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Exogenous Enzymes in Animal Nutrition – Benefits and Limitations Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology Volume 13 Number 3 September 2013 Special Issue EXOGENOUS ENZYMES IN ANIMAL NUTRITION – BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS Guest Editor A.Z.M. Salem Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México and N. Odongo Animal Production and Health Section International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria Animal Nutrition Association Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar‐243 122, India www.anft.org Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology Volume 13 Number 3 September 2013 CONTENTS Special Issue: Exogenous Enzymes In Animal Nutrition - Benefits And Limitations Preface 34. A.Z.M. SALEM, N. ODONGO AND A.K. PATTANAIK Exogenous Enzymes in Animal Nutrition- Benefits and Limitations 335 In vivo Studies 35. D.B. DEAN, C.R. STAPLES, R.C. LITTELL, S. KIM AND A.T. ADESOGAN Effect of Method of Adding a Fibrolytic Enzyme to Dairy Cow Diets on Feed Intake Digestibility, Milk Production, Ruminal Fermentation, and Blood Metabolites 337 36. A. LARA BUENO, G.D. MENDOZA MARTÍNEZ, P.A. HERNÁNDEZ GARCÍA, J.A. MARTÍNEZ GARCÍA AND F.X. PLATA PÉREZ Evaluation of High Doses of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes in Lambs Fed an Oat Straw Based Ration 355 37. O. ARCE-CERVANTES, G.D. MENDOZA, P.A. HERNÁNDEZ, M. MENESES, N. TORRES-SALADO AND O. LOERA The Effects of a Lignocellulolytic Extract of Fomes sp. EUM1 on the Intake, Digestibility, Feed Efficiency and Growth of Lambs 369 38. J.A. CAYETANO, A.Z.M. SALEM, B.M.A. MARIEZCURRENA, R. ROJO, M.A. CERRILLO-SOTO, H. GADO AND L.M. CAMACHO Effect of adding Salix babylonica Extracts and Exogenous Enzymes to Basal Diets on the Meat Quality of Growing Suffolk Lambs 373 39. N. TORRES, G.D. MENDOZA, R. BÁRCENA, O. LOERA, S. GONZÁLEZ, E. ARANDA, P.A. HERNÁNDEZ AND M. CROSBY Effects of Various Fibrolytic Enzyme Extracts on Digestibility and Productive Performance of Lambs Fed a Forage-Based Diet 381 40. G.D. MENDOZA, N. MOTA, F.X. PLATA, J.A. MARTINEZ AND P.A. HERNÁNDEZ Effects of Exogenous Glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger and Grain Level on Performance of Lambs 391 41. A. ORTIZ-RODEA, A. NORIEGA-CARRILLO, A.Z.M. SALEM, O. CASTELAN ORTEGA AND M. GONZÁLEZ-RONQUILLO The Use of Exogenous Enzymes in Dairy Cattle on Milk Production and their Chemical Composition: a Meta-Analysis 399 42. N. RIVERO, A.Z.M. SALEM, M.G. RONQUILLO, M.A. CERRILLO- SOTO, L.M. CAMACHO, H. GADO AND C.G. PEÑUELAS Effects of Exogenous Enzymes and Salix babylonica L. Extract on Cellular Immune Response and its Correlation with Average Daily Weight Gain in Growing Lambs 411 43. M.M. EL-ADAWY, A.E. ABOU-ZEID, L.M. CAMACHO, A.Z.M. SALEM, M.A. CERRILLO-SOTO AND T. EL-RAYES Influence of Jojoba Meal Treated with L. acidophilus on Digestibility, Carcass Traits and Blood Metabolites in Growing Rabbits 423 44. J.M. VARGAS, G.D. MENDOZA, M. DE LA SALUD RUBIO-LOZANO AND F.A. CASTREJÓN Effect of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes on the Carcass Characteristics and Performance of Grain-Finished Steers 435 45. M.L. STRUBE, A.S. MEYER AND M. BOYE Mini Review: Basic Physiology and Factors Influencing Exogenous Enzymes Activity in the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract 441 In vitro Studies 46. A. DÍAZ, M.D. CARRO, C. SARO, I. MATEOS, E. ODONGO AND M.J. RANILLA In Vitro Evaluation of Commercial Fibrolytic Enzymes for Improving the Nutritive Value of Low-Quality Forages 461 47. H.L. MAO, C.H. WU, J.K. WANG AND J.X. LIU Synergistic Effect of Cellulase and Xylanase on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Population with Rice Straw as Substrate 477 48. S.X. TANG, Y. ZOU, M. WANG, A.Z.M. SALEM, N.E. ODONGO, C.S. ZHOU, X.F. HAN, Z.L. TAN, M. ZHANG, Y.F. FU, S.Q. HUANG, Z.X. HE AND J.H. KANG Effects of Exogenous Cellulase Source on In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Production of Crop Straws and Grasses 489 49. H.M. KHATTAB, H.M. GADO, A.Z.M. SALEM, L.M. CAMACHO, M.M. EL-SAYED, A.M. KHOLIF, A.A. EL-SHEWY AND A.E. KHOLIF Chemical Composition and In Vitro Digestibility of Pleurotus ostreatus Spent Rice Straw 507 50. D.B. DEAN, E. VALENCIA, N.A. KRUEGER AND A.T. ADESOGAN Effect of Treatment with Fibrolytic Enzymes or Ammonia on the Nutritive Value of Guineagrass (Panicun maximum) Hay 517 51. D. LÓPEZ, M.M.Y. ELGHANDOUR, A.Z.M. SALEM, J.F. VÁZQUEZ-ARMIJO, M.C. SALAZAR AND H.M. GADO Influence of Exogenous Enzymes on In Vitro Gas Production Kinetics and Dry Matter Degradability of a High Concentrate Diet 527 52. K.G. ARRIOLA AND A.T. ADESOGAN Effect of Fibrolytic Enzyme Application on the Digestibility of Corn Silage, Alfalfa Hay, Concentrates, and Complete Diets under Simulated Ruminal and Preruminal Conditions 537 53. Y.A. SOLTAN, A.L. ABDALLA, L.R.F. SILVA, A.S. NATEL, A.S. MORSY AND H. LOUVANDINI Response of Different Tropical Pasture Grass Species to Treatments with Fibrolytic Enzymes in Terms of In Vitro Ruminal Nutrient Degradation and Methanogenesis 551 54. H.M. GADO, A.Z.M. SALEM, L.M. CAMACHO, M.M.Y. ELGHANDOUR AND M.C. SALAZAR Influence of Exogenous Enzymes of ZAD on In Vitro Ruminal Degradation of Ensiled Rice Straw with DDGS 565 55. P.J.A. RUIZ, R.A. ORTIZ, G. PEÑUELAS-RIVAS, O.A. MORALES, M.G. GUTIERREZ, P.N. PESCADOR AND M. GONZÁLEZ-RONQUILLO Effect of the Addition of Enzymes on Chemical Composition and In Vitro Gas Production of Hybrid Maize Varieties Preserved by Silage in the Highlands 575 56. N. TORRES, G.D. MENDOZA, J.R. BÁRCENA, S.S. GONZÁLEZ, O. LOERA, A.Z.M. SALEM AND A. LARA Effect of a Fibrolytic Enzymatic Extract from Cellulomonas flavigena on In Vitro Degradation and In Vivo Digestibility and Productive Performance of Lambs 583 57. P.J.A. RUIZ, A.J. MORENO, A.Z.M. SALEM, O. CASTELAN ORTEGA AND M. GONZALEZ-RONQUILLO Chemical Composition and In Vitro Gas Production from Different Varieties of Native and Hybrid Maize Silage with the Addition of Acetic Acid or Enzymes 593 Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology (2013) 13: 335-336 PREFACE Exogenous Enzymes in Animal Nutrition - Benefits and Limitations A.Z.M. Salem1,*, N. Odongo2 and A.K. Pattanaik3 1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, México 2Animal Production and Health Section International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria 3Centre of Advanced Studies in Animal Nutrition Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, India The use of exogenous enzymes in animal nutrition dates back to the mid-1920s, however, nowadays the development of interdisciplinary sciences exploiting molecular methods create new opportunities and deliver new tools to assess effectiveness of their utilization. The proper use of enzymes in animal nutrition allows to obtain maximum benefit from their action not only for the animals, but also for the environment. The strategies of exogenous enzymes utilization in nutrition of high yielding non- ruminant and ruminant animals are intended to be published in this special issue. Effectiveness of enzymes in animal nutrition depends on (i) type, (ii) source, (iii) level of supplemented enzymes, as well as (iv) the type of diet fed, (v) animal health and (vi) animal productivity. Hence, research focused on the effect of phytase and non-phytase enzyme segments, enzymes combinations, including enzymes produced by genetically modified bacteria, protozoa and fungi, on enteric fermentation, animal health and productivity are desirable. The current special issue covered the highlighted topics: mode of action of particular enzymes and their combinations, occurrences of synergism and antagonism reactions in relation to enzymes themselves and to dietary ingredients; the impact of enzymes on nutrient utilization including basic nutrients components, antinutritional factors, minerals and, consequently, enteric microbial populations, nutrients digestibility, growth performance; the optimum enzymes dosages as dietary supplements; optimalization of enzyme activity to make enzymes activity more effective from economic and ecological points of view; alternative use of enzymes in mixtures of other feed additives e.g. organic acids; methods of enzymes application. *Corresponding author: [email protected] 335 Salem et al. The review process for this issue tended to focus on one of the topics mentioned in the objectives above, but all have in common the use of exogenous enzymes and their impacts on rumen fermentation and/or animal welfare and/or animal performance and health as well as performance of non ruminant animals. Guest Editors of the special issue (i.e., Dr.’s A.Z.M. Salem, and Nicholas Odongo) were contacted and invited many potential authors directly. All abstracts received (46 abstracts) were assessed and were invited to submit full papers, while 24 full papers were only accepted after deep revision by two or more experts. All papers were reviewed by at least two primary reviewers chosen for their expertise in animal nutrition, especially in use of exogenous enzymes and probiotics in ruminants and non ruminant animals. Each one of the Guest Editors has handled some manuscripts and given the final decision with help from the reviewer’s comments and evaluations. All papers were improved as a result of the reviewers’ comments, indeed some were very extensively revised, and some were rejected. Finally, the editors are very grateful for the time and commitment given by all the reviewers involved in the evaluation of the manuscripts submitted, and would like to acknowledge the excellent review efforts of: M.A. Cerrillo-Soto, Adibe L. Abdalla, Z.L. Tan, P. Micek, A. Cieslak, T. Szwaczkowski, J. Dach, S. Świątkiewicz, D. Józefiak, J. Skomiał, J. Mazurkiewicz, G. Paci, P. Huhtanen, D.F.
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