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Universal Screening • Fall • Passage 2 Path Driver for Reading™ Grade 9 Oral Reading Test ▼ She was born in 1934, in London, England, but Jane Goodall found her life’s purpose in the steamy, sub-Saharan African jungles of Tanzania. “I have been interested in animals since before I can remember,” she once said. When she was a toddler, her father gave her a chimpanzee toy, which she has kept her whole life. At the age of 23, Goodall made her first trip to Africa. She met groundbreaking paleontologist and anthropologist Dr. Louis Leakey, who became her mentor. Leakey recognized that her patience, determination, and lack of formal training would be an advantage as she made her observations. She was hired as his assistant and invited on a fossil-hunting expedition. Digging up fossils helped Goodall realize that her true calling was to “find a way to watch free, wild animals living their own, undisturbed lives ... to learn things that no one else knew.” In 1960, Goodall arrived at Gombe National Park, Tanzania to study wild chimpanzees. Through quiet observation, Goodall learned more about how chimpanzees hunt, socialize, and communicate than anyone before her. Her studies gave us new insights into their world. The studies forced scientists to accept that chimpanzees and humans were more alike than previously believed. That research continues to this day. It is one of the longest ongoing studies of animals in their natural surroundings. In 1977, Goodall founded the Jane Goodall Institute for Wildlife Research, Education and Conservation. The institute is committed to protecting chimpanzees and their habitats and promoting research. She also advocates for chimpanzees in captivity, for example, in zoos and rescue sanctuaries. Among her many honors, Goodall was named a United Nations Messenger of Peace in 2002. In 2003, she was made a Dame Commander of the British Empire. These days, Goodall spends most of her time traveling, giving speeches, and raising awareness to help others, the chimpanzees, and the environment. © SSI • May Be Copied ®.

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Homo Habilis
COMMENT SUSTAINABILITY Citizens and POLICY End the bureaucracy THEATRE Shakespeare’s ENVIRONMENT James Lovelock businesses must track that is holding back science world was steeped in on surprisingly optimistic governments’ progress p.33 in India p.36 practical discovery p.39 form p.41 The foot of the apeman that palaeo ‘handy man’, anthropologists had been Homo habilis. recovering in southern Africa since the 1920s. This, the thinking went, was replaced by the taller, larger-brained Homo erectus from Asia, which spread to Europe and evolved into Nean derthals, which evolved into Homo sapiens. But what lay between the australopiths and H. erectus, the first known human? BETTING ON AFRICA Until the 1960s, H. erectus had been found only in Asia. But when primitive stone-chop LIBRARY PICTURE EVANS MUSEUM/MARY HISTORY NATURAL ping tools were uncovered at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, Leakey became convinced that this is where he would find the earliest stone- tool makers, who he assumed would belong to our genus. Maybe, like the australopiths, our human ancestors also originated in Africa. In 1931, Leakey began intensive prospect ing and excavation at Olduvai Gorge, 33 years before he announced the new human species. Now tourists travel to Olduvai on paved roads in air-conditioned buses; in the 1930s in the rainy season, the journey from Nairobi could take weeks. The ravines at Olduvai offered unparalleled access to ancient strata, but field work was no picnic in the park. Water was often scarce. Leakey and his team had to learn to share Olduvai with all of the wild animals that lived there, lions included.
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