(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,027,883 B2 Lyons (45) Date of Patent: May 12, 2015
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USOO9027883B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,027,883 B2 Lyons (45) Date of Patent: May 12, 2015 (54) AIRCRAFT FAIRING 4,643,376 A * 2/1987 Vanderhoeven .............. 244,198 5,749,542 A 5/1998 Hamstra et al. (75) Inventor: Neil John Lyons, Bristol (GB) 2003/00669336,854,687 B1A1 4/20032/2005 MauryMorgenstern et al. et al. 2005, 0116107 A1 6/2005 Morgenstern et al. (73) Assignee: Airbus Operations Limited, Bristol 2006/0006287 A1* 1/2006 Ferguson et al. ............. 244,130 (GB) 2006/0065784 A1* 3/2006 Rouyre ......................... 244,119 2009, OO78830 A1 3/2009 Fol et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS U.S.C. 154(b) by 145 days. EP O810357 A1 12/1997 (21) Appl. No.: 13/127,606 FR 2892999 A1 5/2007 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (22) PCT Filed: Nov. 5, 2008 International Search Report for PCT/GB2008/051028, mailed May (86). PCT No.: PCT/GB2O08/051028 28, 2009. S371 (c)(1) H. Sobieczky “Configuration test cases for aircraft wing root design and optimization', 1998, International Symposium on inverse Prob (2),s (4) Date: Mayy 4, 2011 lems inp Engineering Mechanics (ISIP98)ymp Mar. 1988, Nagano, Japan. Search Report corresponding to GB0526208.4, datedMar. 31, 2006. (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2010/052446 Additional Search Report corresponding to GB0526208.4, dated PCT Pub. Date: May 14, 2010 Oct. 18, 2006. (65) Prior Publication Data * cited by examiner US 2011/0204185A1 Aug. 25, 2011 ll. Z, Primary Examiner — Troy Chambers (51) Int. Cl. Assistant Examiner — Jamie S Stehle B64C 700 (2006.01) (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Lowe Hauptman & Ham, B64C23/04 (2006.01) LLP (52) U.S. Cl. CPC. B64C 700 (2013.01); B64C23/04 (2013.01) (57) ABSTRACT (58) USPCField of ............... Classification 244/200. Search 130. 131, 119, 1291, 198 A shock control fairing for mounting a junction between See application file for complete search history. s adjoining aircraft Surfaces. The fairing has a cross-sectional profile which varies along the length of the fairing. The cross (56) References Cited sectional profile of the fairing has a maximum area at a location which, when mounted to an aircraft, is Substantially U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS proximal to a location on the surface of the aircraft at which a shock would be expected to develop without the fairing. 2.927,749 A 3, 1960 Brownell 4,314,681 A 2/1982 Kutney 4,624.425. A 11, 1986 Austin et al. 5 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent May 12, 2015 Sheet 1 of 6 US 9,027,883 B2 U.S. Patent May 12, 2015 Sheet 2 of 6 US 9,027,883 B2 U.S. Patent May 12, 2015 Sheet 3 of 6 US 9,027,883 B2 U.S. Patent May 12, 2015 Sheet 4 of 6 US 9,027,883 B2 ~~~~ U.S. Patent May 12, 2015 Sheet 5 of 6 US 9,027,883 B2 ^ U.S. Patent May 12, 2015 Sheet 6 of 6 US 9,027,883 B2 //±TH[10]H. US 9,027,883 B2 1. 2 AIRCRAFTEARING aircraft, substantially coincides with the location at which a shock would be expected to develop without the shock control RELATED APPLICATIONS fairing. As will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art, loca The present application is national phase of PCT/GB2008/ tions on the upper Surface of the wing at which a shock would 051028 filed Nov. 5, 2008. be expected to develop can be easily determined for any given aircraft. FIELD OF THE INVENTION For example, the flow over the upper Surface of a wing, without a fairing according to the invention, may be mea The present invention relates to a fairing, and more par 10 Sured, modelled, or calculated by known techniques (for ticularly to a shock control fairing for mounting on the upper example using wind tunnel testing or Computational Fluid Surface of a junction between an aircraft fuselage and wing. Dynamics) to determine the shock locations. Once the shock BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION locations have been determined, a fairing having a cross 15 sectional profile in accordance with embodiments of the As shown in FIG. 1, many aircraft include a fairing at the invention may be provided. Depending upon the initial con upper surface 203 of a junction between the aircraft fuselage figuration of the aircraft, determining the locations on the 205 and wing 201 (i.e. the upper surface of the wing root). upper Surface of the wing at which a shock would be expected One function of Such fairings is to reduce or eliminate sepa to develop may comprise analysing the flow over the upper ration of the airflow in the region of the junction and thereby Surface of the wing with a prior art wing root fairing. reduce Viscous drag on the aircraft. For some aircraft a shock may be expected to occur at A typical prior art wing root fairing 209 is in the form of a several locations on the upper Surface. Accordingly, the maxi concave, wedge-shaped fillet (the upper surface of the which mum area of the cross-sectional profile may be provided is represented by the mesh in FIG. 1). The fillet starts at a proximal to a location at which the most significant shock mid-chord region of the wing root and extends to a maximum 25 would occur. A shock may, for example, be considered sig cross-sectional area at, or slightly aft of the trailing edge of nificant if it is the shock which has the greatest effect on the the wing root. These known fairings are referred to herein as lift and/or drag of the wing. Alternatively or additionally, a a “conventional wing root fairing. shock may for example be considered significant if it When aircraft operate at transonic speeds, at least one accounts for more than one tenth of a percent of the total shock may develop in the region of the wing root and/or over 30 aircraft drag. the upper Surface of the inner wing. The shock may be unde An aircraft provided with a shock control fairing according sirable for a number of reasons. For example, the shock can to an embodiment of the invention has been found to generate cause considerable wave drag and may also limit the amount a number of advantageous effects on the flow field surround of lift that the inner region of the wing generates. ing the inner wing and the junction. Providing a fairing having Embodiments of the present invention seek to provide a 35 a maximum area at a location which is substantially proximal fairing for an aircraft, which removes or mitigates at least one to a location on the upper Surface of the aircraft wing at which of the above-mentioned problems. a shock would be expected to develop without the fairing present is thought to modify the pressure gradients that arise SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION in the vicinity of the junction during flight. 40 As will be understood by the person skilled in the art, the According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is spanwise direction extends from the fuselage to the wing tip, provided a shock control fairing for mounting on a junction and is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction Such that the between aircraft components; wing tip is at 100% span and the longitudinal centre-line of the fairing having a cross-sectional profile which varies the aircraft is at 0% span. along the length of the fairing: 45 As will also be understood by the person skilled in the art, wherein the cross-sectional profile has a maximum area at a the wing root chord is the value of the chord at the wing root. location which, when mounted to an aircraft, is Substantially On many aircraft, the geometry of the wing and/or the fuse proximal to a location on the surface of the aircraft at which lage may be such that the spanwise position of the wing root a shock would be expected to develop without the fairing. varies between the leading edge and the trailing edge of the The shock control fairing may be arranged for mounting on 50 wing. In Such circumstances, it will be understood that the the upper Surface of a junction between an aircraft fuselage wing root chord refers to the chord at the spanwise location on and wing: the wing that coincides with the point on the junction lying wherein the cross-sectional profile has a maximum area at furthest from the centre-line of the aircraft. a location which, when mounted to an aircraft, is Sub On a typical transonic passenger aircraft wing a significant stantially proximal to a location on the upper Surface of 55 shock may be found to occur proximal to a mid chord region the aircraft wing at which a shock would be expected to of the wing root junction. Accordingly in Some embodiments, develop without the fairing. the shock control fairing is arranged Such that, when mounted The shock control fairing may also be arranged to reduce or to an aircraft, with its length extending along a chordwise eliminate separation or the airflow in the region of the junc direction of the aircraft wing root, the cross-sectional profile tion. 60 has a maximum area in a mid-chord region of the wing root. In use, the shock control fairing is arranged such that its For example, the cross-sectional profile may have a maxi length extends along a substantially chordwise direction of mum area located between 20% wing root chord and 70% the aircraft wing root.