Geografia Di Pomponio Mela Libri Tre Tradotti Ed Illustrati Da Giovanni

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Geografia Di Pomponio Mela Libri Tre Tradotti Ed Illustrati Da Giovanni Digilized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google , GEOGRAFIA POMPONIO MELA LIBRI "I R E TRADOTTI ED ILLUSTRATI DA GIOVANNI FRANCESCO MURATORI npay|jk«T!vo)JÌviii ir,v Tij; «ipiolov xai tì vyv forca à4;uv «vàyxij xat tftv ùitafcàvtteiv tv ir . Strvb. GfOgr. VI. r. i. TORINO RALLA STAMPERIA REALI. 1 855 . Digitized by Google Digitized by Google r PREFAZIONE s DEI. TRADUTTORE jf • • > L/opera, in cui Pomponio Mela descrive il sito del mondo, / * t è si squisita e. condotta con tale maestria, che merita- mente si annovera tra le più utili e più leggiadre. E fa meraviglia come un lavoro, che venne illustrato da molti valenti critici, ed è lodatissimo dagli eruditi delle più colte nazioni, sia quasi interamente dimenticato dagl’ita- liani e, dalle prime in fuori sia più stato edizioni , non pubblicato con le stampe , nè tradotto nella nostra lingua, nè altrimenti commentato. > Volendo, per quanto il comportino le forze, ripa- rare a questa non meritata oblivione, ho fermato di rap- presentare al pubblico Pomponio Mela tradotto ed illu- strato con annotazioni e fornito d’un copioso indice a foggia di lessico di geografia comparata. Impercioc- ché non sia dubbiò che, se colui il quale intra- il prende a trattare periodo della terra , debbe esporre Digitized by Google Vl ' ' - . le che sono al presente od in cose , parte anche quello clic furono, massime quando siano stale illustri (1); perciò a coloro che leggono i trattati di geografia antica per la piena intelligenza è utile raffrontarla con la moderna. Oltrecchè dunque l'opera è per se stessa pregevole, vuoi dal lato della lìngua e dello stile, vuoi da-qnello della materia, essa non mi .parve in tutto disforme dai tempi nostri, nei quali lo studio della geografia, che in antico sembrava destinato solamente a compiere il tirocinio delle lettere, diventò pur necessario ad ogni civile educa- zione. lato- Certamente , se da un c malagevole leggere con -vantaggio e diletto i classici greci, latini, ed italiani senza una mediocr.e cognizione di questa scienza ^ dal- l’altro riuscirebbe oltremodo manca quella educazione in cui fosse totalmente trascurata. Con questo qualsiasi lavoro ho in animo di se- condare, per quanto sta in me gli sforzi degli edu- , catori della i provvediménti Governo, la gioventù , del riconosciuta importanza di questi studi e la persuasione generale chetano potentissimo mezzo di sviluppare fin- , telligenza giovanile. Sono più che altri persuaso che Pomponio Mela, anche tradotto ed illustrato non può per intiero sopperire al' bisogno, nè rappresentare tutta (I) Strab. Georg, vr, c. I. Queste parole sono testualmente riportate nel frontispizio della presente «pera. Digitized by Google VII la scienza geografica, la'quale ai tempi nostri ha smisti- ratamente dilatato i suoi confini. Ma niuno vorrà certa- mente affermare, che un libro di sì fatto genere, che - riunisca l’antico al moderno , debba comprendere ne’suoi più larghi termini tutta la sciènza, ed esaurire per così dirla materia. Per fermo è lontano dall’essere buona ed utile per lo universale quell’opera geografica, la quale altro non sia che l’accolta di nozioni varic e molteplici, una infinita serie di nomi addensati e agglomerati come a Dio piace. Un libro buono in geografia ha da avere le qualità che competono a qualsivoglia altra opera artistica, in cui tutto sia coordinato all’affetto ed al sentimento del bello. Sì fatto libro pertanto non dèbb’essere: solo il frutto di buoni e severi studi, ma il portato d’un ingegno sovrano; non lo specchio soltanto in cui si riflette pura la verità, ma un’espressione sincera del cuore. Due qualità difficili a rinvenirsi unite insieme in ogni età ; è più nelle moderne. Le quali se in molte parti superano le antiche, nel ma- affetti neggio degli , a loro volta sono da quelle superate. Ond’ò che nella difficile arte di comporre Jjbrl utili gli antichi seggono' ancora maestri. In quegli animi, non ancora sgagliarditi dalla mollezza di una provetta ed accasciata civiltà, non capiva come J’intelletto si N potesse disgiungere dal cuore senza infievolirne l’uno dei due, od ammorzarli entrambi. (ìli antichi mentre Digitized by Google Vili ' r > r cercavano d’impririiere nell’animo la sciènza e l’opero- sità, riscaldavano efficacemente il cuore con l’esuberanza degli affetti. Nella mente loro un libro rappresentava qual- * * * • che cosa di più che l’insieme della dottrina e l’embrione della scienza; era tutto d’un tratto una fedele dipintura dell’uomo con le sue passioni varie e molteplici; era una forte ed espressa scoltura della società con le sue virtù e i suoi vizii. Nè avea luogo presso di loro la divisione mo- struosa che ora veggiamo del buono e del bello: divorzio funesto introdotto e lasciatoci in eredità dai sofisti e dagli scolastici antichi, ridestato e mantenuto dai sofisti e dagli scolastici moderni. Tale è il libro di Pomponio Mela. Primo, non piccola ' — ». gloria per lui, degli scrittori romani che abbia posto mano * # » < ad un opera di geografìa, tentata da Ciceroqe e intra-: lasciata per la difficoltà, non ritrae da alcuno. Riuscì originale e a -niuiio .che a se medesimo somigliante. lo Disegna il suo lavoro con tratti veramente maestri , colorisce maravigliosamente, e d’un colpo ti presenta la descrizione del. globo, facendo sparire dall’opera sua quell’aria di grettezza e tisiCume, che suole informare ordinariamente un libro che pur debb essere severo con- \ « servatore della nomenclatura. Crea d’un tratto, il lessico geografico di quella lingua, che non sera per anco pie- 'i gala alla severità della scienza; riduce a norma del ro- > Digitized by Cjoogle ' • ' • li » • - • . V mano linguaggio vocaboli non più pronunziali in bocca Ialina; e, da qualche vocabolo in fuori, che assoluta- mente resiste alla configurazione dell' idioma del Lazio, esprime quanto, appena si enunciava dai natii del luogo. Sormontate 4utte le difficolta che nascono dalla diffe- contrade, dal- renza del linguaggi , dalla disparità delle l'ampiézza della materia^ dalla scarsità delle cognizioni geografiche de’suoi tempi, e dalla brevità medesima del- l’opera sua, crea un/ libro che non ti. sembra un rigido * • , i* - trattalo di scienza, ma una breve, energica e quasi compita narrazione d’un viaggio pel mondo allora conosciuto.- Nè . par che enumeri, ina rappresenti agli -occhi Je città, i fiumi, i monti, i mari, i seni, i promontorii, i costumi, le usanze, le leggile i riti delle, nazioni, sènza che mai l’uomo sia sviato dal cammino, attediato e stanco dalla lunghezza della via, sazio della ripetizione dei nomi, in- ceppato dalle difficoltà. Al tutto egli ti pare lèggere una ben condotta epopea con le sue grazie, le sue varietà, i suoi episòdii. Insònyna è il libro d un uomo di grande ingegno e di gran cupre, e non la faticósa .compilazione dello scolastico; un lavoro artistico con la saggia éd eco- nomica distribuzione di dottrina; e non un affastellamento * < di nozioni abborracciate, stivate e rabberciate. -, Esposta la intenzione nel pubblicare questo libro, ed » * • , • i motivi che m'indussero ad intraprendere questo lavoro, Digitized by Google lascerò elio. gl' intelligenti decidano di che qualità debbano essere inibii di geografia, c sarò pago se essi giudicheranno che. dal mio canto io abbia rappresentato Pomponio Mela nella sua interezza e nel'suo candore. \ I * Torino, il 19 agosto 1855. - Digito ed by Google . • XI r ' . i !.. ÌNDICE . > - ’ a • * + * * C . ' . • » " * „ • . .. \ Prelazione del Traduttore • • - Paft- 1 Geografia dei Romani prima di Pomponio Mela » xiu N • li \otiwe sulla sua vita . XVII ’ - * HI Opera di- Pomponio Mela *. ! XMll IV Analisi dc’suoi libri' XXV V Pregi di Pomponio Mela ." .’ XXVI sVI Suoi difetti. „ ........ XXIX • • ,*. .' VII Suo stile . : XXXUI VII! Illustratori di Pomponio Mela xxxiv IX Versioni della .sua opera . XI. X Qualità della predente traduzione' . .. » XLIII XI Aiuti nel condurre la medesima ...... .... «> XLV XII Del testo latino, seguito nella presente jersione. » ’XIVII . « ’ • ^ . * • v . 1 - • PROEMIO DELL’AUTQRE ' ' • „ - . 'LIBRO I. - - . *_ CÀro I Del mondo c delle sub parti’ pag. 2 —— - Il Breve descrizione dell’Asia i . ,» 5 —— HI Breve' descrizione dell’Europa » 9 N —— IV defl’Àfiica. , » - . Brevc descrizione ........ TT —— * V Descrizione particolare dell’Africa..... » J4 • —— VI Numidia., n. 17 VÌI Africa propriamente deljia . » .. ! », 18 —— Vili Cirenaica.... > « 22 IX Descrizione particolare dell’Asia. L’Egitto. »> 2G -1— X Arabia... » .12 ' Digitized by Google . ‘ .Capo XI Siria . 7 pag. 33 XII .Fenicia. 1 . i ...... ~n 35 — * —-. XIII - Ciiicia , > .......* » c i ... 37 . XIV. Panfilia. '. 41' — .’ Licia.. .. 42 — XV v . rr— XVI Caria ,. v .V, » 44 —- XVII Ionia...?...-.. » 46 XVIII • Eolide . ,!\ .* « 48. '.XIX Bitinia, Paflagonia, cd altre nazioni Poùti- * che e Miotiche sulla spiaggia Asiatica. *«. 58 « • LIBRO II. » Capo • . I Scozia europea. 6.3 . ' Il Tracia. '«72 '—— III Macedonia, Crecta, Pefoponneso, Epiro ed. Illirica. ' »/ 83. , IV Italia...' » 97 .' V Gallia Narbónese . ,.... » 107 1- VI Spiaggia citeriore dell’Ispania . » 113 t /, VII Isole del Mediterraneo. » 119 ' ' - III. * .LIBRO Capo I Spiaggia esteriore dellTspania . 1 » 138 j. II -Spiaggia esteriore della Gallia. .. «• 1^5 • III /bertnatìia '» 150 '. 1 V f Sarmazia,- . ....' 153 ; v( Scizia V. ,» 454 —-— VI Isole dell’.Ispania esteriore e dell’oceano settentrionale....,....' « 160 —*- Vii ’ Oceano orientale ed Indie ...s » 166 — Vili Mare e i golfi di questo Rosso , due *. 173 •. , mare , il Persico e l’Arabico .IX L’Etiopia.. -» 179 . X Mare Atlantico-, e parte dell’Etiopia e # della Maaretania che g bagnata da - questi mari . \ f » 184 Indice dei nomi proprii antichi in comparazione dei moderni » 189 Digitized by Google . xm • 1 •' • • •: . * * . Geografia dei Romani prima di Pomponio Mela. Per formarsi una. giusta idea di -Pomponio Mela, ed apprezzare il giudizio, che di lui pronunziarono i cri- tici ‘più solenni, è mestieri rifarsi alquanto da più alti principii - e dare uno. sguardi) all’origine ed al pro- gresso della geografia presso i Romani,, ed osservare lo stato *in cui si trovava quando egli prese a scrivere i • - libri.
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