Marcelo Moreira Antunes As Artes Marciais Chinesas

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Marcelo Moreira Antunes As Artes Marciais Chinesas 1 MARCELO MOREIRA ANTUNES AS ARTES MARCIAIS CHINESAS PARA PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA: CONTEXTOS, DILEMAS E POSSIBILIDADES CHINESE MARTIAL ARTS FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: CONTEXTS, DILEMMAS AND POSSIBILITIES Campinas 2013 1 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS FACULDADE DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA MARCELO MOREIRA ANTUNES AS ARTES MARCIAIS CHINESAS PARA PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA: CONTEXTOS, DILEMAS E POSSIBILIDADES Orientador: Professor Doutor José Júlio Gavião de Almeida CHINESE MARTIAL ARTS FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: CONTEXTS, DILEMMAS AND POSSIBILITIES Tese de doutorado apresentada à Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Educação Física da Universidade Estadual de Campinas para obtenção do título de Doutor em educação física, na área de concentração Atividade Física Adaptada. Doctorate thesis presented to the PostGraduation Programme of the School of Physical Education of University of Campinas to obtain the Ph.D grade in Physical Education. Concentration area: Adapted Physical Education Campinas, 2013 2 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA POR DULCE INES LEOCÁDIO DOS SANTOS AUGUSTO – CRB8/4991 BIBLIOTECA “PROF. ASDRUBAL FERREIRA BATISTA” FEF - UNICAMP Antunes, Marcelo Moreira, 1965- An89a As artes marciais chinesas para pessoas com deficiência: contextos, dilemas e possibilidades / Marcelo Antunes. --Campinas, SP: [s.n], 2013. Orientador: José Júlio Gavião de Almeida. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física. 1. Artes marciais. 2. Wushu. 3. Esporte adaptado. 4. Wushu adaptado. I. Almeida, José Júlio Gavião de. II. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física. III. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em inglês: Chinese martial arts for people with disabilities: contexts, dilemmas and possibilities. Palavras-chave em inglês: Martial arts Wushu Sports for disabled Adapted Wushu Área de Concentração: Atividade Física Adaptada Titulação: Doutor em Educação Física Banca Examinadora: José Júlio Gavião de Almeida [Orientador] Edison Duarte Renato Francisco Rodrigues Marques Roberto Rodrigues Paes Samuel Mendonça Variação acadêmica: Marcelo Antunes Data da defesa: 15-01-2013 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Educação Física 3 COMISSÃO EXAMINADORA 5 DEDICATÓRIA Dedico esse trabalho a meus pais, Almerindo Luiz Antunes e Maria da Penha Moreira Antunes. Responsáveis pela minha determinação em estudar, me dizendo sempre que “o conhecimento é um bem que não se perde e nem pode ser roubado, ele dura por toda a vida”. 7 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradecer sempre é uma tarefa difícil. Difícil pelo medo de esquecer. De esquecer aqueles que sempre estiveram ao seu lado, mesmo que sem parecer estar. Esquecer aqueles que mesmo de longe torcem por você. Assim, é difícil agradecer a todos, pois para chegar até aqui o caminho foi longo, e nele, em diferentes momentos, alguém me ajudou. De forma direta ou indireta, não importa. Mas nem sempre a memória é suficiente para lembrar de todos. Por isso é difícil. Então, pedindo desculpas antes das injustiças do meu esquecimento, agradeço a todos que de forma direta ou indireta, de perto ou de longe, física ou mentalmente, me ajudaram a trilhar esse caminho. E a conquistá-lo. Obrigado! 9 ANTUNES, Marcelo Moreira. As artes marciais chinesas para pessoas com deficiência: contextos, dilemas e possibilidades . 2013. 214f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação Física) – Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2013. RESUMO As artes marciais sempre fizeram parte da cultura e da história do homem desde o início do mundo civilizado. Elas evoluíram e se transformaram a partir das necessidades contextuais do homem, entretanto, por muito tempo serviram enfaticamente para fins militares e políticos. Com o desenvolvimento das tecnologias bélicas, em especial no fim do século XVIII e início do século XIX, as artes marciais foram perdendo a sua importância militar, ganhando outros contornos e funcionalidades. Nesse contexto, o wushu destacou-se pelas novas perspectivas de prática voltadas para a saúde, esporte e lazer. É neste cenário de modificação das antigas tradições das artes marciais que o presente estudo estabeleceu como objetivo central a identificação de como as novas funcionalidades dessas tradições possibilitam a sua prática por pessoas com diferentes e peculiares condições e quais são as possíveis modalidades a serem praticadas, vinculadas às diferentes deficiências. Para a realização desse estudo, utilizou-se como técnica a aplicação de dois questionários distintos para mapear no Brasil, o número de praticantes e a prática do wushu por pessoas com deficiência, além da realização de entrevistas com professores da modalidade, vinculados direta ou indiretamente à Confederação Brasileira de Kungfu Wushu (CBKW), indicados por esse órgão, que possuem mais de 20 anos de prática. Também foram entrevistados alguns praticantes de wushu que possuem deficiência. A partir desses dados, são apresentadas modalidades do esporte vinculadas às diferentes deficiências, no sentido de sugerir possibilidades de prática. No Brasil, foi identificada a prática de wushu por pessoas com diferentes limitações, sendo que os mais recorrentes são os que apresentam deficiência física, seguidos pelos com problemas auditivos, intelectuais e visuais. Essa prática é realizada de modo não sistemático e sem um planejamento prévio, ocorrendo a partir da procura desse público pela modalidade. A atividade física e o esporte são entendidos como foco principal da prática, entretanto, os informantes consideram que a defesa pessoal seja também uma possibilidade. Foram identificados professores de wushu com deficiência atuando no ensino dessa modalidade, lecionando para alunos com e sem deficiência. As sugestões para a prática do wushu para esse público não contemplam todas as modalidades para qualquer deficiência. Algumas são indicadas, outras sugerem restrições e necessitam de adaptações, e outras, ainda, não são indicadas. Essas sugestões estão vinculadas às diferentes e peculiares condições apresentadas pela pessoa que pretende praticar o wushu . A partir da percepção dos informantes do estudo, todas as pessoas com diferentes tipos de impedimentos podem praticar o wushu , sempre dependendo do grau da deficiência, da adaptação dos conteúdos, dos métodos de ensino, e por último, da competência do professor envolvido. Palavras-chave : Artes marciais. Wushu . Esporte adaptado. Wushu adaptado. 11 ANTUNES, Marcelo Moreira. Chinese martial arts for people with disabilities : contexts, dilemmas and possibilities. 2013. 214p. Thesis (Doctorate in Physical Education) - Faculty of Physical Education, State University of Campinas, Campinas, 2013. ABSTRACT Martial arts have been part of the culture and history of humankind since the begging of the civilized world. They do not only evolved, but also adapted themselves for human necessitate. However, martial arts were used for militaries and political purposes for a long time. With the development of weapons technologies, especially in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the martial arts were losing their military importance, gaining contours and other features. In this context, wushu is highlighted by new perspectives of practice focused on health, sport and leisure. This study established as its objectives, under a changing scenario in ancient martial arts traditions, to identify how new features of these traditions allow its practice by people with different and peculiar conditions and what are the possible ways to be practiced, linked to various disabilities. In order to conduct this study, it was used as the technique to map in Brazil the number of practitioners and their practice wushu by people with disabilities, two separate questionnaires, including also interviews with people who teaches wushu, linked directly or indirectly to Brazilian Confederation of Kungfu Wushu (CBKW), given by that body, who possess over 20 years of practice. Wushu practitioners who have disabilities were also interviewed. From these data, it was presented the sport modalities linked to different disabilities, to suggest possibilities for practice. In Brazil, it was identified wushu practice by people with different limitations, and the most common were physically disabled people, followed by those with hearing, visual and mentally disabilities. This practice is carried out in a non-systematic and without prior planning, occurring due to the motivation of this public. Physical activity and sport are seen as the main focus of practice, however, the participants considered that self-defense is also a possibility. It was identified wushu teachers with disabilities working in teaching this modality for students with and without disabilities. The suggestions for practicing Wushu from this audience do not include all the arrangements for any deficiency. Some are indicated, others suggest some restrictions and require adjustments, and still others are not listed. These suggestions are linked to different and unique conditions presented by the person who intends to practice wushu. From informants' perspective of this study, everyone with different types of disabilities can practice wushu, always depending on the degree of disability, repurposing content, teaching methods, and at last, the competence of the teacher involved. Keywords : Martial Arts. Wushu . adapted sports. adapted Wushu . 13 LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1 - Ocorrência dos quatro tipos de deficiência no Brasil ................................. 67 Tabela 2 - Ocorrência das quatro deficiências por região
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