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The Greatest Mirror: Heavenly Counterparts in the Jewish Pseudepigrapha
The Greatest Mirror Heavenly Counterparts in the Jewish Pseudepigrapha Andrei A. Orlov On the cover: The Baleful Head, by Edward Burne-Jones. Oil on canvas, dated 1886– 1887. Courtesy of Art Resource. Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 2017 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher. For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY www.sunypress.edu Production, Dana Foote Marketing, Fran Keneston Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Orlov, Andrei A., 1960– author. Title: The greatest mirror : heavenly counterparts in the Jewish Pseudepigrapha / Andrei A. Orlov. Description: Albany, New York : State University of New York Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016052228 (print) | LCCN 2016053193 (ebook) | ISBN 9781438466910 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781438466927 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Apocryphal books (Old Testament)—Criticism, interpretation, etc. Classification: LCC BS1700 .O775 2017 (print) | LCC BS1700 (ebook) | DDC 229/.9106—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016052228 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For April DeConick . in the season when my body was completed in its maturity, there imme- diately flew down and appeared before me that most beautiful and greatest mirror-image of myself. -
The Name of God the Golem Legend and the Demiurgic Role of the Alphabet 243
CHAPTER FIVE The Name of God The Golem Legend and the Demiurgic Role of the Alphabet Since Samaritanism must be viewed within the wider phenomenon of the Jewish religion, it will be pertinent to present material from Judaism proper which is corroborative to the thesis of the present work. In this Chapter, the idea about the agency of the Name of God in the creation process will be expounded; then, in the next Chapter, the various traditions about the Angel of the Lord which are relevant to this topic will be set forth. An apt introduction to the Jewish teaching about the Divine Name as the instrument of the creation is the so-called golem legend. It is not too well known that the greatest feat to which the Jewish magician aspired actually was that of duplicating God's making of man, the crown of the creation. In the Middle Ages, Jewish esotericism developed a great cycle of golem legends, according to which the able magician was believed to be successful in creating a o ?� (o?u)1. But the word as well as the concept is far older. Rabbinic sources call Adam agolem before he is given the soul: In the first hour [of the sixth day], his dust was gathered; in the second, it was kneaded into a golem; in the third, his limbs were shaped; in the fourth, a soul was irifused into him; in the fifth, he arose and stood on his feet[ ...]. (Sanh. 38b) In 1615, Zalman �evi of Aufenhausen published his reply (Jii.discher Theriak) to the animadversions of the apostate Samuel Friedrich Brenz (in his book Schlangenbalg) against the Jews. -
A Tree in the Garden
MAIER BECKER A Tree in the Garden The Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge are one and the same tree. When the verse states ‘God caused to sprout the Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge’ (Gen. 2:9) it should be understood to mean, God caused to 1 sprout the Tree of Life which is also the Tree of Knowledge . R. J OSEPH KIMHI THIS COMMENT SEEMS to fly in the face of the basic details of the creation story in the Bible. In fact, it appears to contradict outright an explicit Biblical verse where God says “now (that man has eaten from the Tree of Knowledge), lest he partake from the Tree of Life as well” (3:22). 2 If the trees are one and the same, then by eating from the Tree of Knowledge man had already partaken of the Tree of Life! This essay proposes a reading of the Genesis story which provides a textual and conceptual basis for R. Kimhi’s explication, based on midrashic sources. I will suggest that R. Kimhi’s com - mentary sheds light on fundamental issues relating to man’s mortality and his relationship with God. 3 The Textual Starting Point The Bible introduces the Tree of Life stating; “God caused to sprout from the ground every tree that was pleasing to the sight and the Tree of Life betokh— within, the garden” (2:9). The text could have simply stated “the Tree of Life bagan —in the garden.” What does the word betokh , come to add? Onkelos translates the word betokh in this verse to mean bemitsiut— in the middle of the garden. -
The Book of Jubilees and the Midrash on the Early Chapters of Genesis
Vol. 41:3 (163) July – September 2013 THE BOOK OF JUBILEES AND THE MIDRASH ON THE EARLY CHAPTERS OF GENESIS THE PROPHET MICAIAH IN KINGS AND CHRONICLES ECCLESIASTES: PART II: THEMES SUBTLETIES IN THE STORY OF JOSEPH AND POTIPHAR’S WIFE ISAIAH 7:14B IN NEW MAJOR CHRISTIAN BIBLE TRANSLATIONS WAS EZRA A HIGH PRIEST? BE-DOROTAV: NOAH’S “GENERATIONS” IN LIGHT OF ANTEDILUVIAN LONGEVITY REFLECTIONS OF READERS: NOTE ON A LATIN TERM IN TARGUM PSEUDO-JONATHAN “MOSES WROTE HIS BOOK AND THE PORTION OF BALAAM” (TB BAVA BATRA 14B) OUTSMARTING GOD: EGYPTIAN SLAVERY AND THE TOWER OF BABEL www.jewishbible.org THE JEWISH BIBLE QUARTERLY In cooperation with THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, THE JEWISH AGENCY AIMS AND SCOPE The Jewish Bible Quarterly provides timely, authoritative studies on biblical themes. As the only Jewish-sponsored English-language journal devoted exclusively to the Bible, it is an essential source of information for anyone working in Bible studies. The Journal pub- lishes original articles, book reviews, a triennial calendar of Bible reading and correspond- ence. Publishers and authors: if you would like to propose a book for review, please send two review copies to BOOK REVIEW EDITOR, POB 29002, Jerusalem, Israel. Books will be reviewed at the discretion of the editorial staff. Review copies will not be returned. The Jewish Bible Quarterly (ISSN 0792-3910) is published in January, April, July and October by the Jewish Bible Association , POB 29002, Jerusalem, Israel, a registered Israe- li nonprofit association (#58-019-398-5). All subscriptions prepaid for complete volume year only. The subscription price for 2013 (volume 41) is $24. -
Piyyuṭ and Midrash
Tzvi Novick: Piyyut and Midrash Tzvi Novick: Piyyut and Midrash ˙ ˙ © 2019, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783525570807 — ISBN E-Book: 9783647570808 Tzvi Novick: Piyyut and Midrash Tzvi Novick: Piyyut and Midrash ˙ ˙ Journal of Ancient Judaism Supplements Edited by Armin Lange, Bernard M. Levinson and Vered Noam Advisory Board Katell Berthelot (University of Aix-Marseille), George Brooke (University of Manchester), Jonathan Ben Dov (University of Haifa), Beate Ego (University of Osnabruck), Ester Eshel (Bar-Ilan University), Heinz-Josef Fabry (University of Bonn), Steven Fraade (Yale University), Maxine L. Grossman (University of Maryland), Christine Hayes (Yale University), Catherine Hezser (University of London), Alex Jassen (University of Minnesota), James L. Kugel (Bar-Ilan University), Jodi Magness (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Carol Meyers, (Duke University), Eric Meyers (Duke University), Hillel Newman (University of Haifa), Christophe Nihan (University of Lausanne), Lawrence H. Schiffman (New York University), Konrad Schmid (University of Zurich), Adiel Schremer (Bar-Ilan University), Michael Segal (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Aharon Shemesh (Bar-Ilan University), Gunter Stemberger (University of Vienna), Kristin De Troyer (University of St. Andrews), Azzan Yadin (Rutgers University) Volume 30 © 2019, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen © 2019, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ISBN Print: 9783525570807 — ISBN E-Book: 9783647570808 ISBN Print: 9783525570807 -
The Book of Jubilees and the Midrash on the Early Chapters of Genesis
THE BOOK OF JUBILEES AND THE MIDRASH ON THE EARLY CHAPTERS OF GENESIS ZVI RON The Book of Jubilees is a retelling of Genesis and the beginning of Exodus in the form of an angel speaking to Moses. It was written by a Jew in Hebrew some time around the early second century BCE, perhaps even earlier. The original Hebrew is lost to us today; our translations are based primarily on Ethiopic texts. The main focus of the work is to demonstrate that the narra- tives in the early part of the Bible contain legal instruction, although the legal elements are hidden in the biblical narrative.1 Jubilees often supplements the biblical narratives with additional information, in much the same way as the Midrash; at other times Jubilees provides a resolution to a difficulty in the biblical text, another concern of the Midrash. As such, the Book of Jubilees may be categorized as an early form of midrashic literature.2 Some of the interpretations in Jubilees are, in fact, preserved in later midrashic literature. The title "Book of Jubilees" reflects the author's particular way of viewing the chronology of the world as a series of forty-nine year cycles, but it was also sometimes referred to as "The Little Genesis" (Bereshit Zuta in Arama- ic),3 since it is an abbreviated retelling of Genesis.4 Jubilees was not incorpo- rated into rabbinic literature, as it differs in some very fundamental legal points, most famously its insistence on a purely solar calendar, as opposed to the rabbinic lunar/solar model,5 and stringencies regarding Shabbat ob- servance.6 In this article we will show how Jubilees dealt with various diffi- culties in the text of Genesis in ways sometimes similar to and sometimes very different from the later rabbinic midrashic literature. -
Vested with Adam's Glory
A. Orlov VESTED WITH ADAMS GLORY: MOSES AS THE LUMINOUS COUNTERPART OF ADAM IN THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS AND IN THE MACARIAN HOMILIES Two Luminaries In the group of the Dead Sea Scrolls fragments known under the title the Words of the Luminaries (4Q504),1 the following passage about the glory of Adam in the Garden of Eden can be found: ... [ ... Adam,] our [fat]her, you fashioned in the image of [your] glory ([äë] ãåáë úåîãá äúøöé) [...] [... the breath of life] you [b]lew into his nostril, and intelligence and knowledge [...] [... in the gard]en of Eden, which you had planted. You made [him] govern [...] [...] and so that he would walk in a glorious land... [...] [...] he kept. And you im- posed on him not to tu[rn away...] [...] he is flesh, and to dust [...] ...2 Later in 4Q504, this tradition about Adams former glory follows with a reference to the luminosity bestowed on another human body the glorious face of Moses at his encounter with the Lord at Sinai: 1 On the Words of Luminaries, see: M. BAILLET, Un receuil liturgique de Qumrân, grotte 4; «Les Paroles des Luminaries» // RB 67 (1961) 195–250; IDEM, Remarques sur l’édition des Paroles des Luminaires // RevQ 5 (1964) 23–42; IDEM, Qumran Grotte 4 III (4Q482–520) (DJD, 7; Oxford, 1982); E. GLICKLER CHAZON, «Words of the Lu- minaries» (4QDibHam): A Liturgical Document from Qumran and Its Implications (Ph.D. dissertation, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 1991); IDEM, 4QDibHam: Liturgy or Literature? // RevQ 15 (1991—1992) 447–455; IDEM, «Dibre Hammêorot»; Prayer for the Sixth Day (4Q504 1–2 v–vi) // Prayer from Alexander to Constantine: A Critical Anthology / Eds. -
The Cosmological Temple in the Apocalypse of Abraham
The Cosmological Temple in the Apocalypse of Abraham A monster below, on the left side, swims in all those rivers. He comes with his mighty scales, each one as strong as iron, and he arrives there in order to draw water and defile the place. All the lights are darkened before him; his mouth and his tongue flame with fire; his tongue is as sharp as a mighty sword until he gets as far as entering the sanctuary within the sea, and then he defiles the sanctuary, and the lights are darkened, and the supernal lights disappear from the sea. —Zohar I.52a For, as the nut has a shell surrounding and protecting the kernel inside, so it is with everything sacred: the sacred principle occu- pies the interior, whilst the Other Side encircles it on the exterior. —Zohar II.233b Introduction In chapter 18 of the Apocalypse of Abraham, Abraham, having entered into the celestial throne room, receives a vision of all creation and the entire human history from the beginning to the end. This dis- closure accounts for much of the apocalypse, stretching from chapter 19 to chapter 31. Although the main portion of the vision is devoted to describing the history of humankind, from the fall of Adam and Eve until the appearance of its eschatological messianic figures, the beginning of this vision is concerned with cosmological matters. In the cosmological revelations situated in chapters 19 and 21, the seer 37 38 ■ Divine Scapegoats contemplates the complex architecture of the heavenly realm and learns about the structure and features of the lower realms, which include earth and the underworld. -
Halakha and Netiquette Dr. David Levy
Halakha and Netiquette Dr. David Levy Description: What does the Jewish tradition have to share with regards to questions concerning netiquette and online ethics? What is the relationship between the internet and civility? Has incivility in America increased due to social media and what are its effects on democratic public discourse? How can we measure the effects of online incivility by objective scientific criteria? Does online anonymity encourage harassment of women or does online anonymity protect marginalized groups? Why is cyberbullying a serious problem from the standpoint of Jewish ethics? How do we attempt to curb the epidemic of cyberbulling amongst students? How can schools and teachers take action to combat cyberbullying? What are the etiquette and ethics of social media? Does Facebook immorally lead to exploiting its users? What does Jewish law have to say about (1) responsible use of the internet? (2) causing harm psychologically of persons by "meanspeak", (3) embarassing person in public via the internet, (4) causing harm to individuals whereby a loshon ha-rah on the internet can kill a reputation or career opportunity or shidduch as per the criteria specified by the Chofetz Chaim's laws of considering one's words that can be used as a sword to harm or used to promote life, happiness, health, and constructive good? David B. Levy received a BA from Haverford College, an MA in Jewish Studies, an MLS from the UMCP, and a PhD from the BHU. David currently serves as a librarian at the Ruth Anne Hasten Library of Lander College for Women where David has prepared Judaica library guides on behalf of TC (found at http://libguides.tourolib.org/profile.php?uid=87838). -
The Background and Nature of Temple Mythology in Rabbinic Literature
Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) 1976 The Background and Nature of Temple Mythology in Rabbinic Literature V. George Shillington Wilfrid Laurier University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd Part of the Jewish Studies Commons Recommended Citation Shillington, V. George, "The Background and Nature of Temple Mythology in Rabbinic Literature" (1976). Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). 1448. https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/1448 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE BACKGROUND AND NATURE OF TEMPLE MYTHOLOGY IN RABBINIC LITERATURE V. George Shillingtcn Thesis presented to the Department of Religion and Culture in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo 1976 L J 0o tf I) UMI Number: EC56376 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent on the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. JJML Dissertation Pubiishing UMI EC56376 Copyright 2012 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This edition of the work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. *** ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer wishes to acknowledge the invaluable expertise of his advisor. -
Wiki Article on the Talmud
Talmud 1 Talmud Rabbinic Literature Talmudic literature Mishnah • Tosefta Jerusalem Talmud • Babylonian Talmud Minor tractates Halakhic Midrash Mekhilta de-Rabbi Yishmael (Exodus) Mekhilta de-Rabbi Shimon (Exodus) Sifra (Leviticus) Sifre (Numbers & Deuteronomy) Sifre Zutta (Numbers) Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim (Deuteronomy) Baraita of Rabbi Ishmael Aggadic Midrash Talmud 2 —— Tannaitic —— Seder Olam Rabbah Alphabet of Akiba ben Joseph Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules Baraita on the Thirty-two Rules Baraita on Tabernacle Construction —— 400–600 —— Genesis Rabbah • Eichah Rabbah Pesikta de-Rav Kahana Esther Rabbah • Midrash Iyyov Leviticus Rabbah • Seder Olam Zutta Midrash Tanhuma • Megillat Antiochus —— 650–900 —— Avot of Rabbi Natan Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer Tanna Devei Eliyahu Alphabet of Ben-Sira Kohelet Rabbah • Canticles Rabbah Devarim Rabbah • Devarim Zutta Pesikta Rabbati • Midrash Shmuel Midrash Proverbs • Ruth Rabbah Baraita of Samuel • Targum sheni —— 900–1000 —— Ruth Zuta • Eichah Zuta Midrash Tehillim • Midrash Hashkem Exodus Rabbah • Canticles Zutta —— 1000–1200 —— Midrash Tadshe • Sefer ha-Yashar —— Later —— Yalkut Shimoni • Yalkut Makiri Midrash Jonah • Ein Yaakov Midrash ha-Gadol • Numbers Rabbah Smaller midrashim Rabbinic Targum —— Torah —— Targum Onkelos Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Fragment Targum • Targum Neofiti —— Nevi'im —— Targum Jonathan —— Ketuvim —— Targum Tehillim • Targum Mishlei Targum Iyyov Targum to the Five Megillot Targum Sheni to Esther Targum to Chronicles talmūd "instruction, learning", from a root lmd "teach, study") is a central text of דּומְלַּת :The Talmud (Hebrew mainstream Judaism, in the form of a record of rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, philosophy, customs and history. The Talmud has two components: the Mishnah (c. 200 CE), the first written compendium of Judaism's Oral Law; and the Gemara (c. -
Torah from JTS Israel: Memory and Dreams (Part 1) Yom Ha’Atzma’Ut, State of Israel Independence Day, Is Observed on Tuesday, April 16
Exploring Prayer :(עבודת הלב) Service of the Heart This week’s column was written by Rabbi Samuel Barth, Senior Lecturer in Liturgy and Worship, JTS Torah from JTS Israel: Memory and Dreams (Part 1) Yom Ha’atzma’ut, State of Israel Independence Day, is observed on Tuesday, April 16. It is not only a political and national celebration for the citizens of Israel and Parashat Tazri·a-Metzora their supporters around the world, it is also a festival of the Jewish calendar. The Psalms of Hallel are recited, there is a special Torah reading, and there is an additional paragraph in the ‘Amidah of the Conservative Movement, in a style similar to Hanukkah and Purim (see the Rabbinical Assembly’s Siddur Sim Shalom for Weekdays, 42, 50, 343). So this day is not simply the Israeli equivalent of July 4—it is rooted, as is the State of Israel, in the ancient Jewish dream for the perfection of the world. The haftarah proclaims the towering vision of Isaiah (chapters 10–12) with images of peace and the renewal of our People in Zion: “the Parashah Commentary wolf shall lie down with the lamb . they shall not hurt or destroy in all My holy This week’s commentary was written by Dr. Alan Cooper, Elaine Ravich mountain” (Isa. 11:6, 9); “let them draw water in joy from the wellsprings of Professor of Jewish Studies and Provost, JTS. salvation!” (Isa. 12:3). The Torah's Prescription for Healing Within Israel, the celebrations with prayers, parades, and dancing in the streets— WebMD, a commonly consulted Internet source of medical information, devotes three along with serious reflection—give depth and power to the day.