Community, Collaboration, and Artistic Practice
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Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 9-9-2016 12:00 AM Representing Wilderness: Community, Collaboration, and Artistic Practice Michael J. Farnan The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Patrick Mahon The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Art and Visual Culture A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Michael J. Farnan 2016 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Fine Arts Commons Recommended Citation Farnan, Michael J., "Representing Wilderness: Community, Collaboration, and Artistic Practice" (2016). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 4142. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/4142 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This dissertation project serves as an inquiry into Canadian representational practices and discourses surrounding colonialism, wilderness, nature and nationhood. The written thesis presented here is part of a multidisciplinary project that also comprised of an art exhibition held at Western’s McIntosh Gallery, from June 3rd to Junes 25th, 2016. This paper, alongside the drawing, sculpture, and videos created for my exhibition, examine depictions of nature and nation in Canada through an analysis of antimodernism, primitivism, and a seeking of the spiritual connected to constructions of “white wilderness” and the spatial imaginary of Canada’s colonial frontier. This paper also explores ways in which decolonial art and theory seeks to challenge those same configurations of identity and power, including the development of settler-based decolonizing strategies aimed at unsettling dominant political and cultural narratives. Specifically in relation to my own art practice, this means challenging the enduring colonial legacies of Canada’s settler past and the contemporary representational practices that continue to privilege and empower colonial constructions of space and place. This dissertation project proposes a collaborative-based research practice that operates in relation to issues of the local, domestic, and lived practices of people and their interaction with the environment. As such, this paper examines mainstream articulations of nature and nation in Canada through historicized interpretations of dominant Settler/First Nation narratives and demonstrates how an understanding of this history becomes vitally important when trying to achieve performative, transformative, and collaborative understandings of the colonial experience that continues to define life in Canada. Keywords: Wilderness, Nature, Nationalism, Canadian Art, Postcolonial, Decolonial, Antimodernism, Settler Colonialism, Group of Seven, Primitivism, Whiteness, National Parks, Canoe, Grey Owl, Tom Thomson, Video Art, Collaboration. i Acknowledgments I would like to thank my principle supervisor Patrick Mahon for his tireless work on my behalf. His insight, patience, and unwavering support will always be appreciated. I would also like to thank my dissertation committee members Kelly Jazvac and Sarah Bassnett, who provided invaluable critical feedback, presented alternative perspectives, and have shown me an incredible amount of support during the course of this project. The work in my accompanying exhibition features lead performances and collaborative directions by Lori Blondeau and Adrian Stimson; the work of Cinematographers Clark Ferguson and David Hartman; Sound/Recording artists, Jordan Poniatowski and Joel Alain; and Canoe Dancing by William Brims. Behind the production of the show was an incredible support cast that included technical and production assistance from Western Visual Arts staff: Andrew Silk, Julia Beltrano, and Jennifer Slauenwhite; McIntosh Gallery support from James Patten, Brian Lambert, and Lucas Azevedo Cabral. My work in Saskatchewan would not have been possible without the guidance of Gord Vaadland, support from PAVED arts in Saskatoon, and the incredible network of family and friends that reside there. I would also like to thank Paula Dias from the Visual Arts Department for her tireless and generous support and guidance throughout my time here at Western. I dedicate this project and offer an eternal debt of gratitude to my family, my parents, brothers, and most importantly to my wife Jennifer LaChapelle. And lastly, to my two children Violet and Matthew, thank you for always reminding me of what is truly important in this wonderful life we share. The Representing Wilderness exhibition was organized by McIntosh Gallery in collaboration with Western University’s Department of Visual Arts Ph.D. program in Art and Visual Culture. The research for this project has been generously supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. ii Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................ i Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... iii List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... v Preface ............................................................................................................................... vii Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Theoretical Framework and Research Methodology .......................................................... 1 On Nature and Wilderness ............................................................................................. 1 The Roots of Wilderness in Canadian Art ..................................................................... 3 The Human and the Natural ........................................................................................... 5 My Artistic Practice as Research “In Nature” ................................................................ 6 Postcolonial and Decolonial ........................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1 ........................................................................................................................... 15 Arguments and Orientations ............................................................................................. 15 Antimodernism, Settler Colonialism, and the Group of Seven .................................... 15 Notions of Primitivism, Whiteness, and Early Spiritual Roots .................................... 25 Chapter 2 ........................................................................................................................... 34 Contemporary Articulations of Nature and Nation ........................................................... 34 Constructions of Place, Space, and White Wilderness ................................................ 34 National Parks: Theorizing Domesticated Nature ........................................................ 43 Chapter 3 ........................................................................................................................... 53 Artistic Strategies and Exhibition Practices ...................................................................... 53 Creative Frameworks and Artistic Practice .................................................................. 53 Chapter 4 ........................................................................................................................... 69 iii Final Outcomes and Significant Collaborative Practice ................................................... 69 Field Work and Studio-Based Research ...................................................................... 69 Previous Exhibitions and Related Projects .................................................................. 74 The Canoe, Collaboration, and a New National Parks Project .................................... 82 Projecting the Past into Visions of a Fantastical Future .............................................. 87 Exhibition Images ........................................................................................................ 92 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 98 Learning to Listen and See Differently ............................................................................. 98 References and Bibliography .......................................................................................... 109 Curriculum Vitae ............................................................................................................ 117 iv List of Figures Figure 1. N2N Exhibition Invite .............................................................................................. 75 Figure 2. Dance for the Narrows, 2015. Production Still. Bill Brims in Canoe ..................... 76 Figure 3. Mammo’wiiang To Make Change, Installation Image. Work in foreground by Leah Decter and Jaimie Isaac, (official denial) trade value in