelt at Sh a

’ a r ﬁ ar s was a r a bon s G ove for fty ye . He g nd n ephew of Pontiac and his father who was an

a a t a Sh abona Ott w chief , fought under Pon i c . was six t a r and fee t ll , e e ct , weighed over two

un s hundred po d .

a s 1 81 2 1 827 and 1 1 832 During the w r of , , Sh abona rendered gre at service s t o the white people by saving th e lives of m any of them who

e a a t s a s and wer t ken c p ive by the Indi n , by pro teeting th e home of John Kinzie and hi s friends

a assa . during the Chic go m cre However , with his tribe he j oined in the border war against th e whites and. fought beside Tecumseh when 1 08 S A RONA H .

h at a a w e fell the b ttle of the Thames . Th t as th e last t i me that Sh abona r aised a h and against h the w ite people .

ar s m . co When Col Rich d M . John on , who manded the Americ an army at th e Th ame s be

a - r s a s Sh a c me vice p e ident of the United St te ,

h im as bon a m ade a visit t o at W hington . The

- r s a Sh abona a a vice p e ident g ve he vy gold ring , " which he wore until h is de ath and at h is r equest

wa r it s bu ied with him .

’ On account of Shabona s gr e at ser vices to the

s a s a two white people , the t te of Illinoi g ve him

- and one h alf section s of l and at the site o f - h i s

Paw-Paw a 1 83 7 a h a Vill ge . In the l st of S ’ bon a s tribe h aving been moved to a Kansas

s a h is am re erv tion , he followed them with f ily

s st t - s r s s con i ing of twen y even pe on , including h i s son Pyp agee and nephew Pyp s who were so on th er eafter sl ain by the S acs f o r the p ar ts th at they pl ayed in notifyi ng the whites to ﬂee

m r r to a a r assa a a . Ott w , befo e the c e t Indi n C eek Sh abona was warned that the S acs wer e sch em

in assass a a s h i s. ff s g to in te him , bec u e of e ort to sa s and 1 855 ve the white , in he returned to

Illinois.

h a ona a sas Before S b left Illinois for K n , he pl aced h i s l ands in the h ands of an agent n amed

SH RON 1 1 0 A A .

dorm ant gratitude of a few whites who raised a fund with which they bought for him at Sen

eca a a s , on M zon Creek , ne r the Illinoi River , twenty acres o f land which they cultivated and

a i - s a s o f erected dwell ng hou e thereon . Bec u e h is a a s o - h na n tur l de ire t live out doors, S abo lived in a tent ne arby and used the cott age f o r

h eff i storage purpo ses. Through t e orts of h s

r s a a s f iend , the government gr nted him pen ion

un r a s a a sub of two h d ed doll r ye r , on which he s s un h e 1 859 at a e i ted til died in , the g of eighty

a s and was m four ye r , buried in Evergreen Ce e “ t er r r s s . y, at Mo i , Illinoi

Sh abona was sa ! a When dying , he id I w nt no monument erected to my memory ; my life ” i h as ar me. o h s been m k enough for H wever , friends erected at h is gr ave a gr anite boulder

ﬁv e a s e feet long by thr e feet high , which be r “ s s m s ; Sh abona 1 775 only thi i ple in cription ,

W i s st C o l 41 5- 421 sto r o f L a S a e . Hi . , ; Hi y ll

C o unt B alw n 1 0. y , i , 1 4 5 “ Ev r re n emeter r nte am l et 4 . e g e C y ( p i d p ph ) , p . P XV CHA TER .

- - — E o o M EE A N D TO ! UA M E .

o a s ma ask W as a S me of our re der y , nyone pro secuted for the m assacre at Indian Creek ?

es ! Co - and - ua- h ad Oh , y mee To q mee who tried n a a to buy Rachel a d Sylvi a H ll from their f ther ,

s r el in a I I I s a at d . e Ch pter , were , in the pring g 1 833 at a a s a a of , Ott w , Illinoi , indicted by gr nd and a ar a ss and a jury , w r nt i ued pl ced in the

a s ff a had h nd of Sheri George E . W lker who

“ been an Indian trader and spoke the Po ttawat m n a a a a s s. I o ie l ngu ge , to m ke the rre t The dian s h ad gon e to Iowa with Black Hawk and h a i d b ecome members of h s trib e .

A Sh r iﬁ a ac e lone , e W lker went to the S res r

a and a a s r a st v tion pl ced the Indi n unde rr e .

Th e a s a s s -a bu un two Indi n m de no re i t nce , t s a e a a i s ff h ckl d ccomp n ed the heri to Ottawa. They were allowed to go on a bo nd Si gn ed by

ms s Sh abona and s a I n the elve , , ever l other

ans s s di , upon their promi e upon their honor to

f or a return tri l . When the time f or th e trial arrived th e I n

a s er o n a a h ad d di n w e h nd , lthough they tol

s a be e d their friend th t they expected to ex cute . Many of the friends of the p eople wh o h ad b een [1 1 1 1 ’ - ’ - 1 1 2 CC M E A J - A M E E ND TO ! U E.

assa r a and a s o th m c ed , rmed thre tening to ho t e

r s r s s be a at e ded p i one , if they hould liber ted , t n th e a r was a a a at th tri l . The e no j il in Ott w e

so r a wa a a ee time , the t i l s held under gre t tr

a h s A l l th e on the b nk of t e Illinoi . through

a h riﬁ ar m m en tri l the s e with a po sse of ed ,

ar a s gu ded the Indi n .

M rs n nd M r s r r i i a . s a . H Mu on o n , the p nc p l wi ss s s tne e , coul d not po itively identify either

a s and as t h e a s h ad m of the Indi n , Indi n volu t ar ily stood their trial when they might h ave m s a d a . e c pe , the jury cquitted the When the ’ trial was over the Indi an s friends g ave them a b anquet at Buff alo Rock ( six mile s down the

s s ff and s a Illinoi ) , to which the heri ever l other

e prominent men of the time were invit d . A f at deer and choice g ame were p arts of the

and a r at -w - was a menu , ge red hite pow wow a a p rt of the celebr tion .

It i s said th at sub sequently when To x- qua-mee and o - r n fr s C mee were d inki g with their iend , they admitted th at they were present at th e

assa and a o a i n i m cre , th t they t ok p rt t only because they were angered at D avis for build m da a ss a . s ing the cro Indi n Creek Al o , they stated th at it was. thr ough their inﬂuenc e th at

h e s h e a r s s a h t live of t H ll gi l were p red , whic

I ND EX

A . PAGE PAGE l o o b i i n o f 54 A d o pti o n o f C apti ves by B ckh uses , u ld g r i a n z n Eb e r , I chi efs B gh m , e e i an a t A r i ul u r and i vi li z a d fe s g c t e c r r u a as o p . ti o n B ckwhe t ﬁ st c B uﬁ al o r o f A i n o n G en a a , he ds , . t O aw “ ” tk s tt r n i n F u C y , ar t r t o C 01 r a i o B t t e l . G . ette t t A i n o n W i s tk s , . o ff er s r ew ar d A r n r d r ubu , w h e e El e 0. H o r n di ed C amp o n W i s c o n s i n B r i r 74 . ve a a r o 45 59 ’ Bl ck H wk s G ve , B a o f S i l m an ’ “ t t l e t l s Bl ack H awk s Lo o k R un ” o ut a , c mp T P a o ni a he ec t c C o ld Sp r i n g o i r i a Bel t , Tu tle v ll ge . H o r i c o n L ake B e uch ar d L i E d o , u . o r a a near e t P t ge , c mp ana a I n i an o a C d , d v y ges i n i meet g c apt ves t o B i F o x a n ar g , c mp e ano r i r en C es , whe e g ls a ar r a Bl ck E th C eek , c mp t er ed 68 o n Ca ti I n i a n i p ves , d s k ll

a a XV ar . Bl ck H wk when att acked 7 1 l a H a b o r n at B ck wk , Capti vi ty o f H all gi r ls 3 8 o c I an “ R k sl d ar o i na L o i t o C l St . u s o u n i l o f c c Bear dst o wn 94 o u i E n li f ght w th g sh i n r ai r i 1 2 1 81 2 Ch cke s , p e C i pp w a I n i an 1 6 g r i ef o f h e s , d s Ch o l er a at L o i 93 l o ve o f c o unt r y St . u s Ci vi li z a i o n a r r 1 age o r d er ed t o m o ve t o t , m an r i r 25 I o w a d ag cultu e

r r n o n ar G o v . o f i o ri . 93 etu t Illi o i s Cl k , , M ss u o f o I n i an r ni speech Cl thes , d s fu sh i o n n a r 0 0 0 0 0 sec d c o u ci l o f H ll g ls 0 0 0 0 0 ’ a a r o ar o r i n a i n at 61 Bl ck H wk s G ve , C ld Sp g , c mp g ’ r i a at o a r o n v l C mb , R chel s th w “ Bl ack H awk L o o k o ut aw ay camp near C o - mee t ri ed t o buy a a i r o f 23 Bl ck H wk , p ctu e as a w ar r i o r ar r est o f f o r mu r der 1 1 1 i r o f i i i n a i al 1 1 2 as a . p ctu e c v l . cqu tt ’ Bl ack H awk s alleged c o nfessi o n o f a i i o r an r r 1 1 3 Bl cks m t h , mp t t mu de f 9 r o n r r i i o n o . settle C u t y , desc pt [1 1 4] INDEX 1 1 5

D PAGE r a r o o f 31 D am ac r o ss I ndi an C r eek 29 g e t g wth F o r r o f 1 0 I ndi ans o bject t o 2 9 ests , t ees F o r an r 78 I ndi an tear s o u t l e t t Defi ce , est F o r W i nn b a o P o r th r o ugh t e g , t - — ~ g a e 7 n i n o f I n i an 41 59 64 g 8 D a c g d s , F o x I nd l ans 1 3 a i i r a o f 2 8 D v s C ty , d e m a i ff r o n 9 D v s , Je e s D avi s Settlement f 3 2 G . a i A . a o . . D v s , lex , esc pe a i W i i a o f D v s , ll m , sketch a na i n o f eo G le , meet g p i r n o f r r . ch ld e mu de ed l e 54 n i n p u r r by I a . m de ed d s a n n f 1 2 G , abu a o p o werful and 2 8 me d ce o o o f n r 1 ' G y o y 0 i pp I n i an i e l g c u t wh ed d w th r G o , H nr y at w o r sti ck 29 e ge e , k o n d am 3 2 i W m J r a D av , . , . , p s esc e n i n o I a 0 0 0 0 3 6 o f sh t by d s 0 0 0 r a i o a i G C p . o n and D i a i o n o f S a M o n t t t B , ed c t t te I n i an 81 um ent 1 05 d s i o f r 89 90 r r o f 1 2 w fe , cultu ed , Dee , he ds r a i o C o l nr I h G t t , . He y , r i i o n o f o r ” 9 Desc pt c un t y ’ i an r i n 55 i n n r f 1 3 d s f e d o o r ai . D x , ce te t ls a r t o I n i an 84 D l r i r 54 dd ess d s o C o . a s o o dge , , se t ps ’ G r a i o G r o v d escr i p add r ess t o t t s e , i o n o f c o m m a n d at Blue t M o unds 81 H t akes h o stages 87 . r n nn i n i i i D u ke ess M l t a . “ ” ai r r o n o f i D ] H , ce em y cl p r y Y ar . 3 e the i n 68 D n n r p g u ava , M s. A . M i i n o r o r an a 6 97 1 03 cutt g l c k s f m d , , a i s i n r a i o n i n 6 c pt ve o m v b y . . f t g e sca o ani n n m p , d uble me g D unava . S a ar l muel , 0f r i Mi Mu n o n 97 ed ss s i r s a i ve . H l , as cap t fi pi ctu r e o f l g ls 41 - 47 59 - 65 ad o pted by ch i efs 61 E 0 and n i r " r 39 e ghb o s h o ses . at a ar h r 7 6 7 7 H o n a H E t C , Eckles , . J mes . , Bl ck eek U r a r r at l a H aw G r o v 45 . S . T e su e B ck k s e a n 7 9 - 83 W i nni ar r i t Blue M o u d s . Eckles , e , m ed L n at C o l Sp r i ng 61 t o Judge a di s . d F Engli sh g o ve r nment p en at o r t Defi ance 88 si o ned S acs at G ale na ’ i n at G r ati o t s Gro ve 88 9 0 Ev de ce , best at o r i o n L a 66 - 67 H c , ke a ! i r 42 - 44 t au r i v . F . shw kee e ’ at M o r ri s o n s 84 88 F i i t o r n o n 6 95 at P o r a 70 am ly h s y , Mu s , t ge

i s . F a i i o r o r n . at . L o m ly h st y , H St u Fi r a p r ai r i 1 1 at W i Oak r i n 9 0- 9 2 e , e h te Sp gs

F f r 20 79 r i ti o n o f . 7 8 l ag o T uce , desc p , F o r an a i r i n l we s , m y be ut d e s s e s g ve by

1 2 a 0 0 0 62 ful , squ ws 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 6 I NDEX

PAGE PAGE f o o d o f c apti ves p i ctu r es o f 43 46 62 72 76 78 a an i t o 1 02 , , , , st te l d g ft s o f G o v ar a W i i a f 2 . o 3 guest Cl k H ll , ll m , sketch I n d i a n s w anted as fami ly o f i 23 o i a i no 24 w ves h sp t l ty , ted kept ap ar t i n t r aveli ng 61 sh o t by I ndi ans 3 5 9 1 r r r o o r n . a M s W m a a lette f m Rev . H H ll , . . , m ss p ai nted by 60 c r ed 34 - 3 5 o ar a a i o n f 6 ar n Gen f ﬁ o . U . o p pul ppell t H ey , . , . S p r ayer s o f 39 cer r n t o 92 1 02 m H ar r i o n l esi d ent 9 p ese ts , , s , p r o 9i ar an o n s ar 60 pu se c llected He ts , hum pe s 42 98 n r s n H a au . o o n o n R chel exh sted , He de , . J h i i f r i n 46 W sca f 2 35 r o o . o 3 el g us fe gs , e pe , s l e e p i n g between m em o r i al o r ati o n 1 05 a n r o n o n H squ ws He de s , J h . , set i r r n 42 7 0 7 8 2 t so a i . r 5 e me t vel g , , tle i n o f 39 90 n r o n Gen weep g , He de s , . T . J r i n 7 9 o r a i o n wept p a t g squ aws . t n i n f 99 1 01 H a ar i n i i i a 7 9 H o , o o r , ll , Edw d , m l t me l g g H a i za i H o r i c o n L ake 63 ll , El beth , k lled o r n M r L r an by I ndi an s H , . C . g d f a G r eenb ur a so n o Elder H ll , y , esc pe o r n i i a o f 3 6 H , M ss Sylv E 6 n i f r . n W a e g r a dch ld o Elde a o . H ll , J h , esc p o r n o a so n o f 3 3 6 H , Th m s S o f 5 , E r 1 00 bu r i es m a s s a c r e d lde o r n r W whi tes H , E l d e . S o f 9 9 1 01 meets si ster s 91 sketch , r lw a a 1 00 a r i Sy H . . r ec r ui ts squ ad r o n 48 m es ll 49 50 pi ctu r e o f 1 01 ar f o r i r . se ches s ste s , H o r s o n r o st atement o f se st le f m set t l er s vi si ts si ster s i n No r n a f H o a , Al , p o b r ask a 1 02 w d le esc e 9 a a o n i n i i i a . 7 H ll , Re s , M l t I a a o ne o f t h e O H ll . R chel , “ a i r a of 23 98 H ll g ls ges , Illi no i s r i ver f 98 de ath o In di an t r o ubles 1 3 a 42 98 1 exh usted , b ands att ack settler s 2 a i o f 9 6 98 1 3 f m ly , l and cl ai ms ar ri a o f i t 23 m ge m ar r age cu s o m . 9 pi ctu r e o f 7 scar e 3 1 st ate l and gi ft 1 02 whi pp ed by D avi s o o f 99 3 mb I n i an ! F o a s . 1 t d s xes , S c , etc a i n 42 3 3 w d g att ack D avi s c o tt age . f i 69 i ne o r . H all Sy v a, o a mp t o get l ” the tte t g ls a i r a ar r a a a i r 39 H ll g ls , ges c y w y H ll g ls 1 0 81 23 0 co n i r a s d . o f , sp cy su pecte de ath o f 1 00 p ar ti ng fr o m H al l gi r ls 88 fai nted at si gh t o f refusal t o r ati fy t r eaty 1 6 scalp 43 taken to 84 fami ly o f 1 00 t r i al of f o r mu r de r 1 1 2 m ar ri age o f 1 00 w r ongs o f 1 6

1 1 8 IND EX

S PAGE . d W . o r n an M r s . . S H S acs cl ai m l and r the Elde fo ll o w gi r ls t o P o r t age

f i al . n o ne o M sses H l d anger expected S h ab o na ar P k S auk T r ail r i r n r whe e g ls e te ed al o ani n of Sc p , d uble me g ano c es S a pi ng vi ti n r c l c ms W i li a Mun o , a l m s fte an an i r i n S l , M M a a , mi ddle lif e c ss o nt r i b o r W i o n i n r i v r c ut sc s e n n r S a l a , Mi G r u , o b o f R a and c ss e t de t m s chel n r i 7 n c o t but o r h er husb a d . n f r 9 1 S o , l o H a i P o r a w r e i r c tt u c e ll g ls t ge , he g ls n i S t l t , D av t o o k cano es e t eme s S et t r at a I n n le s t cked by P o tt aw at o mi e I ndi a s . 53 di ans 1 3 , 1 6 , r ush t o Ot tawa P r ai r i e b r eaki ng 2 5 1 etu1 n t o D avi t P r f o r H al l 94 s se tle u se nt Pu r sui t o f I ndi an s 44 ’ Sh ab o na o f 1 06 P a ee Sh ab o na s so n , sketch yp g , , f 1 09 a o a r . n f r buse by squ tte s fr i e d o settle s . ’ at e o ut o f h i s P s Sh ab o na s n che d yp , ephew , l an ds 1 09 r i n o f r . ’ f e d settle s l o n o n i C o . J h s s g f t r i ng t o 1 ! . gr ave o f 40 n 1 1 0 o o az o n r e . ai l entif u h me M c ek ! u ls , p n i i 22 31 o t fies wh tes , R P ar k 7 . P aw P aw Vi ll age of 1 08 a i a n an R bb ts , bu d t pi ctu r e o f 3 0 ’ a o a n 1 R chel s c mb , t ke by r em o val t o ! ans as 08 I n i an d sec o n d no ti ce t o set Ra chel r ans o med t l er s R an s o m fr o m S acs t o mb o f 1 1 0 a i a i o n r a o f a r i a ar r i t o R t fic t , efus l Sh ve , Del , m ed I n i an W i i a n o n J r 98 d s ll m Mu s , . i r war a r eo r ar r i e Red B d Sh ve , G ge , m d Red F l ag Fi deli a Mun s o n 9 7 o n a r r i S o d o r n r r o Reed . J h , m e s c , fi st c p oe n o n' o o na a i n a Ph be Mu s S m uk , p ss g he d F anni ar r i t o at r 40 Reed , e , m ed w e s M r o A r m i 5 7 . Eckles Sp tted , ch ef i i o n I n i an o f r i n 4 6 as o t a 87 Rel g , d f e g h s ge i i o 65 73 S r i n fi el d t at a i al Rel g us p , s e c p t , 4 9 Rewar d o ff e r ed 5 1 sgg 9 9 p ayment i n g o o ds 89 St an ed R o ck St ate P ar k 1 i r o r a i o n 1 0 i an a o r at R ve s , f m t St llm , M j , defe “ ’ ” o a a t o o f S i an R un 20 R d . s fest Blue , t llm s ’ M o u nds Sti llm an s R un r o ut o r i r 9 at 51 R ck ve , r api ds p assed by cap mil i ti a u ndi sci pli ned r i n n t i ves pu su g I ndi a s . i r fl 20 R o m ance and h st o r y . t uce ag abused o a o d o a i i n o f 54 R y lly welc me St ck des , bu ld g INDEX 1 1 9

E PAG V . PAGE o r r ai n St ms , s an Ed a r i n V ce , . , l wye L i r i f r 93 S . o ui s p o . t s , g ls h D ak o t a a o r r i r 1 0 V an D r r ri Sy v G . a c m e e ce , . , m es Syca m o r e at r i si ng o f I r m a Mu ns o n m o o n

i a a o ne o f W . Sylv H ll , the “ ” H a i r l ll g s W a r r i ar 1 1 1 lke , She ff , fe less fi r st' r an o s med W a r a r n B a t o te w y , G ee y P r ai r i e d u 1 3 W a M r i r f 1 03 s o . tts , , p ctu e W aub ansee ri n o f t h e , f e d a o r Gen r o r t o 0 T yl . , ep t W i r i n n r r o h l g Thu de , p m i i ses assi st ance 57 Tecumseh , Ch ef W i t r o r o i C , p T o - ua - ar r f o r h e w m ses q mee , est assi st ance 57 mu r d er ch ar acte r and appea r a i f r 1 1 2 u o r . . cq tted mu de ance a o n s i o n o f lleged c fe s m akes speech t o gi r ls 87 mu r d er speech at M o r r i so n's 57 I ndi an m ar r i age spe aks E ngli sh to cap o r t r e no t o n ca t i ves T u , w me p W i Oak r i n t i ves h te Sp gs , de r i i n f T r adi ti o ns p r o ved sc pt o o W i i i ar n 51 T r eaty o f 1 804 h tes de w th H ey . n s i 50 Ar ti cle s fi d wh te W i nneb ag o I ndi ans 1 6 Tu r y o n p r ai r i “ " ke s es W i nn b a o a o a e g , ste mb t r ni r r o Tu ps , fi st c p f o r St . T r C r -k u tle ee W i sc o nsi n r i ve r scener y 73 Tu r Vi a W o o d r i i o n 26 tle ll ge ds , esc pt