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Home , Black Devon, Clackmannan, Fishcross, Kincardine Bridge, Robert the Bruce, Tay Bridge disaster

Timeline

Clackmannan Date World

Last glacial period covering 11,000– No traces of human parts of Scotland (Loch 9,640BC activity have been found Lomond Stadial) in Scotland during this period.

High tides cover the top of 8,000 BC Forth estuary flooded as New Stone Age, stone axes, Lookaboutye Brae far inland as far as standing stones Aberfoyle

Sea level receding slowly 4,000 BC Evidence of hunter gatherer communtities across Scotland

Fishermen pay homage to 2,000 BC Sea levels receding Iron Age Stone of Mannon on bank of , now at foot of Lookabootye Brae.

Water wells dug at top of Tower Hill and Kennet Hill.

Iron Age village east of 1000 BC Bronze Age people arrive Kennet from Central Europe 1st to 4th Centuries AD 84 AD Romans overcome Roman invasion of stockade on Tower Hill Scotland. Camelon is a sea port. 125 AD Hadrian’s Wall 135 Antonine wall is built on the south side of the Forth 209 AD Romans build a pontoon crossing at 410 Alaric, of the Visigoths, sacks

6th C 529 Benedict founds monastery at Monte Cassino

563 St Columba founds Angles invade mission on Northumberland

7th C 609 Grand Canal in China is completed

674-678 First Arab siege of Constantinople 700 Anglo Saxons defeat 8th C the Miathi (local tribe) as they land west of . Finguine, son of Delroith is buried at the foot of an existing druid marker stone, the site of burial in Pictish times of a person known as Brath or Brude.

St Bhega possibly builds a church between Kilbagie and Clackmannan (Kil = Church, Bagie = Bhega)

750 St Serf dedicates a 793 Vikings sack Lindisfarne small wooden church in Clackmannan 9th C Kenneth McAlpin 800 is becomes the first king of crowned Holy Roman Scots (834-859) Emperor

844 Union of Picts and Around 800 gunpowder Scots to form Alba invented

877 Scottish capital 868 Earliest known printed moves from Dunkeld to book in China with a date Scone

10th C Constantin II (900-943) Malcolm I (943-9540 Indulf (954-962) Malcolm II (954-1034)

11th C Duncan I (1034-1040) Astrolabe, ancient navigation tool, first used in Europe

Macbeth (1040-1057) 1066 Battle of Hastings and Norman invasion

1086 Doomsday book

Lulach (1057-1058) 1096 First Crusade Malcolm III (1058-1093)

1141 Malcolm IV (1153- 12th C 1115 The Bruces come 1117 University of Oxford 1165) resides in with the to founded Clackmannan

1185 William the sells (1165- 1185 William the Lion’s off lands at Clackmannan to 1214) ransom to Richard I pay for his ransom after finances to being caught at the Battle of

1195 William the Lion falls ill 1192 Scottish church is 1185 Windmills first at Clackmannan tower, proclaimed independent recorded which is then a wooden of by Rome stockade

13th C Alexander II (1214-1249) 1215 Signing of the

1233 Building of 1220 Gengis Khan conquers cathedral starts Asia

1249 Stone Church is built Alexander III (1249-1286) at High Street, dedicated by a Roman Catholic Bishop instead of Celtic

1264 Alexander III instructs 1263 Viking army is 1266 Norway cedes the Rodger de Quincy to build a defeated at Battle of Western Isles to Scotland in Tower and stables at Largs Treaty of Perth Clackmannan

1286 Alexander III is Margaret, Maid of Norway killed at Kinghorn. (1286-1290) inherits throne but dies in on way to Scotland. is asked to select a successor.

John Baliol (1292-1296) is 1295 Treaty between granted throne by Scotland and France, is Edward I of England start of “”

1296 Edward I invades Scotland. Stone of Destiny is moved to London

1297 Battle of Bridge

1304 Sheriff William Bysst 14th C the Bruce (1306- 1305 is instructed to watch the Forth 1329) captured, taken to London for William Wallace and executed. 1314

1315 First Scottish parliament at Cambuskeneth

Robert the Bruce stays at 1320 The declaration of 1328 Treaty of : the Tower 1323 to 1327 to – Scottish Edward III recognises hunt in Clackmannan Forest independence Scotland as an independent country

David II (1329-1371) 1343 Black Death in Europe, up to 40% perish in first year

1357 Exchequer Rolls of 1350 Up to quarter of 1346 II is captured at Scotland, (Abstract of the Scotland’s population dies Battle of Neville’s Cross account of John of Mentieth, in Black Death. Sherrif of Clackmannan.) (rent of ) The Mill of Clackmannan for the term of Whitsunday £2.0.0

1359 King’s Seat Hill with David II ransomed for hunting lodge is sold to 10,000 merks. Alloa estate is sold to the Erskines to help raise the money.

Robert II (1371-1390) the 1380 Chaucer begins writing first Stewart king of Canterbury Tales Scotland

1406 Sir David Bruce 15th C Robert III (1390-1406) 1420 Completion of The presents the mill to the Forbidden City, Beijing monastery at Cambuskenneth James I (1406-1437) succeeds to throne but is not crowned until 1424 as he is a prisoner of English.

1413 Foundation of 1431 Joan of Arc is tried University of . and executed in France

James II (1437-1460) 1440 Adjustable type printing press is invented in Germany

1451 Foundation of 1472 Denmark cedes Glasgow University Orkney and Shetland to Scotland

1479 King James calls for 1489 The Erskines of 1492 Columbus discovers timber from Clackmannan Alloa are given barony of America Forest for the planned siege Alloa and the Forest of of Clackmannan

1497 William Mentieth is James III (1460-1488) made Sheriff of Clackmannan 1495 Creation of University of

16th C 1503 James IV (1488- 1513) marries Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII of England

1504 Clackmannan Pow is 1507 First printing press opened in Scotland

1506 Sir David Bruce is 1513 James IV is killed at given barony Battle of Flodden Field.

The infant James V (1513 -1542) becomes king

1519 First coal is mined in 1520 closes Clackmannan the abbey and salt panning at Kennetpans ceases

Mary Queen of Scots 1558 Mary, Queen of Scots, (1542-1567) succeeds to marries French Dauphin. the throne when one week old.

1560 Tower mansion built . 1559 Mary becomes Queen by the Bruces John Knox returns to of France when her Scotland in 1559. husband becomes Francis II

1561 Mary lands at Leith after death of her husband.

1567 Mary abdicates. James VI, 13 months old, accedes to throne. Earl of Mar is Regent.

1590 John Bruce patents 1587 Mary is beheaded by the first Engine in order of Queen Elizabeth Edinburgh

1592 Tolbooth built as is 1588 Spanish Armada courthouse and prison. ambassador to England

1620 John Bruce 17th C James VI (1567-1625) of 1614 John Napier invents successfully applies to mine Scotland becomes James logarithms for coal I of England. Draws up plans for the union of Scotland and England

1630 Market cross erected Charles I (1625-1649)

1642 Clackmannan Parish Kirk Session Records, distillery at Clackmannan with two gaugers as well as customs officers at Kennetpans and Powside.

1646 Sir Henry Bruce patents a water engine to pump out water from his pits

1650 Moat boundary is built Rule by Parliament as the around the Tower mansion Commonwealth under Cromwell (1649-1660)

1674 Henry Bruce dies Charles II (1660-1685) leaving huge debts to his son David, an MP

1681 John Adair’s map of James VII & II (1685- 1688 William of Orange Strath Devon and the district 1688) lands at Torbay and between the Ochils and the advances on London Forth shows a mill at "Lin Mil" - presumably was for grinding corn. 1689 Jacobite Highlanders uprising

1692 Glencoe Massacre

1693 David Bruce refuses to The Bank of Scotland is William III & Queen Mary II take oath to King William created in 1695 (1689-1702) and is removed from office

1699 Evidence of a lade supplying water from Linn Mill to a water engine in the Craigrie pits 18th C 1700 Attempt to establish Caledonian colony, ‘The Darien Scheme’ in Panama practically bankrupts Scotland

1701 Act of Settlement bars Catholics from the throne, to prevent James Edward Stuart ‘The Old Pretender’ from return.

1708 William Dalrymple 1707 Act of Union of Queen Anne (1702-1714) acquires the estate of Scotland and England last Stuart monarch Clackmannan at a judicial sale by the creditors of Mr. transfers seat of David Bruce. The charter is government to London in favour of Colonel Dalrymple and Mr. Alexander Inglis.

1708 Dock is built at Clackmannan Pow 1712 The Earl of Mar writes to his brother, Lord Grange, that he is considering selling his pension from Queen Anne to purchase the Clackmannan Estate.

1713 Clackmannan Parish 1715 Jacobite rising in George I (1714-1727) Kirk Session Records, support of James Edward mentions the death of Stuart ‘The Old Pretender’ Robert Myles, a gauger at the Clackmannan distillery.

1724 Brucefield house built

1730 Kennetpans, owned George II (1727-1760) by James Stein, is the biggest distillery in Scotland

1741 Church manse is built Black Watch regiment is founded in 1740

1745 Second Jacobite rebellion in support of Charles Edward Stuart

1746 Battle of Culloden 1747 Disarming Act bans Highland dress and bagpipe music

1754 A distillery is built 1760 Carron Ironworks 1747 British Linen Company beside the lade at Mill Road uses new coke-fired founded. smelting to make guns for navy.

1762 Marquis of Zetland 1762 Highland George III (1760-1820) (Lawrence Dundas) buys Clearances start the Clackmannan estate and later builds sea wall from Clackmannan port to Kennetpans

1770 Kilbagie distillery is First railway line in opened by James Stein Scotland transports whisky from Kilbagie to the port at Kennetpans.

Both Kennet pans and Kilbagie distilleries pay more tax than the whole of Scotland put together

1776 Kilbagie house is built 1775 Slavery in Scottish 1775-83 American War of by James Stein at the Garlet mines is abolished Independence

1782 – 1820 Highland John Stein, John Haig and Clearances force John Jamieson from emigration to Glasgow, Kennetpans build two large Edinburgh and abroad distilleries in .

1787 Robert Burns is A. Meikle invents the 1782 Highland Dress knighted at Clackmannan threshing mill at Kilbagie Proscription Act is repealed Tower by Katherine Bruce

1788 The Relief Church is built at the Kirk Wynd

1789 Kennetpans and Robert Burns writes to the 1789-99 French Revolution Kilbagie distilleries close prime minister, William Pit due to excessive tax the younger, complaining imposed on gin exported to of the heavy tax on England - £9 per gallon Scottish whisky on behalf compared to the normal tax of the Steins under his of 2s/6p per gallon. pseudonym of John Barleycorn. 1791 The last of the Bruces, Lady Kathrine Bruce, dies.

1795 Kennet house is built by Lord Balfour – Alexander Bruce of Kennet.

1807 Andrew Haig plans a 19th C 1802 Alloa harbour now new distillery at bigger than Clackmannan Clackmannan which opens harbour because of the in 1830. water supplied from Gartmorn dam

1803 work begins on Caledonian Canal

1805 Glasgow Herald first published

1815 Clackmannan house is built on the Mill Road

1815 New church built 1817 The Scotsman first around the old one on the published High Street

1822 Sherriff court is moved 1826 Continuous still is George IV (1820-1830) to Alloa. invented by Robert Stein of Kilbagie.

1830 Erskine House is built Scotland’s first passenger William IV (1830-1837) on the Kirk Wynd as the railway 1831 manse for the Relief Church

1833 Stone of Mannan is 1834 St Andrews golf club 1832 Reform Act enables lifted from the bottom of is given royal warrant more men to vote Lookabootye Brae and erected on a large stone taken from Cambuskenneth, placed next to the Tolbooth.

1836 Private ’Clackmannan 1841 Scotland’s (1837-1901) Coal Company’ is population reaches 2.6 established million

1843 Free Church is built (now the masonic lodge)

1844 A saw mill is built at 1846 Queen Victoria and 1866 David Livingstone sets Linn Mill Prince Albert lease out to find source of Nile Balmoral, which they later buy 1885 A pottery is possibly established at the bottom of the Kirk Wynd

1862 Mayfield house is built as the manse for the free church

1866 Sir Laurence Dundas installs a new water supply in Clackmannan using the old lade and a water powered ram pump to fill a water tank at the top of the High Street. He also gives the town its first street drainage system.

1874 Kilbagie distillery is sold and converted to a paper mill.

1875 Paton and Baldwin’s mill is erected on the south side of the , employing around 100 people

1876 Gas is supplied to 1876 Scottish Football 1878 Alexander Graham Clackmannan from Alloa Association is founded Bell demonstrates the telephone 1879 Disaster

1888 First part of 1890 Opening of Forth Clackmannan Town Hall is Bridge built

1892 Clackmannan gets a supply of water from the Gartmorn lade to the tank at the top of the High Street.

1897 Clackmannan 1896 Opening of Glasgow Alexander Hugh Bruce, 6th School is built on Alloa Subway Lord Balfour of Burleigh, is Road. Secretary of State for Scotland 1895-1903.

Prior to this date there were 20th C 1901 Scotland’s Edward VII (1901-1910) 70 named pits and 20 non- population reaches 4.5 named pits in Clackmannan million

1903 Front extension is built 1903 Irn Bru is first on the Town Hall. produced by AG Barr

1910 Pupils move from (1910-1936) Kennet school to Clackmannan school

Only 18 pits left in Robert Bruce, son of Lord 1915-18 First World War Clackmannan Balfour, is killed in France along with 52 men from Clackmannan. 1920 Clackmannan school is extended

1927 Gas escape from old 1926 John Logie Baird pit on south side of the demonstrates first television Town Hall causes damage

1933 Triple union of three churches in Clackmannan

1933 Electricity is supplied George VI (1936-1952) from Grangemouth

1936 Kincardine Bridge 1939-45 Second World War opens 1950 Tower partially 1947 Railways are collapses due to coal mining nationalised underneath 1948 Pits are nationalised

1950 Large pits are 1950 Stone of Scone is opened at , removed from Westminster Colsnaughton, and and taken to Arbroath Abbey 1955 Carigrie pit closes

1961 Zetland pit closes

1963 Queen Elizabeth II 1964 Elizabeth II (1952 - ) visits Cackmannan is opened

1969 Kennet House is demolished to avoid paying tax

1999 First meeting of new Scottish Parliament

21st C 2002 Longannet, last 2001 World Trade Centre deep coal mine in buildings collapse Scotland, closes

2004 Scottish Parliament 2003 China launches its first Building opens manned space mission

2008 Population of 2008 2005 Hurricane Katrina Clackmannan is 3,348 Bridge opens floods New Orleans

2008 Rail line from 2007 Apple launches Striling to Longannet iPhone opens for coal trains, and for passengers to Alloa.

2014 Queen’s 2016 Longannet power 2011 Devastating 9.0 Commonwealth baton is station closes magnitude earthquake in carried through town Japan

2017 Clackmannan town Scottish fishermen have USA scientists have receives funds totalling increased quotas for successfully used a gene- £4.5m from Scottish mackerel following an editing tool to correct a Government and the local agreement reached at disease-causing mutation in authority between the EU, Norway human DNA and the Faroe Islands.